Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout02/21/2013 - Agenda Packet - Planning & Zoning Commission д¿²²·²¹ ú Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² Ú»¾®«¿®§ îïô îðïí ɱ®µ­¸±° Ó»»¬·²¹ êæðð ÐÓ Î»¹«´¿® Ó»»¬·²¹ éæðð ÐÓ  AGENDA PLANNING&ZONINGCOMMISSION WM ORKSHOP EETING F21,2013,6:00PM EBRUARY AT CHCC ITY ALL OUNCIL HAMBERS 1101TA EXAS VENUE CS,T OLLEGE TATION EXAS 1.Call the meeting to order. 2.Discussion of consent and regular agenda items. 3.Discussion of Minor and Amending Plats approved by Staff. Final Pat ~ Amending Plat ~ Pebble Creek Phase 9C ~ 51 PDD Lots ~ 5102 (M. Robinson) Stonewater Loop 4.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding the status of items within the 2013 (J. Schubert) P&Z Plan of Work (see attached). 5.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an update of development in the (B. Cowell) Northgate area. 6.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding the P&Z Calendar of Upcoming Meetings. Tuesday, February 26, 2013 ~ South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Public Meeting (On- Street Parking) ~ South Knoll Elementary School cafeteria ~ 7:00 p.m. Thursday, February 28, 2013 ~ City Council Meeting ~ Council Chambers ~ (Liaison Rektorik) Workshop 6:00 p.m. and Regular 7:00 p.m. Thursday, March 7, 2013 ~ Planning & Zoning Meeting ~ Council Chambers ~ Workshop 6:00 p.m. and Regular 7:00 p.m. 7.Discussion, review and possible action regarding the following meetings: Design Review Board, Joint Parks / Planning & Zoning Subcommittee, South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Resource Team, BioCorridor Board, Zoning District Subcommittee, and Wellborn District Plan Resource Team. 8.Discussion and possible action on future agenda items A Planning & Zoning Member may inquire about a subject for which notice has not been given. A statement of specific factual information or the recitation of existing policy may be given. Any deliberation shall be limited to a proposal to place the subject on an agenda for a subsequent meeting. 9.Adjourn. Consultation with Attorney {Gov't Code Section 551.071} ; possible action. The Planning and Zoning Commission may seek advice from its attorney regarding a pending and contemplated litigation subject or attorney-client privileged information. After executive session discussion, any final action or vote taken will be in public. If litigation or attorney-client privileged information issues arise as to the posted subject matter of this Planning and Zoning Commission meeting, an executive session will be held. Notice is hereby given that a Workshop Meeting of the College Station Planning & Zoning Commission, College Station, Texas will be held on February 21, 2013 at 6:00 PM at City Hall Council Chamber, 1101 Texas Avenue, College Station, Texas. The following subjects will be discussed, to wit: See Agenda. Posted this the day of February, 2013 at . , CITY OF COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS By _____________________________ Sherry Mashburn, City Secretary By _____________________________ Frank Simpson, City Manager I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above Notice of the Workshop Meeting of the Planning & Zoning Commission of the City of College Station, Texas, is a true and correct copy of said Notice and that I posted a true and correct copy of said notice on the bulletin board at City Hall, 1101 Texas bsite, www.cstx.gov. The Agenda and Notice are readily accessible to the general public at all times. Said Notice and Agenda were posted on February , 2013, at and remained so posted continuously for at least 72 hours preceding the scheduled time of said meeting. This public notice was removed from the official posting board at the College Station City Hall on the following date and time: ______________________ by _________________________. Dated this _____ day of_____________, 2013. CITY OF COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS By_____________________________ Subscribed and sworn to before me on this the day of_______________, 2013. Notary Public- Brazos County, Texas My commission expires: This building is wheelchair accessible. Handicap parking spaces are available. Any request for sign interpretive service must be made 48 hours before the meeting. To make arrangements call (979) 764-3541 or (TDD) 1-800-735-2989. Agendas may be viewed on www.cstx.gov. Planning and Zoning Commission meetings are broadcast live on Cable Access Channel 19. AGENDA PLANNING & ZONING COMMISSION RM EGULAREETING F21,2013,7:00.. EBRUARY AT PM CHCC ITY ALL OUNCIL HAMBERS 1101A TEXAS VENUE C S,T OLLEGE TATIONEXAS 1.Call meeting to order. 2.Pledge of Allegiance. Hear Citizens. 3. At this time, the Chairman will open the floor to citizens wishing to address the Commission on planning and zoning issues not already scheduled on tonight's agenda. The citizen presentations will be limited to three minutes in order to accommodate everyone who wishes to address the Commission and to allow adequate time for completion of the agenda items. The Commission will receive the information, ask city staff to look into the matter, or will place the matter on a future agenda for discussion. (A recording is made of the meeting; please give your name and address for the record.) All matters listed under Item 4, Consent Agenda, are considered routine by the Planning & Zoning Commission and will be enacted by one motion. These items include preliminary plans and final plats, where staff has found compliance with all minimum subdivision regulations. All items approved by Consent are approved with any and all staff recommendations. There will not be separate discussion of these items. If any Commissioner desires to discuss an item on the Consent Agenda it will be moved to the Regular Agenda for further consideration. Consent Agenda 4.. 4.1Consideration, discussion, and possible action on Absence Requests from meetings. Jim Ross ~ February 21, 2013 4.2Consideration, discussion, and possible action to approve meeting Minutes. January 17, 2012 ~ Workshop January 17, 2012 ~ Regular 4.3Presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Preliminary Plat for Indian Lakes Phase 14 consisting of 5 residential lots on approximately 6 acres generally located South of Anasazi Bluff Drive in the Indian Lakes Subdivision, approximately one Case # mile southwest of State Highway 6 in the City’s Extraterritorial Jurisdiction. 12-00500198 (M. Hester) 4.4Presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for The Barracks II Section 101 Subdivision consisting of 72 lots on approximately 8.6 acres located at 3156 Haupt Road, generally located between Old Wellborn Road and Holleman Case # 12-00500180 Drive South, north of the Buena Vida Subdivision. (M. Robinson) 4.5Presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for the College Station High School Subdivision consisting of 1 lot on approximately 62 acres located at 4002 Victoria Avenue, generally located at the southwest corner of the intersection of Case # 12-00500265 (M. Robinson) Victoria Avenue and Barron Road. 4.6Presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for the Traditions Phase 23 Subdivision consisting of two lots and a common area on approximately 36 acres located at 8751 Health Science Center Parkway, generally located east of SH 47 and Case # 13-00900005 (M. Hitchcock) north of Raymond Stotzer Parkway. Regular Agenda 5.Consideration, discussion, and possible action on items removed from the Consent Agenda by Commission action. 6.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for College Heights Lot 1R, Block B being a replat of College Heights Lot 1 & 5’ of 2 & Part of Alley, Lot 2 (75’ of), Lot 11 (30’ of) & 20’ of 12, Lot 12 (Part of), Block B consisting of one GC General Commercial lot on approximately 1.1 acres located at 303 A & B Case # 12- University Drive East, 410 Nimitz Street, 411 & 413 Eisenhower Street. 00500267 (M. Hester) 7.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for Summit Crossing Lots 1R-20R and Common Area “A1” & “B1”, Block 4 being a replat of Summit Crossing Lots 1-24 and Common Area “A” & “B”, Block 4 consisting of twenty Case # residential lots on approximately 2.1 acres located at 1702-1748 Lonetree Drive. 12-00500275 (M. Hester) 8.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action on a Final Plat for Northpoint Crossing Subdivision being a replat of North Park Block 2 Lots 3-10, North Park Section II Lot 5, Meadowland Addition Lots 1-19, 4.82-acre tract J.E. Scott League, 0.17-acre tract J.E. Scott League A-50, and 0.54-acre tract of abandoned Meadowland Street Right-of-Way consisting of two PDD Planned Development District lots on approximately 10.3 acres located at 410-420 Texas Avenue, 1403-1405 University Drive, Case # 13- and 100-147 Meadowland Street, excluding 130-134 Meadowland Street. 00900021 (J. Schubert) 9.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an amendment to Chapter 12, “Unified Development Ordinance”, Section 4.2, “Official Zoning Map” of the Code of Ordinances of the City of College Station, Texas by rezoning approximately 6.3 acres located at 301 Southwest Parkway from PDD Planned Development District to Case # 12-00500247 PDD Planned Development District to amend the Concept Plan. (T. Rogers) (Note: Final action on this item is scheduled for the February 28, 2013 City Council Meeting -subject to change) 10.Public Hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding a recommendation to City Council on the recommendations made by the Joint Task Force on Neighborhood (T. Rogers) Parking. 11.Discussion and possible action on future agenda items – A Planning & Zoning Member may inquire about a subject for which notice has not been given. A statement of specific factual information or the recitation of existing policy may be given. Any deliberation shall be limited to a proposal to place the subject on an agenda for a subsequent meeting. 12.Adjourn. Consultation with Attorney {Gov't Code Section 551.071} ; possible action. The Planning and Zoning Commission may seek advice from its attorney regarding a pending and contemplated litigation subject or attorney- client privileged information. After executive session discussion, any final action or vote taken will be in public. If litigation or attorney-client privileged information issues arise as to the posted subject matter of this Planning and Zoning Commission meeting, an executive session will be held. Notice is hereby given that a Regular Meeting of the College Station Planning & Zoning Commission, College Station, Texas will be held on February 21, 2013 at 7:00 p.m. at City Hall Council Chambers, 1101 Texas Avenue, College Station, Texas. The following subjects will be discussed, to wit: See Agenda. Posted this the _____ day of February, 2013, at _______ CITY OF COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS By _____________________________ Sherry Mashburn, City Secretary By _____________________________ Frank Simpson, City Manager I, the undersigned, do hereby certify that the above Notice of Meeting of the Planning & Zoning Commission of the City of College Station, Texas, is a true and correct copy of said Notice and that I posted a true and correct copy of said notice on the bulletin board at City Hall, 1101 Texas Avenue, in College Station, Texas, and the City’s website, www.cstx.gov. The Agenda and Notice are readily accessible to the general public at all times. Said Notice and Agenda were posted on February ___, 2013, at _______ and remained so posted continuously for at least 72 hours preceding the scheduled time of said meeting. This public notice was removed from the official posting board at the College Station City Hall on the following date and time: ______________________ by _________________________. Dated this _____ day of_____________, 2013. CITY OF COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS By_____________________________ Subscribed and sworn to before me on this the day of_______________, 2013. Notary Public- Brazos County, Texas My commission expires: This building is wheelchair accessible. Handicap parking spaces are available. Any request for sign interpretive service must be made 48 hours before the meeting. To make arrangements call (979) 764-3541 or (TDD) 1-800-735-2989. Agendas may be viewed on www.cstx.gov. Planning and Zoning Commission meetings are broadcast live on Cable Access Channel 19. 2013 Planning & Zoning Commission Plan of Work Comprehensive Plan Implementation Implementation of Adopted Plans Summary:Project Dates: 2/14/13: Council discussion regarding board Implementation of adopted master plans and compositions for Medical District MMD #1 & #2. neighborhood, district, and corridor plans, namely: Central College Station, Eastgate, and Southside Area neighborhood plans, and Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Greenways, Parks and Recreation, Water, Waste Water, and Medical District master plans. Staff Assigned: P&DS StaffAnticipated Completion: On-going Wellborn District Plan Summary:Project Dates: Development of a district plan for the recently annexed 2/18/13: Design Charette at Wellborn Comm. Center. Wellborn area that contains elements of a rural historic community with a unique character that residents of the 2/19/13: Design Charette at Wellborn Community area desire to retain. Center and Open House. 3/5/13: Open House at Wellborn Community Center at 6 pm. 3/21/2013: Draft plan delivered at P&Z Workshop. 3/28/2013: Draft plan delivered at Council Workshop Staff Assigned: M. RobinsonAnticipated Completion: Spring 2013 Economic Development Master Plan Summary:Project Dates: 2/7/12: Master Plan update at P&Z Workshop. Development of a Master Plan to provide consistent direction on how the City will help ensure its economic health for years to come while providing a positive business development environment. Staff Assigned: R. HeyeAnticipated Completion: Spring 2013 South Knoll Area Neighborhood Plan Summary:Project Dates: 2/12/13: Public meeting regarding biking and walking Development of a neighborhood plan for a number of at South Knoll Elementary. unique neighborhood areas. The plan area is generally bounded by Holleman Drive, Welsh Avenue, Wellborn 2/19/13: Public meeting regarding HOAs and Road, Harvey Mitchell Parkway, and Texas Avenue. neighborhood associations at South Knoll Elementary. 2/26/13: Public meeting regarding on-street parking at South Knoll Elementary at 7 pm. Staff Assigned: J. Prochazka, M. HesterAnticipated Completion: Summer 2013 п¹» ï ±º í Neighborhood Parking Summary:Project Dates: 2/21/13: Task Force Final Report presented at P&Z Analyze neighborhood parking issues by engaging Regular meeting. stakeholders and working in a Joint Task Force Subcommittee with Council. Implement recommended 2/28/13: Task Force Final Report presented at Council solutions. Regular meeting. Staff Assigned: B. Cowell, T. Rogers Anticipated Completion: Winter 2012/2013 Residential Zoning Districts Summary:Project Dates: 2/7/12: Outline presented at P&Z Regular meeting. Create and adopt new residential zoning districts to implement the future land use and character 2/22/13: P&Z Subcommittee meeting at 8:30 am at designations identified in the Comprehensive Plan. City Hall. Staff Assigned: J. Prochazka, T. RogersAnticipated Completion: Medical District Zoning Districts Summary:Project Dates: Create and adopt Medical and Urban Village zoning districts to implement the new future land use and character designations established by the Medical District Master Plan. Staff Assigned: J. Prochazka, M. Robinson Anticipated Completion: Research and Education Plan Implementation Summary:Project Dates: The linkage between the Comprehensive Plan, Master Plans, and Neighborhood, District, and Corridor Plans. The linkage between regulations, funding, etc and plan implementation. Staff Assigned: P&DS StaffAnticipated Completion: Character and Urban Design Summary:Project Dates: The purpose and definition of community character, urban design, and the role they play in community vitality and success. Staff Assigned: P&DS StaffAnticipated Completion: Affordable Housing and Community Development Summary:Project Dates: Receive updates regarding affordable housing and other community development efforts. Staff Assigned: P&DS StaffAnticipated Completion: On-going п¹» î ±º í Single-Family and Multi-Family Housing Markets Summary:Project Dates: Discuss impact of large amount of new multi-family units and single-family dwellings being used for student rental purposes on the local housing market. Staff Assigned: P&DS StaffAnticipated Completion: п¹» í ±º í Absence Request Form For Elected and Appointed Officers Brad Corrier Name 2/10/2013 Request Submitted on 2/21/2013 I will not be in attendance at the meeting on for the reasons specified: (Date) School Registration & OPAS Event Brad Corrier Signature Ó×ÒËÌÛÍ ÐÔßÒÒ×ÒÙ ú ÆÑÒ×ÒÙ ÝÑÓÓ×ÍÍ×ÑÒ É±®µ­¸±° Ó»»¬·²¹ Ú»¾®«¿®§ éô îðïíô êæðð °ò³ò Ý·¬§ Ø¿´´ ݱ«²½·´ ݸ¿³¾»®­ ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±²ô Ì»¨¿­ COMMISSIONERS PRESENT: Mike Ashfield, Jodi Warner, Jim Ross, Brad Corrier, Vergel Gay, Bo Miles, and Jerome Rektorik COMMISSIONERS ABSENT: None CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: None CITY STAFF PRESENT: Bob Cowell, Lance Simms, Alan Gibbs, Carol Cotter, Jason Schubert, Morgan Hester, Teresa Rogers, Venessa Garza, Joe Guerra, Carla Robinson, Jordan Wood, Jennifer Pate, and Brittany Caldwell 1.Call the meeting to order. Chairman Ashfield called the meeting to order at 6:00 p.m. 2.Discussion of consent and regular agenda items. Chairman Ashfield stated that Regular Agenda Item 7 would be presented, but that the applicant asked that the item be tabled until the Planning & Zoning meeting on February 21, 2013. There was general discussion regarding Regular Agenda Item 6. 3.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding the adoption of the proposed 2013 (J. Schubert) P&Z Plan of Work (see attached). Principal Planner Schubert presented the proposed 2013 P&Z Plan of Work. Commissioner Warner motioned to adopt the proposed 2013 P&Z Plan of Work. Commissioner Rektorik seconded the motion passed, motion passed (7-0). 4.Presentation, discussion, and possible action of a Semi-Annual Report on Impact Fees 92- (C. Cotter) 01, 97-01, 97-02B, 99-01, and 03-02. Senior Assistant City Engineer Cotter presented the Semi-Annual Report on the above impact fees. February 7, 2013 P&Z Workshop Meeting Minutes Page 1 of 3 Commissioner Warner motioned to forward the Semi Annual Report on Impact Fees 92-01, 97-01, 97-02B, 99-01, and 03-02 to City Council. Commissioner Rektorik seconded the motion, motion passed (7-0). 5.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an update on the Economic (B. Cowell) Development Master Plan. Executive Director Cowell gave an update regarding the Economic Development Master Plan. There was general discussion amongst the Commission regarding the Master Plan. 6.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an update on the following items: A rezoning from CI Commercial Industrial, to GC General Commercial, for approximately 1.2 acres at 3800 State Highway 6 South. The Planning & Zoning Commission heard this item on December 6 and voted 6-0 to recommend approval. The City Council heard this item on January 10 and voted 7-0 to approve the rezoning request. An amendment to the Unified Development Ordinance, providing a reference to the Easterwood Field Airport Zoning Ordinance. The Planning & Zoning Commission heard this item on December 20 and voted 4-0 to recommend approval. The City Council heard this item on January 10 and voted 7-0 to approve the amendment. Chairman Ashfield reviewed the above-referenced items that had been heard by the Planning & Zoning Commission and City Council. 7.Presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding the P&Z Calendar of Upcoming Meetings. Tuesday, February 12, 2013 ~ South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Public Meeting (Biking & Walking Facilities) ~ South Knoll Elementary School cafeteria ~ 7:00 p.m. Thursday, February 14, 2013 ~ City Council Meeting ~ Council Chambers ~ (Liaison V. Gay) Workshop 6:00 p.m. and Regular 7:00 p.m. Tuesday, February 18, 2013 ~ Design Workshop for Wellborn District Plan ~ Wellborn Community Center ~ 9:00 a.m. 4:00 p.m. Monday, February 19, 2013 ~ Design Workshop for Wellborn District Plan ~ Wellborn Community Center ~ 1:00 p.m. 4:00 p.m. and 6:00 p.m. 7:00 p.m. (Public Presentation) Tuesday, February 19, 2013 ~ South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Public Meeting (HOA & Neighborhood Assoc.) ~ South Knoll Elementary School cafeteria ~ 7:00 p.m. Tuesday, February 26, 2013 ~ South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Public Meeting (On- Street Parking) ~ South Knoll Elementary School cafeteria ~ 7:00 p.m. February 7, 2013 P&Z Workshop Meeting Minutes Page 2 of 3 Thursday, February 21, 2013 ~ P&Z Meeting ~ Council Chambers ~ Workshop 6:00 p.m. and Regular 7:00 p.m. Chairman Ashfield reviewed the upcoming meeting dates with the Planning and Zoning Commission. 8.Discussion, review and possible action regarding the following meetings: Design Review Board, Joint Parks / Planning & Zoning Subcommittee, South Knoll Neighborhood Plan Resource Team, BioCorridor Committee, Zoning District Subcommittee, Joint Task Force on Neighborhood Parking Issues, and Wellborn District Plan Resource Team. Commissioner Miles gave an update on the BioCorridor Committee 9.Discussion and possible action on future agenda items A Planning & Zoning Member may inquire about a subject for which notice has not been given. A statement of specific factual information or the recitation of existing policy may be given. Any deliberation shall be limited to a proposal to place the subject on an agenda for a subsequent meeting. There was no discussion regarding future agenda items. 10.Adjourn. The meeting was adjourned at 6:56 p.m. Approved: Attest: ______________________________ ________________________________ Mike Ashfield, Chairman Brittany Caldwell, Admin. Support Specialist Planning & Zoning Commission Planning & Development Services February 7, 2013 P&Z Workshop Meeting Minutes Page 3 of 3 Ó×ÒËÌÛÍ ÐÔßÒÒ×ÒÙ ú ÆÑÒ×ÒÙ ÝÑÓÓ×ÍÍ×ÑÒ Î»¹«´¿® Ó»»¬·²¹ Ú»¾®«¿®§ éô îðïíô éæðð °ò³ò Ý·¬§ Ø¿´´ ݱ«²½·´ ݸ¿³¾»®­ ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±²ô Ì»¨¿­ COMMISSIONERS PRESENT: Mike Ashfield, Jodi Warner, Jim Ross, Brad Corrier, Vergel Gay, Bo Miles, and Jerome Rektorik COMMISSIONERS ABSENT: None CITY COUNCIL MEMBERS PRESENT: Julie Schultz CITY STAFF PRESENT: Bob Cowell, Lance Simms, Alan Gibbs, Jason Schubert, Morgan Hester, Teresa Rogers, Venessa Garza, Joe Guerra, Carla Robinson, Jordan Wood, Jennifer Pate, and Brittany Caldwell Call Meeting to Order 1. Chairman Ashfield called the meeting to order at 7:00 p.m. Pledge of Allegiance 2. Hear Citizens 3. No one spoke. Consent Agenda 4. All items approved by Consent are approved with any and all staff recommendations. 4.1Consideration, discussion, and possible action to approve meeting Minutes. January 17, 2012 ~ Workshop January 17, 2012 ~ Regular Commissioner Miles motioned to approve Consent Agenda Item 4.1. Commissioner Rektorik seconded the motion, motion passed (7-0). Regular Agenda 5.Consideration, discussion, and possible action on items removed from the Consent Agenda by Commission action. No items were removed from the Consent Agenda. February 7, 2013 P&Z Regular Meeting Minutes Page 1 of 3 6.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an amendment to the Code of Ordinances of the City of College Station, Texas by rezoning approximately 1.27 acres from R-1 Single-Family Residential to O Office for the property located at 1402 Earl Rudder Freeway South, generally located at the northwest corner of the Earl Case #13-900002 Rudder Freeway South frontage road and University Oaks Boulevard. (M. Hester) (Note: Final action on this item is scheduled for the February 28, 2013 City Council Meeting -subject to change) Commissioner Miles recused himself because he is the owner of the property and left the meeting. Staff Planner Hester presented the rezoning and recommended approval. Glenn Jones, J4 Engineering, stated that he was available for questions. Chairman Ashfield opened the public hearing. Paul Martinez, 1405 Tara Court, College Station, Texas, stated that he did not feel that Suburban Commercial was an appropriate land use for the property. Ms. Hester clarified that the rezoning was R-1 Single-Family Residential to O Office and the property is designated as Suburban Commercial in the Comprehensive Plan. Mr. Jones stated that the plan is currently a single-tenant building for a local insurance office. He said that they intend to meet all the requirements and want to leave as much natural landscape as possible. There was general discussion amongst the Commission regarding the rezoning. Chairman Ashfield closed the public hearing. Commissioner Rektorik motioned to recommend approval of the rezoning. Commissioner Corrier seconded the motion, motion passed (6-0-1). 7.Public hearing, presentation, discussion, and possible action regarding an amendment to the Code of Ordinances of the City of College Station, Texas by rezoning approximately 6.3 acres from PDD Planned Development District to PDD Planned Development District Case #12- to amend the concept plan for the property located at 301 Southwest Parkway. 00500247 (T. Rogers) (Note: Final action on this item is scheduled for the February 28, 2013 City Council Meeting -subject to change) Commissioner Miles returned to the meeting. February 7, 2013 P&Z Regular Meeting Minutes Page 2 of 3 Staff Planner Rogers presented the rezoning and stated that the applicant had requested that the item be tabled. Due to the item being tabled, she said that the recommendation was no longer denial and was working over the details. Chairman Ashfield opened the public hearing. No one spoke during the public hearing. Chairman Ashfield closed the public hearing. There was general discussion amongst the Commission and Staff regarding the rezoning. Commissioner Miles motioned to table the rezoning until February 21, 3013. Commissioner Rektorik seconded the motion, motion passed (7-0). 8.Presentation, discussion, and possible action on an update to the Commission regarding the creation of new residential zoning districts in compliance with the Comprehensive Case #13-00900030 (T. Rogers/J. Prochazka) Plan. Staff Planner Rogers gave an update regarding the creation of the new residential zoning districts. There was general discussion amongst the Commission and Staff regarding the zoning districts. 9.Discussion and possible action on future agenda items A Planning & Zoning Member may inquire about a subject for which notice has not been given. A statement of specific factual information or the recitation of existing policy may be given. Any deliberation shall be limited to a proposal to place the subject on an agenda for a subsequent meeting. There was no discussion regarding future agenda items. 10.Adjourn. The meeting was adjourned at 7:27 p.m. Approved: Attest: ______________________________ ________________________________ Mike Ashfield, Chairman Brittany Caldwell, Admin. Support Specialist Planning & Zoning Commission Planning & Development Services February 7, 2013 P&Z Regular Meeting Minutes Page 3 of 3 PRELIMINARY PLAT for Indian Lakes Ph 14 12-00500198 SCALE: Five lots on approximately 5.89 acres LOCATION: Generally located off of Anasazi Bluff Dr in the College Station Extraterritorial Jurisdiction (ETJ). ZONING: N/A (ETJ) APPLICANT: Travis Martinek, Smiling Mallard Development, Ltd. PROJECT MANAGER: Morgan Hester, Staff Planner mhester@cstx.gov RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the Preliminary Plat. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 4 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 4 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: N/A (ETJ) Zoning: N/A (ETJ) Master Planned: Master Plan approved in 2002. Subsequent preliminary plats and final plats have been approved every year since 2004. Site development: Vacant. Five residential lots are proposed, ranging from 1.06 acres to 1.34acres. COMMENTS Water: Provided by Wellborn Special Utility District. Sewer: Sanitary sewer service will be provided by private on-site sewer treatment systems on each lot. These facilities will be permitted by the Brazos County Health Department. Off-site Easements: None at this time. Drainage: Drainage is generally to the north within the Peach Creek Drainage Basin. Flood Plain: There is no FEMA regulated floodplain located on the property. Greenways: N/A Pedestrian Connectivity: This site is located in the ETJ so sidewalks are not required. Bicycle Connectivity: This site is located in the ETJ and no specific facilities for bicycle connectivity are required. Streets: Access will be provided from Indian Lakes Phase 11 via Anasazi Bluff Drive. OversizeRequest: N/A Parkland Dedication Fees: This development was approved as a Master Plan in the ETJ prior to parkland dedication requirements being applicable in the ETJ. Therefore, no parkland dedication is required. Impact Fees: N/A REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Comprehensive Plan and Unified Development Ordinance: 1.The Comprehensive Plan designates this area as Rural. The City, however, does not control land uses in the ETJ. The proposed lots will have access through rural residential streets that connect to Anasazi Bluff Drive and Indian Lakes Drive, a Major Collector on the Thoroughfare Plan. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 4 February 21, 2013 Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: 2.The Preliminary Plat complies with the applicable Subdivision Regulationscontained in the Unified Development Ordinance. STAFF RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends approval of thePreliminaryPlat. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Preliminary Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 4of 4 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for The Barracks II Ph 101 12-00500180 SCALE: 72 lots on 8.57 acres LOCATION: 3156 Haupt Rd ZONING: PDDPlanned Development District APPLICANT: Heath Phillips, Heath Phillips Investments, LLC PROJECT MANAGER: Matt Robinson,AICP,Senior Planner mrobinson@cstx.gov RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 3 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 3 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: 2002 Zoning: A-O Agricultural Open upon annexation A-O Agricultural Open to PDD Planned Development District (2011); PDD Planned Development District to PDD Planned Development District to revise layout and add additional use (2012) Preliminary Plat: 2011, revised in October 2012 Site Development: Phase 100 of the development has been completed.Phase 300 is currently being constructed. COMMENTS Parkland Dedication: Neighborhood park land dedication is being provided to offset the portion of parkland that was previously abandoned in 2012. This additional parkland is being added to parkland tracts 3 and 4 that were previously dedicated. Parkland Dedication fees of $71,064 (72 lots x $987) are due prior to filing of the Final Plat. If the neighborhood park is developed, Parkland Dedication fees of $45,000 (72 lots x $625) would be due prior to filing of the Final Plat. Greenways: N/A Pedestrian Connectivity: Sidewalks are provided on both sides of all streets within the development. Bicycle Connectivity: There are no bike lanes being provided in this phase of the development. Bike lanes are currently provided along Deacon Drive West (Major Collector) and Towers Parkway (Minor Collector). Impact Fees: The subject tract is located within the Steeplechase Sanitary Sewer Impact Fee Area and will be required to pay $357.74/LUE at time of building permit. REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: The proposed Final Plat is in compliance with the Subdivision Requirements contained in the Unified Development Ordinance. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 3 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for CSISD High School 12-00500265 SCALE: Onelot on 61.684 acres LOCATION: 4002 Victoria Ave ZONING: A-O Agricultural Open APPLICANT: Jon Hall, College Station ISD PROJECT MANAGER: Matt Robinson, AICP, Senior Planner mrobinson@cstx.gov RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 3 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 3 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: 1995 Zoning: A-O Agricultural Open upon annexation Preliminary Plat: None Site Development: Developed as a high school. COMMENTS Parkland Dedication: No parkland dedication is required with this development. Greenways: N/A Pedestrian Connectivity: Sidewalks exist along Barron Road and Victoria Avenue. Bicycle Connectivity: Bicycle lanes are striped along Barron Road and Victoria Avenue. Impact Fees: N/A REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: The Final Plat complies with the portion of the Subdivision Regulations relevant to Independent School Districts. The easements necessary for the development of College Station High School and the right-of-way for Victoria Avenue, a minor collector, are being dedicated with the plat. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends approval. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 3 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for Traditions Ph 23 13-00900005 SCALE:Two lots and a common area on 35.96 acres LOCATION: 8751 Health Science Center Parkway ZONING:BC-M BioCorridor Manufacturing District (BioCorridor Planned Development District) APPLICANT:Eddie Hare, Bryan Traditions LP PROJECT MANAGER: Molly Hitchcock, AICP, Assistant Director mhitchcock@cstx.gov RECOMMENDATION:The BioCorridor Review Committee recommends approval of the Final Plat under the conditions that the construction documents are finalized and approved and the public infrastructure be built or surety provided. Planning & Zoning Commission Page 1 of 4 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning Commission Page 2 of 4 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation:1995 Zoning:A-O Agricultural Open (upon annexation) to BC-M BioCorridor Manufacturing District (BioCorridor Planned Development District Ordinance 2012-3448, September 2012) Preliminary Plan: The Preliminary Plan was approved by the BioCorridor Review Committee on February 15, 2013. The BioCorridor Review Committee consists of staff members from the cities of College Station and Bryan. The Committee was granted the authority to approve preliminary plans through the BioCorridor Planned Development District Ordinance. Site Development: Vacant. COMMENTS Water: Water will be served by College Station Utilities. A 12-inch water line along Biomedical Way will connect to the 18-inch water line that will be constructed along Heath Science Center (or HSC) Parkway by the City of College Station in accordance with the interlocal agreement (ILA) with the City of Bryan for a Joint BioCorridor Development Project. Sewer: Sanitary Sewer will be served by the City of Bryan. An 8-inch and 12-inch sanitary sewer line along Biomedical Way will serve the proposed lots and connect to a sanitary sewer lift station being constructed by the City of Bryan in accordance with the ILA in southwest corner of the Preliminary Plan tract. Electric:Electric will be served by College Station Utilities. Streets:Biomedical Way will be constructed as two-lane minor collector. The adjacent HSC Parkway will be being expanded from two lanes to a four-lane minor arterial by the cities of Bryan and College Station in accordance with the ILA. Off-site Easements: Off-site easements are required for the temporary turn around for Biomedical Way and for sewer to connect to the proposed lift station. Drainage:A private drainage easement is proposed between Lots 1 & 2 to convey stormwater to the tributary of Whites Creek located in the common area. Floodplain: There is not FEMA designated floodplain within the plat boundary. Greenways: The greenbelt in the BioCorridor PDD Concept Plan is located within the common area. A blanket Public Access Easement is being dedicated over the common area to allow multi-use paths to provide the opportunity for a future multi-use path. Pedestrian Connectivity: Sidewalks are provided on each side of Biomedical Way. Bicycle Connectivity: Biomedical Way will serve as a bike route. Parkland Dedication: No parkland dedication is proposed and none is required for non- residential projects. Planning & Zoning Commission Page 3 of 4 February 21, 2013 Impact Fees: N/A REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with the Subdivision Regulations of the BioCorridor: The proposed Final Plat is in compliance with the approved Preliminary Plan and the Subdivision Regulations contained in the BioCorridor Planned Development District Ordinance. RECOMMENDATION The BioCorridor Review Committee recommends approval of the Final Plat under the conditions that the construction documents are finalized and approved and the public infrastructure be built or surety provided. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1. Application 2. Copy of approved Preliminary Plan 3. Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning Commission Page 4 of 4 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for College Heights Lot 1R, BlockB Being a Replat of College Heights Lot 1 & 5’ of 2 & Part of Alley, Lot 2 (75’ of), Lot 11 (30’ of) & 20’ of 12, Lot 12 (Part of), Block B 12-00500267 SCALE: Fourlots on approximately 1.12 acres LOCATION: 303 A & B University Drive East, 410 Nimitz Street, 411 & 413 Eisenhower Street ZONING: GC General Commercial APPLICANT: Natalie Ruiz, AICP, IPS Group PROJECT MANAGER: Morgan Hester, Staff Planner mhester@cstx.gov PROJECT SUMMARY: This property was recently rezoned from O Office, C-3 Light Commercial, and R-2 Duplex Residential to GC General Commercial toallow for commercial uses, specifically redevelopment of Aggieland Outfitters that is currently located on one of the lots. Aneasementand alleyabandonment was approved last monthby City Council which willallow for one building to locate on the proposed lot.The purpose of this replat is to consolidate four lots and the abandoned easement and alley into one lot. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 3 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 3 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: April 1951 Zoning: A-P Administrative Professional in September 1976 GC General Commercial in December 2012 FinalPlat: College Heights 1938 Site Development: 303 University Ais being utilized as Aggieland Outfitter’s retail store. Currently located at 303 University Bis an office building. Behind this property, 410 Nimitz Street and 411 and 413 Eisenhower Street are being utilized as residential rental properties. COMMENTS Parkland Dedication: Parkland Dedication is not required for non-residential plats. Greenways: No Greenways are being proposed or required with this request. Pedestrian Connectivity: Sidewalks on NimitzStreetand EisenhowerStreet with connections to University Driveare proposed with the development of the site. Bicycle Connectivity: No bicycle connectivity is being proposed or required with this request. Impact Fees: N/A REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: The proposed Final Plat complies with the Subdivision Regulations contained in the Unified Development Ordinance. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends approval of theFinal Plat. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 3 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for Summit Crossing Block4Lots 1R –20R and Common Area “A1” & “B1” Being a Replat of Summit Crossing Block 4 Lots 1 –24 and Common Area “A” & “B” 12-00500275 SCALE: 20 residential lots on approximately 2.1 acres LOCATION: 1702–1748Lonetree Drive ZONING: PDD Planned Development District APPLICANT: Rabon Metcalf, RME Consulting Engineers PROJECT MANAGER: Morgan Hester,Staff Planner mhester@cstx.gov PROJECT SUMMARY: The request is to replat 24 PDD lots utilized for townhome development with widths ranging from 26 feet to 44 feet of frontage on Lonetree Drive to 20 PDD lots with 32 feet to 39 feet of frontage, thus creating wider lots on average. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 3 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 3 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: September 1980 Zoning: PDD Planned Development District September 2003 Preliminary Plat: April 2008 Site Development: The site is currently undeveloped. COMMENTS Parkland Dedication: Parkland was dedicatedand development fees in lieu werepaid when Summit Crossing Phase 1 was platted in 2008. Greenways: Greenways are not required or proposed with this replat. Pedestrian Connectivity: Pedestrian connectivity is not proposed or required with this replat. Bicycle Connectivity: Bicycle connectivity is not proposed or required with this replat. Impact Fees: N/A REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: The proposed Final Plat complies with the Subdivision Regulations contained in the Unified Development Ordinance. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 3 February 21, 2013 FINAL PLAT for North Point Crossing Being a Replat of North ParkBlock 2 Lots 3-10, North Park Section II Lot 5,Meadowland Addition Lots 1-19, 4.82-acre tract J.E. Scott League, 0.17-acre tract J.E.Scott League A- 50, and 0.54-acre tract being abandoned Meadowland Street Right-of-Way 13-00900021 SCALE: Two lots on approximately 10.293acres LOCATION: 410-420Texas Avenue, 1403-1405UniversityDrive, and 100-147 Meadowland Street, excluding 130-134Meadowland Street. ZONING: PDD Planned Development District APPLICANT: Mitchell & Morgan, LLP PROJECT MANAGER: Jason Schubert,AICP, PrincipalPlanner jschubert@cstx.gov PROJECT OVERVIEW: The proposed Final Plat consolidates several lots, tracts of land, and abandoned right-of-way into two lotsand dedicates public utility and public access easements for the redevelopment of the property in accordance with the PDD zoning approved in 2012. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 1of 3 February 21, 2013 Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 2of 3 February 21, 2013 DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: 1939 Zoning: C-1 General Commercial, C-2 Commercial-Industrial, R-2 Duplex, andR-4 Multi-Family rezoned PDD Planned Development District (2012) PriorPlats: MeadowlandAddition Lots 1-19, North ParkBlock 2 Lots 3-10, andNorth Park Section II Lot 5. Other parts of the plat are tracts of land or abandoned right-of-way. Site development: Multiple abandoneddevelopments including the former Plaza Hotel, Kettle restaurant, gas station,several residential structures alongthe former Meadowland Street have been demolished for the redevelopment of this site. COMMENTS Parkland Dedication: Parkland fees for multi-family units are due with building permit. The fees assessed on Lot 1 (Phase 1 of the site redevelopment) will be $225 per multi-family unit in recognition of the previous University Tower development. The current fees of $1,636 per multi-family unit will be assessed for Lot 2, minus a credit for38 residential units that were demolished in the spring of 2012.An additional 12 units of credit is available on North Park Lots 2-4 along Hensel Street that isnot within the boundary of this plat. Greenways: No greenway dedication is required or proposed. Pedestrian Connectivity: Sidewalks requiredalongUniversity Drive and Texas Avenue. Sidewalks internal to the lots are required and will be provided alongthe public ways when the site is developed. Bicycle Connectivity: No bicycle facilities are required with the plat. An 8-foot path will be provided along the part of the southwestern edge of the property with site developmentin accordance with the PDD Concept Plan. Impact Fees: This plat is not located in an existing impact fee area. REVIEW CRITERIA Compliance with Subdivision Regulations: The proposed Final Platcomplies with the Subdivision Regulations contained in the Unified Development Ordinance. STAFF RECOMMENDATIONS Staff recommends approval of the Final Plat. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1.Application 2.Copy of Final Plat Planning & Zoning CommissionPage 3of 3 February 21, 2013 REZONING REQUEST FOR COPPER CREEK CONDOS 12-00500247 REQUEST: PDD Planned Development District to PDD Planned Development District to amend the Concept Plan. SCALE: One lot on approximately 6.3 acres LOCATION: 301 Southwest Pkwy APPLICANT: Alton Ofczarzak, TDG Management, LP PROJECT MANAGER: Teresa Rogers, Staff Planner trogers@cstx.gov PROJECT OVERVIEW: This request is to amend the current Concept Plan of the PDD Planned Development District. The existing Concept Plan currently allows the development of 1, 2, and 3 bedroom units. It requires the preservation of the floodplain as open space and the development of a multi-use path. Under the current Concept Plan, the development must meet neighborhood protection standards, including increased buffer standards and height restrictions. The applicant is requesting modifications to the parking and building layout adjacent to single-family residential properties. The amendment of the Concept Plan also includes a revision to the number of bedrooms allowed, a reduction in the total number of units, and the addition of a building, office, and pool, which are partially located in the existing floodplain. Most significantly, a modification to the existing floodplain has been proposed, which has been addressed by the applicant in a revised flood study. RECOMMENDATION: Staff recommends approval of the rezoning with the condition that a public access easement be provided to accommodate the multi- use path. Additionally, a drainage easement is required to be provided from the terminus of the multi-use path to the property line. Planning and Zoning Commission Page 1 of 7 January 17, 2013 Planning and Zoning Commission Page 2 of 7 January 17, 2013 Planning and Zoning Commission Page 3 of 7 January 17, 2013 NOTIFICATIONS Advertised Commission Hearing Date: February 7, 2013 Advertised Council Hearing Dates: February 28, 2013 Neighborhood Services have received a courtesy letter of notification of this public hearing: None Property owner notices mailed: 29 Contacts in support: None Contacts in opposition: None Inquiry contacts: 2 ADJACENT LAND USES Direction Comprehensive Plan Zoning Land Use North General Suburban R-1 Single-Family single-family Residential residences, Southland Subdivision South (across General Commercial and PDD Planned undeveloped Southwest Natural Areas Development District Parkway) Reserved East Natural Areas R-4 Multi-Family apartment complex Reserved, Urban West General Commercial GC General shopping center Commercial DEVELOPMENT HISTORY Annexation: 1969 Zoning: R-1 Single-Family Residential upon annexation (1969), R-1 Single-Family Residential to C-1 General Commercial (1975) C-1 General Commercial to PDD Planned Development District (2010) Final Plat: Subject property was final platted as part of William Brooke Hunter Estates in 2004 and subsequently replatted in 2006. Site development: A portion of the property has been developed as a driveway access for the existing Southwest Crossing shopping center. In 2009, portions of the site, including part of the Natural Areas Reserved, were graded and filled to accommodate commercial development. Planning and Zoning Commission Page 4 of 7 January 17, 2013 REVIEW CRITERIA 1. Consistency with the Comprehensive Plan: The subject property is designated as Urban and Natural Areas Reserved on the Comprehensive Plan Future Land Use and Character Map. The proposed rezoning to multi-family is consistent with this designation. 2. Compatibility with the present zoning and conforming uses of nearby property and with the character of the neighborhood: The existing zoning and conforming uses of nearby property are consistent with the proposed use. The proposed multi-family use specified in the PDD is compatible with existing multi-family developments that exist primarily along Southwest Parkway from Welsh Avenue to Wellborn Road. In addition, multi- family uses can serve as a step down intensity from more intense commercial development. The subject property and the adjacent multi-family development to the east are bound by 100-year floodplain and floodway. There is known flooding in the area. In order to prevent further flooding issues, staff and the applicant have studied the impacts the proposed floodplain revisions will have on this property and the surrounding area. 3. Suitability of the property affected by the amendment for uses permitted by the district that would be made applicable by the proposed amendment: The proposed PDD would permit the development of multi-family dwelling units. The property is suitable for the development of multi-family uses. In addition, preliminary flood data has been prepared by the applicant to confirm the location and impact of the revised floodplain. A portion of the property is proposed to remain undeveloped, to function in its natural state, as floodplain with the exception of a proposed multi-use path as shown on the Bicycle, Pedestrian and Greenways Master Plan. The proposed Concept Plan depicts revisions to the floodplain in order to construct a pool, office structure, parking, and portion of one residential building in the existing 100-year floodplain. A revised floodplain study has been submitted by the applicant, and analysis has been completed to determine that these structures will not adversely impact the floodplain and surrounding properties. 4. Suitability of the property affected by the amendment for uses permitted by the district applicable to the property at the time of the proposed amendment: The property is currently zoned PDD Planned Development District, which allows for the development of multi-family uses. Any planned development on the subject property will be required to utilize the shared driveway access off of Southwest Parkway that currently exists. 5. Marketability of the property affected by the amendment for uses permitted by the district applicable to the property at the time of the proposed amendment: The property can currently be marketed under the existing PDD Planned Development District zoning. However, special planning should be done with regard to the existing floodplain located on the property. 6. Availability of water, wastewater, stormwater, and transportation facilities generally suitable and adequate for the proposed use: There is an existing 12-inch water main available to serve this property. Sanitary sewer service to the property is available via an existing 10-inch main. Drainage is mainly to the east within the drainage basin of Bee Creek Tributary B. The property is partially encumbered by 100-year floodplain and floodway. All utilities shall be designed in accordance with BCS Unified Design Guidelines at the time of Planning and Zoning Commission Page 5 of 7 January 17, 2013 site development. Access to the property is available through Southwest Parkway or an existing 50-foot Access Easement with the adjacent property to the west. Existing utilities and access are adequate for the proposed use at this time. In addition, as a condition for approval staff is recommending a public access easement be provided to accommodate the multi-use path and a drainage easement be provided from the terminus of the multi-use path to the property line. REVIEW OF CONCEPT PLAN The following land uses are proposed for the PDD: natural areas of floodplain and open space; and multi-family residential units consisting of approximately 12 dwelling units per acre. The stated purpose statement of the PDD is as follows: -family development. The project will preserve the floodplain as open space and dedicate and develop a multi-use path as shown on the Bicycle, Pedestrian, and Greenways Master Plan. The development will meet neighborhood protection standards to protect the single- The Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) provides the following review criteria for PDD Concept Plans: The proposal will constitute an environment of sustained stability and will be in harmony with the character of the surrounding area; The applicant has proposed a multi- family residential land use, which conforms to the existing character along the segment of Southwest Parkway from Welsh Avenue to Wellborn Road. The majority of property within this area is developed as some form of multi-family dwelling. The Concept Plan calls for the preservation of the flood plain as open space, with the exception of a multi-use path. The applicant has proposed a revised floodplain line in order to accommodate additional structures and a multi-use path on the property. A revised flood study has been completed, and the resulting data shows the Concept Plan will be sustainable and in harmony with the character of the surrounding area. 1. The proposal is in conformity with the policies, goals, and objectives of the Comprehensive Plan, and any subsequently adopted Plans, and will be consistent with the intent and purpose of this Section: The proposed Concept Plan is in conformity with the objectives of the Comprehensive Plan. The applicant has completed an additional flood study to be sensitive to the surrounding developments. Approximately a third of the property is in the floodplain and should remain undeveloped as open space with the exception of the proposed multi-use path. The applicant has provided the necessary data to ensure that the floodplain will be adequately preserved and not adversely impact surrounding properties. In addition, the Concept Plan proposes the development and dedication of a multi-use path as and will be required to restore removed vegetation with appropriate native species. 2. The proposal is compatible with existing or permitted uses on abutting sites and will not adversely affect adjacent development: The proposed development will not adversely affect the adjacent developments. Data has been provided through the revised floodplain study which states flooding issues will be not increased with the construction of this development. 3. Every dwelling unit need not front on a public street but shall have access to a public Planning and Zoning Commission Page 6 of 7 January 17, 2013 street directly or via a court, walkway, public area, or area owned by a homeowners association: The proposed development will take access to Southwest Parkway via a shared driveway access with the Southwest Crossing shopping center to the west and have at least one central access point within the development to the multi-use path. 4. The development includes provision of adequate public improvements, including, but not limited to, parks, schools, and other public facilities: The development includes the dedication and development of a multi-use path as shown on the Bicycle, Pedestrian and Greenways Master Plan. In addition, a public access easement will be provided to accommodate the multi-use path. At the April 13, 2010 Parks and Recreation Advisory Board meeting, the Board approved the request to allocate a portion of Parkland Dedication funds towards the development and construction of the multi-use path. 5. The development will not be detrimental to the public health, safety, welfare, or materially injurious to properties or improvements in the vicinity: The Concept Plan proposes modifications to the existing floodplain. The applicant has provided revised floodplain data to show this development will not be detrimental to the public health, safety, welfare, or materially injurious to properties or improvements in the vicinity. 6. The development will not adversely affect the safety and convenience of vehicular, bicycle, or pedestrian circulation in the vicinity, including traffic reasonably expected to be generated by the proposed use and other uses reasonably anticipated in the area considering existing zoning and land uses in the area: The increased number of trips of 33 vehicles at the peak hour will have minimal affect on the transportation system and No Traffic Impact Analysis (TIA) will be required. However, due to the location of the proposed multi-use path, mid block safety improvements will have to be provided such as a raised median for pedestrian refuge, signage, pavement markers and pedestrian flashers. This improvement would also help with the current safety concern of students crossing at this location for the existing bus stop. These improvements will be the responsibility of the City to provide at a future date. STAFF RECOMMENDATION Staff recommends approval of the rezoning with the condition that a public access easement be provided to accommodate the multi-use path. Additionally, a drainage easement is required to be provided from the terminus of the multi-use path to the property line. SUPPORTING MATERIALS 1. Application 2. Rezoning map 3. Existing Concept Plan (adopted on 7/8/2010, ordinance no. 3256) 4. Proposed Concept Plan Planning and Zoning Commission Page 7 of 7 January 17, 2013 ïïðï Ì»¨¿­ ߪ»²«»ô ÐÑ Þ±¨ ççêð ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±²ô Ì»¨¿­ ééèìî и±²» çéçòéêìòíëéð ñ Ú¿¨ çéçòéêìòíìçê ÓÛÓÑÎßÒÜËÓ Ú»¾®«¿®§ èô îðïí ÌÑæ ̸» д¿²²·²¹ ú Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ÚÎÑÓæ Ì»®»­¿ α¹»®­ô ͬ¿ºº д¿²²»® ÍËÞÖÛÝÌæ Ö±·²¬ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ±² Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ λ½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ λ°±®¬ ׬»³æ Ю»­»²¬¿¬·±²ô ¼·­½«­­·±²ô ¿²¼ °±­­·¾´» ¿½¬·±² ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¿ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¬± Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ±² ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ³¿¼» ¾§ ¬¸» Ö±·²¬ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ±² Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ò Ѿ¶»½¬·ª»æ ׳°´»³»²¬¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ͬ®¿¬»¹·½ д¿² ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» ½®»¿¬·±²­ ±º ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ ½±³³«²·¬§ ½±²½»®²­ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ò Þ¿½µ¹®±«²¼æ ̸» Ö±·²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ±º ¬¸» ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±² Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ¿²¼ д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ©¿­ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ λ­±´«¬·±² ±² Ú»¾®«¿®§ çô îðïîò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ©¿­ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ ½±³³«²·¬§ ½±²½»®²­ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ò ̸» ­½±°» ±º ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ©¿­ ¬± ¹¿¬¸»® ¿²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬» ¼¿¬¿ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ô ­±´·½·¬ ·²°«¬ º®±³ ­¬¿µ»¸±´¼»®­ô º±®³«´¿¬» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ô ¿²¼ º±®©¿®¼ º·²¿´ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¬± ¬¸» д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ º±® º·²¿´ ¿½¬·±²ò °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ¿­ ¿ °®±¾´»³ ¿«¬±³±¾·´»­ ©»®» ´»­­ °®»ª¿´»²¬ò Ó¿²§ ±º ¬¸»­» »­¬¿¾´·­¸»¼ ®»­·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ·²½´«¼» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿¬ ¬·³»­ ©·¬¸ ²± ½«®¾ ¿²¼ ¹«¬¬»®ò Ç·»´¼ ­¬®»»¬­ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¹®»¿¬´§ ¬± ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ©¸»² ©±®µ·²¹ ¿­ ·²¬»²¼»¼ò ر©»ª»®ô ³¿²§ ±º ¬¸»­» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿®» ·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ½±²ª»®¬»¼ ¬± ¸·¹¸ °»®½»²¬¿¹»­ ±º ®»²¬»®ó±½½«°¿²½§ò ß² ·²½®»¿­» ·² ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º °»±°´» °»® ®»­·¼»²½» ¸¿­ ®»­«´¬»¼ ·² ¿ ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²­·¬§ ±º ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ̸»­» ½±²¼·¬·±²­ ¸¿ª» ½¿«­»¼ ¬¸» §·»´¼ ­¬®»»¬ ¼»­·¹² ¬± º¿·´ ·² ³¿²§ ·²­¬¿²½»­ò ß ²«³¾»® ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¿®» »¨°»®·»²½·²¹ ±ª»®½®±©¼·²¹ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ½±²½»®²­ ¼«» ¬± ¿² ·²½®»¿­» ·² ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ß°°®±¿½¸æ ̸» Ý·¬§ ½«®®»²¬´§ «­»­ ¿ ´·³·¬»¼ ²«³¾»® ±º ±°¬·±²­ ¬± ¿´´»ª·¿¬» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ô ©¸·½¸ ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ½±²¬·²«·²¹ò ̸»­» ±°¬·±²­ ·²½´«¼»æ ´¿²¼ «­» °´¿²²·²¹ô ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ô ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °´¿²­ô »²º±®½»³»²¬ô ¿²¼ 1 °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ »¨·­¬·²¹ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ñ°®±½»­­»­ ¾» »¨°¿²¼»¼æ ײ½®»¿­» ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ³·²·³«³ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ º±® ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬± ±²» °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® »¿½¸ ¾»¼®±±³ ·² ¿ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ò Ì®¿ºº·½ Ó¿²¿¹»³»²¬ Ì»¿³ ©¸»² ¬¸»®» ·­ ¿ ­¿º»¬§ ½±²½»®² ª»®·º·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ò Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ²±¬ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± °«¾´·½ ­¿º»¬§ ©·´´ ¾» ¿¼¼®»­­»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ °®·ª¿¬» °®±½»­­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ¼»»¼ ®»­¬®·½¬·±²­ ¿²¼ ½±ª»²¿²¬­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¸»´¼ ³«´¬·°´» ³»»¬·²¹­ ¬± ¼·­½«­­ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±° ¿ ²»© ­»¬ ±º ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ò ײ ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ­¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ³»»¬·²¹­ ©»®» ¸»´¼ ±² Í»°¬»³¾»® îêô îðïî ¿²¼ Ò±ª»³¾»® ïìô îðïî ¬± °®»­»²¬ ²»© °¿®µ·²¹ ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»³¾»®­ ¿²¼ ¹¿·² º»»¼¾¿½µ ±² ¬¸» °®±°±­¿´­ò ߺ¬»® ¼·­½«­­·±²ô Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ³»³¾»®­ ½¸±­» ¬± ´·³·¬ ¬¸» º±½«­ ±º ¬¸»·® »ºº±®¬­ ¬± ½±³³«²·¬§ ½±²½»®²­ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ò ̸»§ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¬¸»·® ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¾¿­»¼ ±² ¸±© ­±´«¬·±²­ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ô »·¬¸»® ¿¬ ¿ ½·¬§ó©·¼» ´»ª»´ ±® ·² ²»© ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸®»» ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ¿·¼ ·² ¬¸» ®»¼«½¬·±² ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ½·¬§ó©·¼»ò ̸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ·²½´«¼»æ ®»º·²» ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ °®±½»­­ ¬± ¿´´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ±² ±²» ±® ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¿ ­¬®»»¬ ½±²½»®²÷ô ·²½®»¿­» ¬¸» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ ¾¿­»¼ ±² ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º ¾»¼®±±³­ °®±ª·¼»¼ô ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®» ²± ³±®» ¬¸¿² ëðû ±º ¬¸» º®±²¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ¾» «­»¼ º±® °¿®µ·²¹ ±® ¾» ·³°»®ª·±«­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ º±® ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬­æ º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ °®±¬»½¬·±² ¦±²»­ ¿²¼ ³·²·³«³ ¹¿®¿¹»ñ®»¯«·®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ­»¬¾¿½µ­ò ײ ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©±«´¼ ¿´­± ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ­±´«¬·±²ô ­»´»½¬»¼ º®±³ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ­·¨ ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ±°¬·±²­æ ©·¼» ­¬®»»¬­ô ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ô °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ °´¿¬¬·²¹ô ¿´´»§óº»¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô ©·¼» ´±¬ º®±²¬¿¹»­ô ±® ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ò ͱ³» ­±´«¬·±²­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ °´¿¬¬·²¹ô ©±«´¼ ®»¯«·®» ¬¸» °®±ª·­·±² ±º ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ³»¿­«®»­ ¬± »²­«®» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»ò 2 ׺ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ¿°°®±ª»­ ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¹·ª»² ¾§ ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½»ô Ý·¬§ ͬ¿ºº ©±«´¼ ¾»¹·² ¬± ½®»¿¬» ±®¼·²¿²½»­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ ¬¸» ½±²½»®²­ ±«¬´·²»¼ ¿¾±ª»ò Ы¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹­ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¸»´¼ ¾»¹·²²·²¹ ·² ¬¸» ­°®·²¹ô ¬± ¹¿¬¸»® ·²°«¬ º®±³ ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ±®¼·²¿²½» ´¿²¹«¿¹»ò ׬ ·­ ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿³»²¼³»²¬­ ³¿§ ¾» °®»­»²¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² º±® ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸»² ¬± Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ º±® º·²¿´ ¿½¬·±² ·² ¬¸» ­«³³»®ò ߬¬¿½¸³»²¬æ Ö±·²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» λ½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ λ°±®¬ 3 Ö±·²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» λ½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ λ°±®¬ ß Ö±·²¬ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ п®µ·²¹ Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ±º ¬¸» ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±² Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ¿²¼ д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ©¿­ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¬¸®±«¹¸ Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ λ­±´«¬·±² ±² Ú»¾®«¿®§ çô îðïîò ̸» ­½±°» ±º ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ©¿­ ¬± ¹¿¬¸»® ¿²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬» ¼¿¬¿ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ô ­±´·½·¬ ·²°«¬ º®±³ ­¬¿µ»¸±´¼»®­ô º±®³«´¿¬» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ô ¿²¼ º±®©¿®¼ º·²¿´ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¬± ¬¸» д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ º±® º·²¿´ ¿½¬·±²ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ½±²­·­¬»¼ ±º ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¿°°±·²¬»¼ ݱ«²½·´ Ó»³¾»®­ ¿²¼ д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±²»®­æ ݱ«²½·´ Ó»³¾»® Þ´¿²½¸» Þ®·½µ øݸ¿·®÷ ݱ³³·­­·±²»® Ö»®±³» 뵬±®·µ ݱ«²½·´ Ó»³¾»® Ö«´·» ͽ¸«´¬¦ ݱ³³·­­·±²»® Ö·³ α­­ ݱ«²½·´ Ó»³¾»® Ü¿ª·¼ Ϋ»­·²µ ݱ³³·­­·±²»® Ö±¼· É¿®²»® ̸» ×­­«» ̸» ô «°¼¿¬»¼ ·² îðïîô ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ¿­ ¿ °®±¾´»³ ¿ºº»½¬·²¹ ¬¸» Ýò ׬ ·­ ·³°±®¬¿²¬ ¬± °®±¬»½¬ ¬¸» «²·¯«» ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¾»½¿«­» ¬¸»§ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¹®»¿¬´§ ¬± ¿ «²·¯«» ­»²­» ±º °´¿½» ¿²¼ ½±³³«²·¬§ ·¼»²¬·¬§ò Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ¸¿­ ¿² ·³°¿½¬ ±² ¬¸» ¯«¿´·¬§ ¿²¼ ­¬¿¾·´·¬§ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ò Ѳ» ©¿§ ¬± ³¿·²¬¿·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ·²¬»¹®·¬§ ·­ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ­±´«¬·±²­ ¿·³»¼ ¿¬ ¼»½®»¿­·²¹ ±²ó ­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ò ײ ±®¼»® ¬± ·¼»²¬·º§ »ºº»½¬·ª» ­±´«¬·±²­ô ·¬ ·­ ·³°±®¬¿²¬ ¬± º·®­¬ «²¼»®­¬¿²¼ ©¸¿¬ º¿½¬±®­ ¿²¼ ­·¬«¿¬·±²­ ½¿«­» º¿·´·²¹ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ½±²¼·¬·±²­ò ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ´±½¿¬»¼ °®·³¿®·´§ ©·¬¸·² Û¿­¬¹¿¬»ô ͱ«¬¸­·¼»ô ¿²¼ ͱ«¬¸ Õ²±´´ ¿®»¿­ ¿«¬±³±¾·´»­ ©»®» ´»­­ °®»ª¿´»²¬ò Ó¿²§ ±º ¬¸»­» »­¬¿¾´·­¸»¼ ®»­·¼»²¬·¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ·² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ·²½´«¼» ­¬®»»¬­ ½±²­·­¬·²¹ ±º ²¿®®±© °¿ª»³»²¬ô ¿¬ ¬·³»­ ©·¬¸ ²± ½«®¾ ¿²¼ ¹«¬¬»®ò ̸»­» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿´´±© º±® ¬©±ó©¿§ ¬®¿ºº·½ ¿²¼ ´·³·¬»¼ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ̸»­» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ©»®» ½®»¿¬»¼ ¿¬ ¿ ¬·³» ©¸»² ª»¸·½´»­ ©»®» ²±¬ ¿­ ¿¾«²¼¿²¬å ©·¬¸ ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ô ­³¿´´ ´±¬­ô ¿²¼ ´·³·¬»¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò Ç·»´¼ ­¬®»»¬­ ½±²¬®·¾«¬» ¹®»¿¬´§ ¬± ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ½¸¿®¿½¬»® ©¸»² ©±®µ·²¹ ¿­ ·²¬»²¼»¼ò ر©»ª»®ô ³¿²§ ±º ¬¸»­» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿®» ·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¬¸¿¬ ¸¿ª» ½±²ª»®¬»¼ ¬± ¸·¹¸ °»®½»²¬¿¹»­ ±º ®»²¬»®ó±½½«°¿²½§ò ر«­»­ ±®·¹·²¿´´§ ·²¬»²¼»¼ º±® ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ±½½«°¿²½§ ¿®» ¾»·²¹ «¬·´·¦»¼ ¿­ ·²ª»­¬³»²¬ °®±°»®¬§ ±® ¾»·²¹ ¼»³±´·­¸»¼ ¿²¼ ®»°´¿½»¼ ¾§ ´¿®¹»® ¸±«­»­ ©·¬¸ ³±®» ¾»¼®±±³­ô ©¸·½¸ ¿®» ®»²¬»¼ò ß² ·²½®»¿­» ·² ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º °»±°´» °»® ®»­·¼»²½» ¸¿­ ®»­«´¬»¼ ·² ¿ ¸·¹¸»® ¼»²­·¬§ ±º ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ̸»­» ½±²¼·¬·±²­ ¸¿ª» ½¿«­»¼ ¬¸» §·»´¼ ­¬®»»¬ ¼»­·¹² ¬± º¿·´ ·² ³¿²§ ·²­¬¿²½»­ò п®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ±² ¬¸»­» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿®» ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ®¿°·¼´§ ·²½®»¿­·²¹ °±°«´¿¬·±²ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¸¿­ ®»­¬®¿·²»¼ ·¬­»´º ¬± ¬¸» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±º ¿ ­»¬ ±º ¬±±´­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ·­­«»­ò ï ¤ п¹» ß­ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ·²½®»¿­»­ ±² §·»´¼ ­¬®»»¬­ ·¬ ¿´­± ½¿«­»­ ¿­­±½·¿¬»¼ ·³°¿½¬­ ±² »³»®¹»²½§ ­»®ª·½» ¼»´·ª»®§ò ɸ»² ª»¸·½´»­ º·´´ ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ­¬®»»¬­ ¾«·´¬ ¬± §·»´¼ ¼»­·¹² ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ô º·®» ¬®«½µ­ ½¿²²±¬ °¿­­ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ ¬± ®»¿½¸ ½·¬·¦»²­ ·² ²»»¼ ±º ¿­­·­¬¿²½»ò ß ²«³¾»® ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¸¿ª» »¨°»®·»²½»¼ ±ª»®½®±©¼·²¹ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ½±²½»®²­ ¼«» ¬± ¿² ·²½®»¿­» ·² ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò Ý«®®»²¬ ß°°®±¿½¸ ̸» Ý·¬§ ½«®®»²¬´§ «­»­ ¿ ´·³·¬»¼ ²«³¾»® ±º ±°¬·±²­ ¬± ¿´´»ª·¿¬» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ò ̸»­» ±°¬·±²­ ·²½´«¼» ´¿²¼ «­» °´¿²²·²¹ô ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ô ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °´¿²­ô ½±¼» »²º±®½»³»²¬ô ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ­±´«¬·±²­ ¿®» ²»½»­­¿®§ ¬± °®»ª»²¬ º«®¬¸»® »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ½±²½»®²­ò ̸» º·®­¬ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ±º ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ·­ ¬± ½±²¬·²«» ½«®®»²¬ °®¿½¬·½»­ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´´§ô ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ »¨·­¬·²¹ ±°¬·±²­ ¾» »¨°¿²¼»¼ò  ⪸ɱªªÃªÐ ɸ»² ¼·ºº»®»²¬ ´¿²¼ «­»­ ¿®» ­»°¿®¿¬»¼ º¿® º®±³ ±²» ¿²±¬¸»® ¬¸»§ ®»¯«·®» ¹®»¿¬»® ¼·­¬¿²½»­ ±º ¬®¿ª»´ò ̸·­ ½®»¿¬»­ ¿² »²ª·®±²³»²¬ ©¸»®» ¸±³»­ô ¶±¾­ô ¿²¼ ­¸±°°·²¹ ¿®» ­»¹®»¹¿¬»¼ ¿²¼ ±º¬»² ®»¯«·®» ª»¸·½´»­ ¬± ¬®¿ª»´ º®±³ ±²» «­» ¬± ¬¸» ²»¨¬ò ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±² ·­ ¼±³·²¿¬»¼ ¾§ ­«¾«®¾¿² ­¬§´» ´¿²¼ «­»­ ¬¸¿¬ »²½±«®¿¹» ¬¸» «­» ±º ª»¸·½´»­ ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®» ·²¬»²­·ª» ¿³±«²¬­ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ò Ô¿²¼ Ë­» д¿²²·²¹ ¿´´±©­ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ¬± °®»°¿®» º±® ¿ ½±³°¿¬·¾´» ³·¨ ±º «­»­ô ©·¬¸·² ±²» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ±® ¿­ ­»°¿®¿¬» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬­ô ©¸»®» ­¸¿®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® º±®³­ ±º ¬®¿²­°±®¬¿¬·±² ³¿§ ¾» ·²½±®°±®¿¬»¼ò Ô¿¬»®ô ¿¬ ¬¸» ­·¬» °´¿²²·²¹ ­¬¿¹»ô ´¿®¹»® ­½¿´» ­·²¹´»ó«­» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬­ ½¿² ¾» ¼»­·¹²»¼ ¬± »²½±«®¿¹» ©¿´µ·²¹ô ¾·½§½´·²¹ô ¿²¼ ¬®¿²­·¬ «­» ¬± ³·²·³·¦» ¬¸» ¿³±«²¬ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ­·¬»ò  `±£—«ª†ÆÐk±†Ã£ª Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ ¿®» ½·¬§ ±®¼·²¿²½»­ ½®»¿¬»¼ ¬± °®±³±¬» ¬¸» °«¾´·½ ¸»¿´¬¸ô ­¿º»¬§ô ¿²¼ ¹»²»®¿´ ©»´º¿®» ±º ¬¸» ½·¬·¦»²­ò Ó±®» ­°»½·º·½¿´´§ô ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ ¿®» ¬¸» ³»½¸¿²·­³ º±® ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ ´·³·¬­ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ®»­·¼»²½»­ ¬± º±«® «²®»´¿¬»¼ °»±°´» ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®»­ ¿ ³·²·³«³ ±º ¬©± ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½»­ º±® »¿½¸ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ò ̸·­ ¹«¿®¿²¬»»­ ¬¸¿¬ »¿½¸ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ®»­·¼»²½» ©·´´ ¸¿ª» ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ³¿§ ®»¼«½» ½±²¹»­¬·±² ±º ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¿² ·²½®»¿­» ±º ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ³·²·³«³ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ º±® ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬± ±²» °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® »¿½¸ ¾»¼®±±³ ·² ¿ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ò ÛÃÐÆ£”Æ££—±ªªÃªÐª—ñ†kÐ ·²½´«¼»­ ¿ ³«´¬·ó­¬»° °®±½»­­ò ̸®±«¹¸ ¬¸» Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ д¿² ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»³¾»®­ ·¼»²¬·º§ ·­­«»­ ¬¸¿¬ ­¸±«´¼ ¾» ¿¼¼®»­­»¼ò Ò»¨¬ô Ý·¬§ ­¬¿ºº ½±³°·´»­ ¼¿¬¿ ¿²¼ ©±®µ­ ©·¬¸ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ³»³¾»®­ ¬± ¿²¿´§¦» µ»§ ·­­«»­ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±° »¿½¸ °´¿²ò Ѳ½» ¿ °´¿² ·­ ½±³°´»¬»¼ °«¾´·½ ²±¬·º·½¿¬·±²­ ¿®» ­»²¬ ±«¬ º±® ¿ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ¿²¼ ݱ«²½·´ ¿½¬·±²ò î ¤ п¹» Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °´¿²­ ¿­­·­¬ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ·² ¼»ª»´±°·²¹ ¿®»¿ó­°»½·º·½ ¿°°®±¿½¸»­ ¬± ·³°´»³»²¬·²¹ °¿®µ·²¹ ¹±¿´­ò ߬ ¬¸·­ ´»ª»´ô °´¿²­ ½¿² º±½«­ ±² ·¼»²¬·º§·²¹ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ­°»½·º·½ ¬± ­³¿´´ ¼»º·²»¼ ¿®»¿­ò ̸»­» °´¿²­ ¿®» ¿ ¸»´°º«´ ¬±±´ ·² ·¼»²¬·º§·²¹ µ²±©² °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ °®±¾´»³­ò ͬ¿ºº ¿²¼ ½·¬·¦»²­ °®±°±­» ­±´«¬·±²­ º±® ¬¸»­» °®±¾´»³­ ¬± ¾» ·³°´»³»²¬»¼ ·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °´¿²­ò ªø£”«ª† п®µ·²¹ »²º±®½»³»²¬ ·­ ¿ ®»¿½¬·ª» ¬±±´ «­»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» ½·¬§ ¬± °®»ª»²¬ ª»¸·½´»­ º®±³ °¿®µ·²¹ ·´´»¹¿´´§ò Þ±¬¸ ¬¸» д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Í»®ª·½»­ Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ¿²¼ ¬¸» б´·½» Ü»°¿®¬³»²¬ ¿®» ®»­°±²­·¾´» º±® »²­«®·²¹ ½±³°´·¿²½» ©·¬¸ Ý·¬§ ½±¼»­ ¿²¼ ±®¼·²¿²½»­ò Ý·¬¿¬·±²­ ³¿§ ¾» ·­­«»¼ ¾§ ¾±¬¸ ¼»°¿®¬³»²¬­ ©¸»² ¿ °¿®µ·²¹ ª·±´¿¬·±² ±½½«®­ò д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ü»ª»´±°³»²¬ Í»®ª·½»­ ¸¿­ º±«® º«´´ó¬·³» »³°´±§»»­ ¿²¼ »·¹¸¬ °¿®¬ó¬·³» »³°´±§»»­ ©¸± ©±®µ ·² ¬¸» Ò±®¬¸¹¿¬» Ü·­¬®·½¬ ¬¸¿¬ô ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ±¬¸»® ¼«¬·»­ô ¿®» ®»­°±²­·¾´» º±® °®±ª·¼·²¹ °¿®µ·²¹ »²º±®½»³»²¬ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» Ò±®¬¸¹¿¬» ¿®»¿ò ̸» Ò±®¬¸¹¿¬» Ü·­¬®·½¬ »³°´±§»»­ ³±²·¬±® ïðí ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ³»¬»®­ô ¿ ïïéó­°¿½» ­«®º¿½» °¿®µ·²¹ ´±¬ô ¿²¼ ´±±µ º±® ª·±´¿¬·±²­ ­«½¸ ¿­ °¿®µ·²¹ ·² ¿ º·®» ´¿²»ô °¿®µ·²¹ ·² ¿ ¾·µ» ´¿²»ô ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ¬±± ½´±­» ¬± ¿ º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ò ײ îðïîô ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ·­­«»¼ êôìîë °¿®µ·²¹ ½·¬¿¬·±²­ ·² ¬¸» Ò±®¬¸¹¿¬» ¿®»¿ò  É”´ÃªÐÆ«£`±ɔ£Ð”« Ý«®®»²¬´§ô °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ °»®³·¬¬»¼ ±² ¿´´ ½·¬§ ­¬®»»¬­ «²´»­­ °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¾§ ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿²¼ ©¸»®» °®±¸·¾·¬»¼ ¾§ ­¬¿¬» ´¿©ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ½±²­·¼»® ®»³±ª·²¹ °¿®µ·²¹ ±² ±²» ±® ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¿ ½±²½»®² ª»®·º·»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ò ̸» Ý·¬§ ©±«´¼ ½±²¬·²«» ¬± ®»½»·ª» °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ®»¯«»­¬­ º®±³ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ±® ½·¬·¦»²­ ¿²¼ »ª¿´«¿¬» ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¸¿­ ±² °«¾´·½ ­¿º»¬§ ·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿ò ­¬®»»¬­æ ïòݱ²½»®² ײ·¬·¿¬·±² ß ½·¬·¦»² ·²º±®³­ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±º ¿ °±¬»²¬·¿´ °®±¾´»³ ®»­«´¬·²¹ º®±³ ±²ó ­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ øÝ·¬·¦»² ײ·¬·¿¬»¼÷ ±® ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±¾­»®ª»­ ¬¸» ²»»¼ ¬± ®»³±ª» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ º®±³ ¿ ­¬®»»¬ø­÷ øÝ·¬§ ײ·¬·¿¬»¼÷ò îòݱ²½»®² Ûª¿´«¿¬·±² ½·¬·¦»² ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ ®»¯«»­¬ ±® ½·¬§ ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ ½±²½»®² ¿²¼ ¿²¿´§¦» ¬¸» ·³°¿½¬ »¨·­¬·²¹ ±²ó ­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¸¿­ ±² °«¾´·½ ­¿º»¬§ò ׺ ¬¸» »¨·­¬·²¹ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¼»¬»®³·²»¼ ¬± ·³°¿½¬ °«¾´·½ ­¿º»¬§ô ¬¸» ÌÓÌ ©·´´ ¿°°®±ª» ¿ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ©¸·½¸ ©·´´ ¾» ·²½´«¼»¼ ±² ¿ º«¬«®» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ß¹»²¼¿ ¿­ ¿ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ò íòЫ¾´·½ Ò±¬·½» л® ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² º®±³ ¬¸» ÌÓÌ ¬± ®»³±ª» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ±² ¿ ­°»½·º·½ ­¬®»»¬ø­÷ô ²±¬·½»­ ©·´´ ¾» ³¿·´»¼ ¬± °®±°»®¬§ ±©²»®­ ¿²¼ ®»­·¼»²¬­ ±² ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ø­÷ ©¸»®» °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ °®±°±­»¼ ¬± ¾» ®»³±ª»¼ò ̸»­» ²±¬·½»­ ©·´´ °®±ª·¼» ¬¸» ¼¿¬» ±º ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ³»»¬·²¹ ©¸»² ¬¸» °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ º±® ¬¸» °®±°±­»¼ ±®¼·²¿²½» ©·´´ ±½½«®ò ìòЫ¾´·½ Ø»¿®·²¹ ̸» °®±°±­¿´ ¬± ®»³±ª» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ º®±³ ¿ ­°»½·º·»¼ ­¬®»»¬ø­÷ ©·´´ ¾» °®»­»²¬»¼ ¬± ½±«²½·´ô º±´´±©»¼ ¾§ ¿ °«¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹ ©¸»®» ½·¬·¦»²­ ½¿² ª±·½» ¬¸»·® ±°·²·±²­ò ̸»² ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ½¿² ¼·­½«­­ ¿²¼ ª±¬» ±² ¬¸» °®±°±­»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ±®¼·²¿²½»ò í ¤ п¹» ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ±²´§ °«®­«» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ·²·¬·¿¬»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©¸»² ·¬ ·­ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± °«¾´·½ ­¿º»¬§ò ײ ¿´´ ±¬¸»® ½¿­»­ô ¬¸» ·²¼·ª·¼«¿´ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ©±«´¼ ²»»¼ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ °®·ª¿¬» °®±½»­­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ¼»»¼ ®»­¬®·½¬·±²­ ¿²¼ ½±ª»²¿²¬­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»ª·»©»¼ ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ п®µ·²¹ λ³±ª¿´ Ю±¹®¿³ ¼«®·²¹ ·¬­ ³»»¬·²¹­ ¿²¼ ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸» °®±½»­­ ¾» ½±²¬·²«»¼ ¿²¼ »²º±®½»¼ ©·¬¸ ¬¸» ²±¬»¼ ®»º·²»³»²¬­ò λ½±³³»²¼»¼ ͱ´«¬·±²­ ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¸»´¼ ­·¨ ³»»¬·²¹­ ¬± ¼·­½«­­ ¿²¼ ¼»ª»´±° ¿ ­»¬ ±º ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ò ײ ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ­¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® ³»»¬·²¹­ ©»®» ¸»´¼ ±² Í»°¬»³¾»® îêô îðïî ¿²¼ Ò±ª»³¾»® ïìô îðïî ¬± °®»­»²¬ ²»© °¿®µ·²¹ ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ½±³³«²·¬§ ³»³¾»®­ ¿²¼ ¹¿·² º»»¼¾¿½µ ±² ¬¸» °®±°±­¿´­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ·¼»²¬·º·»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸®»» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ ½±²¬»¨¬­æ »­¬¿¾´·­¸»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ©·¬¸ »¨·­¬·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ô »­¬¿¾´·­¸»¼ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ©·¬¸ »³»®¹·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ô ¿²¼ º«¬«®» ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ©·¬¸ °±¬»²¬·¿´ °®±¾´»³­ò ߺ¬»® ¼·­½«­­·±²ô Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ³»³¾»®­ ½¸±­» ¬± ´·³·¬ ¬¸» º±½«­ ±º ¬¸»·® »ºº±®¬­ ¬± ½±³³«²·¬§ ½±²½»®²­ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­­«»­ ®»´¿¬»¼ ¬± »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ò ̸»§ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¬¸»·® ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¾¿­»¼ ±² ¸±© ­±´«¬·±²­ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¿°°´·»¼ô »·¬¸»® ¿¬ ¿ ½·¬§ó©·¼» ´»ª»´ ±® ·² ²»© ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» º«®¬¸»® ¼»º·²»¼ »¨·­¬·²¹ ½·¬§ °®¿½¬·½»­ ¬¸¿¬ ©¿®®¿²¬ »¨°¿²­·±² ±® ¿¼¶«­¬³»²¬ò Þ¿­»¼ ±² ³»»¬·²¹ ¼·­½«­­·±²­ ¿²¼ ­¬¿µ»¸±´¼»® º»»¼¾¿½µô ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ¬± д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² ¿²¼ Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´æ Ý·¬§ó©·¼» λ½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¿ ­»¬ ±º ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ¿·¼ ·² ¬¸» ®»¼«½¬·±² ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ½·¬§ó©·¼»ò ̸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ­¸±«´¼ ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® ®»¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò ñª”Õøø®Â†”†É”´ÃªÐÆ•kÔ«ª† Ý«®®»²¬´§ô ݱ´´»¹» ͬ¿¬·±² ®»¯«·®»­ ¿ ³·²·³«³ ±º ¬©± ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½»­ º±® »¿½¸ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ «²·¬ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¿² ·²½®»¿­» ±º ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ ³·²·³«³ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ º±® ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ­¬¿²¼¿®¼ ¬± ±²» °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½» ®»¯«·®»¼ º±® »¿½¸ ¾»¼®±±³ ·² ¿ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ¼©»´´·²¹ô «° ¬± º±«® ®»¯«·®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½»­ò ײ½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º ®»¯«·®»¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ­°¿½»­ º±® »ª»®§ ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ®»­·¼»²¬·¿´ «­» ©±«´¼ ·²½®»¿­» ¬¸» ¿ª¿·´¿¾·´·¬§ ±º ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ º±® ®»­·¼»²½»­ò ׺ «¬·´·¦»¼ô ¬¸·­ ©±«´¼ ¿´´»ª·¿¬» ½±²¹»­¬·±² ½¿«­»¼ ¾§ ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ©±«´¼ »²­«®» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´» ·º ¿½¬·±² ¬± ®»³±ª» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ©¿­ ®»¯«·®»¼ò ÜZëk«ú”£ª†¦”£`”Ð ̸·­ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ·­ ¬¸¿¬ ²± ³±®» ¬¸¿² ëðû ±º ¬¸» º®±²¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ¾» «­»¼ º±® °¿®µ·²¹ ±® ¾» ·³°»®ª·±«­ò ̸·­ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ®»­«´¬ ±º ¬¸» ͱ«¬¸­·¼» ß®»¿ Ò»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ д¿²ò ׬ ®»¯«·®»­ ¿´´ °¿®µ·²¹ ¾» ´±½¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ¿®»¿­ ¼»­½®·¾»¼ ¾»´±©æ ïòß²§©¸»®» ±² ¬¸» ´±¬ ¾»¸·²¼ ¬¸» ­¬®«½¬«®» ©·¬¸ ²± ´·³·¬ ±² ¬¸» ­·¦» ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿å îòß²§©¸»®» ·² ¬¸» ­·¼» §¿®¼­ ±º ¬¸» ´±¬ ©·¬¸ ²± ´·³·¬ ±² ¬¸» ­·¦» ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿å ¿²¼ô ì ¤ п¹» íòß² ¿®»¿ ´±½¿¬»¼ ·² º®±²¬ ±º ¬¸» ­¬®«½¬«®» ²±¬ ¬± »¨½»»¼ ¿ ­·¦» »¯«·ª¿´»²¬ ¬± ëðû ±º ¬¸» º®±²¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ò ̸» º®±²¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ·­ ¬¸» ¿®»¿ ±º ¬¸» ´±¬ ©·¬¸·² ¬¸» ­·¼» ´±¬ ´·²»­ô ¬¸» º®±²¬ ­»¬¾¿½µô ¿²¼ ¬¸» °«¾´·½ ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ´·²» ø­»» ¹®¿°¸·½÷ò ̸» ­¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹» ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ¿´´±©»¼ ¾§ ¬¸·­ ½¿´½«´¿¬·±² ³¿§ ¾» ´±½¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸·² ±® ±«¬­·¼» ¬¸» ¾±«²¼¿®§ ±º ¬¸» ¿®»¿ «­»¼ º±® ½¿´½«´¿¬·±²­ ø­»» ¹®¿°¸·½÷ò ̸» °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» ¼®·ª»©¿§ ´±½¿¬»¼ ¾»¬©»»² ¬¸» º®±²¬ °®±°»®¬§ ´·²» ¿²¼ ­¬®«½¬«®» ­¸¿´´ ¾» ·²½´«¼»¼ ·² ¬¸» ³¿¨·³«³ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ ­¯«¿®» º±±¬¿¹»ò ݱ²¬»¨¬ Í°»½·º·½ λ½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¸¿­ ¼»ª»´±°»¼ ¿ ­»¬ ±º ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ º±® «­» ·² ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ¿²¼ ±¬¸»® ½±²¬»¨¬ ­°»½·º·½ ­»¬¬·²¹­ ¬± ¿·¼ ·² ®»¼«½·²¹ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ò ̸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¿®» °®±¿½¬·ª» ¿°°®±¿½¸»­ ¬± °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ¬¸¿¬ ³¿§ ¿®·­»ò ̸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ³¿·²¬¿·² ¬¸» ½»®¬¿·²¬§ ±º ¿½½»­­ º±® »³»®¹»²½§ ª»¸·½´»­ ·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ©¸·´» ¿´­± °®±ª·¼·²¹ ­«ºº·½·»²¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ±°°±®¬«²·¬·»­ º±® ®»­·¼»²¬­ ¿²¼ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½¿´³·²¹ ³»¿­«®»­ º±® °»¼»­¬®·¿²­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» «²¼»®­¬¿²¼­ ¬¸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ °®±ª·¼» ¾»²»º·¬­ ¾«¬ ³¿§ ¿´­± ·²¬®±¼«½» ²»© ½¸¿´´»²¹»­ò ͱ³» ±º ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ©·´´ ·²½®»¿­» ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ½±­¬­ ¿²¼ ­±³» ³¿§ ¼»½®»¿­» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ §·»´¼ ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ °®±¬»½¬·±² ¦±²»­ ¿²¼ ³·²·³«³ ¹¿®¿¹»ñ®»¯«·®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ­»¬¾¿½µ­ º±® ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò Ò»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©±«´¼ ¿´­± ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ­±´«¬·±²ô ½¸±­»² º®±³ ­·¨ ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ±°¬·±²­ ¼»­½®·¾»¼ ¾»´±©ò ͱ³» ­±´«¬·±²­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ °´¿¬¬·²¹ô ®»¯«·®» ¬¸» °®±ª·­·±² ±º ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ³»¿­«®»­ ¬± »²­«®» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»ò ÒÛÉ ÜÛÊÛÔÑÐÓÛÒÌÍ ó Ú·®» ا¼®¿²¬ Ю±¬»½¬·±² Ʊ²»­ øÓ¿²¼¿¬±®§÷ ̸»­» ¦±²»­ ¿®» ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ¾» ²±ó°¿®µ·²¹ ¦±²»­ ©·¬¸ ½«®¾ »¨¬»²­·±²­ ·² ¬¸» ª·½·²·¬§ ±º º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬­ ½®»¿¬·²¹ ¿ °¸§­·½¿´ ¾¿®®·»® ¬± °®»ª»²¬ ·´´»¹¿´ °¿®µ·²¹ò п®µ·²¹ ³¿§ ½±²¬·²«» ±² ±²» ±® ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¿ ­¬®»»¬ô «²´»­­ ±¬¸»®©·­» ®»ª·»©»¼ ¾§ ݱ«²½·´ô ©·¬¸ ­°»½·º·»¼ ²±ó°¿®µ·²¹ ­»½¬·±²­ ¿´´±©·²¹ ­»¬ó«° ±º »³»®¹»²½§ »¯«·°³»²¬ò ë ¤ п¹» ÇßÎÜ ú º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ Í×ÜÛÉßÔÕ í c ½«®¾ »¨¬»²­·±² ÍÌÎÛÛÌ   ÒÛÉ ÜÛÊÛÔÑÐÓÛÒÌÍ ó Ó·²·³«³ Ù¿®¿¹»ñλ¯«·®»¼ п®µ·²¹ Í»¬¾¿½µ øÓ¿²¼¿¬±®§÷ ̸·­ °®¿½¬·½» ®»¯«·®»­ ¹¿®¿¹» ¿²¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ ·²¬»²¼»¼ ¬± ³»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ô ±½½«® ¾»¸·²¼ ¿ ­°»½·º·½ °±·²¬ ±² ¬¸» ´±¬ ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ¼®·ª»©¿§ ´»²¹¬¸ ±² »¿½¸ ´±¬ ¬¸»®»¾§ °®±ª·¼·²¹ ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ¿ª±·¼·²¹ ¾´±½µ¿¹» ±º ­·¼»©¿´µ­ò ­»¬¾¿½µ º±® ®»¯«·®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ½±ª»®»¼ ®»¯«·®»¼ п®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ «²½±ª»®»¼ ®»¯«·®»¼  °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ É·¼» ͬ®»»¬­ øÑ°¬·±² ï÷ Ý«®®»²¬ ´±½¿´ ­«¾¼·ª·­·±² ­¬®»»¬ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ ¹»²»®¿´´§ ·²½´«¼» ­´±©»® ¼»­·¹² ­°»»¼­ ¿²¼ ¿ îé󺱱¬ ©·¼» °¿ª»³»²¬ ½±²­·­¬·²¹ ±º ±²» îð󺱱¬ §·»´¼ ´¿²» ¿²¼ ª¿®§·²¹ é󺱱¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ±² ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ò É·¼»® ­¬®»»¬­ º«²½¬·±² ­·³·´¿® ¬± ½«®®»²¬ ½±´´»½¬±® ­¬®»»¬ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ô ©¸·½¸ ¹»²»®¿´´§ ·²½´«¼» ¸·¹¸»® ¼»­·¹² ­°»»¼­ ¿²¼ ¿ íì󺱱¬ ±® ©·¼»® °¿ª»³»²¬ ½±²­·­¬·²¹ ±º ¬©± ïî󺱱¬ ´¿²»­ ¿²¼ ¿ é󺱱¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ´¿²» ±² ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ò ׺ ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ ·²½´«¼»­ ¾·µ» ´¿²»­ ¬¸»² ²± °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¿´´±©»¼ ±² ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ò É·¼» ­¬®»»¬­ ¿´´±© º±® ¿½½»­­ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ¿ ­¬®»»¬ô »ª»² ©¸»² ¸·¹¸ ª±´«³»­ ±º °¿®µ»¼ ª»¸·½´»­ ¿®» °®»­»²¬ ±² ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ò ̸·­ ¿´­± »²­«®»­ ¬¸¿¬ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ·­ ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ò É·¼» ­¬®»»¬­ ±º¬»² ·²¼«½» ¸·¹¸»® ¬®¿ª»´ ­°»»¼­ ®»¯«·®·²¹ ¬®¿ºº·½ ½¿´³·²¹ ³»¿­«®»­ ¬± ·³°®±ª» ­¿º»¬§ ¿²¼ ¬¸»­» ®±¿¼­ ¿®» ³±®» ½±­¬´§ ¬± ½±²­¬®«½¬ò Ò¿®®±© ͬ®»»¬­ øÑ°¬·±² î÷ Ý«®®»²¬ ´±½¿´ ­«¾¼·ª·­·±² ­¬®»»¬ ­¬¿²¼¿®¼­ ¹»²»®¿´´§ ·²½´«¼» ­´±©»® ¼»­·¹² ­°»»¼­ ¿²¼ ¿ îé󺱱¬ ©·¼» °¿ª»³»²¬ ½±²­·­¬·²¹ ±º ±²» îð󺱱¬ §·»´¼ ´¿²» ¿²¼ ª¿®§·²¹ é󺱱¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ±² ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ò ͬ®»»¬­ ³¿§ ²¿®®±© ¬± ¿ îð󺱱¬ ­¬®»»¬ ©·¼¬¸ò ײ ­·¬«¿¬·±²­ ©¸»®» ¿ ¾«·´¼·²¹ ·­ ¹®»¿¬»® ¬¸¿² íð󺻻¬ô ¿ ­¬®»»¬ ¿¼¶¿½»²¬ ¬± ¬¸» ­¬®«½¬«®» ³«­¬ ¾» ¿¬ ´»¿­¬ îê󺻻¬ ·² ©·¼¬¸ ¬± ¿´´±© ¿½½»­­ º±® ¿»®·¿´ º·®» ¿°°¿®¿¬«­ò ê ¤ п¹» Ò¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ·²½®»¿­» °»¼»­¬®·¿² ¿²¼ ª»¸·½«´¿® ­¿º»¬§ ¾»½¿«­» ¬¸»§ »²½±«®¿¹» ­´±©»® ¬®¿ª»´·²¹ ­°»»¼­ò Ò¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ¼± ²±¬ ¿½½±³³±¼¿¬» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô »²­«®·²¹ ¬¸¿¬ »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ ·­ ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ò Ò¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ³«­¬ ¾» ¿½½±³°¿²·»¼ ¾§ ¿´´»§ º»¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ñ±® ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ò ݱ²­¬®«½¬·±² ½±­¬­ ¿®» ´±©»® º±® ²¿®®±©»® ­¬®»»¬­ ¾«¬ ¬¸» ­¿ª·²¹­ ·­ ´·µ»´§ ±ºº­»¬ ¾§ ¬¸» ½±­¬­ ¿­­±½·¿¬»¼ ©·¬¸ ®»¯«·®»¼ ½±²­¬®«½¬·±² ±º ¿´´»§­ ¿²¼ ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ò п®µ·²¹ λ³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ д¿¬¬·²¹ øÑ°¬·±² í÷ ̸·­ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ½±²­·­¬­ ±º °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ±² ±²» ±® ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬ ¿¬ ¬¸» ¬·³» ±º °´¿¬¬·²¹ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ݱ«²½·´ ¿½¬·±²ò п®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ½¿² ¾» «­»¼ ·² ®»­°±²­» ¬± °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ±² »¨·­¬·²¹ ­¬®»»¬­ ¬± ³¿·²¬¿·² ½»®¬¿·²¬§ ±º »³»®¹»²½§ ¿½½»­­ò ̸·­ ±°¬·±² ³«­¬ ¾» ¿½½±³°¿²·»¼ ¾§ ±¬¸»® ³»¿­«®»­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ¿²¼ ³·²·³«³ ¹¿®¿¹» ­»¬¾¿½µ­ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ±ººó ­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò  ß´´»§óÚ»¼ Ѻºóͬ®»»¬ п®µ·²¹ øÑ°¬·±² ì÷ ß´´»§­ ¿®» ¼»­·¹²»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿½½»­­ ¬± ¬¸» ®»¿® ±® ­·¼» ±º ¿ °®±°»®¬§ ¿²¼ ¿®» ¹»²»®¿´´§ îð󺻻¬ ·² ©·¼¬¸ò ̸»§ ¿´­± ³¿§ ¾» «­»¼ º±® °«¾´·½ ª»¸·½«´¿® ±® «¬·´·¬§ ¿½½»­­ò λ­·¼»²¬·¿´ ´±¬­ ­»®ª»¼ ¾§ ¿² ¿´´»§ ­¸±«´¼ ±²´§ ¸¿ª» ¼®·ª»©¿§ ¿½½»­­ ª·¿ ¬¸» ¿´´»§ ¿²¼ °®±ª·¼» ¿³°´» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ò ß´´»§óº»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ ¸»´° »²­«®» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ »¨·­¬­ô »ª»² ·º °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ³«­¬ ±½½«® ±² ¬¸» ­¬®»»¬­ ·² ¿ ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ò É·¼» Ô±¬ Ú®±²¬¿¹»­ øÑ°¬·±² ë÷ Ý«®®»²¬´§ô Îóï Í·²¹´»óÚ¿³·´§ λ­·¼»²¬·¿´ ¦±²·²¹ °»®³·¬­ ´±¬­ ¿­ ²¿®®±© ¿­ ëð󺻻¬ ·² ©·¼¬¸ò ̸·­ ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ©±«´¼ ®»¯«·®» ¿ ³·²·³«³ ´±¬ º®±²¬¿¹» ±º éð󺻻¬ ¼»½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» ¼»²­·¬§ ©·¬¸·² ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ ¿²¼ ·²½®»¿­·²¹ ³±®» ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿ ·² º®±²¬ ±º »ª»®§ ´±¬ò ̸·­ ±°¬·±² ©±«´¼ ¼»½®»¿­» ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ §·»´¼­ò  Ѫ»®º´±© п®µ·²¹ ß®»¿­ øÑ°¬·±² ê÷ Ѫ»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ½±²­·­¬­ ±º ®»³±¬» °¿®µ·²¹ º¿½·´·¬·»­ ¬¸¿¬ ¿®» °®·ª¿¬»´§ ³¿·²¬¿·²»¼ ¿²¼ ´±½¿¬»¼ ±«¬­·¼» ±º ¬¸» ®·¹¸¬ó±ºó©¿§ ±² °®·ª¿¬» °®±°»®¬§ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ØÑß ½±³³±² ¿®»¿­ò ̸»­» °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ ¿®» °®±ª·¼»¼ ·² ¿¼¼·¬·±² ¬± ³·²·³«³ ´±¬ó¾¿­»¼ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ ¬± ·²½®»¿­» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ©·¬¸·² ¿ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ò Ѫ»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ ­¸±«´¼ ¼»­·¹² ¿²¼ ³¿§ ¸¿ª» ³«´¬·°´» «­»­ ±® ¾» °¿®¬ ±º ¿ ´¿®¹»® ½±³³«²·¬§ ¹¿¬¸»®·²¹ ¿®»¿ò ̱ ³·²·³·¦» ¬¸» »²ª·®±²³»²¬¿´ ·³°¿½¬ ±º ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ô ¿´¬»®²¿¬·ª» °¿ª·²¹ ³¿§ ¾» «­»¼ ·² ¬¸»­» ¿®»¿­ò  ײ ­«³³¿®§ô ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ®»½±³³»²¼­ ¬¸®»» ­±´«¬·±²­ ¬± ¿·¼ ·² ¬¸» ®»¼«½¬·±² ±º ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °¿®µ·²¹ °®±¾´»³­ ½·¬§ó©·¼»ò ̸»­» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ·²½´«¼»æ ®»º·²» ¬¸» ½«®®»²¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ °®±½»­­ ¬± ¿´´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ±² ±²» ±® ¾±¬¸ ­·¼»­ ±º ¿ ®» ·­ ¿ ª»®·º·»¼ ­¿º»¬§ ½±²½»®²ô ·²½®»¿­» ¬¸» ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»¯«·®»³»²¬­ ¾¿­»¼ ±² ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º ¾»¼®±±³­ °®±ª·¼»¼ô ¿²¼ ®»¯«·®» ²± ³±®» ¬¸¿² ëðû ±º ¬¸» º®±²¬ °±®¬·±² ±º ¬¸» °®±°»®¬§ ¾» «­»¼ º±® °¿®µ·²¹ ±® ¾» ·³°»®ª·±«­ò ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¿´­± ®»½±³³»²¼­ º±® ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬­æ º·®» ¸§¼®¿²¬ °®±¬»½¬·±² ¦±²»­ ¿²¼ é ¤ п¹» ³·²·³«³ ¹¿®¿¹»ñ®»¯«·®»¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ­»¬¾¿½µ­ò ײ ¿¼¼·¬·±²ô ²»© ¼»ª»´±°³»²¬ ©±«´¼ ¿´­± ¾» ®»¯«·®»¼ ¬± °®±ª·¼» ¿² ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ­±´«¬·±²ô ½¸±­»² º®±³ ¬¸» º±´´±©·²¹ ­·¨ ®»½±³³»²¼»¼ ±°¬·±²­æ ©·¼» ­¬®»»¬­ô ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ô °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ °´¿¬¬·²¹ô ¿´´»§óº»¼ ±ºó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ô ©·¼» ´±¬ º®±²¬¿¹»­ô ±® ±ª»®º´±© °¿®µ·²¹ ¿®»¿­ ͱ³» ­±´«¬·±²­ô ­«½¸ ¿­ ²¿®®±© ­¬®»»¬­ ¿²¼ °¿®µ·²¹ ®»³±ª¿´ ©·¬¸ °´¿¬¬·²¹ô ©±«´¼ ®»¯«·®» ¬¸» °®±ª·­·±² ±º ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ±ººó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ³»¿­«®»­ ¬± »²­«®» ¿¼»¯«¿¬» °¿®µ·²¹ ·­ ¿ª¿·´¿¾´»ò ß¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ×­­«»­ ̸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ­½±°» ±²´§ ¿¼¼®»­­»­ ¬¸» »³»®¹»²½§ ¿­­»­­ °±®¬·±² ±º ±²ó­¬®»»¬ °¿®µ·²¹ ½±²½»®²­ò ̸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ °®±ª·¼»¼ ¾§ ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½» ¼± ²±¬ ­±´ª» ±¬¸»® ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼ °®±¾´»³­ ­¬»³³·²¹ º®±³ ·²½®»¿­»¼ ¼»²­·¬·»­ ·² ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ²»·¹¸¾±®¸±±¼­ò ߬ ­±³» °±·²¬ô ·¬ ³¿§ ¾» ²»½»­­¿®§ ¬± ¼·­½«­­ ­±´«¬·±²­ ¿·³»¼ ¿¬ ¼»½®»¿­·²¹ ¬¸» °±°«´¿¬·±² ¼»²­·¬§ ·² ¬¸»­» ¿®»¿­ò ̸·­ ³¿§ ·²½´«¼» ½±²­·¼»®·²¹ ±°¬·±²­ ¬± ®»¼«½» ®»²¬¿´ ½±²ª»®­·±²­ ¬¸®±«¹¸ ®»ª·­»¼ ­«¾¼·ª·­·±² ®»¹«´¿¬·±²­ ¿²¼ ½·¬§ ±®¼·²¿²½»­ ®»¼«½·²¹ ¬¸» ²«³¾»® ±º «²®»´¿¬»¼ °»®­±²­ ·² ­·²¹´»óº¿³·´§ ®»­·¼»²½»­ò Ò»¨¬ ͬ»°­ ׺ ¬¸» Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ ¿°°®±ª»­ ¬¸» ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±²­ ¹·ª»² ¾§ ¬¸» Ì¿­µ Ú±®½»ô Ý·¬§ ͬ¿ºº ©±«´¼ ¾»¹·² ¬± ½®»¿¬» ±®¼·²¿²½»­ ¬± ¿¼¼®»­­ ¬¸» ½±²½»®²­ ±«¬´·²»¼ ¿¾±ª»ò Ы¾´·½ ¸»¿®·²¹­ ©±«´¼ ¾» ¸»´¼ ¾»¹·²²·²¹ ·² ¬¸» ­°®·²¹ô ¬± ¹¿¬¸»® ¿¼¼·¬·±²¿´ ·²°«¬ º®±³ ¬¸» ½±³³«²·¬§ ®»¹¿®¼·²¹ ¬¸» ±®¼·²¿²½» ´¿²¹«¿¹»ò ׬ ·­ ¿²¬·½·°¿¬»¼ ¬¸¿¬ ±®¼·²¿²½» ¿³»²¼³»²¬­ ³¿§ ¾» °®»­»²¬»¼ ¬± ¬¸» д¿²²·²¹ ¿²¼ Ʊ²·²¹ ݱ³³·­­·±² º±® ®»½±³³»²¼¿¬·±² ¿²¼ ¬¸»² ¬± Ý·¬§ ݱ«²½·´ º±® º·²¿´ ¿½¬·±² ·² ¬¸» ­«³³»®ò è ¤ п¹»