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HomeMy WebLinkAboutIdeas for 4-H Method Demonstration 1966 0,6eAr-7(5 Ca v N 4 1, e ! U i L, 0 ,Q e, . --- - _ . V 600� -17(-'2''(..t /_ 4, HAS 1 CR: 4 -H 1 -3 I 0 ,.. .,• • ,.....,., ,.„ .. ! A 1 4111114p ,,,tiniiii _ ,, ,_ ., . , ,, ,� ( ' t ";.( A p A , , , ... x . , , _ . for t+ -H M ETHOD DEMONSTRATIONS RURAL c1 vl L DEFENSE . Texas A &M University Texas Agricultural Extension Service J. E. Hutchison, Director, College Station, Texas'- FOREWORD Every successful method demonstration is built around an idea. This is the central theme of the demonstration, that subject you wish to explain. In this booklet we have attempted to give you a few ideas without providing a blueprint to be followed. Naturally, some of the ideas require a more detailed explanation than others, but they are only examples. In planning your method demonstration, we suggest that you read the booklet with the idea of finding a subject that interests you and which you feel shows promise. Next, try to obtain as many of the suggested references as possible and become well informed to the point that you can explain the subject in your own words. You can then develop your own "catchy" title, the points which you feel should be explained, and the style of delivery which helps you to feel more at ease. It is a wise person who can profit from the thoughts of others to develop a better idea of his own. Specific references follow each example. Here are some general references which should be helpful: The 4 -H Method Demonstration (A Guide for Leaders), D -510, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. The Winning Demonstration (National 4 -H News), Booklet Helps, P. 0. Box 1919, Clinton, Iowa 52732. Order No. 852. Preparedness Fact Sheet No. 14, June 10, 1965. Rural Civil Defense Office. A Guide for 4 -H Civil Defense, MP -664, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Tom Neumann Tommy Hollmig Agricultural Engineer- Sherilyn Bailey Civil Defense William A. McClung Rural Civil Defense Specialists Art Work by Bert Green and Robert Cullen January 1966 1`;. / _1 ice, ,k( : ' .- ' ''\ ). 1 , -: 'L. } ~~ / --„,„...,;. J , �� I 1 % i r' � f i�' ' / 4 ` j -. -7 ; :P. • pe... ±?" ! `.....i t \ N/ il-- SHELTER FUN Life in a shelter is at best a profitable experience. Advance preparations can do much to help pass the time, take your family's minds away from worries, and prepare for life outside the shelter. Make a survey of your family's leisure interests and prepare a shel fun kit based on your results. Personal choice items receive first priority and provides the essential starting point. You may wish to go further by exploring new pastimes to provide for growing needs. Your shelter fun kit would make a very interesting demon- stration. Tell how you considered each member of your family in your planning and what is included to provide for each person's enjoyment. Do not be concerned if your home does not have a shelter. This kit may be used in circumstances such as deep snows, sick - n quarantines, or in any situation where people are confined. Your kit should be made portable and as accessible as possible. You can be certain you will be waiting out the fallout threat in oae place or another. Here are some ideas to help you get started: . i x: _ , L ,e1)nk -2- (.15: All recreation programs should include plans for emer- gencies. An emergency can v Li! ; \ be a prolonged sickness - -- f \■∎ / /causing confinement; severe // 'a \ y injuries; natural disasters ��i such as tornadoes, floods, i hurricanes; man -made disas- I_ _-� --- ---- -1 ters such as explosions, nuclear explosions, mass fires, and fallout. When confined to a limited area over a period of time, bore- dom becomes a major problem. Boredom promotes depression, grief, panic, apathy, despondency, unnecessary fear, vandalism and health problems. A family with children should give special consideration to the needs of recreation kits and game plans. To children, play is as essential as food and love, and familiar toys and games help provide emotional security. Here are some suggestions that will help provide high morale under extended emergency conditions and help prevent boredom: 1. Regular physical exercise is necessary to prevent stiff, sore muscles and physical weakness. Example: Sitting up exercises, marching to bed or to eat, rhythm games. 2. Music: for all ages and size of groups Activities: singing, musical games, marching, rhythm games Equipment: song books, record player, mouth organ, ukelele, guitar, radio 3. Games: table games and amusements should be included for all ages. Games that will not create too much noise when played are best. Activities: table games, active games Equipment: cards, dominoes, checkers, scrabble, monopoly, jigsaw puzzle. 4. Reading materials: most people will do more reading than usual while living in a shelter. Example: pocket books, novel, factual, crossword, riddle, comic books, story books, magazines, and Bible. 5. Religious Activities: under strain, most individuals turn to devine worship. Individual worship: Bible reading, meditation Group worship: provides for the sharing of a common bond and for the well -being of all. Will be more successful under guidance of minister. 6. Special activities are necessary for the young child because he is out of his normal environment, he has a short interest span, and will be less apt to disturb others when busy. -3- Equipment: Favorite, familiar toys, finger paints, crayons, pencils, paper, dullpointed scissors, modeling clay, blocks, tinker toys, story books, and simple , puzzles 7. The kit may be a shoe box or a small suitcase, etc. The above are only suggestions. The family will plan for personal preferences in carrying out these activities. These suggestions will apply to either individuals, families, or groups. Prepared by: Miss Lucille Moore, Specialist in Recreation, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. . _ - -_._ _. 7 -4 : ii c») t 1 4, \ i i 1 1 ) r 1 I , j f t 'c S r or ( -4- i , '- __ ---:-- \_, (v \ t: ,....._,—,/ i / SAFE IN A TORNADO Tornado destruction is caused by high rotating winds and differences in air pressure. Winds in the Dallas tornado, April 1957, were comparatively mild. They ranged from 60 to 300 miles per hour. Yet, this was enough to blow 189 roofs from houses and derail 217 boxcars. Winds over 500 miles per hour have been reported. Where would you prefer to be when one of those monsters walk the plains? . In your house: . In a barn! . In a culvert: . In an automobile: . In an airplane: . In a storm shelter: . Out in the open: . In an underground building: . In an above - ground auditorium; ..J "'.Mat..I ...:, „r r - ` -5- References Tornado Precautions, Texas Department of Public Safety, Office of Defense and Disaster Relief. "Texas Tornadoes," Texas State Climatologist, 3600 Manor Road, Austin, Texas 78723. "It Looks Like a Tornado," U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. "Tornado Safety Rules," U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. "Tornadoes, What They Are and 'That to Do About Them," U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. What the U. S. Department of Agriculture Can Do When Natural Disaster Strikes, PA -533, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Community Tornado Safety, 0- 553926, U. S. Department of Commerce, Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. / / / / ,- t ___4 / • - -- -r-, r ‘,. 'c-:.-_____ ■, lir \ / z/ \ i ''/.."-■ '1 / \ .\ HURRICANE HURRY � Few people aside from those who live near coastal waters understand the dangers. associated with hurricanes. Despite the fact that tropical storms are forecast and tracked with consider- able accuracy, many people are injured or killed each year. This needless loss is often caused by waiting until the last minute when avenues of escape become impassable, or widespread belief in the fallacy that it can't happen here. There are few populated areas in Texas where flooding in one form or another cannot occur: Your knowledge of nature's warning signals and evacuation procedures could save lives. Here is an opportunity to share this knowledge with others. References "Texas Hurricanes," Texas State Climatologist, Weather Bureau, Airport Station, Austin 23, Texas. Hurricane Precautions, Division of Defense and Disaster Relief, Capitol Station, Austin, Texas. First Aid for Flooded Farms and Homes, Agricultural Handbook No. 38, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. What the U. S. Department of Agriculture Can Do When Natural Disaster Strikes, PA -533, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. New Agricultural Weather Services - Direct...No Delays, U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Weather Bureau, Washington, D. C. Hurricane Tracking and Information Chart, The Travelers Insurance Companies, Hartford, Connecticut. f _ . } WHERE THERE' S SMOKE: , `.x: '' � 1 r `j t Rural fire defense requires organization at ,r all levels: national, state, county, community, ` •1 and family. The burning of forests and rangeland. l't. ) , . leads to the removal of essential soil nutrients il � .;;, �A4r ; loss of unstable soils by erosion, and needless destruction of natural resources. If destruction is severe over many square miles, seed sources are isolated from devastated areas which further slows restoration. On farm lands, fire fighting tools should include: . Extinguishers . Garden hose (50 ft. or more) . Shovels Portable pumps . Rakes . Axes . Water buckets . Ladders Ready water sources such as irrigation ditches, water tanks, cisterns, or ponds are a must. An all weather firelane should be kept clear year around. Firebreaks, plowed firelanes through farm and woodlands will prevent fires from spreading. Warning systems must be refined. Each member of a family and community should have certain duties and training. Residents in areas without organized fire protection should consult the State Forester or Fire Marshall about setting up a rural fire defense. References Rural Fire Defense...You Can Survive, PA -517, U. S. Depart- ment of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service. Fire Effects of Bombing Attacks, TM -9 -2. Office of Civil Defense Mobilization. FCD 1.613: 9 -2. Fire Fighting for Householders. FCD 12F5. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense, Washington, D. C., November 1962. Reprint. -/ -8- t:% s N ) 1 2 '�-__._ ' f \ ,sus � 1 --.„.� WARNING SYSTEMS i N\.) Time is one of the most important elements in any emer- gency. It sometimes means the difference between life and death when people are rushing to safety. Warning systems can provide precious seconds to millions of people. Yet surprisingly few people know what the signals mean. Materials needed Posters depicting different emergencies or stages of warning Siren (a buzzer, bicycle horn, or party horn capable of producing a wailing tone will do) A good way to begin would be to have one demonstrator sound the siren while his partner displays a poster depicting the approach planes or missiles. What does the steady blast mean? What does the wailing tone (or the series of short whoops) tell you? What actions should a family take during the warning period? These actions could be listed on posters. Some commun- ities in Texas use the civil defense siren for a tornado alert. What tornado warning would you receive in your community? If there is no plan, you could design one using all available re- sources such as highway patrol, service attendants, airport tower operators, phones, radio, T.V., sirens, or factory whistles. Explain how it would work and how the public may be continually reminded of its existence. Uniform Warning Signals 1. The ALERT SIGNAL, a steady 30 to 5- minute blast, means 'ATTACK PROBABLE -- TAKE ACTION AS DIRECTED BY LOCAL GOVERNMENT." 2. The TAKE COVER SIGNAL, a warbling 3- minute tone or a series of short blasts, means -- "ATTACK IMMINENT -- TAKE COVER IMMEDIATELY IN THE BEST AVAILABLE SHELTER." References Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense.* School Boards Plan For Disaster Problems. National School Boards Association, Inc., 450 E. Ohio, Chicago, Illinois.* What You Should Know About the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, MP -7. December 1958.* * May be available from your local Office of Civil Defense. `' _.9- I r -'' 4 _., cam `, "� ' g - > - �11 t -' s Y , ATOMS FOR PEACETIME USE � ^ ---=- "- Most of us are aware of the awesome destructive powers of nuclear weapons. This same energy- when properly controlled can provide power for ships and aircraft. It can also drive genera- tors to produce electricity. One of the most valuable contribu- tions lies in its use as a tracer in research, in industry, and in medicine. Research scientists are continually studying new possi- bilities for both military and civilian use. By trying to understand some of their problems, we can help to develop a better understanding of both the dangers and the advantages of the atom. Any new development or theory in atomic research is a good starting point. Be certain you have studied the idea thoroughly before trying to explain it to others. Many conventional appli- cations are used in defense work as a source of power in the nuclear powered submarines and aircraft carriers. In Greenland an entire military installation under the ice cap received electricity powered by a reactor. The destructive uses of the atom are applied everyday in research, industrial and medical applications. Some good examples of this is the use of gamma rays to destroy tumors, or to control unwanted insect popula- tions. You could build a model of an atomic reactor, show how it operates, and explain the design precautions that must be taken to protect those who keep it running. References Nuclear Terms, A Brief Glossary, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Atoms at the Science Fair, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Atoms in Agriculture, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Controlled Nuclear Fusion, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Food Preservation by Irradiation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. -10- Laboratory Experiments with Radioisotopes, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Nuclear Reactors, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Atomic Power Safety, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Neutron Activation Analysis, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Our Atomic World, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Power Reactors in Small Packages, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Your Tomorrow...4 -H in the Nuclear Age, PA -586, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. ./ /- \-. _ _ -- - -- -_ ��\\ 3 C - _,� • f / ter '_ �/ \ \� Ai L!',./ �" i ' , \ '\ - \\ \ "---, --,,: \,1 _FE= , - ' r , � f �I f r A t� - i ' 1 5�(j , . • 1 WHY IS FALLOUT HARMFUL? How can a bomb cause sickness and death as much as several hundred miles away? To explain this it is necessary to understand: . The nature and dispersion of fallout . The three types of radiation: Alpha, Beta, and Gamma . Four ways in which fallout can be harmful: ingestion via contaminated food, entering the bloodstream through an open wound or inhalation, cell damage pro- duced by irradiation or exposure to gamma rays, and skin burn through actual contact with beta radiation. It is equally important to know what fallout cannot do. Rumors and panic can produce far more harm than exposure to small amounts of radiation. What will offer the best protection? . Protective clothing? . Medicines? . Gas Masks? . Time? . Distance? . Shielding? References Nuclear Terms, A Brief Glossary, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. USDA Radiological Training Manual, Rural Civil Defense Office, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Defense Against Radioactive Fallout on the Farm, Farmers Bulletin 2107, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. -12- FaIlout Froil Nucl.:ar Tests, U. S. Atol :122. En ?ray romm_ssion, u Box 62, Oal: B die, Tenn_ssce. Fallout Protection - What to Know and Do About Nuclear Attack, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. Soil, Crops, and Fallout From Nuclear Attack, PA -514, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack, Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Your Tomorrow...4 -H in the Nuclear Age, PA -586, Federal Extension Service, U.'S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout it ot ._s Your Aff ;ir, 2A-557., Fnceral_ E?..: :1'is i.on Service, U. S: Departure t.of.Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Highway Signs for Survival, L -32, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. f ---------- YOUR TOMORROW f ,1! MAY DEPEND ON F , ; . / i TODAY'S PREPAREDNESS c/. 1 / , I r \ lJ j J t 1 'Ind _ i ;.0 :2_Y "`., f�/Y HIDING WON'T HELP: -13- INGREDIENTS FOR A NO -COOK MEAL Every so often, meals must be prepared for a --� .� family without the benefit of gas, electricity, f: !tc ,1 5 cooking utensils, or cook books. Plan the ingre- I dients for such a meal and list them in order. Materials needed __ Can opener Candles Posters (listing ingredients) Eating utensils Food you plan to use The scene opens in a shelter. A mother and daughter pre- pare a meal by candlelight while talking to one another, casually mentioning the ingredients. When the meal is prepared, they serve it to the rest of the family (stuffed dummies seated at a card table). If the food is tasty, you may wish to serve some to the judges; otherwise, otherwise: SUGGESTED MENU FOR ONE DAY Breakfast Lunch Dinner Pineapple juice Canned salmon Pork and beans Ready -to -eat cereal Asparagus Snack: Boston brown bread Apple butter Applesauce Canned Mixed pickles Crackers Beverage apricots Beverage Beverage Cookies *Apple flakes *See "Agricultural Research," U. S. Department of Agriculture, December 1965, page 5. References Emergency Food and Water, MP -665, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Family Food Stockpile for Survival, H &G No. 77, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Survival Plan, MP -666, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack, Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural i•:esearch Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Food Preservation by Irradiation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Mmm- mmm , GOOD The thoughts of meals prepared in a shelter are usually neither particularly pleasant nor appetizing. But such a situation may be just the opposite indeed: Why not show others that, even though the surroundings and climate of feeling may not be exactly ideal, shelter meals can be just as delectable and attractive as any your Mom ever prepared: Let your wildest imagination help you to determine delicious food ideas which can be easily prepared and appetizing, .too: Cute, simple serving suggestions might add just that spark to catch the judges' eye; A good reference to help you get started is MP -665, Emergency Food and Water. Additional References Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Family Food Stockpile for Survival, H &G No. 77, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Survival Plan, MP -666, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack, Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Food Preservation by Irradiation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. -15- s. f ✓4 { 1 - / , f • x ' Lip . / 1t / 1 , l \T \ Y ' I t f 1^ t , ; 1 ,' ri 1 TO EAT OR NOT TO EAT? What do you do with food and water that has been exposed to fallout? The fact that gamma radiation has passed through :IitvCUol` food or water does not make it radioactive '''�a or dangerous to eat. The real danger occurs :l ` A i- - --. -- i1 when particles of fallout enter the body �� �" ./:� along with the food or through an open cut or wound. If this happens, even small amounts can ', j be dangerous. i ,I, Here are a few considerations: 1, / c : ) ' WATER F � �- ; / �"-°- • Running water through a home water softener will remove up to 99 per- r/ 7. ;,� -,,?1► ri-' cent of the fallout. If this is not f , - , -. _r. available, a filter can be made by using an i empty flowerpot. Place a screen in ---. �, t ,r'!` the bottom of the pot and place two or ` three sheets of paper tissue or cloth ^-y ■ ; on top of it. Add two or three inches j �: c.�• -- : of subsoil (luminous and clay), and s! -- -------• \'% ._.... / two or three inches of small rocks. j r This type of filter will remove over 90 per - J –, , cent of the fallout. After filtering the ikN'. - \;# water, purify it with purification tablets \� 1; (available at sports stores or kJ' ) i d rug stores) or by boiling. A bit of tea ' ! f or Kool Aid will greatly improve the -f taste of boiled water. ('r L } ' �t: iJi Imo) `' ', �, � T t1 5 ) , _._.__— __ __ -16- FOOD In many cases, normal washing, peeling, or cleaning of food will remove the fallout. Fallout is like dust or sand, and anything that removes dust will also remove the radioactive materials. Here are some added pre - cautions: . Remember that food that is too contaminated to eat should be handled only with extreme care. Take .i =. time to be cautious and avoid accidents such as •{ cutting yourself and allowing the material to enter ^'I '' your bloodstream. `;1 • . Wear rubber gloves when available to prevent radia- i`� tion burns. �.,'•' . Wash or brush off canned and packaged food. :.;! / . Do not eat food from packages left open during ••I•' fallout. Remember, cooking will not destroy radio - :� activity. . Foods with undamaged peels or rinds will be safe to • eat if you wash and peel carefully so that no fall - out gets on the inner food. Examples are: Potatoes Turnips } Banannas Carrots Apples . Use paper plates and cups (that were not exposed to fallout) when available. This will save time, effort, and conserve water when in short supply. References Emergency Food and Water, MP -665, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Nuclear Terms, A Brief Glossary, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Disaster Strikes, Texas State Department of Health, Austin, Texas. Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. Fallout Protection is Your Affair, PA -569, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. -17- Fallout Protection - What to Know and Do About Nuclear Attack, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. Family Food Stockpile for Survival, Home and Garden Bulletin No. 77, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Survival Plan, MP -666, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture Washington, D. C. Your Family Survival Plan, PA -578, Federal Extension Service U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Your Tomorrow...4 -H in the Nuclear Age, PA -586, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Food Preservation by Irradiation, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. -18- MEDICAL SELF -HELP A first aid course teaches you what to do until the doctor arrives; a medical self -help course helps you to act in the best interest of a victim when a doctor is not and will not be avail- able. It may be possible for you to attend one of these courses. The lessons you will have learned will be of interest to every- one who is interested in people's welfare. They would also make interesting material for a demonstration. Your local civil defense director can tell you where and when such courses will be taught in your area. This program is sponsored by the Texas Department of Health and the Office of Civil Defense. References A Guide for 4 -H Civil Defense, MP -664, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Medical Self -Help Training, U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. First Aid, L -12, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. For a Safe Future...Safety Now, Agriculture Handbook No. 227 U. S. Department of Agriculture. J 7Cc } S f r V / f 1 � \ ✓1 ,r l j ' � t - �\ % ( BABY BLUES 6 r � , / k , ; ,. -- % .- A %.„ i r r i '• ! t . rte-- ; \----.___ % Child care can be a loving experience. There are a few items that may need to be improvised during an emergency. Take a look at any reputable book on child care and you can find many instances in which advance preparations and planning will ease problem areas. You may also get some good suggestions from your family doctor. Here are a few considerations: . A supply of disposable diapers . Two -weeks supply of canned baby food . Baby aspirin . Music box, favorite toys . Portable heater (camping type) for sterilization . Instant mix baby cereal . Rubber sheets . Bathing facilities (portable) . Milk . Food blender . Ice cream mixer References Emergency Food and Water, MP -665, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. The Common Sense Book of Baby and Child Care, Benjamin Spock, M.D. l,f - i'' � -` : �- 1 r / er,, FUU -20.. -.: \))1 j ~ �i f WHAT MY FAMILY CAN DO i /_ -�f�\ ..ii :. \:.) When emergency strikes, there is usually little".. , / time to think about what to do. Skills and pre- `--- /`-- --! y cautions learned in the home often make the differ - /1 _..---' ence between life and death. ' J �^ -' \ ( 1 Every family should plan and periodically 11 1:`- review their survival plans. Each member should have specific duties to carry out, and know where i to go in each type of emergency. These plans t • should include: ("�., ' -L 1 . Learning emergency signals , 'tt . Turning off heating units, appliances � • Shut off fuel lines from oil tanks, gas lines i; . Turn on radio to emergency broadcasting ... :. stations '-' . Check in advance with utility companies for emergency \ -• instructions in turning off utilities . Do not use the telephone except to summon emergency help . Plan an emergency kit to include: Food First aid kit Water Blankets Flashlight Extra clothing Candles Necessary medicines Money Battery radio Follow official instructions calmly and as quickly as possible. Conduct family practice periods of "What to do when the signal sounds." Have each member practice his assigned task accompanied by his alternate to be sure duties are understood by both. An effective demonstration might entail a r_ bit of role playing in which both right and wrong cd) :: � ways of accomplishing tasks are demonstrated, and -%?' ' the reasons explained. q References �` ,„ �`(L� Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department tt !/\ of Defense, Office of Civil Defense, 1, k _,_ � Pentagon, Washington, D. C. November 1962. -v✓ \________----: xJ Your Family Survival Plan, PA -578, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. i Family Survival Plan, MP -666, Texas Agricul- i tural Extension Service. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of t "- -- Defense, Office of Civil Defense. ._i -21- Clothing Preparedness for Disaster, L -606, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Emergency Food and Water, MP -665, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout Protection is Your Affair, PA -569, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Food Stockpile for Survival, Home and Garden Bulletin No. 77, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Shelter Planning, B -1017, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Hone Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. I i / z, ..\ r_._. 7 if ' -- ,,, - , i1 7 . J — Ift,.,, 1 — 11 — .1 ; r -- -- ,7-77(..t - Fe 13 13 G I I i - ----;"- :-- -7-: :. -'' .". . /•d I ( � _- - _ , _ _ _ _ ( ( , .., • >J 2 Az. g 1 } f I 1 \ \ EDUCATION FOR DISASTER PROTECTION (What Schools Can Do) About one out of every four Americans is an elementary or high school pupil. This group represents probably our most valuable natural resource. Most schools are particularly vulnerable to disaster. Large, poorly supported auditoriums, gymnasiums, and heavily windowed classrooms offer little protection during earthquakes, tornadoes, or explosions. Defective wiring can create fires, or gas from a leaking main can turn a building into a bomb. On the other hand, an effective disaster preparedness program can do much to encourage people to heed warning signals and provide adequate protection for schools. This program may include: . Disaster protection education and safety education programs . Drills (fire, tornado, fire escape procedures) . Reduction of fire hazards (combustibles, inspection of wiring) . Fire extinguisher control, periodic inspection and refill . School warning system operation checks . School disaster shelters (consideration of underground expansions) . School disaster protection plans (developed with the aid and approval of local government officials) . Shelter areas and routes properly marl-ed . Shel.ter equipment surveys: wester, candles, first aid kits, fire extinguisher, ropes, ladders, battery operated radio -23- What are some of the major steps that have been taken in your school and community? References School Boards Plan for Disaster Problems, National School Boards Association, Inc., 450 East Ohio Street, Chicago 11, Illinois. -24- ` - f LIVESTOCK CARE AFTER / �' i A NUCLEAR ATTACK 7' M - I — j __. f s Fallout may be dangerous to poultry, cattle, sheep, horses, pigs and other livestock as well as to human beings. Animals should be brought into barns or sheltered areas when these are available. When it is necessary to leave farm animals exposed on open ranges, most of them can tolerate a single brief exposure (within the first 96 hours following detonation) of up to 300 roentgens of total body irradiation. However, if fallout is heavy, say 1,000 roentgens per hour at one hour after detonation, there would be little value in attempting to care for livestock unless they were protected by a shelter at least as good as that provided by a basement. When planning emergency work schedules, exposures should be kept to the lowest'practical limit consistent with saving the community, family, self, and farm animals. Where possible, divide exposures among older adults who are not likely to become future parents. This will avoid harm to future generations from minor'exposures that otherwise would do no harm.. The period of time between exposures should be extended as long as con;d._ti_ons permit. Plan your demonstration to show how work can be reduced by advanced preparations, such as protecting feed and water from contamination. After these means are exhausted, make a list of essential chores and plan a work schedule keeping exposures to a minimum. References Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. USDA Radiological Training Manual, Rural Civil Defense Office, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Soil, Crops, and Fallout From Nuclear Attack, PA -514, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. What the U. S. Department of Agriculture Can Do When Natural Disaster Strikes, f;f i': PA -533, U. S. Department of Agricul- ,' _' ture, Washington, D. C. �' f,. -25- \ ; / / /I -- — ,, .. i . , 1 I 7 % .....- ..,,," --....,.. ... ); 1 . ' ' - . '''.......... A ( ....... ^"."' .■......... -"-'...''' --............ , ■ ,0.. -. ...■.■...... i .... ..._...... ■,........, ....... . . . o . • . s . .. i / ..„.,....... %....._. .--. c. „......-+ Th ."- ---71 •1 . x 1 • • -, f''.. I I,. . •,_ -.. 1 \ ,,. . , 1 / ) .....„.. s 7.' , w..., 1 "-.'" " } \ \ N \ \ X , \ sr■ ''.'' ..- N '''' / X / A........4............".... fr..........." . A.,..... , ) ■-....) ,,,. ..- . , NA \ \ • \ N / 1 i . --...,/ .,. ...,,,_ -, „ ,,, ,. / s , \ __, --- — / / / 1 ' \ ',.,.. •\ N„ • / ( --, I : 's, \ , . 1‘ / / / ( —.1 / 1 , , r ..."" -.,.. .0. \ . w.".. r'' .•••--.. i../...A ---/ I • , ■ . , e t : • .‘ : 6 \ A 1..1 IC h. ,C h rf I - 1 - € r i s b E- -,:. ---i- 7 o r y 0 u 'T 1 /,,,,i/ : : ; • r :. ; iv . Many good shelter plans are available Ii___V".___11 M I / without charge. They vary in the degree of protection offered, their capacity and estimated construction costs. You may obtain plans and estimates from a contractor in your area. Plans are also available from the Texas Agricultural Extension Service.* When building a shelter, the following should be considered: 1. Degree of protection Tornado Blast Fallout 2. Type of construction Above ground Core Below ground Basement 3. Cost Materials Labor Excavation Local conditions will cause the price to vary. If you live in a high water area, an underground shelter may be out of the question. In highly populated areas, a school or community shelter may be the answer. In still other areas, the best underground family shelter offering a high degree of protection from torna- does, blast and heat, may cost little more than a shelter that provides only fallout protection. *For shelter plans and design information, write to: Extension Agricultural Engineer-Civil Defense, Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, Texas. -26- References Family Shelter Planning, B -1017, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense Family Shelter Designs, H -7, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. Guiding 4 -H Youth in Civil Defense, PA -503, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout Protection is Your Affair, PA-569, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. • Fallout Protection - What to Know and Do About Nuclear Attack, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. Defense Against Radioactive Fallout on the Farm, Farmers Bulletin 2107, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Tornado Precautions, Texas Department of Public Safety, Office of Defense and Disaster Relief. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. The Disaster Cellar, L -388, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Your Family Survival Plan, PA -578, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. -27- / II / ! \ I I / \ 1 i ` 1`__ 7/1 \__ ! - - � • . _inn \ 1 _ �; - ff �_ I TWO BUILDINGS FOR THE PRICE OF ONE (BUILDINGS WITH BUILT -IN FALLOUT PROTECTION) Every building offers some natural shielding against fallout radiation. In the National Fallout Shelter Survey, millions of suitable shelter spaces were found in existing buildings, even though no consideration had been given to fallout protection when they were first designed. Many other buildings would have pro- vided reasonable protection, but they had weak points which nulli- fied otherwise good protection. If these weaknesses are detected in the initial design phases, the fallout protection can be maximised by making slight alterations without significant increase in cost. An excellent method demonstration could be devis:d by borrowing floor plans and making a model of a typical public building in your community. By making the walls and ceiling of your model removable, you can start out by exposing the radiation flaws as they exist and then change the model to improve its protective value. It may also be possible to improve the attrac- tiveness and aesthetic appeal at the same time. There is no evidence that the structure has to be a massive enclosed box. At the same time, significant construction cost reductions have been realized by placing one floor of a multi -story building underground. This is due to reduced wall structural requirements. -2 Briefly look at these basic concepts of protection. The following drawing illustrates how radiation can enter a structure: 4r•. WALL ROOF CONTRIBUTION SCATTERED *i .. f' \ S KYSHINE • GROUND DIRECT / Fallout (x x x) settles on the ground, the roof, ledges, sills, and canopies. The roof and surrounding ground surfaces become the major sources of direct line radiation that can enter the building. Significant amounts of radiation also occur due to wall scattered radiation and radiation that is deflected by the atmosphere culled skyshine. These last two contributions may be visualized as a bullet ricochetting off of particles in its path or as light rays which are refracted (bent) as they pass through another medium such as water. Analyze your structure and plan your design alterations so that all of the four contributions of radioactivity are minimized. Remember, an otherwise excellent job of slanting can be nullified by failure to correct one weakness. Basically, you have three tools to help you: Geometry - designing so that occupants are out of the direct line of radiation. Barrier - placing shielding material (mass), between a person and the source of radiation. Distance - When other factors are equal, a person standing in the center of a large building receives greater pro- tection than he would in a small one because he is further from the source of the radiation. Here are some examples: . reducing window areas (Barrier) . raising sill heights (Barrier) . filling hollow walls with sand or gravel (Barrier) . using outside retaining walls (Barrier) . adding large planter boxes (Barrier) . partially depressing buildings into the ground (Barrier) . arranging rooms to provide a protective core (Geometry and Distance) . overhangs on roofs (Barrier) -29- . placing first floors underground (Barrier) . screening walls and right angle entrances (Barrier) . sloping earth banks (Barrier and Distance) References (Order through local Civil Defense Office)* New Buildings With Fallout Protection, TR -27, January 1965. Shelter Development, Architect and Engineer Activities, L -38, June 1965. Winning School Fallout Shelter Designs, H -9, May 1963. National School Fallout Shelter Design Competition Awards, OCD Technical Report, TR -19, February 1963. * Some of these publications may be available through the Department of Defense and Disaster Relief, Texas Department of Public Safety, Box 4087, N. Austin Station, Austin, Texas. , a f SAFE IN THE MIDDLE OF A LAKE? This idea follows a new concept in fallout protection. It offers safe, effective protection to families who own a yacht or houseboat and live near a body of water which would enable them to cruise about 1,000 yards offshore. If there is a long bridge of massive construction that traverses the water, it may be help- ful during the fallout period as explained in the demonstration. Materials Chart or visual display of the title Aquarium or large size container (representing a lake) Rice or grape nuts (for use as "fallout ") Garden trowel or other "fallout dispensor" Toy boat (visible at 30 ft. but not so large as to dominate the "lake ") (aquarium) Toy bridge (may be built) Demonstration Procedure - The scene takes place after a nuclear device has been exploded near the ground. Fallout is predicted for your area. Explain how your family could gain protection from the density of the water. How could cruising at least 1,000 yards offshore help you during periods of fallout? How could anchoring under a bridge (1,000 yards offshore) help reduce the fallout hazard? (A bridge, if available in your area, may provide an added measure of pro- tection.) The fallout cloud moves into your area (performed by the partner sifting rice or grape nuts above the lake from the trowel.) (The trowel may be camouflaged behind a cloud of cotton, paper, etc.) -31- Where does the fallout go? (it is important that some of the fallout settles on the bridge and some into the water.) By remaining under a bridge, you could take advantage of both shield- ing and distance from the bridge overhead and from the water (the fallout settles to the bottom of the lake). The fallout on the shore is no problem because of the distance involved. About half of the fallout settles within the first 24 hours. However, dangerous amounts can continue to fall so you remain under the bridge or continue to wash down the roof of the boat. After two or three days, you learn that the radioactive cloud has passed your area but dangerous amounts still remain on the ground and people are advised to remain under .shelter as much as possible. Your family decides to move to another position, about 1,000 yards away from the bridge and the shoreline. What was the reason for this move? (Hint - remember, there is still fallout on top of the bridge and on the shore.) References Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack, Agricl tural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture. Fallout Protection is Your Affair, PA -569, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout Protection - What to Know and Do About Nuclear Attack, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. -32- c, r` \ \ 1 . � \ ,' \ , r� r; f ' DECONTAMINATION OF RADI ©ACTIVE MATERIALS A small amount of radioactive materials can cause considerable damage if it gets into food you eat, or if it enters your blood- stream through an open wound. It can produce a severe burn if it is carried in your hair or next to your skin. On the other hand, decontamination of an area can restore its use long before the radioactive materials have decayed to a safe level. It is important to remember that decontamination does not destroy the harmful material; it only removes it. To be effective, any decontamination effort must provide for a wise disposition of the material once it i removed. You could build a model of a community shelter and show how radioactive material is removed from people when they enter. Show where the contaminated clothing is placed, where people shower, and where they dress in clothing provided for them. How can certain foods be decontaminated? What steps could be taken by a community to reduce the time spent in a shelter? Would the fallout be removed to a safe place? References What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Protection of Food and Agriculture Against Nuclear Attack, Agricultural Handbook No. 234, Agricultural Research Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Emergency Food and Water, MP -665, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Nuclear Terms, A Brief Glossary, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. What the U. S. Department of Agriculture Can Do When Natural Disaster Strikes, PA -533, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. -33- Soil, Crops, and Fallout From Nuclear Attack, PA -514, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. What People Can Do About Rural Civil Defense, PA -574, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Family Food Stockpile for Survival, Home and Garden Bulletin No. 77, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout and Your Farm Food, PA -515, Federal Extension Service U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Your Tomorrow...4 -H in the Nuclear Age, PA -586, Federal Extension Service, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. Fallout from Nuclear Tests, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Box 62, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Home Protection Exercises, MP -1, Department of Defense, Office of Civil Defense. What You Should Know About the National Plan for Civil Defense and Defense Mobilization, MP -7, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization. -34- EXHIBIT SUGGESTIONS EXPERIMENTS WITH RADIATION ON SEEDS The following exhibit is designed to show the effects of different amounts or radiation on plant life.. Some seeds are more resistant to radiation than others. For example, okra seed will withstand far more radiation than cotton seed. These are genetic differences which are not completely understood. Notice the wide span in dosages necessary to reduce growth in the following seeds. Radioresistant Dosage I .... 'f Seed ;.;.. •- Alfalfa 80,000 `k, {}''rl i ` , ,., t , r roentgens G \ ,v \\ Mustard 70,000 �'� �,:. • ' s��,, roentgens /4, �. \ _ ,,(; ;',; � �\\ Cabbage 100,000 ( -1 L �- �j i roentgens ! ; - . J 5 i`o 2(0 10 , •o Most Clovers 80,000 roentgens Response of dormant seeds to various - gamma -ray treatments. Single radiation treatments were given. 100 seeds were planted per row in peat - perlite medium. Barley seedlings after 7 days: only water was added. The numbers in front of the rows are kiloroentgens. Alfal- fa seedlings after 20 days: nutrient solution was added twice weekly. Compare sensitive barley at 80 kr with resistant alfalfa at that dose. Radiosensitive Dosage ;A __— = - ---- Seed % l..' \J - � ` ,,. \\ Barley 15,000 ' roentgens f ,. .:"7p .,,,.. - ..w. -, ,- \ 4' - ' � Onion 500 Q4. , . i ' roentgens , , -•,r _ Rye 3,000 A L, ± \ ( 1- .A i 1 roentgens - 1 L T 0 ' 0 z; 0 0 1G 0 - - - Beans 6,000 ___' roentgens Wheat 20,000 roentgens -35- The previous illustration shows how an exhibit may be set up to demonstrate living evidence of radiation damage to plants and compare extremes in radiosensitivity. Radiation damage is not only limited to leaves, but roots are equally deformed. The illustration could be carried one step further by building a glass front and planting seeds against the glass at the start of each row. This would allow the root systems to be viewed. This is a noteworthy addition since one criteria of a successful exhibit is how effectively it uses materials to show the main topic being discussed. If this approach is taken, it is imperative that the glass be covered to keep out light while the plants are growing. Otherwise, the roots may tend to grow away from the light and out of sight. This could be done very effectively by making the sign (BARLEY & ALFALFA in the case of the illustration) removable so that it exposes the glass window. This way the root systems could be viewed whenever the demonstrator removes the sign and directs attention to them. In preparing this exhibit the experimentor would want to make a few trial plantings in order to decide just what varieties of seed and radiation doses would produce favorable comparisons. Also, since 15 -30 days may be required for plants to grow, this will give an opportunity to decide just how far in advance plantings should be made in order that the plants may be at their best when they are to be demonstrated. The experimentor may choose from any number of seed to test radiosensitivity. Since cotton is a large producer in Texas, cotton and okra would make an interesting comparison. Well nourished plants would produce an interesting exhibit in about 7 -10 days. Cabbage and wheat would take about 14 to 21 days. This is based on seed plantings to a recommended depth of 3/4 inches. View boxes should contain at least 31/2 inches of soil and be sturdily built. Soil should be kept moist but not soggy. These and many other experiments are described in detail in the booklets Experiments with Radiation on Seeds, Numbers 1 and 2. These booklets can be obtained by writing the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission, Division of Technical Information Extension, Oak Ridge, Tennessee. Assistance in seed irradiation is available through the Rural Civil Defense Office, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, College Station, Texas. Additional Reference Science in 4 -H, Unit I, Learning About Seeds, Texas Agricultural Extension Service. Order through Rural Civil Defense Office.