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- IRST AID
• emergency kit
• emergency action
L -2 -12 (Revised April 1958)
(Reprinted December 1958)
(Original title: Civil Defense Household First Aid Kit)
OFFICE OF CIVIL AND DEFENSE MOBILIZATION
anyone can use
this
CIVIL DEFENSE
FIRST AID KIT
for these
•
EMERGENCY ACTIONS
TO SAVE LIVES
Until medical aid arrives
3
FOR BLEEDING
CAUTION: These are emer-
gency actions only. Always call a
•
doctor if possible. If you cannot
get a doctor or a trained first-
airier and the injured person is in .�
s, ii'
danger of losing his life, take - ' � ill ! t
one of the six emergency actions t
described in this leaflet. - i ll ‘
_.
_...... ,‘ (
_ ,
But, first, observe
these general rules:
1 Keep the injured person lying down,
with his head level with the rest of his
body unless he has a head injury. In that take this emergency action .. .
case raise his head slightly. Cover him
and keep him warm.
2 Don't move the injured person except Apply pressure directly over the wound.
to remove him from fire, flood, smoke, . Use a first aid dressing, clean cloth, or
or anything that would further endan- even the bare hand. When bleeding has
ger his life. ' been controlled, add extra layers of cloth
Examine the injured person to deter- and bandage firmly. Do not remove the
' mine whether emergency action is nec- , dressing. If the wound is in an arm or leg
essary. If he is not in danger of bleeding elevate it with pillows or substitutes. Do
to death, or is not suffocating, or has
not been severely burned, or is not in # not use a tourniquet except as a last resort,
shock, it is better for the untrained then leave it on for a doctor to remove.
person to leave him alone. i
4 Do not give an unconscious or semi-
conscious person anything to drink. FOR BURNS
5 Do not let an injured person see his take this emergency action .. .
wounds.
Remove clothing covering the burn un-
6 Reassure him and keep him comfortable. less it sticks. Cover the burned area with
4 5
• Broken bones in the hand, arm, or shout- „
. -- der should be supported by a sling after -
,►, 4.- �' - splinting. Use a triangular bandage or a
(k ' -..
6 4 00 ; substitute such as a scarf, towel, or torn
�..:� ends around the
-Allbg _
�
� place his forearm across
I '
_ width of sheet and tie the e
re , C
;, _ � casualty's neck. Or
y p
his chest and pin his sleeve to his coat. In
Urf �// r this way the lower sleeve will take the
weight of the injured arm.
a clean dry dressing or several layers of
cloth folded into a pad. Apply a bandage
I llp '-
over the pad, tightly enough to keep out 4' a •:.
the air. Don't remove the pad. Don't Use
r f
Grease, Oil, or Any Ointment Except
i
fi
on a Doctor's Order. On chemical burns, '
such as caused by acid or lye, wash the � t t''I t 6 `'
burn thoroughly with water before cov- ` 1 k
ering with a dry dressing.11
19
FOR BROKEN BONES
If you suspect a broken neck or back do
take this emergency action ... not move the casualty except to remove
,o him from further danger that may take his
life. If you must move the casualty slide
Unless it is absolutely necessary to
him gently onto a litter or a wide, rigid
move a person with a broken bone, don't • board. Then leave him alone until trained
do anything except apply an ice bag to the help arrives.
injured area to relieve pain. If you must
move him, splint the broken bone first so
the broken bone ends cannot move. Use a y
board, thick bundle of newspapers, even a
pillow. Tie the splint firmly in place above ;o� / /// 4.
and below the break, but not tightly / 7 " ` - d' 4
enough to cut off circulation. Use layers of ( �
cloth or news a ers to ad a hard splint. 4" + ♦ ``a\
pp p 1 �� 1 j
7
6
4
These emergency first aid items are for a family of four persons or less. Assemble them, wrap in a moisture -proof covering, and
place in an easily carried box. Paste this sheet to the box cover and place the box in your shelter area.
OR THESE SUGGESTED
USE THESE
FOR THESE PURPOSES QUANTITY
For open wounds, scratches, and cuts. Not for 1. Antiseptic p ticloe solution: Solution, Ben S. Quaternary w aty a m ni trade poun 3- to 6 -oz. bot-
bums.
P., 1 to 1,000 parts of water. as Zephiran, Phemerol, Ceepryn,
and Bactine.
For faintness, adult dose 34 teaspoon in cup of 2. Aromatic spirits of ammonia. None. 1- to 2 -oz. bot-
water; children 5 to 10 drops in 54 glass of water. tle.
As smelling salts, remove stopper, hold bottle under
nose. .
For shock — dissolve 1 teaspoonful salt and )4 tea- 3. Table salt. Sodium chloride tablets, 10 gr., 50 1 box.
spoonful baking soda in 1 quart water. Have tablets in bottle.
patient drink as much as he will. Don't give to
unconscious person or semiconscious person. If or sodium c
Sodium bicarbonate di odi e ci- 8- to 10 -oz.
using substitutes dissolve six 10 -gr. sodium chlo- 4. Baking sod $ tablets, 5 gr., o0 tablets i- box. -
' ride tablets and six 5 -gr. sodium bicarbonate (or bottle.
sodium citrate) tablets in 1 qt. water. _
For a sling; as a cover; for a dressing. 5. Triangular bandage, folded, Muslin or other strong material. 4 bandages.
37 by 37 by 52 in., with 2 Cut to exact dimensions. Fold and
safety pins. wrap each bandage and 2 safety
pins separately in paper.
For open wounds or for dry dressings for 6. Two medium first aid dress- a) Two emergency dressings 8 in. As indicated.
burns. These are packaged sterile. ings, folded, sterile with gauze by 7y4 tn., in glassine bags,
enclosed cotton pads, 8 in. by sterilized. One roller bandage,
7)Z in. Packaged with muslin 2 in. by 10 yds.
bandage and 4 safety pins. b) Four large sanitary napkins,
wrapped separately and steri-
lized. One roller bandage, 2
in. by 10 yds.
For open wounds or for dry dressings for 7 ' Two small first gauze 1 packages, a by pads in n indi iv via As ind
burns. These are packaged sterile.
closed cotton pads and gauze roller bandage, 1 in. by 10 yds.
bandage, 4 in. by 7 in.
For eyes irritated by dust, smoke, or fumes. 8. Eye drops. Bland eye drops sold by druggists 54- to 1-oz
Use 2 drops in each eye. Apply cold compresses under various trade names. bottle w i.t h
every 20 minutes if possible. dropper.
For splinting broken fingers or other small 9. Twe tongue blades, Shingles, pieces of orange crate, or As indicated.
bones and for stirring solutions. wooden. other light wood cut to approxi-
mately 154 in. by 6 in.
For purifying water when it cannot be boiled. 10. Water purification tablets Tincture of iodine or iodine solution Tablets —
(Radioactive contamination cannot be neutral- Iodine (trade names. — Globa- (3 drops per quart of water). Bottle of 50 or
ized or removed by boiling or by disinfectants.) line, Bursoline, Potable Aqua).
Chlorine (trade name —Hala- Household bleach (approx. 5% Liquid —One
zone). available. chlorine) 3 drops per small bottle.
quart of water.
For bandages or dressings: Old soft towels and 11. Large bath wels. None. 2.
sheets are best. Cut in sizes necessary to cover 6..
wounds. Towels are burn dressings. Place over - 2
burns and fasten with triangular bandage or strips 12. Small bath wels. None.
of sheet. Towels and sheets should be laundered,
ironed, and packaged in heavy paper. Relaunder 13. Bad sheet. None. 1
every 3 months.
For administering stimulants and liquids. 14. Paper drinking cups. Envelope or cardboard type. 25 to 50.
Electric lights may go out. Wrap batteries 15. Flashlight. Must be bought. 1.
separately in moisture proof covering. Don't
keep in flashlight. 16. Flashlight batteries. Must be bought. 3.
For holding bandages in place. 17. Safety pins, ltA in. long. None. 12 to 15.
For cutting bandages and dressings, or for 18. Razor blades, single edge. Sharp knife or scissors. 3.
removing clothing from inj ured body surface.
For cleansing skin.
19. Toilet soap. Any mild soap. 1 bar.
For measuring or stirring solutions. 20. Measuring spoons. Inexpensive plastic or metal. 1 set.
For splinting broken arms or legs. 21. Twelve splints, plastic or A 40 -page newspaper folded to di- As indicated.
wooden, i4; to 4 in. thick, mensions, pieces of orange crate
3)d in. wide by 12 to 15 in. long. sidings, or shingles cut to size.
Note. —To sterilize substitutes, wrap in square cloth, aluminum foil, or brown wrapping paper; and place in 300 - degree oven for one hour.
8 9
0
If a bone has punctured the skin, cover
the wound with a first aid dressing or
clean cloth and control bleeding by hand —
SALT ATER
pressure. + •'' +
..
not permit him to become overheated.
Try to avoid letting him see his injury. If
he is able to swallow, give him plenty of
water to drink, with salt and baking soda
1 10 o ! - - added. Mix one teaspoonful of salt and
'�= 4#,,. -ALMA
ne -half teaspoonful of baking soda to one
quart of water. This will help to prevent
�� severe shock.
1 '0; � Do not give anything by mouth to a
person who is vomiting or semiconscious,
i
\ or has an abdominal wound.
FOR SHOCK '
take this emergency action .. .
FOR
SUFFOCATION
take this emergency action .. .
Shock may result from severe burns,
broken bones, or other wounds, or from Suffocation can result from pressure on
acute emotional disturbance. Usually the the neck or chest, contact with a live elec-
person going into shock becomes pale. His IF tric wire, drowning, or breathing in for -
skin may be cold and moist. His pulse may eign substances such as liquids, smoke, or
be rapid. He may become wet with sweat. gas. The usual signs of suffocation are
He may become unconscious. coughing and sputtering or other difficulty
Keep the casualty lying down. His head in breathing. As breathing becomes diffi-
should be level with or lower than his
body unless he has a head injury. In the cult or stops, the face may turn purple and
latter case his head should be raised
sciousness will follow quickly unless you
lips and fingernails become blue. Uncon-
lightly. Wrap the casualty warmly but do
s
act at once.
10
11
First, remove the person from the cause and place his cheek on his hands. Kneel
of suffocation. If he is in contact with a on either the right or the left knee, at the
live wire, don't touch him. Shut off the head. Place your hands on his back so the
current if you can. If not, stand on a piece thumbs touch. The heels of your hands
of dry wood or on paper and remove the should be in line with the casualty's
wire from the person with a long dry stick armpits.
or other nonmetallic object. Rock forward slowly, keeping your
If the person is in a room filled with gas, elbows straight until your arms are ap
smoke, or water, get him out quickly. proximately vertical, exerting steady pres-
Remove any objects from his mouth or sure on the casualty's chest. (Caution: too
throat that may obstruct breathing. Then much pressure here can be damaging.)
apply artificial respiration immediately, as Then, rock backward slowly, sliding
follows: your hands to the casualty's arms just
above the elbows. Continuing to rock back-
ward, raise the casualty's arms until resist-
ance and tension are felt at his shoulders.
Then lower your arms. This completes a
full cycle.
Repeat the cycles 12 times a minute.
The expansion and compression phases
should be of equal length, and the release
period of minimum duration.
(414 • / ^ - • . MOUTH -TO -MOUTH
.,� METHOD OF
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION
;. This method should be used for infants
and small children, and for adults with
chest or arm injuries.
ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION Clear the mouth of any foreign matter
Place the casualty face downward. Bend with the middle finger of one hand. With
his elbows and place one hand upon the the same finger, push the tongue forward.
other. Turn his face slightly to one side Place the casualty in a face -down, head -
12 13
down position and pat him firmly on the I , ; .= 1t
1s
ba with the free hand to help dislodge � ''''t'� ;
any foreign object in the air passage. .1,,i �` 1� 4 ► Y .
Turn the casualty on his back and use the ■/ ' r
middle fingers of both hands to lift the w vv • L
lower jaw from beneath and behind so it _
juts out. Hold the jaw in this position with
one hand.
Place your mouth over the casualty's TO MOVE INJURED PERSONS
mouth, tightly enough for a relatively
leakproof seal. Breathe into the casualty's
take this emergency action .. .
mouth with a smooth steady action until Do not move an injured person except
you see the chest rise. As you start this to prevent further injury or possible death.
action move your free hand to the cas If you must move him keep him lying •
ualty's abdomen, between the navel and down flat. Move him on a wide board,
the ribs, and apply continuous moderate such as an ironing board or door, and tie
pressure to prevent the stomach from him to it so he won't roll off.
filling with air.
When his lungs are inflated, remove -
your mouth from the casualty's mouth and: ; SS
allow his lungs to empty. Repeat this cycle, \s a � !
keeping one hand beneath his jaw and the V ,O • d� kil;
other pressing on his stomach. . r►�
For a child or infant, continue at the ` -
rate of about 20 cycles per minute; for an
adult, about 12 cycles per minute. After IF If you have nothing to carry him on, get
every 20 cycles you should rest long
enough to take one deep breath. two other people to help you carry. You
must kneel together on the same side of
the casualty and slide your hands under
If at any time you feel resistance to him gently. Then lift carefully, keeping
breathing .into the casualty and his chest his body level. Walk in step to prevent
does not rise, stop and check his mouth jarring, and carry him only far enough to
for obstacles and pat his back firmly. Then remove him from danger.
quickly resume mouth -to -mouth breathing.
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To use the Civil Defense
FIRST AID KIT best . .
you need training
ENROLL in the
RED CROSS STANDARD
FIRST AID COURSE
NOW
The American National Red Cross, in
cooperation with the Office of Civil and
Defense Mobilization, has prepared a
10 -hour Standard First Aid Course. This
course can be given to Federal, State,
county, and city government employees;
members of civic groups and clubs; and
any interested citizens —by arrangement
in most communities through the local
government office of Civil Defense or
local chapter of the American National
Red Cross.
But ... for the untrained
LOOK INSIDE FOR •
EMERGENCY
ACTIONS
TO SAVE LIVES
until medical aid arrives
U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 - 0-491983
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U. S.
Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D. C.
Price 5 cents; or $3 per 100 copies
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