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TEXAS OPERATIONS PLAN
RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE (RADEF) EXERCISE
JUNE 27, 1984
CONTENTS
BASIC PLAN
ATTACHMENTS
1. EXCERPTS FROM "APPLICATION OF METEROLOGICAL
DATA TO RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE"
2. OPERATIONAL REPORTING AREAS
3. ANNEX D. APPENDIX 3
4. CRITIQUE RESPONSE FORMS
5. SAMPLE EXERCISE NEWS RELEASE
TEXAS OPERATIONS PLAN
RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE (RADEF) EXERCISE
JUNE 27, 1984
PURPOSE
To train Emergency Management Directors /Coordinators (EMD /C), Radiological
Defense Officers (RDO), Radiological Monitors (RM), and Emergency Operating
Centers (EOC) staff personnel in RADEF procedures under nuclear attack and
radioactive fallout conditions.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the following functions.
A. RADEF Communications net.
B. County and city leaders ability to function and to provide survival
protection to the maximum number of individuals during nuclear attack and
fallout conditions.
C. State agencies and subagencies abilities to support local leaders during
nuclear attack and fallout conditions.
D. To test backup and alternate communications systems in the event
electromagnetic pulse (EMP) damages equipment.
E. The effectiveness of the "Host" areas to adequately support the added
population that would be experienced if Crisis Relocation Plans were
implemented under conditions of radioactive fallout.
REFERENCES
CPG 1 -30 June 1981 the Support Systoempment of a Local
CPG 2 -6.1 or SM 5.2 Radiological Defense Preparedness.
CPG 2 -6.2 or SM 5 Radiological Defense Manual.
FG -E -5.6.1 or SM 5.4 Meteorological Data for Radiological Defense.
CPG 2 -1A Chapters 1 thru 9.
Local RADEF Annex D and SOPs.
PARTICIPATING ORGANIZATIONS
A. Department of Public Safety (DPS)
1. Districts and Subdistricts
2. Communications Stations
3. Region Liaison Officers (RLO)
4. State EOC
C5. Aerial Monitoring organizations V
B. Department of Health (TDH)
1. State RDOs
2. District and subdistrict RDOs
3. EMA Staff
C. Department of Highways and Public Transportation (TDHPT)
1. District Office Communications
2. District RDOs
3. Radio operators at County Maintenance Sections
Q Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services (RACES) will be activated.
-2-
E. Texas Counties and Cities.
1. Emergency Management Directors /Coordinators
2. RDOs
3. EOC staffs
4. RMs
5. Designated "Warning" points.
CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS
A. Assumptions
1. Nuclear detonations (NUDET) may be air or ground bursts. Location of
NUDETS will be forwarded by message.
2. Downwind Fallout (DF) data
100 MB (53,000 ft.)
0000Z 27 Jun = 1800 CST or 1700 MST observation time 26 June
DFUS XXXX 27/0000Z
S CNTRL US +12 +18 +24
HOU 2802 3004 3003
SAT 2803 3005 2904
CRP 3102 3304 3203
BRO 2903 3105 3004
LRD 3004 3004 3103
DRT 3203 3204 3203
HOB 2903 2903 3004
AMA 2802 3004 2903
ABI 2802 3004 2903
DAL 2902 3104 3003
SHV 2503 2604 2604
S WRN US +12 +18 +24
ELP 2702 2904 2803
-3-
DFUS XXXX 27/120
S CNTRL US
+12 +18 +24
HOU 2904 3004 3103
SAT 2803 2904 3303
03
CRP 3104 3203
BRO 3103 3104 3303
300
LRD 3003 3103 3204
DRT 3104 3203 3002
HOB 3003 2904 02
AMA 3204 3104 3203
ABI 3004 3003 2 103
DAL 3103 3003 31
SHV 2703 2604
SWRN US
+12 +18 +24
ELP 2903
2804 2903
3. Wind speed and direction will be interpreted from the above given
downwind fallout (DF) data.
4. The attack will be expected with a four day lead time and citizen
relocation from "Risk" areas to "Host "areas will be simula e .
"Risk" area RADEF will be expected to support their "Host" area RADEF
staffs.
5.
Radiation levels for each NUDET will be forwarded by message.
B. Time frame of June 27, 1984, exercise will be as follows:
8:00 a.m. = D-4 Day - Situation: World conditions are deteriorating.
8:10 a.m. = D-3 Day - Situation: SiimulatetCrisis Relocation Plans
implemented.
-4-
8:20 a.m. = D -2 Day - Situation: World situation is deteriorating
rapidly. General war is probable.
8:30 a.m.= D -1 Day - Situation: World leaders have severed diplomatic
relations. Nuclear attack appears
imminent.
8:40 a.m. = D Day - Situation: Attack Warning is dispatched over TAWAS.
9:00 a.m. = D Day - Situation: Simulated Nuclear attack on USA. NUDET
reports promptly dispatched.
10:00 a.m. = H + 1 Hour - Radioactive fallout is beginning to spread over
large areas of the USA.
11:00 a.m. = H + 2 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
12:00 a.m. = H + 3 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
1:00 p.m. = H + 7 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
2:00 p.m. = H + 24 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
3:00 p.m. = H + 48 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
3 :30 p.m. = H + 94 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
4:00 p.m. = H + 168 Hours - Reports made per sealed envelope and Annex D
Appendix 3 instructions.
4:15 p.m. = Exercise terminated
4:25 p.m. = Exercise critiqued
C. Reporting Procedure
1. All messages (wire, radio, telephone, etc.) will begin with the term
"EXERCISE" and end with the term "EXERCISE ". DO NOT FORGET!
-5-
2. Reports from WERS, fallout shelters, operating emergency crews, and
city EOCs will be reported to the county EOC. The county EOC
Emergency Managment Director /Coordinator and /or RDO will assemble and
relay the information to their County Maintenance Section of TDHPT.
3. Each County TDHPT Maintenance Section will relay the information to
their TDHPT District office. The District TDHPT office will forward
the reports to the State Disaster District office of the reporting
county.
4. NUDET summaries and fallout warning reports will be transmitted from
the State EOC through the NAWAS and TAWAS systems to DPS regional and
district offices and TAWAS stations. Reports to individual counties
from DPS warning points will be by established procedures.
5. Counties will report using their operational reporting areas number
(Attachment 112).
6. Problems requiring reports from you will be mailed under seperate
cover.
7. If you have any questions, please contact:
TED CHINN
TEXAS DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH
512/458 -1393
Texan 885 -3035
Copies furnished to:
All EMD /C's
All RDO's
All Health Regions
All Highway District Offices
All DPS District Commanders
All DPS -DEM
-6-
TEXAS
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0 100 200 300 400 500
1 1 1 1 1 t 1 1 1 1
ALBERS EOUAL -AREA PROJECTION
1:5,000.000
Attachment #2
TEXAS
OPERATIONAL REPORTING AREAS
(alphabetical)
15. Amarillo, City of 270. Corpus Christi, City of 34. Hardeman County
124. Anderson County 128. Coryell County 213. Hardin County
99. Andrews County 33. Cottle County 209. Harris County
165. Angelina County 151. Crane County 119. Harrison County
267. Aransas County 186. Crockett County N. 6. Hartley County
47. Archer County 197. Crockett County S. 63. Haskell County
19. Armstrong County 52. Crosby County 224. Hays County
254. Atascosa County 142. Culberson County N. 10. Hemphill County
221. Austin County 148. Culberson County S. 116. Henderson County
203. Austin, City of 5. Dallam County 283. Hidalgo County
28. Bailey County 86. Dallas County 113. Hill County
228. Bandera County 85. Dallas, City of 55. Hockley County
204. Bastrop County 97. Dawson County 109. Hood County
48. Baylor County 17. Deaf Smith County 72. Hopkins County
215. Beaumont, City of 71. Delta County 164. Houston County
262. Bee County 68. Denton County 210. Houston, City of
160. Bell County 252. DeWitt County 101. Howard County
243. Bexar County 51. Dickens County 143. Hudspeth County N.E.
201. Blanco County 258. Dimwit County 144. Hudspeth County N.W.
96. Borden County 20. Donley County 70. Hunt County
111. Boaque County 272. Duval County 8. Hutchinson County
39. Bowie County 106. Eastland County 147. Hudspeth County S.
219. Brazoria County 138. Ector County 154. Irion County
177. Brazos County 231. Edwards County 66. Jack County
236. Brewster County C. 146. El Paso County 251. Jackson County
235. Brewster County E. 145. El Paso, City of 170. Jasper County
194. Brewster County N. 114. Ellis County 190. Jeff Davis County E.
238. Brewster County S. 108. Erath County 191. Jeff Davis County W.
24. Briscoe County 161. Falls County 216. Jefferson County
278. Brooks County 42. Fannin County 277. Jim Hogg County
131. Brown County 222. Fayette County 271. Jim Wells County
178. Burleson County 94. Fisher County 112. Johnson County
181. Burnet County 31. Floyd County 93. Jones County
223. Caldwell County 35. Foard County 253. Karnes County
265. Calhoun County 220. Fort Bend County 83. Kaufman County
105. Callahan County 88. Fort Worth, City of 227. Kendall County
282. Cameron County 73. Franklin County 280. Kenedy County
79. Camp County 125. Freesone County 61. Kent County
13. Carson County 255. Frio County 229. Kerr County
76. Cass County 98. Gaines County 199. Kimble County
26. Castro County 218. Galveson County 50. King County
217. Chambers County 60. Garza County 240. Kinney County
123. Cherokee County 200. Gillespie County 279. Kleberg County
22. Childress County 136. Glasscock County 49. Knox Cc„:nty
46. Clay County 263. Goliad County 41. Lamar County
56. Cochran County 246. Gonzales County 29. Lamb County
132. Coleman County 12. Gray County 159. Lampasas County
69. Collin County 43. Grayson County 259. LaSalle County
21. Collingsworth County 118. Gregg County 247. Lavaca County
248. Colorado County 176. Grimes County 205. Lee County
226. Comal County 225. Guadalupe County 163. Leon County
107. Comanche County 30. Hale County 212. Liberty County
156. Concho County 23. Hall County 126. Limestone County
44. Cooke County 129. Hamilton County 1. Lipscomb County
134. Cooke County 3. Hansford County 261. Live Oak County
Attachment 2, p. 2
182. Llano County 162. Robertson County 180. Williamson County
140. Loving County 84. Rockwell County 245. Wilson County
54. Lubbock, City of 133. Runnels County 139. Winkler County
53. Lubbock County 122. Rusk County 67. Wise County
59. Lynn County 168. Sabine County 80. Wood County
175. Madison County 244. San Antonio, City of 57. Yoakum County
77. Marion County 167. San Augustine County 65. Young County
100. Martin County 211. San Jacinto County 276. Zapata County
183. Mason County 268. San Patricio Count
250. . Matagorda Count Y 256. Zavala County
County 158. San Saba County
257. Maverick County 185. Schleicher County
157. McCulloch County 95. Scurry County
127. McLennan County 92. Shackelford County
260. McMullen County 121. Shelby County
242. Medina County 4. Sherman County
184. Menard County 117. Smith County
137. Midland County 110. Somervell County
179. Milam County 284. Starr County
130. Mills County 91. Stephens County
102. Mitchell County 135. Sterling County
45. Montague County 62. Stonewall County
208. Montgomery County 198. Sutton County
7. Moore County 25. Swisher County
75. Morris County 87. Tarrant County
32. Motley County 104. Taylor County
166. Nacogdoches County 196. Terrell County N.
115. Navarro County 234. Terrell County S.
169. Newton County 58. Terry County
103. Nolan County 64. Throckmorton County
269. Nueces County 74. Titus County
2. Ochiltree County 155. Tom Green County
16. Oldham County 202. Travis County
214. Orange County 173. Trinity County
90. Palo Pinto County 171. Tyler County
120. Panola County 78. Upshur County
89. Parker County 152. Upton County
27. Parker County 241. Uvalde County
188. Pecos County N.C. 232. Val Verde County N.E.
187. Pecos County N.E. 233. Val Verde County N.W.
189. Pecos County N.W. 239. Val Verde County S.
195. Pecos County S. 82. Van Zandt County
172. Polk County 264. Victoria County
14. Potter County 174. Walker County
193. Presidio County N.E. 207. Waller County
192. Presidio County N.W. 150. Ward County
237. Presidio County S. 206. Washington County
81. Rains County 273. Webb County N.E.
18. Randall County 274. Webb County N.W.
153. Reagan County 275. Webb County S.
230. Real County 249. Wharton County
40. Red River County 11. Wheeler County
141. Reeves County N. 37. Wichita County
149. Reeves County S. 38. Wichita Falls, City of
266. Refugio County 36. Wilbarger County
9. Roberts County, 281. Willacy County
Attachment 2, p. 3
APPLICATION OF METEOROLOGICAL DATA TO RADIOLOGICAL DEFENSE
SCOPE room) cloud. However, it must be recognized (1) that
This manual provides guidance to assist State and anyone making such observations would face the haz-
local governments in the use of meteorological data to: ards of burns from thermal radiation, destruction of
his eyesight, and —if he were within the blast area—
l. Prepare area fallout forecasts and estimates of Injury from flying debris; and (2) that attempts to
fallout arrival time for operational use. observe a nuclear blast would most likely be unsuc-
2. Prepare hypothetical dose rate and dose contours cess /ul. Observation of the nuclear cloud or stem is
for use in conjunction with tests and exercises. not possible at night —or during the day, if the sky is
3. Determine the most probable direction and ex• overcast. Also, with heavy overcast, diffused light all
tent of fallout distribution in areas of interest as over the sky might interfere with observing the direr•
a basis for preattack planning. tion of the flash.
However, if the direction of the flash has been ob-
FALLOUT FORECASTS served, the time interval between the observation of
Basic Data the flash and the detection of the subsequent "bang"
In the preparation of area fallout forecasts and esti- will indicate the approximate distance of the GZ loca-
mates of fallout arrival time, the following basic data tion from the observer. The speed of sound at the
are needed: earth's surface is about 1 mile per 5 seconds, or 12
• Approximate ground zero (GZ) location and time miles per minute. Thus, if there is a lapse of five min-
of detonation. utes between the time the flash is observed and the
• An assumed yield of the weapon or the dimensions time the "bang" is heard, the detonation would be
of the nuclear cloud at time of stabilization. (A about 60 miles away. If, in addition to the direction,
yield of 3 million tons of TNT — equivalent to 3 the approximate distance of the detonation from the
megatons iMT) —may be assumed unless there is point of observation is known, the GZ location may be
reason to believe that the nature of the target would determined with sufficient accuracy to prepare an area
make a different yield more likely.) fallout forecast.
• Upper air wind information. GZ location may be determined in some areas by
electronic devices, such as atmospheric overpressure
Determining Ground Zero Location or incident thermal radiation detectors, radar, etc.
Knowledge of the location of likely targets in the
general area of the detonation will be helpful in de- Weapon Yield and Dimensions of the Nuclear Cloud
ducing some GZ locations. Analysis of reports of The nuclear cloud from a surface burst will reach
minor blast damage can define the periphery of the stabilization within about 10 minutes after detonation.
blast area, and the center of that area can be taken as At this time, when vertical development of the cloud
GZ. (See FCDG, Part E, Chap. 2, Appen. 3, "Civil De- ceases, the dimensions of the cloud (height and diame-
fense Emergency Operations Reporting System," and ter) will vary with the size of the weapon and the at-
related handbooks.) mospheric conditions. These variables and the upper
In some instances, the GZ location may be approxi- air winds are major factors in the spread of fallout.
mated by visual observation of the direction of the Figure 1 indicates the approximate dimensions of nu-
flash or of the stem of the subsequent nuclear (mush- clear clouds as a function of total weapon yield.
3
Attachment #1
Upper Air Wind In /orrnation (General) gency, forecasts and estimates of areas likely to be
Executive Order 11490 assigns to the Department of covered by radiological fallout in the event of nuclear
(:urrtrnerce ( Weather Bureau) the responsibility for attack, and for making this information available to
preparing and issuing currently, as well as in an ewer- Federal, State, and local authorities.
APPROXIMATE NUCLEAR CLOUT) DIMENSIONS
1 I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1- Si
200
2
2 x-56
2
180 t
2
z 2
c I 1 72
r I
; 160 j
I
n
0
0 I 1 -2a
g 140
T I
/ — 24g
'+ 12 2
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n nt
I
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loo' ' 3
V *SIAIILITT 0 CLO roe
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r. - 1
12
NI 60• .1
'11.' A
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I °
40.- r a M
4
_ 51 0 v
■ .__a . ____s .r
0 ._____1 1 + 1 + + + + 1 t 1 1 + + It 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 1 I 1 + 1 + + ++ 1
•
1 /deo% 2 3 10 20 50 100 200 500 1 Wia+a. 2 5 10 20 30 0
TOTAL WEAPON YIELD 1 rNr EOUIVALFNr) ft.,.... In t.«1M hone. a..
Sin weeny S...., na.54.s..., e. C
1..t..5. Ia1.
FIGURE 1.— Approximate nuclear cloud dimensions.
TABLE 1.— Locations of DF data points in the continental United States, Alaska,
Hawaii, the Caribbean Area (Puerto Rico), and Canada
(Data transmitted on FAA Saralee "C")
Idan+. (dent.
Coda Location Coda Location
KERN U5 NORTHEASTERN U. S. SERI SOUTHEASTERN U. S.
JFK Brooklyn, NY RIC Richmond, VA
BOS Boston, MA HAT Cape Hatteras, NC
AUG Augusta, ME RDU Raleigh, NC
CAR Carabou, ME TRI Bristol, TN
PLB Plattsburgh, NY BNA Nashville, TN
ALB Albany, NY JAN Jackson, MS
BUF Buffalo, NY BHM Birmingham, AL
IPT Williamsport. PA ATL Atlanta, GA
PIT Pittsburgh, PA CAE Columbia, SC
BAL Baltimore, MD ILM Wilmington, NC
CRW Charleston, WV JAX Jacksonville, FL
LOU Louisville, KY TLH Tallahassee, FL
4
TABLE 1.— Locations of DF data points in the continental United States, Alaska,
Hawaii, the Caribbean Area (Puerto Rico), and Canada — Continued
(NU uassaeltted es FAA Sonic. "C')
Idea,. Idea..
(:ode Localloa Gds
TPA Tampa, FL BFF Scottsbluff, NB
MIA Miami, FL SWAN US SOUTNYKSTSRJS U. S.
MOB Mobile, AL SLC Salt Lake City, UT
MSY New Orleans, LA NH Pocatello, ID
S CNTRL US SOUTH CENTRAL U. S. RKS Rock Springs, WY
HOU Houston, TX GJT Grand Junction, CO
SAT San Antonio, TX FMN Farmington, NM
CRP Corpus Christi, TX ABQ Albuquerque, NM
BRO Brownsville, TX BCE Bryce Canyon, UT
LRD Laredo, TX LAS Las Vegas, NV
DRT Del Rio, TX ELY Ely, NV
HOB Hobbs, NM EKO Elko, NV
AMA Amarillo, TX TPH Tonapah, NV
ABI Abilene, TX RNO Reno, NV
DAL Dallas, TX SFO San Francisco, CA
SHV Shreveport, LA FAT Fresno, CA
MEM Memphis, TN SBA Santa Barbara, CA
LIT Little Rock, AR SAN San Diego, CA
OKC Oklahoma City, OK DAG Barstow.Daggett, CA
ALS Alamosa, CO YUM Yuma, AZ
DEN Denver, CO PRC Prescott, AZ
GCK Garden City, ICS TUS Tucson, AZ
HLC Hill City, KS ELP El Paso, TX
ICT Wichita, KS CANADA
609
MKC Kansas City, MO St. John
714
SGF Springfield, MO 714 Quebec
731 North Bay
STL St. Louis, MO
749 Ft. William
N CNTRL US NORTH CENTRAL U. S.
IND Indianapolis, IN 852 Winnepeg
ORD . Chicago, IL 863 Regina
CLE Cleveland. OH 872 Medicine Hat
FNT Flint, MI 882 Revelstoke
SSM Sault Ste. Marie, MI 892 Vancouver
GRB Green Bay, WI DFAL ALASKA BRW Barrow, AK
DBQ Dubuque, IA BTI Barter Island, AK
DSM Des Moines, IA OTZ Kotzebue, AK
ONL O'Neill, NB BTF Bottles, AK
RAP Rapid City, SD OME Nome, AK
ABR Aberdeen, SD BET Bethel, AK
MSP Minneapolis, MN MCG McGrath, AK
INL International Falls, MN FAX Fairbanks, AK
NIRN US NORTHIE.STERN U. S.
GFK Grand Forks, ND ANC Anchorage, AK
DIK Dickinson. ND ORT Northway, AK
GGW Glasgow, MT SNP St. Paul, AK
BIL Billings, MT CDB Cold Bay, AK
GTF Great Falls, MT AKN King Salmon, AK
DLN Dillon, MT MDO Middleton Island, AK
FCA Kallispel, MT NHB Kodiak, AK
GEG Spokane, WA YAK Yakutat, AK
SEA Seattle, WA JNU Juneau, AK
PDX Portland, OR ANN Annette Island, AK
OTH North Bend, OR SYA Shemya, AK
RBL Red Bluff, CA ADK Adak, AK
LKV Lakeview, OR WWI MAIM
TTO Hilo
JDA John Day, OR LIH Lihue
BOI Boise, ID DFCA CAR/RILAN
CPR Casper, WY 526 San Juan, Puerto Rico
S
The Weather Bureau maintains a network of four -digit block "1512" would mean that the direc-
"Rawin" observatories which measure, by electronic tion is 150° clockwise from true north (windflow
method,, the direction and speed of the wind from the toward SE), and the distance, 120 miles in three
earth's surface to high altitudes above the surface. hours.
These data are used primarily for routinely analyz-
For each data location, data are transmitted to sub -
ing and forecasting the motions of the atmosphere.
'f}le data are transmitted to a central location at Suit- scribers about six hours after observation times (twice
land, Maryland, where they are processed by a com-
daily) in three forecasts, for 12, 18, and 24 hours
puler system into several forms, for a variety of uses, after the observation. Each forecast will be used dur-
One form is the fallout vector data for use in prepara• ing the six -hour period centered on these times. (See
tion of fallout area forecasts. Data are prepared for Ftgure 3.)
about 100 locations in the continental United States The symbolic form of the message is "iii ddss ddss
and ddss
(except Alaska) , and about 30 in Alaska, Hawaii,
Puerto Rico, and southern Canada. The locations are iii — Identifier for location.
shown on the map (Figure 2) and are listed in area dd —True direction toward which particles would
groups in Table 1. The boundaries of group areas are fall, in tens of degrees.
indicated by heavy lines on the map, Under the iden- ss— Distance in tens of statute miles for three -hour
tifying designator "DF'" the data are transmitted fall from the 100 mb level.
over the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Ser- Time indicators: The first ddss group is for use
vice "C" Teletypewriter Facility to most Weather Bu- over a 6-hour period centered on observation time plus
reau offices, FAA offices, and to other governmental 12 hours; the second, for observation time plus 18
and private subscribers. The data are also relayed to hours; and the third, for observation time plus 24
Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. hours; i.e., the time for which a forecast is to be used
The State and local civil defense offices planning to is indicated by the position of the four-digit group.
make their own forecasts should arrange for the re- The DF message format is illustrated in Figure 4, in
ceipt of DF messages that might pertain to their areas which the first line indicates that the data are DF for
the United States, based on observations at 0000Z, on
of jurisdiction. The nearest FAA or Weather Bureau
office should be contacted to arrange for appropriate the first day of the month; the second line heads a
group of locons in the relay of 1)F messages, unless the data are already the left hand identifies D ons; and States;
the nited
available over State emergency circuits.
second, third, and fourth columns describe DF vectors
Wind Data for Fallout Forecasts for use 12, 18, and 24 hours, respectively, after
• (Summary Description) 010000Z; i.e., at 011200Z, 011800Z, and 020001
The data (DF) are based upon U.S. Weather Bureau Data are provided for about 100 locations in the
observations made at 0000 and 1200 Greenwich time continental United States (except Alaska), and about
(0000Z and 1200Z). 30 in Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and Canada. (See
• The observed data are processed by computer at Figure 2.)
Suitland, Maryland, into forecasts of the integrated Data are provided in convenient plotting sequence
effects of the wind layers from the 100 millibar for each of the six areas of the continental United
(mb) level (about 53,000 ft.) to the earth's surface, States (except Alaska), and separately for the other
on idealized particles which would fall to the slit areas.
face from that level in three hours; i.e., three-hour
direction and distance vectors. It is emphasized that the forecast times (observation
• time plus 12, 18, and 24 hours, with about 6 hours
The DF vectors describe the direction to the nearest processing and reporting delay) provide for overlap
10 degrees clockwise from true north, and to the of the forecasts from one observation time to the next.
nearest 10 -mile distance. A fallout forecast vector This is intentional, to provide forecasts into the early
for a single location and time is described by four postattack period, when new meteorologica! data might
digits: the first two indicate direction of windflow not be available. As indicated in Figure 3, the third
in tens of degrees, and the last two indicate the three- column data (observation time plus 24 hours) would
hour distance in tens of miles. For example, the be used only if new data were not received.
" 'DFUS" for the rnntinental United States. euepr Alaska, and for
....them H
Canada: "DFAK" for Alaska; "DFHW" for awaii; and "DFCA"
fur PI,erto Biro (Caribbean Area), a Weather Bureau time notation for mideight
6
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NERN US
JFK 1011 1110 1209 BOS 0914 1012 1112 AUG 1017 1015 1111
CAR 1018 1017 1117 PLB 1115 1215 1215 ALB 1113 1112 1212
BUF 1211 1212 1311 IPT 1110 1210 1310 PIT 1209 1310 1211
BAL 1009 1209 1310 CRW 1209 1211 1212 LOU 1211 1213 1112
SERN US
etc.
1/ Greenwich Mean Time (ZULU)
FIGURE 4. —DF message format.
Use and Limitations of Fallout Forecasts Preparing Fallout Forecasts Using DF Data
Errors are to be expected in forecasts of fallout de- Fallout wind vector data will be used in two ways:
posit. There are not good wind data, available on a to assist in analysis of attack effects over broad areas,
current basis, for fallout particles carried to altituies such as a large State, a FEMA Region, or the Nation;
above the 100 mb level. As they fall back to the 50- or and to forecast at State -Area level, those areas likely
60-thousand-foot level, particles carried to levels to receive fallout, and the exepcted time of arrival.
higher than that are acted upon by wind layers that Forecasts for Large Areas (Several States). —As an
are not well defined. Variations in wind direction and aid for attack analysis, a streamline analysis is pre -
speed from level to level and vertical air movement, pared. For the area of concern, DF vector indicators
i.e., turbulance, tend to spread or diffuse fallout from are plotted at each DF data point. An arrow about an
-the nuclear cloud. inch long with its head pointed in the direction of the
The location of a nuclear detonation (GZ) may not wind flow is centered on the data point, and the code
be well defined. Weapon yields affect the height of the for the three -hour wind distance is noted at the arrow -
cloud stabilization, which in turn determines which head. This avoids plotting long, unwieldy vectors. A
wind layers act on the fallout. The weapon yield and series of smoothed lines is then drawn to show the cur -
height of the tropopause affect the diameter of the nu- vature of the wind streams that are moving across the
clear cloud at stabilization (maxinium %height), and area. The streamlines do not pass through the data
the diameter of the cloud, in turn, affects the width of points except by chance. Figure 5 is an example of
the fallout pattern. such a DF data plot and streamline analysis.
The area forecasts, prepared from the DF wind vec- The U.S. Weather Bureau issues —and periodically
tors, do not indicate the relative degrees of hazard, updates —a defense operations manual for the use of
and should be used primarily to determine the likeli- its personnel in support of emergency operations. In
hood of fallout occurrence and its approximate arrival most States and many localities, it should be feasible
time. This information might be of value to industry to arrange for professional meteorologists to provide
in more effectively planning and scheduling its shut- general weather service support for civil defense oper-
ations, including fallout streamline analyses, during an
down procedures. Also, it may be of value to a com-
munity in implementing plans for movement of its emergency.
people to fallout shelter; to individuals in the improvi- For States and State-Areas.—The DF data are used
sation of fallout shelter; and to farmers in getting for preparation of initial fallout forecasts for States
livestock under cover. However, after fallout has ar- and State -Areas and for some local jurisdictions. The
rived at a location, survival and recovery operations responsibility for forecasting fallout, and warning ju-
will be based upon dose rate reports from Weapons risdictions likely to be affected, is usually assigned to
Effects Reporting Stations and other radiological: moni- the State or State-Area EOC. Any jurisdictions expect -
tors. ing to prepare their own forecasts should arrange for
9
dir 06 / 17�
\ f T
/ 'ND refer L
MKC F
15 STL 9 it," 411. , 20 s.,
06 �� OU * i `oo �CR W 18 ,�
1 SGF .°V ' ` +` RIC f,�
13
/
/ "\ 16 19
gNq / RDu
1 LIT MEM 16 17
`~ 14 Wv. ILM�
/
IrAE/
8H 1 18 r 19
r ATL
SHV
' -►13 J
Fteuae 5.— Example streamline analysis.
receipt of U.S. Weather Bureau DF reports on a rou- typewriter correction tape applied along the edges and
tine basis, and should practice the procedures fre- mid -line of the template.
quently. Arrangements must also be made to receive Figure 7 illustrates the use of a template constructed
reports of NUDET locations. of transparent plastic.
A map, provided with overlays, and of a scale to -
permit plotting the progress of fallout as reports are I Initial Fallout Forecast Plotting Procedures
received from monitoring stations should be used. The (steps 1-8) t
map should cover areas surrounding NUDET loca• 1. For an assumed or actual NUDET time, select the
tions to a distance of about 500 miles. A scale of DF data valid for that time.
1:1,000,000 (16 miles per inch) is suitable, but map 2. Plot the DF vectors (distance to map scale in the
scale is not critical. indicated direction) at the DF points in the area
Figure 6 illustrates a fallout forecast template which of interest. (NOTE: Detailed plotting procedures
may be used to simplify the task of plotting areas are presented in FEMA courses of instruction for
likely to be affected by fallout. The scale is such that radiological defense personnel.
the circle around the point of detonation (GZ) is
bout the size of the nuclear cloud from a ,9( MT 3. Plot the location of the assumed or actual NUDET
weapon at the time of stabilization —about 10 minutes on the map.
after the detonation. Its radius represents 15 miles on 4. If the NUDET location is a DF data point, the
the scale of the map with which it is used in this ex. plotted Weather Bureau DF vector is used directly.
...mu t& The scale of the center line "KL" is also the If not, a new vector is constructed at the NUDET
same as the scale of the map. The sides of the template location. In length and direction it should fit into
(AE and FJ) make 20° angles with the direction of the wind pattern indicated by nearby DF vectors.
line KL. The broken lines and marked angles need not This is illustrated in an example streamline anal)
appear on the finished template. They are included for sis based on DF data for Lexington, Kentucky, in
assistance in constructing it. The scales are marked on Figure 5. For nearby locations the directions of
10
E
D
c
B
A
20
\ `\
-I__ K 1 1 t 1 1 L I
20 40 MILES d0 80 100
15 mi /
20
F
(NOTE: A similar template G
may be constructed from moderately H
heavy plastic. Scale of template and
map used must be the same.)
Ficuaz 6.— Fallout forecast template.
the DF vectors are nearly the same, but note that under the DF distance on the center scale, lift the
speeds increase with distance to the southeast from template, mark the point, and draw in the three -
data location "LOU." The speed at Lexington is es- hour "isochrone" (same time for fallout arrival).
timated to be "11" (110 mi. in three hours). For a The above procedure is illustrated in Figure 7. It
location in north - central Arkansas, the direction of was assumed, from DF data, that the fa11iut wind vec-
DF vectors at nearby Springfield (SGF), Little tor for Roanoke was 80° from true north, and the
Rock (LIT) , and Memphis (MEM) varies more three -hour distance, 90 miles. The fallout vector was
than the speed, and adjustment would be needed, drawn from Roanoke (GZ), and the template posi-
as indicated in step 8, below. tioned as shown. Note that the "90" mark on the tem-
5. Apply the template to the map with the center of plate scale lies 90 miles beyond the leading edge of the
the cloud stabilization circle at GZ, and the center stabilized nuclear cloud, and extends beyond the fall -
scale along the DF vector. Locate the DF three- out vector which is measured from GZ.
hour distance on the center scale and mark corre- Distances corresponding to the 90 -mile scale loca-
sponding points at the sides of the template. Start- tion were laid off at the two sides of the template, and
ing at one of these points, draw a line along the a line drawn from one point to the other around the
edge of the template, around the rounded end, to rounded end. The point on the map under scale point
the other point marked. Note the point on the map 90 was noted and marked and the three -hour "iso-
11
w
u
IPIIIIIhk ..
Staunton '• •
Chartotter/1H
Hot Spring
Y
r ap' ` Scottsville
Lexington ,
„Itie VI \ 41 \
1 �� % DJIWyn % w A All
Lynchburg 1 . 6Q., I
, kS r l
4C :?a •.
• .2 r 1 Appomattox
( Amelia 1.�p;; L y "�� Farmville
1
4i I l
•
,.,. 5
, , "tr's....,.....,... /
IN f f
f 1
f / 1
,,,,,, .., ,,, . / f Blackstone
AL
FIGURE 7. —Using a fallout forecast template.
chrone" drawn. In one hour the spread of fallout 8. Where DF vectors at nearby data points indicate a
would be one-third of 90, or 30 miles, and the spread material change in direction of the windstream, the
in two hours, 60 miles. The one- and two -};our iso- fallout area forecast should be modified to fit a
chrones were drawn by the same method used for the streamline plot. For example; in Figure 5, the path
three -hour line. of fallout from a detonation at Springfield, Mis-
6. Fallout arrival time for a given location is esti- souri, would be expected to swing to the east
mated from the map, with the use of the plotting rather than continue to move south, as indicated
template, centered on GZ. The expected speed of by the broken -line 3 -hour vector plot from SGF.
progress of fallout is determined by dividing the
DF vector by three, as illustrated in 5 above. In Update Fallout Warnings
the example (Figure 7), fallout would be expected These updated forecasts and associated warnings
at Lynchburg in about one hour; at Appomattox are based on radiological monitoring reports and are
in a little over one and one -half hours; at Scotts- not as dependent upon the less reliable input data
ville, Dillwyn, and Farmville in about two and available for making the initial forecast. The proce-
one -half hours, and at Charlottesville in a little less dures for preparing update forecasts and warnings fol-
than three hours. low. The plotting template (Figure 6) will be of value
7. The format for Initial Fallout Warnings and Up- in carrying out the procedures.
date Fallout Warnings is provided in the Federal As the fallout cloud develops and travels downwind,
Civil Defense Guide, Part E, Chapter 2, Appendix the incoming fallout reports from Weapons Effects Re-
3 porting Stations provide a basis for modifying and
12
amplifying the Initial Fallout Warning. If there are no Warning procedures, and adjust the original
reports of significant fallout radiation in the expected forecast as necessary.
area within one hour of a detonation, it must have b. Ohserve the location of stations reporting fall -
been an air burst, and the initial warning should be out arrival at points along the lateral edges of
cancelled. If the Initial Fallout Warning did not accur- the fallout pattern. Ask other nearby stations,
ately forecast the direction of fallout movement, a can• as necessary, to define clearly the lateral edges
cellation of the initial warning is issued to those local of the fallout pattern. Compare the results with
governments no longer considered in the path of fall- the initial estimate of the lateral edges as devel-
out, and other local governments are warned as ap- oped in Step (5) of the procedure for Initial
propriate. Fallout Warning, above, and modify the initial
Similarly, if the forecast of time of fallout arrival forecast of direction and lateral dispersion as
was significantly in error, a revised set of forecast at-- appropriate.
rival times is developed. In addition, estimates of the c. Observe the direction of the apparent hot line
probable severity of fallout radiation; i.e., whether or (center of heavy fallout area) and the width of
not meter readings in excess of 50 R /hr can be ex- the area with reported radiation intensities
pected. is included in the Update Fallout Warning above 50 R /hr. From Table 2, determine the
message. If the Update Fallout Warning includes lo-
.probable limit of the downwind distance at
calities outside the State -Area developing the message, which dose rates of 50 R /hr or greater can be
the Update Fallout Warning is also transmitted to the expected.
State EOC for relay to potentially affected downwind d. From Table 3 determine the probable limit of
State -Areas and States as a basis for the warning of the distance downwind at which dose rates of
local governments within their jurisdictions. 0.5 R /hr can be expected.
The plotting of (1) locations and times of "50 R/hr 3. Based on the effective wind speed and geographical
limits of dose rates of 0.5 R /hr and 50 R /hr devel-
and Rising" reports and (2) Peak Dose Rate (above oped above, compose and dispatch the Update Fall -
50 R/hr) reports provide a basis for forecasting more out Warning to local governments in your area
precisely where there is likely to be severe fallout ra- (and to the State EOC for local governments out -
diation. The plotted points of fallout arrival will indi• side your area) where fallout can be expected, in-
case the rate of speed and lateral spread of the fallout dicating to each whether or not dose rates over 50
cloud, while the plotted locations of severe fallout per-
R/hr are to be expected. Also notify any local gov•
mit the projection of the area of heavy fallout yet to
OMIT. TABLE 2. Maximum downwind extent o/ 50
R /hr intensity
Procedures for Preparing Update Fallout (la statute miles)
Warnings: R'eepo°
1. Continue to plot and log reports of (II fallout ar- Road I1eld 1 MT 3 MT 10 MT 30 MT
rival (0.5 R /hr), (2) dose rate increase above 50 speed
Mlles
R/hr, and (3) peak dose rates (above 50 R /hr) in per Distance Distance Dimttce Distance
Itour (mile.) (miles) (miles) (mile.)
R /hr.
2. Observe and analyze the progress and dispersion 10 50 70 110 140
20 90 130 200 275
of the fallout cloud as reflected in the plotted fall-
30 130 185 275 400
out reports from the Weapons Effects Reporting
Stations, as follows: TABLE 3.— Maximum downwind extent o/ .05
a. Near the mid -line of the developing fallout R /hr intensity
area, determine the elapsed time between fall- (le statute mile.)
out arrival at two selected locations by sub- wearoo
tracting the first arrival time from the second; Rind yield 1 MT 3 MT 10 MT w MT
measure the distance between the selected loca- speed
Miles
tions: and divide that distance by the time (in net Distance Distance Dimnee Distance
hour (miles) (miles) (miles) (miles)
hours) to determine approximate effective
wind speed. Compare the results with the initial 10 120 165 230 300
20 225 310 430 575
estimate of effective wind speed as determined 30 325 430 430
1 830
in Steps (5) and (6) of the Initial Fallout —
13
Annex D: Appendix 3
TEXAS RADEF REPORTING
I. TASK
The RDO is responsible for establishing and implementing the procedures in
this Appendix.
II. OPERATING PROCEDURES
A. Facilities to be used as Reporting Stations should have a PF of 40 or
upgradeable. Guidelines in CPG 1 -30 pages 2 -65 thru 2 -82 can be
utilized. Public shelters should be used as Reporting Stations to the
maximum extent possible.
B. The "Local Radiation Report" form (See Attachment) will be utilized by
shelters, EOCs, Emergency Operating Locations, and RMs.
C. A NUDET report MUST be sent giving direction, in terms of the 16
points of the compass, and miles away from the reporting location.
D. Radiation Level and Status Reports:
1. Report initital fallout when the outside radiation exposure
rate reaches or exceeds .5 Roentgens per hour (R /hr).
2. Ongoing fallout reports should be made when outside exposure rate
rises or falls for each 50 R /hr. increase or decrease.
3. Report peak outside exposure rate.
4. Serious damage information should be reported as soon as
practicable to next higher EOC.
5. Operational Situation Status should be reported when a major
problem arises. (such as)
a. If a county or municipal government is not functioning or
destroyed, report.
b. If a serious health hazard exists, exclude radiation
sickness, report.
c. If critical facilities vital to national survival and
recovery have been badly damaged, report.
d. If critical shortages of survival resources are imminent,
report.
E. The State EOC shall make NUDET summaries and fallout forecast reports
thru channels to local jurisdictions and to FEMA as required by
CPG -2 -10 series.
Attachment #3
Annex D: Appendix 3
Local Radiation Report
Reporting Location
Address Phone No.
Radio Frequency
(County /City) 41 RADEF Report No.
REPORT RADEF INFO TYPE OF REPORT
1.. NUDET: a. SURFACE
PRIMARY
Type Nuclear Burst b. AIR
EOC Phone Number
Radio Frequency c. UNKNOWN
SECONDARY 2. DAMAGE: yes or no
Phone Number 3. NUDET LOCATION:
Radio Frequency a.
Radio Frequency (compass direction)
b.
COUNTY (only) EOC REPORT TO (miles away)
c.
Texas Department of Highways and (observer's location)
Public Transportation (TDHPT)
Address 4. RADIATION READINGS: DATE /TIME
Phone Number a. R /hr b.
Radio Frequency c. R /hr d.
PEACETIME RADIOLOGICAL INCIDENTS
REPORT TO REPORT INFORMATION
DPS Disaster District at: 1. Radiation Incident (time /date):
2. Type of radioactive material involved (if
known)
Address:
Phone Number: 3. Incident Location
Radio Frequency:
SITUATION COMMENTS:
Reported by:
(date) (time)
D -A3 (2)
CRITIQUE RESPONSE FORM
1. Information Flow Yes No Comment
a. Did you receive the DF data
prior to 8:30 a.m.?
b. Did you receive the NUDET Summary
report prior to 9:30 a.m.?
c. How many projected fallout
forecast messages did you receive?
2. Did you experience any communcation problems?
3. Were your RADEF, shelter, and EOC staffs adequate?
4. If needed, did you receive support from your
a. Disaster District headquarters?
b. State EOC?
c. State Agencies
d. "Risk" area RADEF Staff
e. RACES Network
5. Did you have on hand adequate information
to solve your RADEF problems?
6. Did your attendance at the RDO Refresher
Seminar and Exercise briefing equip you for
this exercise?
Comments:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Please fill our immediately at exercise termination and forward to:
Texas Department of Health
1100 West 1 49th Street
Austin, Texas 78756 -3199
Attention: Ted Chinn, RADEF Officer
Attachment #4
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Contact: Laureen T. Chernow
(512) 465 -2138
A radiological fallout exercise will be conducted June 27, 1984, throughout
the state of Texas.
The Texas Department of Health, Governor's Division of Emergency Manage-
ment, Texas Department of Public Safety, and State Department of Highways and
Public Transportation will work together with local emergency management coordi-
nators in this National Defense Exercise.
The exercise will allow local coordinators the opportunity to test their
equipment and capabilities for reporting fallout problems and solutions from
local areas to district, state and federal operating centers, according to
Robert Lansford, state coordinator for the Division of Emergency Management.
In fulfilling Texas' role in the National Defense and Preparedness Program
over the last two decades, the State Health Department has positioned monitoring
sets statewide and conducted extensive radiological training programs. Local
volunteers have been trained to advise citizens on when and how to take shelter.
In the test, a nuclear detonation is simulated and emergency operating
centers are activated in counties and cities. Radioactive fallout is predicted
and plotted based on wind speed and direction, and nuclear preparedness plans
for each area's population are reviewed.
To maintain a complete network for the state, thirty -six (36) specialists
from the State Department of Health and fifty (50) state highway engineers have
been trained as Radiological Defense Officers.
The State Highway Department and the Department of Public Safety's communi-
cations systems will be used as the network for reporting. Four days of work
will be simulated in one day. The exercise will begin at 8:00 a.m. and conclude
at 4:00 p.m.
Coordination for this exercise will be provided by state agency representa-
tives from the underground Emergency Operating Center at the Department of
Public Safety headquarters in Austin.
-30-
Attachment #5
v • • ` • a III • • LAY LEAGUE
RADIOGRAM -
VIA AMA TEUF7 H
NUMBER PREKENCE HX N ATI S E 7 OF�IGIN 4HECK e i#1 ��
� LACE OF ORIGIN o c i z re d 12 r 3kpe DATE
To q_ d L A' TI 2 THIS RADIO MESSAGE WAS RECEIVED AT
AMATEUR STATION PHONE
NAME
STREET ADDRESS .
CITY AND STATE
TELEPHONE NUMBER
EX`(2C1S Z. • rS2t'A..1 N-cp ?T A-A-7A
47 ) r. coo
RA o �rG o r - 12-1 k
P}- V 11 c) O 2A- o, #.4 c. a ► S 1 S P.-/ P• r
Pr S 0.4.-h « (Z M A r»../ S N ti.C7 A-ta • VC 2-C4 s t , •
CI} ft ( t,} 0,o,L1S
FROM DATE TIME TO DATE TIME
REC'D SENT toS 31tal 1 . Z 7 0 (07 Cd
THIS MESSAGE WAS HANDLED FREE OF CHARGE BY A LICENSED AMATEUR RADIO THE AMERICAN RADIO RELAY LEAGUE. INC. . IS THE NATIONAL MEMBERSHIP
OPERATOR. WHOSE ADDRESS IS SHOWN IN THE BOX AT RIGHT ABOVE. AS SUCH SOCIETY OF LICENSED RADIO AMATEURS AND THE PUBLISHER OF QST MAGA-
MESSAGES ARE HANDLED SOLELY FOR THE PLEASURE OF OPERATING. NO COM- ZINE. ONE OF ITS FUNCTIONS IS PROMOTION OF PUBLIC SERVICE COMMUNICA-
PENSATION CAN BE ACCEPTED BY A "HAM" OPERATOR. A RETURN MESSAGE TIONS AMONG AMATEUR OPERATORS. TO THAT END, THE LEAGUE HAS ORGAN -
MAY BE FILED WITH THE "HAM" DELIVERING THIS MESSAGE TO YOU. FURTHER IZED THE NATIONAL TRAFFIC SYSTEM FOR DAILY NATION -WIDE MESSAGE HAN-
INFORMATION ON AMATEUR RADIO MAY BE OBTAINED FROM A.R. R.L. HEAD- DLING.
QUARTERS, 225 MAIN STREET, NEWINGTON, CONN. 06111 PRINTED IN U. 5. A.
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