HomeMy WebLinkAbout610 Welsh Ave -- Historical Marker Application -- MirzaCrrv OF Cm.LEGE STATION
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CONTACT INFORMATION
Historical Marker Application
APPucANT's NAME: Wajahat(Bobby) and Afshi(Sara)Mirza
ADDREss: 610 Welsh Avenue
CITY, STATE, ZIP: College Station, TX 77840 PHONE NUMBER: _______ _
EMAIL: mirza.bobby@gmail.com, afshimirza@yahoo.com
This application is for a: liJ Structure D Subject
STRUCTURE MARKER INFORMATION
Structure is a: Ill Home D Building
If a home, was it formerly located on Texas A&M campus? D Yes Ill No
AddressoFStructure:_6_1_0~W~e~IS_h~~~~~~~~-~~~~~~~~~~
Owner's Name: Wajahat(Bobby) and Afshi(Sara)Mirza
CurrentMailingAddress:_6_1_0~W~e~ls_h~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Phone Number:--------------------------
Email: afshimirza@yahoo.com
SUBJECT MARKER INFORMATION
This nomination is For: DEnterprise [!]Person D Event D Topic D Other: ___ _
Th t .tl fth· b' t. An American GI e 1 e o 1s su ~ec 1s: ------------------------
What type of property is the proposed marker to be placed on? D Public Iii Private
Address of marker location: 610 Welsh -------------------------
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Describe the significance of the proposed historical marker with as much detail as possible.
You may attach additional pages For your narrative.
Please see attached
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Supporting Documentation
Please attach the Following information to the application.
A. Alterations
List any known changes or modifications made to the property throughout its history.
B. Prominent Historical Figures
List any prominent historical figures associated with the property.
C. Property Ownership
List all known owners of the property. Include original owner and subsequent owners.
D. Tenant History
List all known tenants of the property throughout its history.
E. Narrative History
Attach a narrative explanation of the chronological and historical development of the property.
F. Drawings
Provide a sketch of the current site plan. Include the proposed location of the historical marker.
Provide a sketch map indicating the nominated property and any related sites.
G. Photographs
Provide at least one historic photograph of the property.
Provide at least one current photograph of the property illustrating in its surrounding context. For
example, photograph the streetscape in which the building is included.
Provide at least one photograph of each side of the building.
H. Additional Information
Provide any additional information that supports the application. This may include architectural drawings,
letters, oral histories, newspaper/magazine articles, etc.
I. References
Attach a List of the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form.
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Rollin Lafayette Elkins, the original owner of 610 Welsh, should be considered as a subject for a College Station Historic Marker. He was an example of the "American GI" from World War II and a member of the" Greatest Generation". Born in Palestine, Texas in 1912 to Allie and Clara Elkins, "Rollie" did well in school. His father worked for the Missouri-Pacific Railway and even during the Depression years, was able to provide a prosperous home for his family. Texas A&M College was the plan for many young men looking for a military career and Rollin Elkins entered during those Depression years. "Satch" Elkins was a cavalry man and his senior photo in the 1933 A&M yearbook (The Longhorn) lists his achievements. At the age of 20, he was the Second Lieutenant of Troop D Cavalry; played in the Fightin' Texas Aggie Band and in Guion Hall Orchestra in 1931 and 1932. He was a member of the Palestine Club in 1929 and 1933, a member of the Press Club (The Battalion) and the Gathright Bucket Brigade. He was the Intramural Athletic Manager in 1932 and 1933 and a Star Boarder College Hospital in 1931 and 1932. H was a member in Walker's Cohorts and the Four Bucket Club. 1 While working on his education as a graduate student in economics, Lieutenant R.L. Rollins and Lieutenant J.E. Miller presented "Calvary Tactics, Past and Future", for a troop school meeting of the Reserve Officers Association. 2 This topic of calvary horses vs. mechanization would be the focus of Lieutenant Elkins military career. During the interwar period, American cavalrymen held off reaching a final decision between the militarv value of the horse and the motor vehicle, believing that each would strengthen their Army's forces. With hindsight, the judgment of history has clearly been on the side of mechanization, but as the United States entered World War II, the verdict was not yet clear. Satch received a Master's in Economics in June of 1935 and by September was an addition to the staff at Texas A&M College as an "acting instructor" in economics and served as the Administrative Assistant to President of A&M, Thomas Walton. When the stories of war in Europe called Aggies to fight, The Battalion's April 1941 issue reported the departure of officer "Satch" Elkins into service. 3 One year prior to Satch's departure, with growing concerns of the cavalry horse vs vehicle," General George C. Marshall had ordered war-game maneuvers to be held April 12-25 and May 5-25, 1940, in Georgia and Louisiana, and for the first time a mechanized unit larger than a brigade was to be employed by combining combat cars with some infantry tanks. What happened was the horses were unable to keep pace with the combat cars, particularly during the last phase of the maneuvers. That same May, German panzers moved quickly into Holland, Belgium, and France. On the last day of the maneuvers, May 25, 1940, an impromptu conference on mechanization was held in the basement of the Alexandria, Louisiana high school. Present were General Chaffee, General Frank Andrews of the War Department General Staff (Marshall's man), and a few others, including, somehow, Colonel Patton. Those present concluded unanimously "that development of mechanized units could no longer be delayed, and that such units must be removed from the control of the traditional branches to become a separate organization," as Mildred H. Gillie reports in her book Forging the Thunderbolt. On July 10, 1940, General Marshall issued the order creating an Armored Force. General Chaffee was appointed its first commander.4
The May 1941 issue of the Texas A&M Battalion reported "Lieutenant Elkins was stationed in the Armored Division of the Calvary at Fort Knox, Kentucky''. s The 1st Armored Division was an experiment in a self-supporting, permanent fighting unit with tanks as the nucleus. This experiment in a self-sustaining blitzkrieg force had never been tried before, and the troops necessary for such an organization were drawn from many army posts. 6 The annual war-game maneuvers in Louisiana were held in the fall of 1941 and the 1st Armored Division returned to Ft Knox the day before the bombing of Pearl Harbor. A few months later, in March 1942, the 1st Armored Division was en route to the Fort Dix, New Jersey staging area under command of Major General Orlando Ward. The next "secret" move was to Ireland and the division landed in May and June of 1942. Training for the next few months was even more exacting and rigid than the last months in the United States. In October 1942, the group left Ireland for England and Scotland and last-minute preparations and training. When the invasion fleet set sail for North Africa, tanks, infantry and artillery of the 1st Armored Division were aboard the transports. One of the earliest battle experiences Satch saw was The Valentine's Day Offensive near Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia. "The sudden onset of the German attack caused widespread panic and shattered previously orderly units. Men and vehicles streamed back towards the passes. During the night, German "reconnaissance by fire" - a tactic of shelling positions in which the enemy might be concealed -added to the chaos. If they fired back, then this would reveal their positions and allow the Germans to target them. The sudden appearance of shelling on previously quiet areas, the very essence of reconnaissance by fire, caused panic as men found themselves unexpectedly under attack in the darkness. The roads became clogged with fleeing men and vehicles, as well as the burning wrecks of tanks and transports the Germans had hit." 7 An article from the Tunisian Front, Feb 28, 1943 (by wireless) written by Ernie Pyle. "Yanks have weird tales of escape at Faid Pass -Most of the men who survived the German's surprise breakthrough on the first day of the Sbeitla battle lost everything they had. Major "Satch" Elkins, of College Station, Texas came out with only the clothes on his back. But he resented most losing 300 razor blades to the Germans". Later in the article Pyle writes, "Most men who walked to safety through the desert that night and the following night were helped by Arabs ... One put "Satch" Elkins into a ditch and covered him with a long rope from a well, and another Arab walked 25 miles leading some enlisted men to safety."s The Texas A&M March 1943 Battalion article reported of "Major Elkins' arrival in North Africa in command of a cavalry unit and was stationed at a forward command post when the recent Axis push in Tunisia began. Major Elkins' half-track was hit three times by German shells. They were standing still, cleaning a carburetor filter, when the third shell hit. It set them on fire. Some of the crew eventually got back safely, but others are still missing. Major Elkins said they could have gotten clear back with the car if the damned engine had only kept running." g With British forces eventually taking Tunis and Americans in Bizerte, the Axis forces in Tunisia surrendered between May 9th and 13th of 1943. The 1st Armored Division deployed to French Morocco, with elements reformed as the Fifth Army under command of Lieutenant General Mark Wayne Clark.
The Fifth Army first saw action during the Salerno, Italy landings (Operation Avalanche) as part of the Allied Invasion of Italy, in September 1943. The incredible difficulties were explained in late March 1944 by Lieutenant General Clark, which could be said of the whole campaign. They were, he claimed, "Terrain, weather, carefully prepared defensive positions in the mountains, determined and well-trained enemy troops, grossly inadequate means at our disposal while on the offensive, with approximately equal forces to the defender."10 Elements of the Fifth Army were sent to Anzio and found in a report written by Ernie Pyle in The St. Louis Post-Dispatch, April 8, 1944. "Pyle meets outfit he knew in Tunisia Days -About 13 months ago I struggled one forenoon into a cactus patch about halfway between Sbeitla and Faid Pass, in Tunisia. Hidden in that patch was all that was left of an armored combat team which had been overrun the day before, when the Germans made the famous surprise breakthrough which led finally to our retreat through Kasserine Pass. I found them almost in a daze, and a very justifiable one, too, for they had been fleeing and groping their way across the desert for a day and a night, cut to pieces, and with the swarming Germans relentlessly upon them. The few who escaped had never expected to survive at all, and on that weary morning they were hardly able to comprehend that they were still alive. I had good friends in that gang, and I've just seen them again after 13 months. Talk about your family reunion! It was like old home week for a while. l stayed with them two days, and we fought the Tunisian wars over and over again. i can just visualize us on some far day when we cross each other's paths back in America, boring our families and friends to distraction with our long-winded recounting and arguments about some afternoon in Tunisia. 'Satch' Elkins. "Major Rollin Elkins, sometimes known in fact as R. Lafayette Elkins, used to be a professor at Texas A&M, College Station, Texas. He is one of this old gang. His nickname is Satch, and he goes around in the green two-piece coverall of the infantry. Everybody loves him. That memorable night in Tunisia I excitedly went away and left my helmet and shovel lying under a half-track in which Major Elkins was sleeping, and never saw them again. In our reminiscing I told the Major how last fall, when l was home, several people told me that this steel helmet was now in somebody's house out on Long Island. How it got there I haven't the remotest idea. "But I've got another helmet now, and Satch Elkins has another half-track, Bird Dog the Second, to replace the old one that was shot out from under him that awful Tunisian afternoon."11 The Bryan Daily Eagle {Bryan, Texas) May 17, 1944, Wednesday "Aggies Stage Muster at Anzio" a photo of a large group of former Aggies, a:I graduates of Texas A&M College, who are with the United States forces on the Anzio beachhead. Third from the left is Major R.L. (Satch) El~ins,
former member of the faculty, and second from the right, in the foreground, with the old familiar pipe, is Major E.H. (Skinny) Holmgreen, of the AMG, who landed on the beach not far behind the first invading fore. They held the traditional muster on San Jacinto Day, April 21, managed a barbeque and, rumor has it, something with which to wash down food." 12 "Bronze Star is Awarded Elkins Formerly of A&M", The Eagle (Bryan, Texas), Saturday, June 10, 1944 p.1. The article reports his location with the First Armored Regiment in Italy and states "For his courageous actions on 14 February 1943 near Sidi Bou Zid, Tunisia. During a cross country move his vehicle was partially disabled by enemy tank fire and stalled frequently due to water being in the gasoline. He assisted deaning the fuel sediment bowl seven times while under heavy enemy fire. One hit knocked one of the crew members out of the vehicle. Major Elkins stopped the vehicle and went back under enemy fire, picked up the soldier and carried him to the vehicle. When the vehicle was finally rendered inoperative, Major Elkins directed his men to cover and while doing so was captured by the enemy, but subsequently escaped. Under cover of darkness, he walked 20 miles cross country and rejoined his organization in the morning. The courage, perseverance and concern for the welfare of his men with complete disregard for his own, displayed by Major Elkins reflect great credit on himself and his organization and are highly commendable." 1s Summary of the 1st Armored Division "When two German motorcyclists surrendered to 1st Armored Division tankers in Tunisia in November, 1942, they started a precedent that lasted until the end of the European war. More than 40,000 Germans surrendered to the 1st Armored Division in Africa. More than 45, 000 have surrendered in Italy. German infantry divisions like the 362nd and the 162nd have sustained heavy losses trying to stop 1st Armored attacks in Italy. Just one medium tank battalion literally slaughtered elements of the Herman Goering Division above the Anzio beachhead in May, 1944, and this instance was only one of many in the Italian and African campaigns. lt is impossible to compute exactly the number of German tanks, guns and vehicles lost to the guns of the 1 ;t Armored Division, but in even the most conservative estimate the figure runs into the thousands. The success of the 1st Armored Division in 30 months of combat is not due to any one battalion, or to any one arm or service represented by the battalions. The division is a fighting force of tremendous power because all of its 13 battalions have learned the technique of working together smoothly."14 Major Elkins completed his service and was discharged on December 30, 1945. He returned to his home and family in College Station. The first news article found after R.L Elkins returned home shows him behind home plate at the opening game of the College Station softball league with
Ray Perryman at bat. 1s He was a Charter Member of the Sul Ross Masonic Lodge No 1300 and a member of the American Legion Post 541. Colone! R.L. Elkins was a training officer for a special administrative officer's course for the 9807t'n air reserve squadron. Colonel R.L. (Satch) Elkins passed away on July 1, 1972 at the age of 60 and is buried in the College Station Cemetery with a notation on his headstone as a recipient of the Purple Heart. He was a member of our Greatest Generation and should be remembered.
1 The 1933 Longhorn yearbook, Texas A&M College, page 40 2 The Eagle, April 23, 1935, Tuesday, page 6 3 The Battalion, March 2, 1943, Tuesday, page 1 4 wa rfa rehistorynetwork.com/2015/07 /02/the-u-s-cava I ry-boots-sadd !es-tanks/ 5 The Battalion, May 1941, p.2 6 The Story of the First Armored Division, V.E. Prichard, Major General USA, p.5 7 War History Online.com, July 5, 2018, guest author Andrew Knighton 8 Detroit Free Press (Detroit, Michigan} March 1, 1943, Monday page 9, By Ernie Pyle 9 The Battalion, March 1943 10 Jon B. Mikoiashek. General Mark Clark: Commander of America's Fifth Army in World War fl and Liberator of Rome. P.117 11 The St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Missouri) April 8, 1944, p.10, By Ernie Pyle 12 The Bryan Daily Eagle, (Bryan, Texas) May 17, 1944, Wednesday, page 1 13 The Eagle, (Bryan, Texas) June 10, 1944, Saturday, page 1 14 See 6 15 The Battalion (Texas A&M College, Texas) June 13, 1946, Thursday, "Battalion Sports-Play Ball"
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From wariarehistorynetwork.com 7 /2/2015 lessons learned from Hitler's Blitzkreig The US Cavalry boots, saddles, tanks General Chaffee delivered a lecture at the Army War College only a few weeks after the invasion of Poland. He discussed in some detail the success of the blitzkrieg. He concluded: "There is no longer any shadow of a doubt as to the efficiency of well trained and boldly led mechanized forces in any war of movement [and] that they cannot be combated by infantry and horse cavalry alone." He further recommended the establishment of at least four mechanized cavalry divisions in the near future. Herr continued to oppose expanding the 7th Brigade at the expense of horse cavalry, but the War Department was beginning to grow tired of his intransigence. General Marshall ordered war-game maneuvers to be held Aprll 12-25 and May 5-25, 1940, in Georgia and Louisiana, and for the first time a mechanized unit larger than a brigade was to be employed by combining Chaffee's combat cars with some infantry tanks. Several months before the maneuvers, Patton, now a colonel and commander of the horse cavalry at Fort Myer, slipped inside information about the general maneuver scenario and the cavalry's particular mission to the head of the horse cavalry arm in the maneuvers, his friend Maj. Gen. Kenyon Joyce. Patton, who had been uncharacteristically silent for a while, also managed to get himself appointed an umpire for the maneuvers so he could observe firsthand what happened. What happened was that Joyce's horses were unable to keep pace with Chaffee's combat cars, particularly during the fourth phase of the maneuvers. In that phase the great majority of the tanks were on the side of the Red army while the horses were with the Blue. Red, spearheaded by Chaffee's tanks, swept around to attack Blue's flanks. Blue's horses rushed to stop them, but the Red tanks consistently beat the horses to vital unguarded road junctions and other crucial sites. They then defended these sites long enough for Red's line troops, following behind the tanks, to establish positions that critically endangered the Blue army. Even with Patton's inside information, the horse cavalry could not contain the mechanized forces. That same May, German panzers moved quickly into Holland, Belgium, and France. On the last day of the maneuvers, May 25, 1940, an impromptu conference on mechanization was held in the basement of the Alexandria, La., high school. Present were General Chaffee, General Frank Andrews of the War Department General Staff (Marshall's man), and a few others, including, somehow, Colonel Patton. Not included was General Herr, although he was in Louisiana at the time. Those present concluded unanimously "that development of mechanized units could no longer be delayed, and that such units must be removed from the control of the traditional branches to become a separate organization," as Mildred H. Gillie reports in her book Forging the Thunderbolt. On July 10, 1940, General Marshall issued the order creating an Armored Force. General Chaffee was appointed its first commander.
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War History Online.com, July 5, 2018, Andrew Knighton, guest Author German Counterattack at Sbeitla-The Valentine's Day Offensive By early February 1943, the Allies had Axis forces in North Africa contained in an ever-shrinking patch of ground around the ports of Tunis and Bizerte. Though the push to take these ports had run into difficulties, the Allies retained the upper hand. Then on the 14th of February, the Germans launched a counter-attack. In the area around Sidi Bou Zid, the Germans hammered American forces. By late afternoon on the 15th, it was clear that the Americans could not hold the ground they occupied around Sidi Bou Zid. Instead, they needed to pull back to the Western Dorsal mountain chain. At 5 pm, General Eisenhower, supreme commander of the American force, gave the commander of the First Army, General Anderson, permission to retreat. Why Sbeitla? Sbeitla was an ancient city in a strong defensive position behind a deep river channel. It was also the last substantial position before the passes through the Western Dorsal. To manage an orderly retreat, the Americans needed to hold their ground around Sbeitla for as long as possible, to buy time for troops to get through the mountains. If the Germans got through before the army had time to regroup, then they could attack the important supply base at Tebessa and cut off the supply lines of British forces facing Tunis and Bizerte. Panic Unfortunately, the American troops were in a state of disarray. The sudden onset of the German attack caused widespread panic and shattered previously orderly units. Men and vehicles streamed back towards the passes. During the night, German "reconnaissance by fire" - a tactic of shelling positions in which the enemy might be concealed -added to the chaos. If they fired back, then this would reveal their positions and allow the Germans to target them. The sudden appearance of shelling on previously quiet areas, the very essence of reconnaissance by fire, caused panic as men found themselves unexpectedly under attack in the darkness. The roads became clogged with fleeing men and vehicles, as well as the burning wrecks of tanks and transports the Germans had hit. Moore and Hightower Not everybody succumbed to panic, even in these desperate circumstances. On the 15th, First Lieutenant Robert Moore, an executive officer, found himself isolated from his unit, with only his command tank, a wrecking crew, and a kitchen crew. He set out to see what he could do to help. Moore found Lieutenant Colonel Louis Hightower, the commander of a destroyed battalion, and a few other survivors.
This ragtag group organized a rear-guard action east of Sbeitla, to hold up the Germans on their way to the town. For this action, Lt Col Louis Hightower received the Distinguished Service Cross. Robinett Takes Position Meanwhile, General Paul Robinett had been sent in with a force of soldiers and tanks. His role was to carry out the rearguard action needed to cover the retreat. Robinett and his men took up positions southeast of Sbeitla, astride the main road into the town. Hightower, with the units he had pulled together from the ruined American formations, took a position north of Robinett. Throughout the night of the 15th, Robinett's men prepared their positions. Tank destroyers formed the first line, a series of outposts ahead of the main force. Behind them, tanks were concealed in valleys and depressions. Behind that lay the artillery. While they were digging in, engineers blew the American ammunition dump at Sbeitla, to keep it out of enemy hands. The sound convinced some men that the Germans were shelling the city, intensifying the panic of the retreat. The 17th On the morning of the 17th, the Germans attacked Robinett's line in force. Three waves of tanks hit the American tank destroyers, who fought them for half an hour before retreating. Under heavy enemy fire, many kept moving into Sbeitla rather than join the main line and so were lost in the chaos of retreat. The German attack was ill-timed for the Americans. Their artillery was just being repositioned and so was not ready for combat. It provided far less support than Robinett had hoped for. Within an hour of first reaching the Americans, the Germans hit their main line. Gardiner One of the first formations they met was a tank battalion led by Lieutenant Colonel Henry E. Gardiner. Gardiner had hidden his Sherman tanks well despite their high turrets and so the Germans drove straight into a trap. Around noon, Gardiner saw 35 enemy tanks approaching. He held fire until they got close, then had his battalion open up in a volley that stunned the Germans. Fifteen of their tanks were damaged or destroyed and the rest backed off without hitting a single one of Gardiner's tanks. While the Germans regrouped, the American artillery at last got into position. They bombarded the enemy tank formation, further weakening it. At quarter past two in the afternoon, the Germans attacked Gardiner's south flank and the fighting began in earnest. Around this time, the order reached Robinett to withdraw. Gardiner, his battalion in trouble, asked to pull back but was told to hold his ground to cover the withdrawal of an infantry unit. At last, he withdrew under heavy fire. Many of his unit's tanks, including his own, were destroyed, and he escaped on foot, evading enemy tanks by distances of a few feet. Robinett attributed much of his success at Sbeitla to Gardiner and his men.
Aftermath Around half past five, Robinett managed to break contact with the Germans. His troops withdrew through the pass and joined the other Americans preparing to hold the Dorsal. In the rush to retreat they had to abandon supplies, ammunition, and even aircraft. They were, however, saved from far greater disaster by the courageous defense of Sbeitla.
St. Louis Post-Dispc
Pyle Meeh
Outfit He Knew
In Tunisia Days
Like d Home
Weck to Fight Old
Campaigns Over.
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