Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout12/17/2001 - Regular Minutes - Senior Advisory Committee (2) Senior Advisory Committee Regular Meeting Monday, December 17, 2001 College Station Teen Center 1520 Rock Prairie Road 10:00am TES Members Present: Phyllis Dozier, ie Lee Finch, Bill Kling, Billy Lay, Mary Jo Lay, Neal Nutall, S e Reynolds, Jo a Yeager Members Absent: Vallie Broussard, Laura Holmes, Gerald Jordan, Haskell Monroe, Carol Parzen, Helen Siegel I. Call to order. Bill Lay called the meeting to order at 10:20 : IL IL Hear visitors. Peter Lamont was introduced to the co ttee III. Approval of ° utes from regular meeting and workshop of November 26, 2001. The ° utes were approved as circulated. IV. Discussion, consideration and possible action concer ° g Eisenhower Report. The co ittee was given a copy of the itten report and Bill Lay explained that the students presented their report to City Co cil on December 6, 2001. He also reported that co cil's response was positive. V. Discussion, consideration and possible action concer ° g staff reco endations for options on senior progr and facilities. The co ittee was given a rough draft of a proposal prepared by staff for senior progr s and facilities based on the reco endations of the Eisenhower Progr report and the Senior Advisory Co ittee workshop held in November. The co ittee was asked to review and give any suggestions to the proposal. Once approved by the co ttee the proposal will be sent to the Parks and Recreation Board for approval at their January 8th meeting. The final proposal is scheduled for the January 24, 2002 meeting of city council. Phyllis Dozier asked that the second goal under the Senior Advisory Co Itee"Goals" be changed to read, "Structure programs for seniors which enable them to be a viable part of the College Station community" (change: the word permit was replaced with enable) In order to meet Short Term Goals for Senior Programs the following suggestions were given: • Use senior volunteers to help with registration or other activities • Emphasis in marketing community as a great place for retirees • As the city investigates transportation, it is important to consider... - easy access from buses or other forms of transportation, into the facility - central pick-up locations with easy access - specialized transportation needs for disabled - consideration of free transportation for seniors on Brazos Transit Bill Kling moved that the proposal be accepted with the suggestions made by the co ittee. Neal Nutall seconded the motion. The motion passed. VI. Report from Senior Services Coordinator. (report attached) VII. Next meeting date and agenda. The co ittee will meet on Monday, January 28, 2002 at 10:00. VIII. Adjourn The co ittee adjourned at 11:30am Company Name Here Memo To: Bicycle Planning Team From: Judy Do s CC: Mark Smith Date: 07/31/01 Re: College Station#3 finally -nt over to campus and copied this article. I thought should have it if - -re going to keep quoting it to everybody! Also, I have the State Data Center forking on the bicycle mode splits from the 1990 Census. It is on summary tape file and - will probably have to pay for the information. The State Data Centers building s condemned (can you believe it), and they are in the process of moving, so it will take a couple of -eks. 7 11,1 4-11 , ) CA/ I 1- 411/1 --11 •Page 1 .;ikiiig-''. ' H : :.i't :. aagg . ..' , -f-'i i ? .. '1!--g,:-:- , , -..t'i,--. -.I'41 Promoting Bicycle Commuting: .. ., ,. , ,, , , , r„ t ,,,..,Iii,‘:, :. , :_,„, .„..,.,, , , ,,,,,„ , '4-4-4'.:,;: , , 3 ::::'-iitA'',41. .c , , , _, i , ,„,„.. ..,..4 p-,ty y ._ r i 3 ***:3-t [.L:r.. 1 ; This paper provides a demographic profile of the bicycle commuter and f , _ ': '2:7.er explores government and community efforts to successfully market I .� 1 £_ bicycle commuting to American workers. An integrated approach is 1 J recommended for communities,:;,,',,c,,,,riii ,. °interested in encouraging people to select j i 1 . the bicycle as a transportation alternative.The data used in constructing 1 ' ,,, . of the typical bicycle commuter comes from the 1 8o and l . q ;; a profile y 1 C} 7 ,: Public Use MicrodataSample Files (PUMS) compiled by the U.S. Census i E ' 4. ,-., Bureau. These microdata files are a valuable resource for producing1 , ' ,° All 1 1 iiii,,, detailed tabulations of demographic characteristics for bicycle ; I .. ; E'=p y commuters and other similar subpopulations. , a r y ' . ',:iF--,°;?, ., . ; , i „79 Williams-',..,:if: . ' 1 1,,-1-::, -:=. 1: i 1 , '..,,, k changed with twopieces of federal le ! 1 1, - ', . 124.11-:-1tt,,:::„1:.» mericans love their cars. But - 1 , ; ! 111: » islation: the 1990 Clean Air Act and, : ; ' ! ;1 °t the car culture of the 1950s more significantly,nificantl the 1991 Intermodal that promised freedom and. ,'I I,a -114.-:;!:-..- wide open spaces has led in the Surface Transportation Efficiency Act ;" k`:..- 1111":',F,- 1I-'11''' 1990s to dependence and gridlock. Ac- :, �:���� .. ISTEA . The Clean Air Act sets stricter � i ; .�.&� p g r w. cording to the U.S. Census, the number standards for air quality and requires !' : regions to developmethods to reach corn-� ? i of people driving to work,alone increased { dramatically between 1980 anti 1990,. pliance, including bicycling as a trans- , ;# During that period the U.S. labor force portation alternative.The greatest boost i'II� to bicycle commuting comes from this ' 'ir' 44,1i7:,, � grew by 19 million jobs, but 22 million ' ' ` 1 ,:,1;•;'1:1„-, ypolicy requirement and $155 billion in ' ' ;, ;3` more people began driving to work alone. ,, 1I 1 f '::i;''''''if' In the decade between 1980 and 1990, funding available to states and commu-- ,1 1•_:„4. driv- nities to develop transportation facilities '14 3 - ; the proportion of American.workers Y v and plans, including integrating pro- , ! , ti ing to work alone increased from 64 per- , . -. cent to 73ascent. grams and facilities for bicycling. ;-1' 1 ! ;11141d1- --, 1, . „- ry p Betz,Dustrude and Walker describe ��,' i -,_ In the late 19'70s and into the 1980s, I I,li 1 '1i:tit'' .-",..-,,,-„,,,44,f;,..-, the federal government unsuccessfully americans increasing attraction to bi- r. iiii. b '' i sought to alleviate urban congestion cycling as an alternate form of transport. ' , , ii.:„.„ sic This trend has been accelerated by con- i i .ger, through a costly series of promotions and 1'1' . ` terns about the environment, improved ! ,li i I t .. t programs heavily geared toward park ' ' .:},,,,,,,.1'„; "€ health benefits and cheaper transport 1,1:11,11 ' } `' -'1 and ride transportation. Bicycling as an � � alternate mode of transportation played costs.Several surveys show more Amen- i� ih 11,..„1.;-f . .-'1:1'1:'-‘11%-.1'5';'''.-' '" ap p y cans are bicycling. While estimates of f' � �` virtuall--.±,!„.-1:4-4.-srig!..!1-, y no part in these efforts. ThatTill! ' }:- };--,--.Iii:,--q:',-,4:::,,' TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY,vol 50,No. 3,Summer 1996(67-78) ,i l; } ir ©1996 Eno Transportation Foundation,Inc., Lansdowne,Virginia di i } ..',.1:7';'1,.‘filf4:- i 4 u< y 1K°, ,•''•® t> 1. 1, 1. ';I t . 1 A. I t Ili' a _. ..........,.. 1_. .�.r»..._ ,...:_._».�._._.».V�....�.7.::.«»w......+w..:....:.�....;. .w�i.n :', �.�....�,...«riw•�,in.+�.v-.<'.�r.» _..r•-.1,1� • �t> v , s .., . . , , ,_ - ., --- _ :_...., °:: ,,-,'' r,-.;i:,°''_:', _ '.,'. - '::::-.1:::::.'::-, 3 . :::::::-1-,.--.' r-r- f F f; :::-:.$:.C"1"--':.!,,,:l'',!"-it,1111 .I e .. , ..v . T4s . . , ... . , ...- . - ,...- - -,,,,,-v-_:-',. i''''::'r'''' .,. 4,- t.:,. .... rl 41111i 1111 I' --„, ,T,i i:11 11 TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY AI H'itil '!' *11- 1 ;11 i ; adult cyclists range from 48 million to to attracting new bicycle commuters. As .;',5,;;!..-...,:_, selec .- . ,,,,, 70 million, a 1991 Harris poll showed Edmondson observes, "Like skilled mar- :.,,,- of bic '-''1 1 1 46 percent of Americans aged 18 and keters, planners must craft strategiesi.:4::.:-- age, - 4.t.' ,.-i--- 1 older had ridden a bicycle in the last year. rooted in consumer information . . .,, ,-,-, . ti ',ik i : *.C-. incor Goldsmith explains however,that nearly geogi -414 all bicycling is considered recreational. . , . ,_ . _ '-.1:1-.* of bi M h d I 1;.--i.. He adds that murmurings in support of et o o ogy - ti:L..:. pare, expanding opportunities for bike com- 't:57'' ideni muting do not necessarily translate into tweek--:- Th ' 'fill',IiLil. '- individuals choosing to use bicycles to- file of the cycling commuter comes from ..--i.:;.4-... 1-if.:A get to work. U.S. Census data for 1990 the 1990 Public Use Microdata Sample 1.:::,.., are t :...tittl reveal that just under a half a million Files (PUMS) prepared by the Bureau of 17,-,,_ dicti: 'ali,;.;,11:11 workers,or about four-tenths of one per- the Census. Unlike summary data, fii: to w il'...,'-;kii:- ' cent of the U. S. labor force rely on a where the unit-of analysis is a geographic .,',-.,-,.:,..- bicy( 410i-,--iii 4 : '04 Tj.:1.1. , ..„ . bicycle as their primary means of trans- area, microdata files contain records for : cent. illiA-:-.411% portation to work. a sample of housing units and the indi- : smc, IP:11!II ' Despite the low percentage of bicycle viduals who live in those housing units. '11:,:.; 75% commuters, the potential for bicycles to The 1 percent version of the PUMS gives i-;:':: mut ..,,,,... l'ilt, 1,4r:, , become an effective alternate mode of the user records for about 2.5 million -,:i-.-, and if3;I...ICI':' transport is great.According to the 1989 individuals. These microdata files allow 1::::;,-- This Nationwide Personal Transportation Sur- researchers to produce detailed tabula- V: the lt .t.,. 111,., -1vey, many work trips are short enough tions of characteristics for specialized f- seqt lh,ii:7!ill..1 to use a bicycle. The study found that sub-populations. i41';: shcys VA liiiiii' I.. 27 percent of travel trips are one mile or The Census asks a sample of about .-1:-:-.-i... mut AO'11-1.11.1i less; 40 percent are two miles or less; 16 percent of all households questions :-: Mali -ziteljt and 49 percent are three miles or less. about employment, income, education -:,:::: mai, r......,,,,, ''.-11-6';'-',..-'11-iiii 1 ' Certainly, barriers to bicycle corn- and many other items. After identifying -, ratic Ild'ill li:,i I muting still remain. Researchers at the those persons who are employed at all, ' University of North Carolina Highway the census form asks,"How did this per Ai f.,'„ill'IT!,, ' Safety Research Center reviewed trans- son usually get to work last week?" If portation surveys and developed a list of more than one method was used, the the most commonly offered reasons for respondent must select the mode of not bicycling to work. Among them: transport used for most of the distance. .._ !if,,,1, i'-911.t ' The respondent could select from items ::,- 11.4.."..44-.:14,,,; . Length of trip and travel time such as car, truck or van, bus or trolley, .:-. It.' ' ',(:!! fi:'ikltr'.il'Iftl'' a Absence of safe places to ride subway or elevated, railroad, ferry, taxi- ‘1.1.-:, ., (.. Lack of secure bike parking and cab,motorcycle,bicycle,walked,worked -:,,: AI! showers at work at home, or other method. Fear of crime In this study,persons who identified ci":7-1:il 1111 tit!! ', 1 l::11,1t) "bicycle" as the predominant mode of IF li While transportation literature ex- transportation were compared to those 1it4.1 i., i i; plores stated reasons for decisions commuting to work by other means. S: iitiFlil ''1' against biking to work,less attention has Those who worked athome were ex- been devoted to the characteristics of cluded from the analysis. those who do commute to work regularly using a bicycle. Understanding those "_,. :11ill A'.I-? :.,, iiesults 1111.51.1::, ' 11. fsapcotnorssesmtoaythheeplperccreafivtedapnpereodpsrioaftbe icryei ---,-- ,, ..''',.:.:' gi-,:, clists and develop effective approaches Nine demographic variables were '-'17. So 68 Ri - 4i:;' kit' :;::', 111. 1 li, fl . ..,.: PROMOTING BICYCLE COMMUTING: UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER i,i , .1:. h '. 1,1.:','' A H M. ,..-s. As -!i':.'t;i2 selected to examine the characteristics age. For persons under 25, the ratio of killed mar- -'.7:;- of bicycle commuters, d including:gender, men to women is about 3.5 to 1; but for strategies age,4 age, ethnicity, work status, occupation, persons 45 to 54, it is almost. 6 to 1•. ion . . ." income, education, marital status and Men are far more likely to be bicycle com- --- geographic location. The characteristics muters up into their 40s and 50s. Fe- .1. of bicycle commuters were then com- male riders are more likely to be under ''-- , , - -If pared to those of other commuters to age 35. In fact, 75% of female bicycle .t identify similarities and differences be- commuters are between the ages of 15 :ting a pro- -:-;.Wtween the two groups. and 34. , owes from T-4-:_. Age and Gender - Gender and age Since bike commuting is closely tied ,ta Sample -4 are the two most powerful factors in pre- to age, the increase in births during the III i If,: Bureau of 4 dicting whether a person will commute late 1970s and 1980s should produce a tary data, -1,-;-, to work by bicycle. Nearly 80% of all modest increase in the number of per- --. geographic :: bicycle commuters are male. This per- sons using this form of transport. -ecords for .--'7..'..i-* centage has actually increased slightly Marital Status-Figure 2 shows that ,,,A, d the indi- ''.2,7.' since 1980, when the percentage was compared to other commuters, bicycle ,, Sing units. ';'::::-3.' 75%. The total number of bicycle com- commuters tend to be single.This is con- UMS gives muters declined slightly between 1980 sistent with the age patterns shown '.5 million .,,-.'....5: and 1990, from 471,000 to 461,000. above, since the younger one is, the less files allow :Pr This is probably due to the deflating of likely one is to be married. However,the ...-,'d tabula- ''''''''''' the baby boom in the 1960s and the con- tendency for bicycle commuters to be .-:..:„..-;„: pecialized ,-':','.1..!. t sequenaging of the population. As we unmarried persists even when age is con- ..1-1 show in Figure 1,the propensity to com- trolled. For each agegroup, the rate of 2, of about '-1) mute to work by bike declines with age. commuting by bicycle is highest for those , •. ...„„, questions ,.?•!:.!il, Male bicycle commuters outnumber fe- who have never married, and second 11 ': i! Tv., 11!!!:' 2ducation11,,,,,,I, males in all age categories. However,the highest for those who are divorced and der ving -,f,:„.1.-1 ratio of men to women increases with separated. The widowed have the low- !Il ! ' !iik•ii., 7et, all, I this per- ': -1 Figure 1 Bicycle commuters per 1000 total. commuters by age 1111. '11 iiiri meek?" If .1, ![ i1 11.-..,.... ..,.... used, the II i- 1! 44, .-IM :1 1 mode of 'Illi-.-:':::' distance. -om items '',-:... .----' ...::.'.•:::::.:::.•::.j:::::::aiiiiiifii.iiiii: -I.' : ,iii!'.1. „:„.,„ 10 •:::..iiiiiii .:.:•iiiii,:3,iiiiiiiiii7.:: 111:!i' :!iil,.:: or trolley, ...........,.........„.........,. ...•••••••••••••.•••• !!rry, 11 :'1; 1,. -• taxi- worked '-,;':,-1 -c--f-.11:::.. ••••••......„....... ••••••••.........••• .•••••••••.......„ 1,!! ,1 ,,i,,. . ..•••••••••••...„. 1:11', i . I',. - ,••••................•••• .....•••... , identified .--.:,,„f.• 6 - .?..:::::••••••••••::::::•?..*::::ii:.iff:gt.:::::ii: ..,!zoiiisi:,:,.:::i:i:., LILL !iiii .. .::.::::::iii:.•:i*:::::.*:::::::iiiiiiiiii:i*:. ..,:iii,:::,...K,:i*.i.,:.:i*.i:K:i ,1,,,,; ,, •••••.••.••...••••• .........,.....,.,........,.. mode of ---,:'''.1.. ••.••••••••••••...•......,.....,....„....„ l!i!,.:!!., r.li to those '!-:,!.-:- ".....iiii:.i...iii':iiii"::iiiii:iiiiiiiii:i•ii'Mii.':::::.ii„:::::::iiiiiliiiiiii:::::i- .. . d1HH 1 ; means. -..;,..; •••••:iff::::.:'::•:••••••;.:*::i:i::.:i:1:i:i*::•:•::::•••::::.::::•:::.**:,:i**i::*i ....::Kii:E:if:**:***:::i*:- ....::::if::::i*::?;:: .....„,......„,„ . ,, - 1 -"•"-••••••-••••••••••-•,,,,,••••••••••.•••••.:,:,••••:.:-:-:.:•:.;,. ------......---•••:-:-:..x.x.:•:-.. ....x.x.x.x.:....:._, ,...,„,.,,,:„.„.... •........................w.........,,...................•••..••,.,....„,. ,„,..„...„. ,..„„.......m,: .,............., , , , were ex- -„,!-...,-..... •'•••• '•*•••''•'••••••—••• .,..........• •-••••••:-:.:.:. ....,,,,,,,,,,:-:.,,,,,,,,::. „.„.:„:„..,,,.:.:„.,...:.:.:.:.:„. ::-•::-.::::::::.:::::.:::::::::ii:::=1,::::iiiiiiiliii:::::::i*::::g:::::::::::...::::Kii§1.8 iii:•••:i:::•:::::::::::1::::.iiiiiiiiiiiiiiii .:-:-.`'''''.-.E:i:itiiisiiiiii:i .....:::i.:i:i:i:',:i:i*K:i:i:.:,:iii::::: / , I!,i, , -• -2,..'11 -....::.:::::.:.:::::::.x.....0,,, .........:.x.:,.....c.,,,,,:: ............:.:,... „:„.:„....., :„..:„.„,,,,,,. ,:.„....,..„................, , , ,!1; :,11 .• ---° „,„.....„..:•:.:.:.:.:•:...... •::,..:.:....:..•:,.....,,, :•:::.:::....:::::.: :.:. , :::„.. . ,.„:„....:::::::::..„ 7.:::::::V:::::::::::..:.'7,.• ...:...:':::.:"::::::::.::..:.t:-• ..- :::::::::::::::::::,... ,.... / ' 11)1 , IT 0 '''' ii 15 to 24 25 Ito 34 35 to 44 45 to 54 55 and over . ,I • , 1 ,. [es were ::-.,:,,...1: Source: 1990 Census,PLIMS file, 1%sample .1111 i I . ,...;. . 69 :41?4,1 . 7.1i4.....,!,., I 1 . -. ... - ..,,-,--- ...•• -,.,- .....,.....„,....,....,,., , ....,, _ .., . ..., .. ,,...... ..,...,....,..,-.,,,,,, _„........,, ,..„,4,.•-,,,,,4,-.,,„-,4,1....4.4,-.-..,.,, 4 ,- _,4.•3 -..4.•-... ' ' ' ",".''."''"'"4- '. .,.- ,-•,.....4..,-- 4,, .... ,.,4 •4,,.-,, ..,., - ,,., .. . , • ..,.,,,,,,,,,,,_r.„,..„...,.i. " .' " , .' ,; --:-.:-..."-..;"'/,".",-:,".--.,---..''';':---":;',."-:•''',':''''"'''''[:-. ..'..["':"-'''-'::1--'4"--C':."...'-"''..:''":I:'k;;'i 14,'-'1'-i':;-.,-,'"i:i'',-":',T4‘i:"^l--.4', f:ir.:4"---1.;:"-:.;,-:i,"::', ;;;;;: •:ftiNI'';":":-'iii.V - -'... - ,'- ".. „-:-• ,-''.."„, 1-_-.,'".4 ---- ---,''":--,j'.""'-:-"";:,._:"•'•',".:::"."'-::1',.•."':':7-;.`2,,,-.1,i'','"1:•,","1":"::-ill,.*;':',,,-Lt-"','._',..t_t'',Lt:';;:'.I',..'',4i-,,1-,:Z'-7;7i-.',C1.1.--;'4:-;', :::),,',''-',::',V";'-''j-,:--':‘iig'Alkr'irtAJ:tZli'"V+;;ti51::-;''•140,11?'34.44Y-41,4-Atilitittiet,",';_"[!•.,JAIV",.0,NAVIA-V.,4-- I -''-.'-' " -:,",'"-,...:S. ..--:"..' '-- ' - :,".::-"•-----'"'::-'';';'''''I.:."-'",...•1"-"'i::':"''.'..''`:'..',..1-;:I:-'-'•..'-'':;,'.' -''''':::1---.-';.:01::".!'-'451;Y:-.:,i;4-it':i1;.1'M'177.i'lj-;!,'''',:'::-neVntaltitArl-::;;Hifiit'471*111 .1i'";11"KAIllit'L:t.,,::131ftt3: 44ggi:t.'''":Vlti:'';':'ilt;,W"t"I''';4'll;'":' ,,,,: .: :.,e, ,.::.,,„:,..;.,,, , _:,, ., ,_.,„,__,,::::::,,..._,-,,,,,_',,,.„„„..."-,,.•,.,, °,.',.,",..,,,.•„`;„•,,,,,,,,,',.::: i.a:',.:,, ,,,,,:14!„-„"t",f..:,,,::,,,,,T4,,,:,,n,'„,q,a1-14.„:•r2,41,,,,,,,,,",,'--,,,,!;i.-;;;4•41.1441,-,:ip*,;-...:4A*-it'X',..,',PI,:"14';',"? j-••••!:7,,,t.i.,tt--0--,...:A4 TI-,-;-:.';...i''c-,.jt4.'“, +V-,-'*'T:'-2':':":-W.:;'''j'1;7;''''''''',';'-'-''''''''''.T''''''' - ''-"' " '' :- '''-' '-''---'-'"'''''''-'-'"'"' '---s''':-•'''''-2:-'''-•'7-'-'''---'--'--i,`--,:-':',..':';',-.'-',,,-1,..';42:;:.':?.:'-i-qiifki.47-4.?''.4,1":;if,-.1.--,;:rir:Y::4-An'V,I,i,....1.4,:g.:-..wo:470,,,,..,,,,,- .~,,.-..,..„--,....,..,..-,,,,,..,,,,,----,-:-..,-.,...,„.,,••-...,.,....,,.,,.. ,,,,,-.._. ..,„. - , I .5_.. ,:::1,,,,,...,...„. .-ii.. et-,, i A., -----i. „,,R.' F TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY _,,..v,,,,,,,,,,, est commuting rates in every age cat- t t determinants of bicycle commuting. ---:'-i,i.:J,5:::- earirsdbrny egory. To begin with, the distance from work- -',t1:::'! . .. .............................................::: Race and Ethnicity - Riding a bi- place to residence must be short enough ,-7*,'..tk-,:j:„ s000nmnrne] P4t- A 1, cycle to work is not distributed propor-. to allow reasonable commuting time. -:-ii, . _i_ tionately among all racial and. ethnic cat- While the PUMS Census file does not -7.:;,.,..%',.:;-.., InFigs egories, as we can see in Figure 3. The provide direct data on.distance to work, ,.,Nr,,„.._,:'S worke: census allows respondan.ts to .select the it does report travel time. Bicycle com- r::::-... with s, racial/ethnic category with which they muters report a shorter travel time than i!i,.:::5:.: per 10 most closely identify-. In this table we other workers. On average, bike con- ,i...,... - etisvtefosIr have combined a number of detailed cen- muters arrived at work about 16 mm- 2_ . sus codes into very broad racial/ethnic utes after they left home, compared to .-,.,- To.sin..t, groupings. Blacks are the least likely to 22 minutes for persons using other - i th - t!n ti commute by bicycle,followed by Whites means. ''''''...' ries IT * .-1-.!.':' - Asians American Indians and. Hispan- A second employment factor is . 1t,.-.-. msoongrnee ,„,...t.„ . ics in that order. Hispanics,Asians, andwhether the person works at a job full- .... comm American Indians are more likely to be or part-time for the entire year. Less than '74,..!. found m Mountain and Western.states, half(44%) of bicycle commuters are full- 1:6,5tt, makir where bicycle commuting is highest time workers all year. In contrast, 63% .... ;(1 4 Since many members of the Hispanic and of those using other means of transport -z,,,.:it.:-.11:E:,...' , tion, . k-43-,- states A.,,,,,-,-„. Asianpopulations have recently immi- work full-time. grated to the United States,they may be . To analyze the relationship between :::'':(1;:::::..-- out th influenced by the extensive use.of bi- bicycle commuting and type of employ- _..,....,..f .,:.:- plain„ ,._ cycles for transport found in Latin and ment, several hundred census occupa- _ .:7,,briti,ic....-i,-,. muirri.di Asian countries. tional codes were combined into seven lig farm, „„..,, .... •- Employment - In additior.i .to age, broad categories. The bicycle commut- it, rf't..11E'',:,'..'1.'--'..-,,:,,,▪ ,' Pers°: gender,marital status and ethnicr.ty,fac- in rate for each category was calculated _:.;:---tr'f. thou{ ......._,., .., tors related to employment are impor- 4111, bydividingthe number of bike commut- Xl..,::-. broad . ..... Figure 2 *,•;;.j..,.5,-° ! -' Bicycle commuters per 1000 total commuters by marital status ..,...... .te, .... .,,,,..,. ..-- .. . . •-, , _•il,4.• •'• • ”K.,-,,If,i1.::;::::•▪ :.' , ,4.... ,.,. • ...................................................... • ::--raii:'•'•' •-••-t••..- • • ••• ,- . x . .--r. _777. .........!.!.?.::•.il..1..li...1.:::..!.1.::.i.1..i.::...:.1.:.1...:..: ••,...•••••,.„,„„„„„ -.,....,.4. , 1,•'•4•:','. •L • -,...., .-.;;•':•i''''., j el •••••••..„.„,,,,,,,,,,,.. „...., •;,-, .•;•..-woe, * ..t„, • • 'Z:-...; ;•-4- j -,,,, ,...„. _ 8 - -::1:,,k... :,..',•-, :if.,...5.,:,..,,,,,-. ,., . H':±#11:•;::::::- .:;iit HI li.c: 6 - .....,........•..."..'...•:••••••........:.:•:...:......::.:::`......:::.:•*:.i....i..:•:...i..i•••-...:•.:•:•..!•...•::...i....•::-.........•::•-.....:..:::.:;•...i ••••••••••„. . ,••••••••.... .••.......••••••••.....„. • ••••••••••••••• -.-;•„-,..,1.-,..:;.: -4--i10---::::-:-- ill •:-',.:1,.1: . •••.••..•_.••• .....••• .••••••„..,... •. „......•••••• - • • ••••••,,,,...„.„„flt .•:...i:ii.i.:iiiiiii.:;iii.iii•?: .]:-.:.:::::::::•••::...::.:•.::::::::Uliiiii,iiiiii•iii.:: ...iii:..iii;iiiiiiii;iiii::.:iiiiillii.::i. --:iiai.:.:::....:•:::.:"..::i:::.:,.,...::::•:::iiili::iliiiii::::::ii ...,,..„:3,07,,,;,,,,:::: 4 - ..„,,,iiiiiiii:::•Iiiiliiiiii::ii.: ... :•.:?:::•...*:::::•:•.ii.ii:,:iiii.iiliii::iiiliii?:•.:-: '..:::•:•••:::.::: :iii:•.:•:.::::i.iiiiii•iiililiiiii.*::: , _....„.„,,•,•,,,, IL:1;..- '.-itl i,': .....:::..,:ii$i!.i;'...;:iii•:::::::::::liiii,:-.11i ..,;,:iiii:iiiiiiiiiiiii:N: i.:',1::*.:::.*::::iiiiii::.:.:Eiiiiiiii?..: . :i77 •• ••••-- ........,,,,,,,,,,...• :••••••••••:-.........,.... ,,,,, ...-....:•:.:•:••••....:,,,,,,,,,.:., ••...........,.. ••....,.,.. .••••••,.........,...., ......................„......... ...„....................,.....,... •••••,••••••••_•,..., ...,,.......„..,...„ .........,............„...- .......................•••...„..• •.•:•••••-• . ....._ •....,......,.......,....,.... ••••............„........,......., ...,....,.......„.........., ••••••••••,.. •........„. ..... • . ,..........,- ........•..•.„.........., „••••••••••..,•,.........., 2 - i*::.1i1.1i'il::*:i.:...:::iiiil.:',:ig:: ::::i'f:•:i:ii .. -CW.: VI* !: .•.•:::••.•,.•,:... •,.,•.•,•„..-- . ..•..,•_•,..,,.:„,• , ..•..,....... ,,,,„ ..„,„ .................,:: ,...............,......:„., .....„................ .. - . ,,,„,. 1: 11.1 .. „ii .' Widowed Never Married ,,,::,,,,::",, ,,,.„, -„,. -,!!:).1?,:•*''''' -,,,,,,-----r_ ...,,,,,-,:. ,_,,, I ' rif;A 1 , Ma rried Separated or Divorced , „ .. Iv • • ,....„„, , -,...:,., Soure Source: 1990 Census PUMS file 1%sample 70 lil1-111 it I, :1:1 PROMOTING BICYCLE COMMUTING: UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER ,;?.:,...vV.,.:.,,- i.l.' , ,,:fAvyf.,f%4.:',. . by the number of total commuters male. Since all are also outdoor occu- 11 Ling. .',..',1,„,,,.iiii-: i:,:if,A,,,s ers . . potions,individuals would not be as con- om work- :..iCW.::',.11.:.?..,. and multiplying by 1000. Military per- ..,'...44„4,,...-4:ii+-','. . ,rt enough ,,-,i„---ct,filillrki-.:-.. sonnel have the highest rate of bicycle cerned about having a place to shower :ing time. 7,,,4;Vi-11'?"/ ''' commuting at 9.7 per 1,000 as shown and change clothes before starting to :Vi.:,,,,tr,Fi .,, • I 111:::, does not ,i-v,;:f4.44:-: in Figure 4. Farm, forestry and fishing work. e to work, ‘-::=Ii.t7,1:;::...:-.1.:.;. workers ranked second at 7.5 per 1,000 The relatively high rate for service ycle com- 1-1,111: ' , with service workers close behind at 7.3 workers must be interpreted differently. time than ,I:$14-1, per 1000. Bike commuting rates are low- Included in this group are personal ser- per 1000. bike com- -.7t7;fr---1' est for workers in the salesiadmmistra- vice workers, food service, and house- --.,24-i-,,.- t 16 min- ',..".iN71-',:.': tive support category at 2.7 per 1,000. hold workers, as well as protective and ' q, npared to 'i?'.5f-:.,' To interpret these results, the charas health service workers. Service workers v,3,' .- - ing other -41 ,. teristics of the different employee catego- are often part-time and have lower pay ries must be considered. Military per- rates. In addition, they are typically .,,.. ..„ , .,......,. factor is .*:i',V,I,,-( sonnel are primarily young males, a de- younger than other workers. Although ,,,-.4.• I r It,f, a job full- ...-:.;i.? mographically favorable group for bike women outnumber men m the service Less than ... commuting. Moreover, many military category,the effect of these other factors ..—,. r'S are full- personnel live on or very near bases, is strong enough to produce a higher fre- :rast, 63% ^,-;.:';',' making for a short commute. In addi- quency of commuting by bike. „, - ;-:,„4 . • transport j..i-,,c tion, many military bases are located m Sales and administrative support states that enjoy good weather through- workers are least likely to use a bicycle p between ,....i.t.'„,. out the year. These factors all help ex- to get to work. Women outnumber men It' 1 1,14 )f employ- 4,ii- plain the higher commuting rate for the by 2 to 1 among these workers, a factor .,., s occupa- -,-;:i'..;;1; military, which doubtl.ess accounts for much of ,,,,. , nto seven .-.1.;'..---,:. The same considerations exist for the lower participation. Moreover,these commut- 4: farm, forestry and fishing workers. Al- workers may be more concerned about ' i di 1 :11:A calculated ',...!,,,,.;;: though the age range is somewhat personal appearance on the job, whichii ! • ii,,z, IHi cornmut- :....,,15:1 broader, the category is overwhelmingly may mitigate against use of a bicycle if i[ 1 III Figure 3 41 Bicycle commuters per 1000 total commuters by race/ethnicity I, , • ,,,1,3,-, ....'-'1V)i .*:•::::::::::::::::::-:•:.x. _ , ,,-, 11, 7 --777/1.' ..-::::::::::::::::,,,,,::::::::..-:•:.:••••:•:-:•:•::::::.:::-:-:-:-:. ------'V,W.,,,,,e•••,••..N.•.•••.•'VW%A V V,” ::+:.:.:'.:.:%."...........:.:..:.:...•:.:•:......:••X....X.:4.X '. , I 1•, -1.1)41".,tr:.. ..——..•.•••••.•.••.•••.••—•,,,,,,,,„ •..........................w.w..•••••••••,.............% •....•••••.•••..•••• ••••••••• .......... ,li:.;'., 1.,, i ,'11,;,.. ,,,, •••••••.•.•••••••••••.••••••••...,....%%. 6 — •••••••••••••••••••„••••••••••• ........ ....,..... .-...:-:-:-:•;•:•:-:•:-:•:.:-.::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::;:::...::::-.::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::: i, i ...' : ,7,1 il 5 — .-:,:iiliii::•ili::iiiliX ................... ........._,.......w........................... ••••••-----------••••••••• ...... ......... ......... ••••••••••••„•••.. .••.....• .... ...................... •.. • .. •..:.....•, ......••••••„•••••:„.„:„.....,„--„,„............:.:„....,-,•.,,,,,,,,,,,,......•-••••••,.:.:.:.:.:*:'''.:::.':::'.....x.x.......x. , , ,‘ , ,.....,::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::.• ,.,. . : ,i, , -,114 ,.,.............,.....w.,...., , ........••.• iiiii::::::?:::.:iiii iiiiii:iiiiiiiiiiii:::':iiiiif:::::::::..:.:::ii:ii:iiiiiliiiiiiii i::::::-::•::::if;:i::i*:i:::KIK:1: -,,:iiii ::::::::::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::: .........„..,..,„.......,...,..........,.,,,,,,,,,,...,............••••••*:•:•:•:. 1 ! i.,! A ................„,...„............... ...„...........-•••.............„..........••..........„,..........„.....,,,..„., 4 — :i:::::::::::::::::.**;;K:Kigi*::: ..:,•;:i:iii:r:iii:i:i*iiiii iiii::::.*:-..:.::..iiiiiiiii:iliii:iiiiiiiii iiiii:.:.:.i:•?:;.:)..i...i:.:iiiiiiiiiii:K::;:.:.:;.:?..:::.::.*:.:,.....:i*i....,:,::::::::: •••••-•••••••• ••••••••••••••••••••..........•„....„.••••••••••......„... •........ ......... ••..•••••..••..••••.••••••.••..•,..•••...,..,....,..............,......,...,.....,............. ....,...........,............, ••••••:•••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••,...... ....••••••••••...„..„.....„_.........,....................,....... 3 — :•::•::::::•••:•:•::.,iii,ii.:::::Mi.;i::,:•:•.:,:i.i...:-:.:•iii:- ...ii:•giii:§iiiiis...E.:::::::.ii:::::::.::::ii:iii,:iiisi;..iiiiisi!i i:::::::::::•:::.iix:::ti::::::,:***:;,.:i::::::i:iiiiii:i:•::*,:mi*:•: , ; , .. . .. .., . .. . ,, -1-1; -•••••••----------•••••-•—•••••••..••••••,..•••.•••••••••.••••••••• .......„ ......... ••••-••••••-•-•-•-•-••••••••-------...••.....„......... ...........,..,......................_ .••••••••.„.„....•---...---„,...........,..... ••..................•.............„..... .......„ ...... — •:•:::::.:::::::,-,.:::•:::•::•:.••••••••-••••••• -••••••••-------....„.••••,..•••••.. •„...................„,„ !I i ' 1.1 '4 2 iiii*::•:::-.•?*:-:::::::?:si;:::f:,§iiii.ii.:.,1::•N::::.:::i.::::ii!liliill'iiiiiii*::::*.x:::::•:.*:ii:iii.:.?iiiiii:•.:31iiii..:ii...:::::::.?..?:iiiii iiii?,i:Iiiisiziii,:::::::i...:.:::::.•:::::.:::::.:K§§,:iiii.:.?... , : HI, — :•••:::::: :::•:::::::::::i',..-::::.:::::::'"-,.:::::::::::::::ii::::;,:::.1::i::::.:3:::3::"*::::::::::::::::::::::::...0:::::::ii::;:*.j'..:::iii::::::i*ii.:.iii:,$:::Ei--: :::::.::::::::::::*:g•:,:;p7 1 i ,„, Black I American Indian il,' White Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic qi, .4.- ,TO Source: 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample .• li; 71 .,_.-1-1,•.'-- i I ..',. . .',1 , ..,....,-,.. . .............-: . , . , • ----,.,- -,---„,...v;.-.1,2 . . ''''' ' ' - '',/_,*_:'-`'...0'.4-:„:7-1,1t;1.5:::::::;',:;.• ,.-,---.',:f."-!----:?-i-',-..----,,,':-.-:::::-2.:- V .---,.4?-4-t'---- , ,,,,-:ii-4,-:: ......... : ,.-., , . t1,; "i.,;'-..,.„:.:-..;!--:- - .:„.9,. .., . .. TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY :I ri.--:,,i4- --:-t-T-',:,---."-,-.-- F 1 A ' -1 1.--,:44-1. -...,....:.,..„_r...: ......t.,,, no shower facilities are available. commuters in the 45 to 54 age group tilt! i% ii Income and Education-Given what have a mean income of $35,580, corn- we have learned about the employment pared to a mean income of$34,624 for q„..,..,,, characteristics of bicycle commuters, it all commuters in this age group. In the _. i :t..;..., Agf is not surprising to find that as a group, 55 and over group, those who ride bi- .-- ... bicycle commuters earn less money than cycles to work also have a higher mean Cr:: 15-2 the rest of society. Since most bicycle income. '':.,-;:';'- 25-3 commuters only work part-time, it is .',,:t..:; The higher mean income for older bi- i•,,I4,-,-s 35-4 .▪. ,. RI,-----:: more instructive to look only at full-time _ cycle commuters suggests a different ti;i: 45-4 . .. ., workers. Table 1 contains data on in- motive for riding to work. If money is not I::.. 55 a ''.1........,, ' ...C V.,... t come levels by age for full-time workers a factor in the decision, personal health . I... — with different transportation preferences. or environmental benefits may be other - .filf„..2;i Tota The average income for all bicycle corn- possible motivators.The greater flexibil- muters is$23,842 compared to$28,876 ity and independence often associated Note. E '-' - for all commuters. As expected, there with higher paying jobs may also pro- f;:;4!;.-;-- Source: .41i1 l'ili '': is a link between age,income and bicycle vide older commuters with more trans- e commuting habits. In the 15 to 24 age portation choices. ,,.., 4 ..1.,,_ • P ..• group,the mean income for bicycle corn- Somewhat consistent with the above .,._ 4,-- E:litA'4,.,..,...-,:...,-... diplon muters is$12,229 compared to$15,314 analysis is the finding that bicycle corn- -;it,,,i,--;1---- !..quairi: for all commuters. This pattern also muting occurs in its greatest numbers --?,1k with 'Ot1.......;- 1,000 holds true for the 25 to 34 and 35 to 44 at both ends of the educational spec- ..t-e,.i4. ii'' '... age groups. In older age groupsindividuals how- trum. As shown in Figure 5, Agreats . ,▪.. . .. , ever, a different picture emerges. The with less than four years of high school ..-:iii'11:1,P.:'-':.,..--::- mg mc .4k....---i. mean income for bicycle commuters in are most likely to use a bicycle to get to -I..;it;::::- menta, 1 „...,.... :. .. , the age groups 45 to 54 and 55 and over work, showing a rate of. 6.2 per 1,090. ,..:'i,;;.,.... With----noatyafh , . ,. . is actually higher than that of their co- College graduates follow m their decision i57., may horts who choose other modes. Bicycle to ride a bicycle to work with a rate of :i;','[..„, ' -,:. • . ,...,..... -.` '.▪....... i. Figure 4 Bicycle commuters per 1000 total commuters by occupational category ':?!1'... „,,,, .........................,,.,...:,.........:.....„....„:„.:„....:::::::::::„........ ,,,t,---,....„,-:, Military service — .,::-',.--Iti Operativeslaborers --f:,......:::::::::::.:::::::::::::::::::::::::::.:::i. •-,i,,.."„tz-x---:- , R-6-- -4.?,-,,, Sklled crafts -- i :..:::,.....]i•ii.."?...•ii:::::::::.i:;:::.,T;i:ii:::::: ,..,..,,,,.,,... .,,,. • ,ie..,,,,,, Farm, forestry, fishing —ii)::::::::::i::::::::.:.j.:::::ii.i::::i.::::::jiii.ii.i..6.1::::::::::......!:..-- 11,. ;::::1. i. i,...}.. -',:.iil 1:: Sales, administrative support — V Professional, technical, managerial — i I iii 'A.Vitafr1-1: ft;tif.:flirlf;ii, 0 2 4 6 8 1 0 '..1:-40,,; Source: 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample ... . t.-,,,...,,,,qyy-:"..;--.,,, ,, , ,'!'-ii:.'i':444"--..".*;:',. S Ottro rii.71.”. iti 1 i' -;.'"I''''-;';::".!1:1:.:1.:V:',.:' 7tt 2 PROMOTING BICYCLE COMMUTING: UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER ;;;',.!--;;?;,,-;,..-„,..---,.,---,---.-,'.4,,,,;,,,,,:...!: Table 1 . g °u-i-n -1.4, --:-.--.' i!f Commuters By Age and Mode of Transportation 80, corn...---",, ,:::,;#1P4a„,.:- Mean Income o z.,..,taie,:e3-4,VItiz.,',,' 4,624 for 41.:,-ti,-,..-„,z-qc.,..i444I-:„ p. In thet ) ' ,i-,, .1„,.mi,:bL-,- Age Bicycle Commuters Other Commuters AJI Commuters . .--,,,,Zz.i.:::::,--4/...---'..r..ii.g.:;::::, ride bi---..,-,:4.:46,,,,r4,41A-4.-:,- ler I meaniiitAgt'V1:.:--, 15-24 $12,229 $15,332 $15,314 ilif-Y: 25-34 $22,097 $25,184 $25,173 1 i i uti .3-411A9 Ite.. , older bi- ,- ..1....ifitiZt,;111,:tt,Yii,-. 35-44 $28,307 $32,327 $32,318 -'7=•?;-:-.,,o,,.. different ._:IP,tronN'tlli::f:'f---.1' 45-44 $35,580 34,622 $34,624 leyisnot 55 and over $35,768 $32,516 32,520 al health ,---:,.. ,,,, 4 be other i; 14 1s.;41:PP:ili:.‘'.:-:'-. Total $23,842 $28,891 $28,876 itiv-:-.-.. r flexibil- .-IIAlite.r.,-..---: 1 1 • i'.-- ssociated :.-1i''''1111,1t': Note: Based on full-time, all year workers also pro-, ;:!Astiol0,,,,-..,i:,,,: Source.. 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample rd :- 1 IPP1 re trans- . ,,,,4.1:!.;0:1":„.:,',_,::i:,. • 4.5 per 1000. Those with a high school than a high school education aged 16-18 he above ;:iii;',":!7". diploma and those with some college are may not have driver's licenses. . iii. -,:ii-SigaiY.R , :--:. ,-.4.tgi,,,:. equally likely to ride a bicycle to work, Geographic Location-As might be 11 i-il 1;14, cle corn- :::7,*utitifu,•:. . •,,,,,,.,,,,.„ with respective rates of 2.9 and 2.7 per expected, geography plays a prominent ri,- 11 :pit numbers ,.:,.:-.101#:,..,:.,,, '' 1,000. College graduates may have role in determining who .commutes by ial spec- ....41111..,:.i.: greater flexibility in choosing a commut- bicycle. Figure 6 presents. bicycle co.rn.- dividuals 4Atii:',. .,:..:- ie mode and select bicycling for environ- muter rates for the nine geographic divi- ;h school .4.:614sic.:,. in- -..1,--,-.,&,,a-9:,------ mental and/or health reasons while those sions identified by the Bureau of the to get to -"...l-,zZei .2.--: less than. . a high. school education Census. The far west states of the Pa- ..-,r 1,000. ::i-...-,",,,,,,,,131.1:,..*:::,:: with - may have limited choices and simply can cific have the greatest number of bicycle 1 i 1 1 lil, -decision .43.i.,1111, .,.:,,,,.-. a rate of '‘, not afford a car. Some workers with less commuters at 9.6 per 1,000, followed iiii71:1 .,::-,.: ..J.1, il 1[146 ....,,,,„,„;...,.,.,.:_:.... . ,.. -,....., .-..., ....,...,... . , ..,,.....,,.......,”.,.,..... , , •L,,,,..1;,:.:_5'27;;;.:::..', Figure 5 ,,:;--., egory -,,trguk,:::,..,i-o:;,._ Bicycle commuters per 1000 by level of education ili i 1 ,•;:10,., ' :-544:4;:j41;:;;;• ,-.! - 1 . s„ , ..,41.,k.,I!1 .!;.i.t.;:1:11 1 Li'II 1 11'1411 ' ''',,,nr:,--,l':.--,,ii.,11 ::,,,,,;;'..•-„, 7 if 1 1 1 d'filiti 6 - ii::i:::iiii::::i.,iiiiiiiiliiiiiiiii, '•::.:::...111.111•11111111 .1 .111 i,rtv.:: ...•..••••••....,._ ............. ... ,,,i ' ii !. .1,-,,q., - i•:::::•:::::i?::.•:.:•:i:ii•::::,K*:i:iii.E.I.:3:i:. , ---:7".15‘0..„-'c:',i,:„'',-' 1•::..ii::::,iiiii:ii.iiiii?:i.....„iiiiiiiiiE:::iiii, .,:, . I ! 1;.m, 4 - • :•: .::•.:*1:i:ikK:i:::i:K,i-.i:: ••:••i:::.::.:••.:i*•:::.*-:::::.:*K:,:.:1::: 111i . 11'1111,; ..:,.....::::::.;::?•-•:: :::'iiiiiii::iii;:::: ,...,...'`...T.r.i!i:.•?:K:iiiii.iiIiiiii:i ...,..-Mgiiiii:•:.-2.iii.iiiiiii:. •:::::-:•:::.:,::•::•:::::.:•;:i:•::K:iiiii:iiii.ii 'I !i- ',..i 1 ! ' '','",-;'!"!•*44.1.4;'!!!;,:!.', 3 - :iiii.::::::•?:*:::::•:•:•:iii.:iiiiisilii:iiiili'ii -..,...*i:::-::•::?.?:•::.?:•*:.%i*::.**:::::::: :-..*!*-• :•.„,:::„:*::::::::::::::z ' 1. i ',:! d .; Iii -v.,,,,,,,t4,1 tt, ....,,,,,......,...wt.:vv., ....:,:•:•:•:-.,,,:tt..,.... tt,,,,,,, •:...........,,,,,,,.-......x.,,x,„, .t.,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,„.„...„_._ R t i I 1.:..,.; "*''''..................."*".":*:*' :'''''''''''''''''''''%,:•:.:•:.:-:, •••••••••••••:•:•:.:.:•:.,:.:,.........., ....................,.......;.:. 1,tt il 1 ;.11'.; ;1-, ''-.1111:.P,',.'...; . •••••.-.•....- -•• -....-.... ---- •-•-••••••.•••••-•.. .........,.•.......„...., ::::„....:::.:-:-.:::....,.......--- -•.••••••-••...-- ••....................... ............. ....,..„ 2 - :': ::•,..Y::Hliili: `i ::::::.1•:ii:.•::,:::::::::••:..„..iiiiiiiiiiiiiii •:-.g.........:-......•:::::::.:.:::.iiri.iii:ii-isisiiiiiiii:... :::::::.::.:.:.:aii:.:.:if.„.::::,::,,:,iitii,:i:::,,,:i 77,, q i ,h,--..i. i I ! H •,-", ,I .•ii i l ''..-;',:.:4-.1.:, ••••••••••••••• -• •-••••-•-••. -,•-•,-, -••••••...........,.....,.. ............,................ ••••••••••---- •-••••••••• ,••••• •••................... ..............„....... ••••.•••••••-•....... •........................... .................,...., ..............„,...,.... P....-...„;.,,,„.. 0 1 1 kll. l 11:'!, it High School Grads College grads HilI 1 l'J'ill! ..1 i.'ill 1 !I V1111 <High School 1-3 yrs College gIr'---:''-' Source: 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample ;;;',,---,---..•• ':::::;AT'illg tki:,,i*,,,,. .,' A , ,• r •,, , ,, 73 1 Ill 1 4111 :1;11:411Fie,:,- .1.1f14,4131.--;;V:.:: „,„A, _.. ..., ._:.,_:,.., ,:,,:,_.•:.„...":,,,_. _,.,.., ,, , .,,, . ,,,,, ,, „., :.,,..: :.,:,,,,„ , , , , ,, ,. _,,., ,, E, .. el. .i.,ii.,,-'.ji . •i l'::::5,-14:-..44'f.:....',iita,'_:,: ::::- --,-s-e-'1,-----1-,- ,.._.,,, . ,......._,,, .. .....„ _ ....,..„....,. TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY r 1 .:,i i.: closely by the Mountain division with 8.7 closely by the Santa Barbara MSA with ..:;;.:,frylci'lf'..:.i,...1:1:c7i.„--i-7.-;:. the Wprees, per 1000. The region with the lowest rate 41.2. It should be noted that many of ::..,:;_, l.'..ri, of bicycle commuting is the East South the communities with larger bicyclellcorn- -:.,,,,,.!Iiji. -. to bicyc Central, which includes of"deep south” muter populations also are couiegte.townsj ,..„:,..„....:: t.,,,N..;.4.i..:::. cilities, states. In these states less than one out with a generally younger popenaliisotnonr.i __;....„: :;.,,:. -tea.:. cerns. 1 1.-1,. 11t. stannin it.: of 1,000 commuters uses a bicycle to get fact, every.MSA on the. top t -_, '.. ':.'..§: to work. Although weather and popula- tains a major university. '1'.,',..-.44;',',.'.;::::'1-4:. muters 1...1H.:-.. tion composition play a significant role --.-,:.1 .:61151.- ers. Go .,,,,, .,.-,..,.... e in regional patterns of bicycle use,. cul- _ '-',-,.. .'. ..'- incorpo tural factors may be at work in the re- Promoting bicycle commuting .....„:,,.,„..,,,. • --,..-'',--....;t'4',"--,'..::7: tive fac luctance of southern residents to use this .:. bike to .:.,:,-,i,.--L.:.2-,t1-.. . 1.-:Hi 1,,' .• form of transport. Riding a bicycle may 1.1aicWhates can communities do to promote ..T.:'..'i.:;:,:-:..:1-;:!.4..:: and Ind "...'..... :....',1., '.1: not fit into southern conceptions ofgreater.ap- bicycle use? What is it that .-:::::::.:-..k....T.telfi•.1.... issues propriate behavior for adultsmakes , particu- people choose a bicycle to corn- ...-::::,--iilli':),.:t-.: The foil f-',..i'...1ii•,..,1; ',11 larly males. mute to work? What more can be done tors tors an In addition to states,the PUMS data to convince others to do the same? ,:9:4::::::--;;;:.:135:- serve 0 '.'-::..°,1.1i#., •,,,. files provide data for Metropolitan Sta- A picture of the hard-core bicycle ,.1.„.".t_ilift....-!..,::: conc_eri tistical Areas(MSAs). In Table 2 we show commuteremerges . from the demo- •-jx,..A114;- Dis liti'i•-'441 i :ii the top ten MSAs in terms of commut- graphic data. Thebike commuter typi- ...:..."-- .-.:$._1:lit,i.g: tablish4 1-1..11.11 1! ing to work by bicycle. Four of these ar- cally is male. If young, his wages are --..'...1.:91:.,.!,.--t'l!',,,,;..ci.ri..1:::-_.. tripscyc.lintgc eas are in California which also has the lower than non-bicycle commuters his t$ cycling . .t. h most metropolitan areas(13)with 1 per- age. If older, his.wages are typically :.:'.';-:,'::,.,:!:::,.,,.t.i.,:*,;;.7: ni ies cent or more of commuters riding bi- higher.The education of the average bike ..-:,,,-. 4..4iftt i-L:-.'..-;,-- ties by i cycles to work. Within California, the commuter varies from either no high ...1:$''1....li-..-rol'ar,,47.,...t.,..:.:.,•,... exampl, Chico-Paradise Metropolitan Statistical school diploma to having a college de- :-':-.441i'.3.Ti...:;,:. ,a-11-37 r Area (MSA) ranks highest with 49.7 bi- gree.He lives in a college town where t1-.1.e :::...:11-!7::g.f§-.-. ing bice 411:11..iii' :i cycle commuters per 1,000, followed weather is mild year round, probably in .......'„.f,'./4.!-':::.. di.sta_nc clists I Figure 6 .--,'.----?;:st...':', --,' ' onto b- itH- . t,-.ve. ..1-.1'.ii..;',ii: • .!: ... ,,,,,,,,... Bicycle commuters per 1000 total commuters by geographic division :::,:,::::::"..,:.,:lal14:'2::. Bike-01 la be ing fac New England —::::•:,:e...1::,:::Z::::::,:ig:::.*::::::iiiiii,:l :::-Mtrtkift,,-., Mid Atlantic .--:::::::::.a.:::::::.....i.1:::ii.:ii,i,::•::d p:_ip,.:::. O East North Central --Hili.iii.*:..::-Mi:::::::: ::::::•: :. Iititt-',1-..-- - ---- ---- West North Central -:::::::::*:.:::::iiinail:iiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiA .if:: South Atlantic - '•ifili rtt'..i-• It, East South Central - it:11.4'i ; - 0— r..',.....:11..f l'i; West South Central - -i'.,,ii,-EloPtiaf.-..•• t''. 111:I tPipi-i ii'-. .*-. ' Mountain - -....4:i.411.414;:ti,•......- iii.•iilitiitn.,•:-.-..• Pacific :::::::::::•::::i.::::F:::.:::iiii:::: :::::::::::::::::::::::::.............,...„...-, - ,...i.iii •pv,iiii..hiiii,...4igi ....„...,„,.,,,,,,„.,,,,„,....,,..,.......,. 1 I I I ----1 ...-;414;."tr...i)4,,,i-•;.41.,;::::. -..:;::1111iii:,', l'i •,:i 0 2 4 6 8 10 4.,X,itilit.:' *. Source:•lill' 11. :: ' Source. 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample ...:1"-IN);,•fli-;71k-i-: :i..lirifi 11; i" , 74 1..-::IfAH cr,i ; i 1;. it '..liie.4.,-,,,:...:'-.,-A!442---'-':-.• .i 'Elt.M.M.:'iltY,c,':,-, 4:-. ' •,1 i i I.';'-'f, PROMOTING BICYCLE COMMUTING: UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER _.• ' I'l parking has been available since the ''k4- '.17.: the West, and less likely in the South. 1\ 'With:leliti:,afgi:T":.:: Previous research identifies barriers early 1970s.More recently the city s Bay iH,. 1 •i,11 it many of.:44.i444•41,1 :''-'.i t Area Rapid Transit (BART) service has • . i g,-: cycle corn- to- o bicycle.commuting such as lack of fa- i 1 ill lege towns ,..,,: _14:4,iia, cilities, distance, traffic and crime con- installed 600 lockers. Nearly 500 are in 1 4, ,.. -' ,,liatl :. ilationrns. The remaining issue is an under- use; 352 of those are rented at a cost of . ,.. . I4,,'-',:irit;-,,-:14-1,4 ISOI- ce • n list con.: :.-'.:,QW,Alink. standing of how potential bicycle corn- $15 for a 3-month period or $30 for a • L.1.‘ muters become regular bicycle commut- year. BART also has installed nearly ers. Goldsmith has developed a model 1,400 bicycle racks at suburban and ' , •‘..ily, . ..z: :. • i , ,H., incorporating the personal and subjec- urban rail stations. ' I tg tive factors which affect the decision to Values&Attitudes-Influencing val- bike to work. Community, government ues and altering attitudes may present •,•,..:..5%,:1,44.4,,,...,-:..:, '-1-k-iii y,;,,,...,; and industry efforts which speak to these the greatest challenge to attracting - 1 1 .1..•-.' o promote .-4itio,e-,4,•,,,- . i„.., greater numbers of bicycle commuters. ,I1 ;, ,r,•:.' is it that .:-;•11CO.f.tt,Z1:••,- issues are more likely to enjoy success. L i lii .le to corn- The The following is a breakdown of key fac- Visibility and integration are key corn- tors and further responses which may H • ,,i,, ••i ii ' 'lil-:( ponents of these strategies. Because m be done ',.4.7„ift!,..,-, :::' i.1 it !ii, 3arne? • ..,F-,tti:--.,-._. as models in addressing public -:'‘?74-241,'i;:-, -,. serveISTEA requires states and metropolitan areas to develop long-range bicycling ,• 1 1 . 1,, )re bicycle fi1rH40:1-',,I,:i;::::_.. concerns and perceptions. :he demo- -':e:3411','„'.:1-'-:::,.. Distance - It has already been es- plans, the visibility of bicycle commut- tauter typi_ :::::,;,..::;,.1-''siPa,-..::;i:,- ;;:''. tablished that a large. percentage of daily ing will be improved. Equally helpful are111- ;1 ' ,c wages are •:-,,,,:-i-Rit,R,:',,11',': trips. to .work are within reasonable bi- , requirements that states appoint bicycle aluters his '::.:Iktt'.; ','- cycling distance.However,some commu- program coordinators. Coordinators 1 can 1 . ii:•. :...-, typically .„.„4-1•;:'11'!- :.i,,-, n.ities have further expanded opportuni- help communities create consistent ap- 'Hi 1 : ill:c verage bike ',:',':,ig.f...,'''11,-:'',.-:,. -,:fties by providing bicycle-transit 1.inks.For proaches to heighten public awareness '"'' ' example,in San Diego,California,buses .-,.,r no high :-:-..?--ii;a:,....:1::::::- through education and publicity Eight of the top 10 cities for bi- r° pro-, . i•I I , i!1-', college de- . -:.!..,11;-,,,,!!-'.:', ".- carryar .re -mounted bicycle racks allow- grams i where the .'•;14-'.7?-k-r,'-;;,',„:.i.,-,:: ing bicycle commuters to travel greater cycling have bicycle coordinator posi- ' 1-)ly in .!7::',..,;',."..);5:',,..!:42':,,,-il..:-'.: distances. Since the late 1970's, bicy- tions. Public involvement also increases 1.1 • .1 ! III::: lists have been allowed to take bikes program visibility. In Eugene, Oregon, • . ,,I.,.. onto buses in Westchester, New York. the Bicycle Advisory Committee works vision .:';'1,4i;:,I:::::.: Bike-on-rail programs are available in a with city officials to promote bicycling il ' i T1.1.:.Tigi!,:t1.:,,;„'.',....-:,1--,'..:., number of U.S. cities as are bicycle park- and increase facilities. [Ai* ,-,;'" ing facilities. In San Francisco, bicycle Family Responsibilities .- As we ...-,,;.1.,h-::i-:'- :••14111.•'.::'..:: - Table 2 Top Ten Metropolitan Areas For Bicycle Commuters .!I•iiiiill ' :-...:•':- 'f-:,----,d Metropolitan Statistical Areas Bicycle Commuters per 1000 V,if-.:.-:.-,. ...,,..,_,. , Chico-Paradise, CA 49.7 ,.._.," _.„.....,....,. . , ,.. . .. Santa Barbara, CA 41.2 ,,,,,:.,.-,...:...•- Gainesville, FL 35.2 ., ..: - : ' • ,.......,,. Eugene-Springfield, OR 32.9 Bryan-College Station, TX 37.2 Madison, WI 29.5 : ,:i*--7.04,,..•.:,, .,•14,,--‘4.,:..-::::,,• ..„..,..,,......„,, Boulder-Longmont, CO 24.5 .. ,, Champaign-Urbana, IL -...,i,,•' 21.6 l ' 1 lil Sacramento, CA 19.6 ,:,-A-!0'.:1''• , : 11 Santa Cruz, CA 19.1 • 4 i !II Y4:44i 11 : :![ ! 11 Source: 1990 Census,PUMS file, 1%sample ,, •, i ii, 75 UI :.M1--.;:'.-- li i i 11, „1",-;0:,....,,,,,,,;,:.:„.. ,,-, . . . .:Ittiiiiii44-!..;:,,1;.';'::'. 11Iii-MI,F-14;,:-,.;:' PROMOTING BICYCLE COMMUTING: UNDERSTANDING THE CUSTOMER -,,,,,y."-I,,,,z,,,;,,, proach to planning projects. The city- '''''''''4 'I'I ter contests, public agencies corn- , „:::,_,..,,;,,,,•,:,7:,,mrp.*::„,. poster e lanes. .::::Z...,ii::.titiftit;'44,..iiil---:::::,':: peted to win the title of most employees dedicates an estimated$250,000 an.nu- ation of :-i.:,',r;,:41.91141%-':;.,:-.-:r. participating in the programand corn- ally to independent bikeway projects. .i helmet ItilifiNte?.;,-- - m-unity members hosted a bike festivalSubstantially greater sums are spent on • '14.4 -4: • work week. The City of Palo phance ':'.-',Ift,::NIM,'‘i.z.,-,-:,: and bike to projects integrating bicycles and other A., .-: desig- :.11,,--.,:iiio'h'i':--it.:-,1:.: Alto and the Alza Corporation aretinwork-Aizatransportation,according to city officials. Illy,the 11,11-44: - hag to encourage bicycle comxnu g. A number of policies, laws and pro-- §,,-.. ,,, -.- rodeos :-',,..,,':--r'litir4,..f;:.,:,:!;,-:-iy.-.. employees are paid$1 for each day they grams also are in place to promote bi- )1s. The --.'1,41,74.31x,:i',:::::1:',.'i,:t;-*- bicycle,walk or carpool to work.The city cycle commuting. The city has a written ,ections .:--;:.:::'''':.,i1,,,tiit..i.,' reimburses seven cents per mile for bi- bike plan and a city zoning ordinance 1 ag iwq i;`,.P. -14,.- . from '''''''-'1''''''".--'-- cycle business travel. Other supportfor requiring new development to include 1. '''''T''''"Ilit:''':":'1.- bicycle commuting includes less stun- bicycle parking.The city publishes maps 4414.,.. .. ,- ry corn- .:-!:11,-W....:: gent dress codes in the wo-kplace, flex-imof bicycle routes and facilities and oper- i .: 1 • 1 art - ii al busi- .:ii,41,-.:',.,;;;I''''':„:.,':.:. ible work hours and parking fee re ates an education programs focused on rks and •-14.14'.',',.;:•-*: bursement. youth.The programs is intended to teach ,-;444;i1T..,:.,.;::, A num- H.,4;-',All-,--;7-4-',. bicycle safety as well as promoted bicy- -;1,1174,4 *,.;-.--.: I ilii, iaed po- ..4:-4:kff.;,',.::',.-,- cling as a life-long activity. . . I : it.-4,-,,,, , 0 ii•iir:. . 1SAV::::;;S:::.- Example:Madison,Wisconsin ;er•ve as , ,,,zz-..A.- :.-,- well as t 11 , Itilt 'f' ' ns. -;;,:i*„.4--;.,--,:,-,,i.:',,.:-.;, Often touted as one of the nations . Conclusion - . : neces- '-'1',..1-1-1::',':'-:':' "bike friendly cities,” Madison, Wiscon- 1 1 - ,i.-,i,....'t.„.;• In Min- ---.'-'4114M;i:-:'-'':._ sin has done much to promote bicycle This Madison, Wisconsin example l• : 1 : l'-;.-...liri!- ft .,..-es may„, '-±:--'i,e:4 -';'.:11,';-, commuting. More than 100 miles of demonstrates that an integrated ap- -ear,ten bikeway bikeway system, consisting of off-road proach is needed increase the number of to work .''-..1--.&,,'--..„.-- striped bike lanes and bikeways.on col- bicycle commuters.Efforts to remove per- :--1.-i-DitVz- --- Las long ',..',Iii;i4V-1:;:,7.--,- lector streets, criss-crosses the city. Re- ceived and real barriers to bicycle corn- ._;'..A:11 .7:::-r- d ri-ns -.:c-,,,,::,:q.,',.:-.:,..: :-- cent city surveys indicate nearly S.0,000 muting must be supported. Communities i 1 iikkr•I -----,4, -,,-.. rii* Le :-:,'-':ti .--!- people ride bicycles on a daily basis.And must promote and alert potential bicycle iDnient rit','"-'....4-t'::'''''-'-- a 1991 university survey determined an commuters to improvements. But even ' ' 4-it--11:-'-. It I ,iPtlilF i 1 estimated 13,000 University of Wiscon- after barriers are removed and promo- 1, 1 i11,11: 1 -ISTEA :',,';14411,:,:,,s.--,,:.:':' sin-Madison students and staff ride bi- tional efforts are in full swing,more work. ---,--,, - :,•le corn- :',14V-,-t!;,'..,E-.,.;...'-, cycle each day. will be required.The task of changing val- ',';:::;:•• . ies and .;_liiii-::::;:. Bicycles are part of the landscape in ues and attitudes demands that commu- ee ds of --!110-:-- -:-- Madison and an everyday part of the nities and transportation professionals 1.6-al-ifor- 1,-?;: ,. ':' city's transportation planning process. think like marketers: they must under- provide ''.:::yri'-ii: :. The city employs a full-time coordinator stand their customers and provide goods kers for ''',,'''' -':',':- as well as two full-time staff and a half- and services that will provide the level of 43,,,,•-,. -:',,,-,,„- . . . -es that -':-.T4,;;;r„,„ivf,„:',.::,,,.,.. time traffic engineer. The program is satisfaction customers. require if they are c build- .,,-14' _:-,. . housed in the city's. Transportation. De- to make the switch from potential bicycle g areas. -11,11,1,,,:;:_-:-.- partment, offering an integrated ap- commuters to regular bicycle commuters. :, l:,--1:-:': ties can gi.e...:01,.„„,-;:,,,,.. lsive fa- :11:1ii 1,i: Federal '-45-71g .31-4--,t.',-,...,::.,,:•.: Endnotes lop pro- ,,tzifif r„,„:„.:..„:„. mut• ,-..,1,-fif,4.,,.:,-:‘,,,,..-2 .!, i , :,-, .T.: ing. ..,•.:*-41.,,,,,:;..,,,,,.,,,,,, , .,. , ' :,, ,,,,. , • 1. Brad Edmondson,"Alone in the Car,”American Demographics,June, 1994,pp.44-52. munity- =-,4,--7,11-_,:.„,,..,. ,,, ansport .111.,i,:sft:,,,,,:-:: 2.Michael Replogle,Bicycles and Public Transportation:New Links to Suburban Transit Markets,Pennsyl- 'ols held -;:--';',.,,,MilL;;:';,;, vania:Rodale Press, 1983,pp.24-25. i 77 lal HI iiHi:i Az",. ,A...,,,A,,..,,,,,,,,,,• ''..,,,,41...:,... . •,...• ,.......A A,,,.-,: • .-A,- ,A,-,,A, ,e,,, ''—•.A,,—,,,,,....-P,A,A H it 1 LI TRANSPORTATION QUARTERLY .._._,.....,,....„,_,,,, . ... ,,.....,..„. _ ._ -....,....,..., --- ':'j:'.;;.-"'P:!:.''1:f:::.if 111,1 '-•'-:=5,:li--,:,.-2-,-.13-i:11. 3. J. Betz,J. Dustrude and J. Walker, "Intelligent Bicycle Routing in the United States," Transportation Research Record,no. 1405, 1983,pp. 21-27. ..:. ...-...._ ,,...:_ 4.Stewart A.Goldsmith,"Case Study No. 1:Reasons Why Bicycling and Wallcing Are and Are Not Being Used '... :1.... 11 :id More Extensively As Travel Modes,"U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration National Bicycling arid Walking Study,Washington,D.C.:U.S.Government Printing Office, 1992,p. 14. , ,.;t,`..,::!ttl,,..i'.:::-.•;.!-' :Iil .t.A.H.4',...,-,.,-„... -'....,.*::-..-:Ti.'-,,.-;!';'.:_•';',',:::.!' ,,,', - .....:„..,..,_;,...., _ 5.U.S.Department of Transportation,Moving America:New Directions,New Opportunities,Washington D. _ ..,.....f-,,„..,,...-s,.. ,'"';.,;'..4' S -i:-.' C.:U.S. Government Printing Office, 1989,p.23.6.University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center,"Pavement Pounders and Pedal Pumpers, -- --- - -- ., .,,,,,.14'-• ,,, ,-, t Highway Safety Directions,4,no. 1, 1992,pp.2-7. ' , , I 7.Edmondson,p. 53. ..,.....,..,-;..._,,. ----t7;:i---3.-::--_-; '-;_.'.:t.'"..-1-1 ii•-:,-,,i!,....41 , - ..._,. ,i, 8. Bureau of the Census, Census of Population and Housing, 1990(United States):Public Use Microdata •,,,,,s,....,,,,,,...,,i - -''... '----.' •-1 , Sample(PUMS)Files, 1 percent sample, [machine-readable data files],Washington:The Bureau[producer and distributor] 1993. .,....'1',......i.,_.:7_,-.: .,,,.....,..t., ..-f..,..„.:',,,.....„,- , ,''ill!fill :' 9.Goldsmith,pp.6-9,66. ..,,,,. .-,,.// * 10.Michael A.Replogle and Harriet Parcells,"Case Study No.9:Linking Bicycle/Pedestrian Facilities with ;-...,,..,...44telli. i., ..„....,.. Tr sit," U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, National Bicycling and Walking Study,Washington,D.C.:U. S.Government Printing Office, 1992, 28-30. pp. . 441 I,ii ( . in -- i. ,,, 11.Ry Snyder,"Bicycles Ecological Cities,"Earthword:The Journal of Environmental and Social Re- , -;:ii.M.,..'„L'i,.:-.41;i4i ';:', sponsibility,Issue 4, 1992,pp.6-7. -..,..,-------, ,_ ..,',::-:i.:41.11..T,El• ii, 12.Replogle and Parcells,p.39;Betz,Dustrude and Walker,pp.21-27.13.M. J. Cynecici, G. Perry and G. Frangos, "A Study of Bicyclist Characteristics in Phoenix, Arizona, 1t:It i, I, Transportation Research Record, 1405, 1983,pp.28-34. ::'!fitilli i 'i! ..„,.,,,....., ...,,.......,..,, ., ....,...,,,,. i-lt, - 14.U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration,National Bicycling and Walking '.. 1:'''':-..-. T Study: Transportation Choices for a Changing America, Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing ", ),...7.,,,::: Office, 1992,p. 57. trilii,1 I:: ., a , ....,„..,“.... ,„,,, 15.National Bicycling and Walking Study,p. 89. .,' .''',.-,..-,-,..i,,, 11 ti.:', 1..-iiiii '.- .. ----..411:1','-;::- --„!it'., . t] ,f..,_ :', 16.Replogle, 1983,pp.24-25. „..,...,..,...--.,„.-: ... ..,... ..... r : .„ k---J'-11.-ilti H -.=tite,, C ....y..,;:t. ..-".. ...,tfi. .,,, ..„....,„,... • 17.R.Alcott and M. M. Decindis "Clean Air Force Campaign 1989-1990: Programs,Attitudes and Com- -..: -,,,-_;;„;,Y.:-:: 11 mute Behavior Changes," Transportation Research Record 1321 1991 pp.34-44. _.,...,..„ -- ,.-. -- a ,... ,....,......,...... ..„ . , , .......,.., - te,:.:-..- ...,:,/,:,..,=13.,,,,ii„-.1.,.-iiii.i, ,i, . _::,..!::::::.). (TQ ..,1-::::;i.,i,-: _.,.,, -. .ig.,.,- P - .•- ..- . - ,,, , p ..,,. ..., :. .: S':- ii 1 .1 ', 1','' ' - '('',::?1:10.4 ':*;i'lii.'lif;..1 •':1; * i -,,Vt James Williams is an Professor eLrojessor of Sociology and Anthropology .-,,g-fi at the University of Wi'sconsin-Eau Claire. His teaching and research interests include demography, social a. stratification, mortality and applied sociology .., ...,......, ,,,.,...,..., As a long-time cyclist, his research on t...e _icyc,e commuter was prompted by .41-fisi:. p t a desire to learn more about others who use this means of traveling to woric. ,,,,,.. po Pc .)nf';''';'::;::'''.: ' -- . „..,,,-;14,1,11 ft',i..1,:-, ; ', --..-'..,-....tV,J,!1,,.:•i.,,,,,,:.°: T. ' R /.:1.-• , Jan Larson is an Assistant Professor of Journalism at the University for . ..„.,.;,!...,,,,,ilit.:,, 4::;„:,.,.::• _ , ...- .. , d '., Wi-sco n s in-Eau Claire. She writes frequently about demographic trends jor ''. --:-,,,,,,ii,.. -,..1-,.:: U -6.-1 --.. ..,rTi:'....i''[..; t ,,,vr,,,,,,,,,,,,, A 1 .`-.t! I American Demographics Magazine. ........„..-„,.,...,: ,:; ...... 2 *--g: T '''''''''''"*-- - 'I: : ::',:',:::-,‘•:,:a .':. ' ...;.!'1,-:;;;.:::ti'71,P,1::',.... 78 C ..._. ....,-, ,, .. . , .... .... ,,, , ., -,,,,,•:„.„-.11. .,t,,,, .. .: STRATEGIC PLANS IMPLEMENTATION CALENDAR 2002 IMP.PLAN,',, ,',SUBJECT; ',,,,!:P,TEAM,J0,,,,',,',,,,.'- ''',JAN : ,-,", 'FEB'',,n,,,-,'v,,,,,-MARCH-,- ',APRIL',',, , ,‘-,'MAY,,,i,:.'",,I,,t,,t:f,,,,,,,JUNE''',,,,';1,,,,,,-'„JULY),-,,,,'.'',,,,:,,,,,":,,,:,AUG-r,,,,,,','':, SEPT,,,,,'',i, -v'',OCT-, :,,' NOV ',,,,,... -'DEC „ ,,,,. , -,.. , , ', - , , , , , , , , , .. Presentation of Submit VS 3 consultants report Determine plan implementation S 4.a Urban Forest Plan Ross to Council for Coion ptsn for Councd Complete future Develop Complete Board review ot Board review of III. VS 4 3.quarter. 52.a Parks Maintenance Boad review at isiforfuture CIP& for . Standards Curtis quarter q Park projects VS 4 Intergenerational Park Ric completed by S 3.a Facilities year's end* Board review of Council reviews VS 4 Developer incentives needs assessment proposed S 4.a to provide adequate developer parks Steve incentives Board review of Complete Phase 111lNill VS 4 Complete needseassessment r commendations, S 4.b development of VPAC Ric cost estimates& present to Council improve Subdivision ' Council &z ectee en Ordinance related to Dedicasen Dedicadon VS 4 park land location& ,,:::,-95,4Inapc9,,,,,z,-.., ordinance S 4.c dedication Ric ',:,- mvisiona,,;,,,,,,, revisions Develop master plan VS 4 for new community ne:dusbirtifnacciln IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII 4.d park&landfill site Ric in 5-yr.CIP Plan pricr,dede:rZfrls. Develop plans for recvmr,tone for I Present VS 4 senior programs& c'unclidirecb°'Seek II S 5.a facilities "mildTre:ticb:,""n CIP list to Budget Submit vs 4 Prepare feasibility II. development costs S 5.b report on Peter for CIP based on skateboard park L. Council direction sfoercfigor Completeanr:frtn.a i l VS 4 imi:aerin(7)ttitgireecetibilt - ' ill S 7.b demonstration project Ric VPAC.Applied Improve VS 4 communication 5 8.a between Parks Board, Steve Council,P&Z *Brison,Gabbard,Merry Oaks,Madeley,Woodway,and Spring Loop Parks NOTE: Shaded items have been completed. Revised January 4,2002 0:1Strategic Planning/Plan Calendars 2002/Timeline 2002.doc , d,