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Home My WebLink AboutQuimby-McCoy Final Report 100108 City of College Station Historic Resources Windshield Survey of the Eastgate and Southside Neighborhoods QMC Project Number 2008-01 September 2008 CITY OF COLLEGE STATION HISTORIC RESOURCES WINDSHIELD SURVEY OF THE EASTGATE AND SOUTH SIDE NEIGHBORHOODS Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP 3200 Main Street #3.6 Dallas, Texas 75226 Sherry N. DeFreece Emery David G. Woodcock, FAIA, FSA, FAPT Preservation Consultant Principal in Charge: Nancy McCoy, AIA Prepared for The City of College Station 1101 Texas Avenue College Station, Texas 77842 Contract Number 07-89 QMc Project Number 2008-01 September 2008 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side ii ABSTRACT In November 2007, Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP (QMc) was contracted to provide comments on a draft historic preservation overlay ordinance and to perform a windshield level survey of historic architectural resources within two neighborhoods in the city of College Station, Texas. During the survey the areas generally known as the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods were recorded. The goal of the project was to record buildings and site features dating to 1970 and earlier within these two neighborhoods in order to develop a comprehensive list of all of the resources and their attributes. This survey is intended to be used by the city of College Station to consider historic neighborhoods in the comprehensive development process, and provide a draft of potential historic district boundaries that can be used to proceed into further discussions of developing historic districts. In the Eastgate neighborhood, 838 parcels were identified as being within the survey boundaries identified by the city. Of these parcels, 762 contained structures or site features, and 76 parcels were vacant. Of the non-vacant parcels, 560 contained buildings dating to 1970 or earlier; and 194 contained buildings that post-dated 1970, and were identified but not fully surveyed; six parcels contained buildings that did not have an identifiable construction date. Four potential historic districts and two potential individual landmarks were identified in the Eastside neighborhood. In the South Side neighborhood, 1114 parcels were identified within the survey boundaries identified by the city. Of these parcels, 1055 contained structures or site features and 59 parcels were vacant. Of the non-vacant parcels, 809 contained buildings dating to 1970 or earlier; and 244 contained buildings that post-dated 1970 and were not fully surveyed. Eight potential historic districts and 27 potential individual landmarks were identified in the South Side neighborhood. The potential historic districts identified in this report are suggestions that are made by the researchers and surveyors, and are based on archival research, neighborhood input, information gathered from the Brazos CAD and provided by the city of College Station, and the results of the field survey. The districts suggested here and their boundaries are not meant to be a final representation of the potential districts in the survey areas. Additional study will be needed to undertake final determinations of eligibility, and to determine the extent of the boundaries, contributing and non-contributing properties, and establish final designation criteria. The additional work necessary is further discussed in the Future Work section of this Chapter VI. It should also be noted that additional buildings over those identified by this preliminary study may qualify as individual landmarks based on their association with important individuals, significant historic events, their design, or for their cultural significance to the city of College Station. Further research into individual properties as well as additional oral histories with individuals with knowledge of specific properties may reveal significance that was not discovered within the scope of the current study. Particular attention should be given to areas where integrity of individual buildings and subdivisions has been compromised, but where buildings may be associated with significant individuals, events, or cultures. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side iii ACKNOWEDGEMENTS The project team is grateful for the input of the community during the oral history phase of this project and for all those who attended our neighborhood meetings. We would also like to thank the staff of the CRS Center for Leadership and Management at Texas A&M University during the research phase of the project. Special thanks are given to the City of College Station Planning Department and GIS staff, who provided helpful assistance throughout this effort, and provided the GIS maps used throughout the project and in this report. Historical images featured in Chapter 3 are used courtesy of the Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. Plat maps shown in Appendix B were obtained from the Texas General Land Office Land Grant Database, the Brazos County Clerk office, and the City of College Station Project HOLD online collection. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side iv TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT........................................................................................................ .................................................................ii ACKNOWEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................... ............................iii TABLE OF CONTENTS.................................................................................................................................................iv LIST OF FIGURES.............................................................................................................................................................vi LIST OF TABLES.............................................................................................................................................................viii CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION........ .......................................................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER II. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS........................................ ................................................................... 6 Research Objectives ............................................................................................................. .......................................6 Archival Materials Research Methods ......................................................................................................................6 Oral History Methods.................................................................................................................................................7 Field Methods................... .............................................................................................................................................7 Method for Developing Preliminary Boundaries ...................................................................................................8 CHAPTER III. HISTORIC CONTEXT..................................................................... ................................................... 9 Brazos County and College Station................................................................................................................ .........9 City History...................................................................................................................................................................9 The Growth of the College ................................................................................................................................12 Eastgate ................................. ...................................................................................................................................19 South Side....................................................... .........................................................................................................19 Conclusion ................................................................................ ...................................................................................21 CHAPTER IV. NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTIONS............................................................................ ................22 Introduction.................................................................................................................................................................22 Eastgate.........................................................................................................................................................................22 South Side ....................................................................................................................................................................24 Common Architectural Styles and Forms.............................................................................................................25 Residential Styles .................................................... ...............................................................................................25 Folk (after 1850-1890)............................................................................... ......................................................25 Vernacular (all time periods)................................................................................................................. .........26 Victorian Period (ca. 1870-1910)...................................................................................................................26 Eclectic Period (1880-1940) ............................................................................................................................26 Colonial Revival (1880-1955) ........................................... ..........................................................................30 Tudor Revival (1890-1940) ................................................................................................ .........................30 Craftsman (1905-1930)...............................................................................................................................30 Neoclassical Greek Revival (1895-1950) .................................................................................................33 Modern Period ........................................................... .......................................................................................33 Minimal Traditional (ca. 1935-1950) ......................................................................... ................................36 Ranch (1945-1980s) .....................................................................................................................................36 Minimal Ranch...........................................................................................................................................38 Traditional Ranch........................... ..........................................................................................................38 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Table of Contents v Massed Ranch .................................................................................................... .......................................38 Bi-level (1950-present)................................................................................................................................38 Contemporary Period......................................................................................................................................42 Populist Modern (ca. 1950-1980) ..............................................................................................................42 Builder Modern (1965-present)......................................................... ........................................................42 High-style Modern (1950-1980)............................................................................................................... ..44 Neo-eclectic (1965-present).......................................................................................................................44 Commercial and Institutional Buildings ........................................................................................................48 Commercial and Institutional Building Forms ...................................... .......................................................48 One-part Commercial Block ................................................................................................................... ...51 Pre-engineered..............................................................................................................................................51 Shotgun .......................... .................................................................................................................................51 Commercial and Institutional Building Styles ...................... ........................................................................51 Eclectic Period............................................................................................................. ..................................51 Modern Period..............................................................................................................................................52 Contemporary Period .................................................................................................................................52 CHAPTER V. RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS....... ....................................................................................53 Eastgate........................................................................................................ .................................................................53 D. A. Smith........................................................................................................................ ......................................56 College View.................................................................................................................................................. .........56 College Hills............................................................................................................................................................56 College Hills Woodlands.....................................................................................................................................57 South Side ............................. .......................................................................................................................................57 College Park................................................. ...........................................................................................................58 Oakwood.................................................................................. ...............................................................................58 Westpark............................................................................................................. ....................................................58 Holik’s and Leacrest............................................................................................................................ ..................59 Southeast College Park ........................................................................................................................................59 Woodson Village ...................................................................................................................................................59 The Knoll........................ .........................................................................................................................................60 South Knoll ............................................... ..............................................................................................................60 CHAPTER VI. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK................................................... ............................................61 Future Work ............................................................................................................................................ ...................63 REFERENCES CITED.....................................................................................................................................................65 APPENDIX A: MAPS AND CHARTS SHOWING SURVEY AREAS AND RESULTS................................A-1 APPENDIX B: NEIGHBORHOOD ADDITION PLATS ............................................................... ...................... B-1 APPENDIX C: ORAL HISTORY MEETING AGENDAS AND NOTES......................................................... C-1 APPENDIX D: SAMPLE SURVEY FORMS............................. ................................................................................. D-1 APPENDIX E: SURVEY DATA AND SPREADSHEET KEY...................................................................... ........ D-1 Survey Spreadsheet Key ...................................................................................................................................D-2 APPENDIX F: PHOTOGRAPHS ............................................................................................................................. E-1 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side vi LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. The project survey areas within the city of College Station. ........................................... ............ 3 Figure 2. The limits of the Eastgate survey area. .............................................................................................. 4 Figure 3. The limits of the South Side survey area........................................................................................... 5 Figure 4. Old Main shortly after construction............................... .................................................................. 10 Figure 5a. The College Station railroad depot. .................................................................................. ............. 11 Figure 5b. An early photograph of the Northgate commercial district .................................................... 11 Figure 6a. Houses built for faculty, known as “Quality Row.” .................................................................... 13 Figure 6b. A 1917 aerial photograph showing the A&M campus................................................... ............. 13 Figure 7a. The System Administration Building, shortly after construction............................................. 15 Figure 7b. Faculty houses on campus in the 1930s. ....................................................................................... 15 Figure 8. The Northgate commercial area in the 1940s................................................. .............................. 17 Figure 9a. The Eastgate commercial district in the 1940s. ........................................................................... 18 Figure 9b. The South Side commercial district in the 1940s. ...................................................................... 18 Figure 10a. A folk style house in the Eastgate neighborhood................. ..................................................... 27 Figure 10b. A folk style house in the South Side neighborhood................................................................. 27 Figure 11a. A vernacular style house in the Eastgate neighborhood. ........................................................ 28 Figure 11b. A vernacular style house in the South Side neighborhood. ................................................... 28 Figure 12a. A Folk Victorian style house in the Eastgate neighborhood................................................... 29 Figure 12b. A Folk Victorian style house in the South Side neighborhood.............................................. 29 Figure 13a. A Colonial Revival style house in the Eastgate neighborhood............................................... 31 Figure 13b. A Colonial Revival style house in the South Side neighborhood. ......................................... 31 Figure 14a. A Tudor Revival style house in the Eastgate neighborhood................................................... 32 Figure 14b. A Tudor Revival style house in the South Side neighborhood...... ........................................ 32 Figure 15a. A Craftsman style house in the Eastgate neighborhood. ........................................................ 34 Figure 15b. A Craftsman style house in the South Side neighborhood..................................................... 34 Figure 16. A Greek Revival style house in the Eastgate neighborhood..................... ................................ 35 Figure 17a. A Minimal Traditional style house in the Eastgate neighborhood......................................... 37 Figure 17b. A Minimal Traditional style house in the South Side neighborhood. ................................... 37 Figure 18a. A Minimal Ranch style house in the Eastgate neighborhood................................................ .. 39 Figure 18b. A Minimal Ranch style house in the South Side neighborhood............................................. 39 Figure 19a. A Traditional Ranch style house in the Eastgate neighborhood............................................ 40 Figure 19b. A Traditional Ranch style house in the South Side neighborhood. ...................................... 40 Figure 20a. A Massed Ranch style house in the Eastgate neighborhood. ................................................. 41 Figure 20b. A Massed Ranch style house in the South Side neighborhood............... ............................... 41 Figure 21a. A Populist Modern style building in the Eastgate neighborhood........................................... 43 Figure 21b. A Populist Modern style house in the South Side neighborhood. ........................................ 43 Figure 22a. A Builder Modern style house in the Eastgate neighborhood. ........................................ ...... 45 Figure 22b. A Builder Modern style house in the South Side neighborhood........................................... 45 Figure 23a. A High-style Modern house in the Eastgate neighborhood.................................................... 46 Figure 23b. A High-style Modern house in the South Side neighborhood. .............................................. 46 Figure 24a. A Neo-eclectic style house in the Eastgate neighborhood..................................................... 47 Figure 24b. A Neo-colonial style house in the Eastgate neighborhood. ................................................... 47 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side List of Figures vii Figure 25a. A commercial building in the Eastgate neighborhood................................................... ........... 49 Figure 25b. A commercial building in the South Side neighborhood......................................................... 49 Figure 26a. An institutional building in the Eastgate neighborhood. .......................................................... 50 Figure 26b. An institutional building in the South Side neighborhood. ............................................ ......... 50 Figure 27. Potential historic districts in Eastgate. ........................................................................................... 54 Figure 28. Potential historic districts in South Side........................................................................................ 55 Appendix A, Exhibit 1. Houses moved from TAMU in Eastgate. .............................................................A-2 Appendix A, Exhibit 2. Houses moved from TAMU in South Side..........................................................A-3 Appendix A, Exhibit 3. Buildings built between 1901 and 1920 in Eastgate...........................................A-4 Appendix A, Exhibit 4. Buildings built between 1901 and 1930 in Eastgate...........................................A-5 Appendix A, Exhibit 5. Buildings built between 1901 and 1940 in Eastgate...........................................A-6 Appendix A, Exhibit 6. Buildings built between 1901 and 1950 in Eastgate...........................................A-7 Appendix A, Exhibit 7. Buildings built between 1901 and 1960 in Eastgate................. ..........................A-8 Appendix A, Exhibit 8. Buildings built between 1901 and 1970 in Eastgate...........................................A-9 Appendix A, Exhibit 9. Buildings built between 1901 and 2008 in Eastgate.........................................A-10 Appendix A, Exhibit 10. Buildings built between 1881 and 1890 in South Side..................................A-11 Appendix A, Exhibit 11. Buildings built between 1881 and 1900 in South Side..................................A-12 Appendix A, Exhibit 12. Buildings built between 1881 and 1910 in South Side..................................A-13 Appendix A, Exhibit 13. Buildings built between 1881 and 1920 in South Side..................................A-14 Appendix A, Exhibit 14. Buildings built between 1881 and 1930 in South Side..................................A-15 Appendix A, Exhibit 15. Buildings built between 1881 and 1940 in South Side..................................A-16 Appendix A, Exhibit 16. Buildings built between 1881 and 1950 in South Side..................................A-17 Appendix A, Exhibit 17. Buildings built between 1881 and 1960 in South Side..................................A-18 Appendix A, Exhibit 18. Buildings built between 1881 and 1970 in South Side..................................A-19 Appendix A, Exhibit 19. Buildings built between 1881 and 2008 in South Side..................................A-20 Appendix A, Exhibit 20. Vacant lots and post-1970s construction in Eastgate...................................A-21 Appendix A, Exhibit 21. Ratio of pre-and post-1970s buildings in Eastgate. ......................................A-22 Appendix A, Exhibit 22. Construction dates in Eastgate. ......................... ................................................A-23 Appendix A, Exhibit 23. Potential individual landmarks in Eastgate. ......................................................A-24 Appendix A, Exhibit 24. Stylistic periods in Eastgate.................................................................................A-25 Appendix A, Exhibit 25. Ratio of stylistic periods in Eastgate. ................................................................A-26 Appendix A, Exhibit 26. City markers in Eastgate........................................................................ ..............A-27 Appendix A, Exhibit 27. Ratio of owner-occupied buildings in Eastgate...............................................A-28 Appendix A, Exhibit 28. Vacant lots and post-1970s construction in South Side. .............................A-29 Appendix A, Exhibit 29. Construction dates in South Side......................................................................A-30 Appendix A, Exhibit 30. Ratio of pre-and post-1970s buildings in South Side...................................A-31 Appendix A, Exhibit 31. Potential individual landmarks in South Side................ ...................................A-32 Appendix A, Exhibit 32. Stylistic periods in South Side. ...........................................................................A-33 Appendix A, Exhibit 33. Ratio of stylistic periods in South Side d. ........................................................A-34 Appendix A, Exhibit 34. City markers in South Side. ........................... .....................................................A-35 Appendix A, Exhibit 35. Ratio of owner-occupied buildings in South Side. .........................................A-36 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side viii LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Subdivisions in the Eastgate Survey Area ............................................................... .......................... 22 Table 2. Subdivisions in the South Side Survey Area ..................................................................................... 24 Table 3. Potential Individual Landmarks............................................................................................................ 62 Appendix E, Table 1. Survey Spreadsheet Codes..........................................................................................E-2 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 1 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP (QMc) has been contracted to provide comments on a draft historic preservation overlay ordinance and to perform a windshield level survey of historic architectural resources within two neighborhoods in the city of College Station, Texas (Figure 1). This report presents the results of the windshield survey phase of the project. During the survey the areas generally known as the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods were recorded. Prior to the commencement of the project, the city determined the limits of the survey boundaries. These boundaries are shown in Figures 2 and 3. Within these two neighborhoods, the principal building (typically a residence or commercial building) was recorded, along with major site features, where applicable. The goal of the project was to record buildings and site features dating to 1970 and earlier within these two neighborhoods in order to develop a comprehensive list of all of the resources and their attributes. The 1970 cut-off date was chosen for two reasons. The first is due to the large number of parcels within each survey boundary, a priority was given to buildings that are or will soon fall into the 50-year old mark typically used to determine the eligibility of resources that can be considered “historic.” The second is because 1970 marked a turning point in the history of College Station. Chapter III provides more information on these events. Given the time frame in which the survey was to be undertaken, and the significance of the year 1970, the city and the project staff agreed to this cutoff time. This survey is intended to be used by the city of College Station to consider historic neighborhoods in the comprehensive development process, and provide a draft of potential historic district boundaries that can be used to proceed into further discussions of developing historic districts. Every attempt was made to develop these boundaries based on historic significance and integrity remaining within the neighborhoods. However, a more intensive survey beyond the windshield survey level will be necessary to finalize the boundaries. The project team consisted of Nancy McCoy, AIA, who acted as principal-in-charge of the project; the field survey was performed by Sherry N. DeFreece Emery, Boon Boling, Susan Bruns, and Nancy McCoy February through April 2008. Research was performed by Sherry N. DeFreece Emery. David G. Woodcock, FAIA, FSA, FAPT served as Preservation Consultant to Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP and developed the historic context section of the report. Research to develop the historic context and support the survey findings was undertaken at the following institutions: 􀁸 CRS Center for Leadership and Management, Texas A&M University 􀁸 Carnegie Library, Bryan, Texas 􀁸 City of College Station Planning & Development Services 􀁸 Brazos County Clerk 􀁸 City of College Station Project HOLD online database 􀁸 Cushing Library, Texas A&M, online photograph archive 􀁸 Brazos County Appraisal District (Brazos CAD) City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter I: Introduction 2 The information in this report is presented as follows. Chapter I introduces the project; the objectives and methods used to undertake the project are presented in Chapter II; the historic context of College Station and the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods is presented in Chapter III; Chapter IV gives a description of each neighborhood and the typical architectural styles found; Chapter V presents the results of the findings; and Chapter VI summarizes the results and provides recommendations for future work. Figure 1. The project survey limits within the city of College Station. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter I: Introduction 3 Figure 2. The limits of the Eastgate survey area. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter I: Introduction 4 Figure 3. The limits of the South Side survey area. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter I: Introduction 5 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 6 CHAPTER II. OBJECTIVES AND METHODS Research Objectives The objective of performing a windshield survey of the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods in the city of College Station was twofold: to create a current inventory of all buildings within the survey boundaries, and to provide data that will help the city to develop preliminary boundaries of potential historic districts. At the time that this project was undertaken, the city had no designated historic districts, but was in the process of enacting an enabling ordinance to allow for their creation. The windshield survey took into account the history of the city and the neighborhoods, important development trends, the historic integrity of individual buildings and neighborhoods as a whole in order to develop preliminary historic district boundaries for the city. It should be noted that all parcels, including those that contain buildings dating to after 1970 and vacant parcels, were recorded. The inclusion of these parcels in the survey provides the opportunity to determine the density of pre-1970s architecture and vacant lots, and the potential to utilize the data in the future as structures age and buildings are constructed on vacant lots. Archival Materials Research Methods The boundaries of historic districts are largely dependent not only on the physical appearance of the buildings, structures, and landscapes present, but on the historical significance of the area to be designated. Archival research was undertaken at the following institutions: 􀁸 CRS Center for Leadership and Management, Texas A&M University 􀁸 Carnegie Library, Bryan, Texas 􀁸 City of College Station Planning & Development Services 􀁸 Brazos County Clerk 􀁸 City of College Station Project HOLD online database 􀁸 Cushing Library, Texas A&M, online photograph archive At these repositories, the researchers gathered historic maps, photographs, manuscripts, plats, and other pertinent data. These materials helped in the development of the historic context for the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods, and also showed how the neighborhoods have changed over time. Research was also undertaken in the Texas Historic Sites Atlas (THSA), which revealed that no historic resources (including properties listed in the NRHP, State Archeological Landmarks, and Recorded Texas Historical Landmarks) have been previously identified within the survey boundaries. A local program administered by the city of College Station issues markers to recognize buildings, sites, persons, objects or events achieving local historical significance. This marker program does not play a regulatory role, however, and is primarily a tool for awareness and recognition. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter II: Objectives and Methods 7 Oral History Methods In addition to archival research, researchers also held oral history group interviews. One group interview, or “history charrette” was held for both the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods. The guest list for these interviews was comprised of individuals identified by the city of College Station as having knowledge of the history and development of each neighborhood, and included long-time residents, members of the Brazos County Historical Commission, local historians, members of the city’s Historic Preservation Committee, and members of neighborhood associations within the survey boundaries. At each meeting, the goal was to encourage the discussion of such items as important places, people, and events; social and religious institutions; neighborhood development and change; and other topics seen as important to community members. These interviews helped to develop the historic context of the neighborhood, gain feedback regarding what the community members identify as important, and identify important individual buildings or structures requiring extra attention during the field survey. The agenda and notes from each of these meetings are presented in Appendix C. Field Methods In order to create an inventory of structures and develop preliminary historic district boundaries, a windshield-level survey was undertaken within the survey boundaries set forth by the city at the beginning of the project. Maps of these boundaries are presented in Figures 2 and 3. The first step in the survey was to develop, with the city of College Station, as set of data that would be gathered in the field. This data set was designed to gather enough data to provide a general description of the location, use, ownership, style, condition, potential historical significance, and integrity of the structures and landscape features on each parcel. Once the data set was refined, two document types were created to capture the data for each parcel in the survey boundaries. The first of these was a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet for each neighborhood created to collect all data gathered from the Brazos CAD (provided by the city of College Station), data gathered in the field, as well as any pertinent data from the archival or oral history phases (see Appendix E for the completed spreadsheet). The second type consisted of field survey forms for residential buildings, commercial buildings, and landscape elements and objects. These were used to gather information during the field survey (see Appendix D for sample survey forms). The next step of the field survey was to prepare field forms. Using the Brazos CAD data provided by the city, a field form for each parcel was prepared in Microsoft Word format with data merged from the Excel spreadsheet. This provided surveyors initial data to begin the field survey effort, and included such information as: 􀁸 Brazos CAD identification number 􀁸 address 􀁸 city and county 􀁸 Brazos CAD construction date and modification date 􀁸 neighborhood 􀁸 building class 􀁸 whether or not a building was owner-occupied With the field forms for each parcel prepared, the surveyors began the field survey. The survey was performed between February and April, 2008 by an architectural historian and architect meeting the Secretary of the Interior’s professional qualifications, and two architecture interns. Large maps showing City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter II: Objectives and Methods 8 the parcel boundaries, Brazos CAD identification number, and address were utilized to locate each parcel. These maps were provided by the city of College Station and are located in Appendix A. Each street in the survey areas was traveled and a survey form completed for each parcel. In some cases, parcels had no buildings when the Brazos CAD indicated buildings present, or vice versa. As previously stated, vacant parcels and parcels with buildings dating past the 1970 cutoff date were also recorded, but the information gathered was minimal. Each primary building dating to 1970 or earlier was photographed using a digital camera with the date of the photograph stamped on each frame. A photo log was also maintained, which recorded each photograph. The photographs of each property are provided in Appendix F. The photographs are labeled by their address and Brazos CAD identification number. Once the field survey survey was complete, the data from the field forms was entered into the survey spreadsheet for each neighborhood. The spreadsheets for each neighborhood as well as a key to the fields used in the spreadsheets are provided in Appendix E. Method for Developing Preliminary Boundaries After the survey for each neighborhood was complete, the surveyors once again traveled the survey boundaries. Information such as the subdivision plat maps, construction dates, architectural styles, and integrity were used to develop the preliminary historic district boundaries for each neighborhood. These boundaries were refined with the input of the city of College Station. Maps of the proposed boundaries are presented in Chapter V. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 9 CHAPTER III. HISTORIC CONTEXT Brazos County and College Station Stephen F. Austin first moved Anglos into Texas in 1821, the year Robert Millican moved into the Brazos County area. Brazos County is situated on land originally part of Stephen F. Austin’s second colony (TSHA 2008). The Mexican government recognized the area as the Washington Municipality. Richard Carter settled land on Saline Creek (now Carter Creek) in 1831, and his land is now largely covered by College Station (see Appendix B for the R. Carter Survey). After Independence from Mexico in 1836 the area became Washington County. However, the area was large and the Brazos River proved an obstacle to effective government, so a new county, Navasota, was formed in 1841, with the first court meeting in the home of Joseph Ferguson. The first county seat was named Boonville, after Mordecai Boon, east of the present city of Bryan, and the county was renamed Brazos in January 1842. The The county was rural, but by 1856 boasted post offices in Millican and Boonville (Brundidge, 1986). The Houston and Texas Central Railroad (H & TC) had been moving north from Galveston and the new town of Houston, reaching Millican in 1860, where it stopped due to the outbreak of the Civil War. Even during the war there were those with vision for the future of the area, and William Joel Bryan sold 640 acres of land to A. Groesbeck and W. R. Baker to create a new township in the path of the railroad. The land was platted by railroad engineer Theodore Kosse in 1859. By 1866 the H & TC was again moving north, reaching the new town site in 1867, and extended to Dallas by 1872. The railroad town in Brazos County immediately became the county seat and was named for William Joel Bryan. Boonville was dismantled and abandoned, with only its cemetery surviving. By 1870, Brazos County had 9,205 inhabitants. The following three decades saw significant immigration from Central Europe and Italy, raising the population to to nearly 19,000 in 1900, with 3,598 living within the Bryan city limits. The vision to establish Bryan was matched by a vision to attract the state’s first public institution of higher learning to the county. Harvey Mitchell is credited with being the leader in the decision to grant 2,416 acres of land, much of it his own, where the state could found the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas. The grant was made on 21 June 1871, and the land was situated along the railroad tracks south of Bryan to ensure that the students would be separated from the “evil influences” of the city. City History After a difficult early building program Old Main (Figure 4) was completed in 1875, along with Steward Hall (later Gathright Hall), and a few houses for faculty. The A&M College of Texas opened its doors in 1876, and Henry Parsons was granted a post office the following year. It was housed in a building close to the railroad tracks, and was identified as the “College Station.” A railroad depot (Figure 5a) was constructed in 1883, and by 1884 the college community housed 350 people and two general stores. Faculty members generally lived on campus in housing provided by the College, though due to its scarcity some were forced to travel from Bryan (TSHA 2008). Student housing was a regular problem Figure 4. Old Main, shortly after completion. Source: Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 10 Figure 5. Early photographs of the College Station railroad depot (a) and the Northgate commercial district with gate posts to the college in the foreground (b). Source: Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 11 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 12 as the enrolment grew. The links to Bryan as the major town in the county were strengthened in 1910 by the completion of an interurban trolley, with the college terminus on Sulphur Springs Road (now University Drive) forming the basis for the first commercial development adjacent to the campus. It quickly assumed the name of its geographical relationship with the college, Northgate, with the gate posts to the college clearly shown in an early photograph (Figure 5b). The gasoline trolley was replaced by an electric trolley in 1915 and ran until the late 1930s. The Growth of the College The A&M College of Texas was established by the state legislature in 1881 under the provisions of the 1862 Morrill Land Grant College Act. It officially opened for classes on 4 October 1876 with six students, reaching an enrolment of 106 at the end of the first year. The curriculum focused on classical education in spite of the intentions of the Morrill Act to “advance the agricultural and mechanical arts,” largely because no faculty had the skills to teach the new subjects (Dethloff 1975). By 1879 the college had both financial and disciplinary difficulties, though President John G. James did initiate a technical curriculum and the campus grew to include woodwork and metal shops, and five brick houses for faculty, referred to as “The Line” and later as “Quality Row” (Figure 6a). The last of these brick houses was demolished in 1949 (van Riper 1984). In 1891 Governor Lawrence Sullivan Ross completed his term as Governor of the State of Texas and became President of the college, establishing a new start for the institution with new academic programs and with leadership development as a key part of the college mission. Student body growth led to more housing and further development at Northgate on land deeded by the college. A new Agriculture Building, several faculty homes, and a new dormitory were constructed in 1899. Enrollment for for the 1899-1900 school year was 443, with many students turned away due to lack of accommodation. By 1906-1918 many students were living in tents, in spite of a continuing building program for academic and student buildings. At the turn of the century agricultural and engineering research and extension programs were begun, and a Veterinary School was added in 1915. The 1916 National Defense Act authorized ROTC programs, and A&M accorded official status to the Corps of Cadets that had been established from the first years of the college. Membership in the Corps was mandatory for the all-male student body. By the 1919-20 school year the college had 1,902 students, with the YMCA as the social center of the college, a three-story hospital, Guion (assembly) Hall, and Bizzell Hall added to its inventory. Training for military officers included the new fields of auto and radio mechanics. A 1917 aerial photo (Figure 6b) shows a sprawling campus with a classical axial layout along a spine from the railroad depot to the newly constructed Academic Building (Barnes Gromatsky Kosarek Architects with Michael Dennis 2004). The college grew significantly after the end of WWI, and by 1920 there were 29 academic departments. Until 1931, many students lived in roughly-made square wooden structures, organized in military fashion, to the west of Main Drive. They had stoves for heating and separate communal bathrooms, and were known to the cadets, somewhat derisively, as “Hollywood Shacks.” The faculty and their families were largely housed in wood-framed single story structures with wood siding, developed on the east side of the Main Drive alongside the Drill Field. There were nearly 50 such houses by 1914, and the number grew to 110 by 1938 (van Riper 1984). In 1931 the Texas A&M System Administration Building was built east of the Agriculture Building to face the new Houston to Dallas highway on land deeded by the Board, a sign that transportation was moving Figure 6. Early photographs of faculty houses known as “Quality Row” (a) and a 1917 aerial photograph of the campus (b). Source: Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 13 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 14 from rail to road (Figure 7a). Highway 6, now Texas Avenue, was completed in 1936 and served to focus community growth to the east and south of the campus. During the 1930s the Board of Directors regularly discussed the need to move faculty off campus, to accommodate new academic and service buildings for a student population that grew from 3,000 in 1934 to 6,000 in 1938. In 1939 the decision was made that all houses were to be vacated or moved on or before by 1 September 1941, and that houses vacated before that date were not to be occupied or rerented. The residences occupied by the president, commandant, surgeon, and others required to live on campus, were excluded from this order (van Riper 1984). Paul van Riper’s 1984 study of campushousing indicates that 35 houses, a third of the total, were sold early at a price of $200.00 to $800.00, with another third being sold over the next twenty years. Some were moved to the university’s farm properties, and others were moved to the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods. Appendix A, Exhibits 1 and 2 show the houses moved from campus into these neighborhoods. Van Riper suggests the last sale was as late as 1972 (van Riper 1984). A photograph from this era shows some of the faculty housing on campus (Figure 7b). By 1939 Bryan had a population of 7,000 and felt able to provide service to college employees. The Bryan City Council discussed annexation of much of the land around the college, but state law limited the area that could be annexed in one year, so the action was limited to land just north of the Northgate commercial area, including a substantial part of the College Station Independent School District (Parks 1984). At the same time a number of residents south of campus met with the college’s Board of Directors on 4 March 1938 to explore the incorporation of “The City of College.” Having received support, and assurance of access to college utilities, a City Council election was held on 19 October and approved 217 – 39. The first Council members were all college faculty, and a citizen raised the question as to legality of this situation in reference to “holding more than one position of trust as an officer of the state.” The Attorney General did not rule on this until February of the following year, when it was held that a faculty member was not “an officer of the state.” (The same issue was raised in the 1970s as businessmen were concerned that faculty would not support commercial growth, a topic that was also raised in the 2008 Council elections.) The first City Council meeting was held in the Agriculture Building on campus on 15 February 1939. It was quickly decided to seek an off-campus location for the city offices and Council meetings, and by 18 May the city government was housed in a room over the Aggieland Studio on Northgate. The first years of the council’s work focused on securing city water, electricity and sewerage services, negotiating with the city of Bryan, the College, and serving the existing housing developments. The Council also found itself involved in the location of a new school for the College Station Independent School District (CSISD). The first school had been established on campus in 1920, supported by funds from the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 to assist in the training of agriculture teachers. With so few children on campus the decision was made to “consolidate” existing country schools outside the Bryan District. President Bizzell used $25,000 appropriated for a new President’s House to Figure 7. The System Administration Building shortly after construction (a) and a view of faculty houses on campus in the 1930s (b). Source: Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 15 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 16 build the new school that was located near the present Corps Dormitories (Brundidge 1975). The need for academic and student residences forced the CSISD to seek an off-campus location, and it settled on 15 acres on Jersey Street (now George Bush Drive) purchased from the Holik family, which had the advantage of being able to draw electrical supply from the Oakwood Subivision (Parks 1984). By the time the city was incorporated it was possible to identify three distinct districts surrounding the campus. The campus occupied a central position, with its historic western boundary of the railroad, and the old highway from Millican (no longer Highway 6) with campus farmland stretching for many acres to the west. These research farms were still much in evidence until the end of the 1960s, and precluded any city development in that direction. The three areas became known by their compass points in relation to the campus: Northgate, Eastgate, and South Side. By 1940 Northgate had become the largest commercial area in the new city. Established through land deeded in 1912, the strip along Sulphur Springs Road (now University Drive) and along Old College Road that led north toward Bryan, the area provided a butcher shop, shoe and boot repair and manufacture (for the signature cavalry boots worn by Seniors in the Corps of Cadets), a barber shop, photographic studio (with the City Office above), a dentist, hardware store, and the new A&M Methodist Church (Figure 8). Eastgate developed at the intersection of New Main Drive, a campus boulevard modeled on Main Drive that was the approach from the railroad on the west side of the campus, and connected a circular drive in front of the 1931 System Administration Building to Highway 6, the eastern boundary of the campus. This intersection became the obvious location for new commerce (Figure 9a). Luke’s Campus Grocery was established early, followed by the Eastgate Lounge, Dr. J. O Walton, Jr.’s Medical Office and Clinic (1940), and later a bus stop for service between Houston and Dallas. As the city expanded an eastern bypass for Highway 6 was constructed in the 1980s, and Texas Avenue became Highway 6 Business. The South Side, located on the south boundary and separated from the campus by an unconnected north-south street pattern, developed a commercial area close to the street crossing of the railroad and the road to Millican (now Wellborn Road.) South Side Food Market flourished into the 1960s, with a dentist on the upper floor, and the first architectural office of William Caudill and John Rowlett established early in 1950. South Side also had a drycleaners, a dry goods store, women’s hairdresser, pharmacy, gas station, and the Masonic Lodge (Figure 9b). Growth in the city was slowed by the WWII. Two classes of A&M graduates volunteered for war service, and Bryan gained more than College Station from the creation of the Bryan Army Air Base south of that city in 1941. However, postwar postwar changes, driven by the rapid expansion of college enrollment aided by the G.I. Bill, favored College Station. The influence of Ernest Langford, head of the department of architecture from 1929 to 1957, and elected Mayor for a total of 24 years (1942-1966), is hard to over-emphasize. While his vision for the city was as a residential community, he recognized that a good living environment needed sound planning and civic amenities. He also saw the need for a permanent home for the city administration that was overseeing the new growth and collecting utility bills. In 1947 a City Hall was built at the intersection of the Wellborn Road and Church Street in Northgate to a design developed by Langford’s students and overseen by faculty. The building received the city’s first historical marker, and is now known as Café Eccell. Figure 8. The Northgate commercial area in the 1940s. Source: Cushing Memorial Library Historic Images Collection. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter II: Historic Context 17 Figure 9. The Eastgate (a) and South Side (b) commercial districts in the 1940s. Source: City of College Station Project HOLD online collection. b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 18 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 19 By 1948 the city had grown sufficiently that a bank was organized and after some initial problems transitioned from College Station State Bank to University National (Parks 1984). It was acquired by locally-owned First American Bank, and in 2007 became Citibank. Like many commercial enterprises it grew with the college, and boasted that it was “on the side of Texas A&M,” philosophically and geographically. The city created the first city park in the College Park subdivision in 1947, draining the 1923 lake as a mosquito control decision, and naming it Dexter Park (now Brison Park). A Recreation Board was established in 1953 and began immediate plans to purchase land for future parks and working with developers to incorporate parks in new areas of the city. Much of the 1950s was spent in difficult negotiations with the city of Bryan to develop self sufficient electric, water, and sewer services for the city. These deliberations would go on into the 1960s (Parks 1984). Eastgate Land was first developed east of the campus by D. A. Smith in 1919. College Hills Estates was established on land east of the campus adjacent to Highway 6 in 1927, forming two very early offcampus housing areas. The Pasler subdivision (1936) still contains the one remaining un-altered shotgun house in the city. Before the United States entered WWII, subdivisions had been added in College Hills (1938), College Hills Woodlands and Woodland Acres (1940), and Woodland Estates (1941). The plats filed in this period included College Hills Estates Shopping Village by developer J. C. Culpepper across from the New Main Drive entrance to the campus. As with the South Side, the immediate post-war period saw growth that continued through the 1960s. These included College View (1946), Armstrong (1950), Viscoski (1952), Lauterstein (1956), Christy (1961), Eastgate Square (1963), and the Holt Subdivision (1968). As pressure for student housing increased new new forms of development were opened up like the Lincoln Fourplexes in 1980, and the commercial development off Texas Avenue known as Texas 707 (1996). The last part of the twentieth century saw the Churchill Estates (1997), Lone Star Pavilion (1998), and the Baker development (1999). While density has increased along University Drive and Harvey Road between Texas Avenue and Highway 6, in recent years the most significant commercial, medical and residential growth has been to the south. This is an interesting continuation of the trend that began with the 1923 plat south of the college. The current growth conditions are similar to those found in the 1930s: the City of Bryan has dense development to the north, the university controls most of the land across from Wellborn Road to the west (though there has been dramatic development of student housing along that artery that is already impacting the community of Wellborn), and southern growth has been aided by the expansion of Highway 6 into a four-lane highway with improved access and frontage roads. The College Station Independent School District, which has been a growth stimulator from the early years of the college, has also developed new campuses to the south. Maps showing this growth via the dates of construction of individual buildings throughout the Eastgate neighborhood from 1910 through the present are presented in Appendix A, Exhibits 3 through 9. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 20 South Side In 1921 Economics professor Floyd B. Clark and others, operating as the South Side Development Company, purchased a total of 83 acres of land and developed College Park in 1923. Horticulture professor Frederick W. Hensel designed the landscape, including a dammed lake fed by a creek coming off campus. In 1932 Hershel Burgess established the Oakwood Realty Company on adjacent land and developed the Oakwood Subdivision. Growth continued to the south of the campus with the Holik, Hrdlicka, and West Park subdivisions being platted in 1939 and 1940. The rapid increase in college enrollment after WWII is reflected in six new areas of development in a four-year period. These included Southeast College Park (1945), Breezy Heights and George McCulloch (1946). The Knoll (1947), occupied a ridge on the south side of town and was established by local developer William D. Fitch, and contains many High-style Modern houses designed by architecture faculty at Texas A&M University. Many of the designers were later to become internationally recognized as Caudill, Rowlett, Scott (CRS), and The Knoll development includes William Caudill’s second home in Brazos County. Plats before 1950 included J. E. Scott and W. M. Sparks (1949). The McCulloch subdivision (1946) is worthy of note as it developed land south of County Road (now named for Architect T. R. “Nicky” Holleman who succeeded Langford as head of the A&M architecture program). The McCulloch subdivision developed across from the Lincoln School for Negro children developed in 1942. The Lincoln School was expanded to house a full K-12 program through the late 1950s was burned in 1966. The remaining 1956 gymnasium is now the hub of the very active Lincoln Community Center. The subdivision has experienced significant re-building since 1960, with original wood-framed houses being replaced with Federal housing support. Until the 1990s the east end of Park Place, a long, discontinuous street that moved east from the Oakwood subdivision had land with a majority of African American owners. The land has largely been sold and re-developed for student housing. The CSISD built a new elementary school south of The Knoll in 1967, in the South Knoll subdivision platted in 1954. The continuing growth of the college resulted in new subdivisions by Dulaney (1956), Woodson Village (1959), and Leacrest (1960). In 1963 Texas A&M University formally allowed co-education and turned the Corps of Cadets into a voluntary ROTC organization. The impact on the enrollment was dramatic, as was the increase in the number of academic programs. The pressure for student housing, new shopping centers, and faculty housing, supported by increasingly diverse economic growth, forced the city to move south rapidly. The eastern expansion was bounded for many years by the development of an east bypass around College Station and Bryan, transferring through traffic on Highway 6. This allowed Texas Avenue (Business 6) to add significant commercial development along its north-south route, and to encourage commercial growth along the major connectors to the east bypass, University Drive East, and Harvey Road, culminating in the development of Post Oak Mall, a regional center with over 750,000 square feet of leasable space, at the intersection of Harvey Road and Highway 6. Residential growth continues to expand south into Brazos County, with the City of College Station undertaking a series of annexations. Maps showing the dates of construction of individual buildings throughout the South Side neighborhood from 1880 through the present are presented in Appendix A, Exhibits 10 through 19. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter III: Historic Context 21 Conclusion The development of the A&M College of Texas beginning in 1876 is inextricably linked with the existence and growth of the community that became College Station in 1938. Just as the railroad was a factor in the location of the college, so the development of the north-south road system as Texas Highway 6 was instrumental in moving the growth of the community eastward. As the college’s Board of Directors was considering managing growth on the campus in the 1930s the entrepreneurs in the city had already begun to develop land to the east and south of “college land,” and commercial enterprises that supported the growing community of students and faculty had assumed locations at Northgate, South Side and Eastgate, the west side of the campus being bounded by the railroad and the road from Millican and Wellborn to the Brazos County seat in Bryan, and by the farmland that was part of the Agricultural and Mechanical College. At the same time the City of Bryan was adopting a position as “the” community to support the college, and annexed the maximum legal area, reaching barely to the edge of Northgate. The college faculty and residents around the college, having grown used to an autonomous existence, voted to incorporate as the City of College Station in 1938. The college lands to the west and the City of Bryan to the north forced all subsequent growth to the east, and especially to the south, growth patterns that continue in the 21st century. The period for this historical survey of the South Side and Eastgate neighborhoods ends at 1970, representing structures of forty years and more, and marking the end of the period of the transition of the A&M College of Texas into Texas A&M University. The transition was guided by the findings of the 1964 “Aspirations” study on the future of the university. The study was initiated by the legendary James Earl Rudder, WWII hero, Texas Land Commissioner, and President of the university from 1960 until his death in 1970. Rudder watched his alma mater grow from the all-male Land Grant College of his own student days, into a co-educational, research university with diverse academic programs and an enrolment of over 14,000 students. The visionary spirit that established Brazos County as the location for the state’s first institution of higher learning, continued with the college-based leadership by the likes of Ernest Langford and Earl Rudder. However, even their ability to imagine a future for the college and the city would surely be challenged by the expansion since 1970. In 1999 Texas A&M University published the “Vision 2020” study that was predicated on making it one of the top ten public universities by the year 2020. One of the twelve “imperatives” of the study identified as necessary to reach that goal was to “Raise the Quality of the Built Environment.” Suiting action to words the university developed an award-winning Campus Master Plan in 2004 that is guiding the location and design of the continuing building program, and protecting the existing building stock. The City of College Station, beginning with Dexter Park in 1947, has always recognized that the quality of the built and natural environment is an essential part of managing change and growth. Even with the establishment of the Brazos Valley as a regional shopping, medical, commercial and research hub, the nature of its residential districts will continue to be an essential part of the quality of the city. The 2008 historical survey is the first step in understanding the history of the city and for establishing guidelines for historic areas that can maintain the very qualities that have made the city liveable. As such, the survey is following in the visionary tradition that established the county, the college, and the city. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 22 CHAPTER IV. NEIGHBORHOOD DESCRIPTIONS Introduction The Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods are largely residential, with only a few supporting commercial businesses. The businesses are generally located on the outer boundaries of the survey areas along major roads. Within each neighborhood are several residential subdivisions, dating from as early as the 1920s to the 1970s. The majority of the subdivisions in the survey area are arranged in a picturesque, curved plan, with generous setbacks and contoured streets indicating intentional planning and design. A few, however, are arranged in a rectilinear plan, with narrow lots and shallow setbacks. This simple grid-pattern or “gridiron” plan is probably the most common design in the history of residential suburb development (Ames and McClelland 2002:37). Throughout both neighborhoods oldgrowth trees and modest landscaping are prevalent. Large parks play a role in both in Eastgate and South Side, with houses surrounding both of these well-used recreational areas. There are also several playgrounds and recreational facilities that serve each neighborhood. Eastgate The survey boundaries of the Eastgate neighborhood is within the area roughly bound by the southern property lines of houses facing north on Cooner Street on the north; an irregular line including Tarrow, Eisenhower, and Munson streets on the east; the northern property lines of houses facing south on Dominik Street on the south; and Texas Avenue (Highway 6) on the west (see Figure 2). Within the Eastgate survey boundaries are 23 subdivisions. These are listed in Table 1, and reproductions of the plats are presented in Appendix B. Table 1. Subdivisions in the Eastgate Survey Area Name Date Platted Volume/Page Owner or Developer Armstrong 1950 143/327 unknown Baker 1999 3670/349 James G. Baker College Hills Woodlands (C. H. Woodlands) 1939 104/3 College Hills Estates Company (N. E. Boughton, Developer) Christy 1961 213/463 plat illegible illegible Churchill Estates 1997 2987/309 Alton E. Ofczarzak II College Heights 1927 70/355 unknown College Hills [First Installment] 1938 96/498 J. C. Culpepper College Hills [Second Installment] 1939 99/156 College Hills Estates Company College Hills [Third Installment] 1939 100/163 College Hills Estates Company City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 23 Table 1. Subdivisions in the Eastgate Survey Area Name Date Platted Volume/Page Owner or Developer College Hills [Fourth Installment] 1940 104/243 College Hills Estates Company (N. E. Boughton, Developer) College Vista (College View) 1946 126/133 I. N. Kelley and R. V. Armstrong D. A. Smith 1919 49/106 D. A. Smith East Gate Square 1963 plat illegible Alton P. Boyett Holt 1968 273/331 O. M. Holt Lauterstein 1956 6/128A J. B. Lauterstein Lincoln Fourplexes 1980 462/551 Austin Fitch Lloyd Smith plat unavailable plat unavailable plat unavailable Lone Star Pavillion 1998 3697/193 AIG Baker Shopping Center, LLC (Alex D. Baker) Pasler 1936 91/583 Joe Pasler Pearce unrecorded unrecorded unknown Prairie View Heights 1947 128/516 Ed Putz R. Carter unknown Abstract 8; 142/437-439 unknown Texas 707 1996 2740/227 707 Center, LP (c/o Paul J. Clarke) Viscoski 1952 157/469 Frank Visoski Woodland Acres 1940 104/321 N. E. Boughton Woodland Estates 1941 108/223 unknown Sources: Brazos County Clerk various; City of College Station various The northern portion of the survey area (north of Lincoln Avenue) is occupied mostly by small houses on small lots in subdivisions platted between 1936 and 1956. These subdivisions are arranged on a rectilinear grid. This northern portion of the survey area contains a large amount of infill construction where older houses once stood, and some vacant lots. The exceptions to this trend are the College View and portions of the D.A. Smith subdivisions, which are representative of the post-World War II building phase in College Station. These subdivisions retain most of their architectural integrity and are good representations of their period. In the area north of University Drive East (FM 60), much of the formerly residential area has been replaced with commercial buildings. The integrity of the Viscosy, Armstrong, Prairieview Heights, Churchill Estates, Pasler, and Lauterstein Additions have been compromised by the loss of original buildings to new construction, the presence of vacant lots, and the poor condition of some houses that have led to a loss of integrity of the overall neighborhood. The portion of the Eastgate survey area south of Lincoln Avenue is characterized by larger residential lots, larger setbacks, and curvilinear streets. The western portion of this southern section, known as College Hills, is arranged around Thomas Park, with Puryear Drive and James Parkway facing the park. This subdivision, which was platted beginning in 1938 with subsequent installments following shortly thereafter, is characteristic of the time period in its use of setbacks, large trees, and curved streets and irregular lots. In the eastern portion of this southern area, the lots are quite large and many are on heavily wooded lots, giving a rural feel to the area, especially in the College Hills Woodlands subdivision, platted in 1939. The houses in this subdivision are almost exclusively from the Modern period, and are good, cohesive representatives of the styles of the time. The Kiwanis Trail, located on the western City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 24 boundary of the subdivision, acts as a greenway and recreational outlet. Parkway Park, while small, acts as a physical and visual focus for the southeastern portion of the neighborhood. An important resource of the neighborhood is College Hills Elementary School, which is located in the southeastern section of the neighborhood on the western boundary of College Hills Woodlands. The Woodland Acres subdivision, platted in 1940 also features large lots with generous setbacks. This subdivision contains a variety of architectural styles, lending a less cohesive identity to the neighborhood. Two houses known to have been moved from the campus are located in Woodland Acres. A map showing the locations of these houses is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 1. Throughout the Eastgate survey area, Texas Avenue has historically been a commercial street and remains as such with new buildings replacing older retail construction. Commercial subdivisions along Texas Avenue including Texas 707, Lone Star Pavilion, portions of the original D.A. Smith subdivision, and Eastgate Square date to post-1970. South Side The survey boundaries of the South Side neighborhood is within the area roughly bound by George Bush Drive on the north; an irregular line including Timber, Holik, and Glade streets on the east; an irregular line including Haines Drive, Caudill Street, Pershing Drive, Nevada Street, and Holleman Drive on the south; and Wellborn Road on the west (see Figure 3). Within the South Side survey boundaries are 19 subdivisions. These are listed in Table 2, and plats are presented in Appendix B. Table 2. Subdivisions in the South Side Survey Area Name Date Platted Volume/Page Owner or Developer Crawford Burnett (ICL) 1999 3377/149 unknown J.E. Scott (ICL) 1949 Abstract 50; 142/332, 437 unknown Breezy Heights 1946 125/433 Jones & Thompson College Park 1923 38/602 South Side Development Company (Dr. F. B. Clark) Dexter East 1978 412/219 J. B. Hervey Dulaney 1956 176/619 L. P and Christine J. Dulaney Holik (CS) 1939 104/450 Jimmie Holik Hrdlicka 1940 104/427 Edward V. and Berdie Beatrice Hrdlicka Leacrest 1960 186/303 plat illegible McCulloch (George) 1946 122/95 George McCulloch Oakwood 1932 82/520 not on plat Petterack unknown 800/171 unknown S.E. College Park 1945 119/563 Dr. F. B. Clark South Knoll 1954 165/94 The Kaskaskia Properties (Dr. F. B. Clark) The Knoll 1947 132/493 The Kaskaskia Properties (Dr. F. B. Clark) University South plat illegible 343/201 Homefinder Construction Company W M Sparks 1949 139/261 W. M. Sparks West Park (CS) 1940 103/198 S. B. Russell Developers Woodson Village 1959 196/41 Woodson Lumber Co. Sources: Brazos County Clerk various; City of College Station various City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 25 The South Side neighborhood contains subdivisions ranging from those with rectilinear street grids with small residential lots to those with large picturesque lots with topographic variety, lush vegetation, and curving streets. The first subdivision to be platted in South Side was College Park in 1923. This subdivision was arranged around a dammed creek, which formed a lake. Later the lake was drained and became Dexter (now Brison) Park. The first houses in College Park were those of prominent citizens and Texas A&M University faculty members. As faculty housing was moved from campus, some of these houses made their way into College Park, and other areas of South Side. A map of the houses known to have been moved from the campus is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 2. Following the success of College Park, the Oakwood subdivision was platted in 1932. Oakwood features many grand-scale houses in revivalist styles, with generous setbacks and treed lots. Many are excellent examples of their styles, and have been the home to prominent members of the Texas A&M faculty and the city of College Station. West of College Park is the Westpark subdivision, platted in 1940 and the W. M. Sparks subdivision, platted in 1949. Bordering Wellborn Road and containing the South Side shopping center, this subdivision contains more modest houses on rectilinear streets. The neighborhood is a cohesive group of houses of the immediate post-World War II building phase that occurred in College Station. The Southeast College Park (platted 1945), Woodson Village (platted 1959), South Knoll (platted 1954) and portions of the Holik’s and Leacrest (platted 1940) subdivisions are also cohesive representatives of their architectural period. These subdivisions contain good examples of Modern Period designs, including three types of Ranch style houses; as well as exceptional examples of the Populist Modern style. Some of the best examples of High-High-style Modern architecture in the region and state are located in The Knoll. This subdivision, platted in 1947, contains houses built by and for prominent architects of the time, including Ernest Langford, William Caudill, and Frank Lawyer. Like several subdivisions in the Eastgate neighborhood, the integrity of several subdivisions in South Side have also been compromised by the loss of original buildings to new construction, the presence of vacant lots, and the poor condition of some houses. The subdivisions that have lost architectural integrity include Breezy Heights, Hrdlicka, McCulloch, and parts of the Holik’s and Leacrest subdivisions. The Dulaney subdivision contains newer houses built after 1970. Common Architectural Styles and Forms College Station contains a large representative sample of architectural styles from every period since the late 1800s. The majority of these buildings retain their architectural integrity and provide good examples of their type. Some houses have been altered, and as such, do not convey an easily recognizable architectural style. During the current survey of the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods, styles were noted for each building. For those buildings that have been changed over the years to the point that their original form is not easily identified, these buildings were identified as “altered” or “unknown” and for buildings, structures, and landscape elements were style was not a factor in the design, such as those with a purely utilitarian purpose, the style was noted as “N/A” or “none.” For all other instances, the styles identified can be defined as follows. Residential Styles Folk (after 1850-1890) The Folk style was largely the result of the proliferation of railroads throughout the south in the last half of the 1800s, when pre-constructed components such as windows, doors, and roofing materials could City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 26 be transported quickly and cost effectively (McAlester and McAlester 1989:239, 263-287). While traditional folk forms persisted throughout this era and afterward, materials and construction techniques were later influenced by newly available materials. Gable front and gable-front-and-wing forms remained typical, but balloon framing and more decorative detailing influenced by higher style Queen Anne houses became commonly used. Houses of this period often featured detached carriage houses that later became garages. Most were one bay, one story structures at the rear of the residential lot. Others were more elaborate garages with apartments or quarters above the garage. Some are plain board-andbatten structures, while others showed more details and echoed the stylistic influences of the main residence. In College Station, the shotgun plan is present and is characterized by a narrow, one-roomwide plan. The style has been traced to the rural south and also to the West Indies and Africa, where it is thought to have originated (McAlester and McAlester 1989:89-90). Seven Folk houses, including one shotgun plan house were recorded in Eastgate. In the South Side neighborhood, 18 Folk houses were recorded. Mobile and modular homes can be considered a contemporary type of folk housing (McAlester and McAlester 1989:497), and one of these was recorded in Eastgate. Examples of the Folk style in College Station are shown in Figure 10. Vernacular (all time periods) Vernacular buildings are also prevalent in College Station. The term vernacular means “language of the people.” As it translates into architecture, vernacular buildings are often builder-designed and almost exclusively use locally-available materials. Vernacular buildings typically have a simple plan and design based on those handed down through generations of builders. These designs address local environmental concerns and reflect cultural and historical traditions of the area. In many cases, vernacular architectural traditions have roots in early attempts at building that were perfected to local conditions and requirements through trial and error. In College Station, 28 vernacular houses were recorded in Eastgate, and 86 were recorded in South Side. Examples of the Vernacular style in College Station are shown in Figure 11. Victorian Period (ca. 1870-1910) The Victorian Period houses in College Station pre-date the expansion into Eastgate and South Side, and many are houses that were moved from the Texas A&M campus. They are Folk Victorian in style, which are small houses influenced by the designs of larger country houses. Typical house plans are L-shape and more rarely T-shape, I-shape, shotgun, or center passage. Structures were typically of wood-framed construction with clapboard siding. In Eastgate, one Folk Victorian style house was recorded. In South Side, 10 Folk Victorian houses were recorded. Examples of the Folk Victorian style in College Station are shown in Figure 12. Eclectic Period (1880-1940) The Eclectic Era encompasses a variety of architectural styles made popular at various times within the early twentieth century. The Eclectic movement was influenced by architectural traditions spanning from the ancient Classical period to the Renaissance, and began in late 19th century when wealthy clients hired European-trained architects to design period houses. The Columbian Exposition of 1893 led to increased popularity of the Eclectic styles, including Anglo-American, English, French, and Mediterranean in the first phase. The second phase incorporated Modern styles such as Prairie, Craftsman, and Modernistic styles, which became prevalent after World War I and were common throughout the Figure 10. Folk style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 27 Figure 11. Vernacular style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 28 Figure 12. Folk Victorian style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 29 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 30 American landscape (McAlester and McAlester 1989:319). In College Station, the Eclectic Period is represented by the Colonial Revival, Georgian, Tudor, Prairie, Craftsman, Four Square, and Greek Revival styles. One house in Eastgate and five in South Side are Eclectic in nature, but do not fit into typical categories of the period and are therefore described as “Eclectic Revival.” Colonial Revival (1880-1955) Colonial Revival houses are characterized by their form and decorative detailing. They are usually sidegabled and can be one and one-half story or higher. One of the more common styles in College Station, Colonial Revival houses are known for their accentuated front doors, often with a decorative pediment and pilasters, and fanlights or sidelights. College Station also contains a number of Dutch Colonial houses with gambrel roofs and continuous dormers across the front. A front entry porch or stoop is also common. The facades are usually symmetrical with equal numbers of windows on either side of a centrally-located door. In College Station, doors are also off-center in many cases. Traditional examples of Colonial Revival houses have double-hung sash windows, and dormers (McAlester and McAlester 1989:321). A curious variation of dormers is found in College Station, where they extend from the roof into the eave and are flush with the front façade of the building. The influence of these dormers is unclear and is a subject that warrants further study. In College Station, 13 Colonial Revival houses were recorded in Eastgate, and 56 were recorded in South Side. Georgian Revival, a variation of the Colonial Revival style, is characterized by broken pediments, prominent cornice, paired, triple, or bay windows, and one-story side wings. One Georgian Revival house was recorded in South Side. Examples of the Colonial Revival style in College Station are shown in Figure 13. Tudor Revival (1890-1940) The 1920s and 1930s saw the height of the popularity of the Tudor style, often built as small picturesque cottages with a steep side-gabled roof, prominent cross gables, decorative half-timber framing, tall and narrow windows, and massive decorative and often whimsical chimneys. Elaborate details often included leaded diamond lights in windows, ornamental chimney pots, false thatch roofs, and patterned and arched brickwork and quoins. Front entries were often located under their own tiny steep gable, and the door invariably had an arched top. In some areas of the country, including other cities in Texas, entire subdivisions of Tudor houses were constructed during the period, and the mixing and matching of various decorative elements made for an endless variety of examples (McAlester and McAlester 1989:355–372). During the current study, seven Tudor style houses were recorded in the Eastgate neighborhood, and 10 were recorded in South Side. Examples of the Tudor Revival style in College Station are shown in Figure 14. Craftsman (1905-1930) The development of the motorcar, electricity, the telephone, and indoor plumbing greatly influenced American society at the beginning of the new century. Incorporation of these modern elements had a profound influence on structural design. These modern inventions required a rethinking of residential design, perhaps more fundamental than anything that had preceded it. Modern inventions required modern home design; the focus was now on the future. Architecture of this period embraced the economy, efficiency, and privacy of the new modern American family and also required the development of separate houses for the new automobile. These first garages were detached structures located at the Figure 13. Colonial Revival style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 31 Figure 14. Tudor Revival style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 32 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 33 back of the lot taking the place of the previous carriage house. Only much later did they become attached to and an integral part of the residential structure. The most common residential structures of the first half of the twentieth century are of the Craftsman style, distinguished by their solid simplistic design. Most Craftsman structures are wood frame covered in narrow clapboard siding with wide porches, and have low roof angles, exposed rafter tails, eave brackets, and massive tapered wood porch columns on brick piers. The most simplistic designs are double front-gabled structures with a porch extending across the entire front façade with at least one oversized window. A narrow one-car garage was typically located at the rear of the lot and sometimes incorporated Craftsman design elements, but more often it was a simple board-and-batten structure with two hinged wooden barn-like doors. The earliest houses of the Craftsman Era often utilized Neo-Classical design with a hipped roof, centered dormer, and full-façade porch (McAlester and McAlester 1989:453–454). The Craftsman style accounts for seven of the houses recorded in the Eastgate neighborhood, and for 28 in South Side. Examples of the Craftsman style in College Station are shown in Figure 15. Neoclassical Greek Revival (1895-1950) The Greek Revival style, originally popular from 1825 to 1860 saw a resurgence during the Neoclassical movement of American architecture. As noted, the Columbian Exposition of 1893 influenced American residential building through the exclusive use of classical architectural designs. Like its 19th century predecessors, the Neoclassical Greek Revival style was typically two stories with a side-gabled roof. Many also featured a full-height entry porch with ionic columns, one-story porticoes on the side, transomed and bay windows, roofline balustrades, and exaggerated broken pediments at the windows and entrance. One Neoclassical Greek Revival house (a small, vernacular example) was recorded in Eastgate. An example of the Greek Revival style in College Station is shown in Figure 16. Modern Period Domestic building construction was severely curtailed during World War II as most building materials and labor were diverted to the war effort. At the end of the war, an emphasis was placed on the development of new modern houses. This resulted from the emergence of the United States as the dominant world power. The new world was to be shaped by Americans, and the old way of building was swept away with many other pre-war concepts. Post-war development adopted the Minimal Traditional, the Ranch, and more contemporary styles as the residences of the new order. With the developments in road construction and the interstate highway system during this era, the private automobile was elevated in status, and for the first time was moved indoors. The pre-war detached garage of the past was now an integral part of the residential structure. The emphasis of house design was on comfort and efficiency that could be had with one-story designs. As the prices of materials and labor increased during the 1950s and 1960s, formerly separate rooms became multi-purpose spaces. Developments in technology led to the introduction of building forms and materials not previously used in residential construction (Carley 1994:230). Figure 15. Craftsman style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 34 Figure 16. A Greek Revival house in the Eastgate neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 35 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 36 Minimal Traditional (ca. 1935-1950) The Minimal Traditional style is an outgrowth of the depression years, which fused an eclectic design with low or modest incomes. Then, in the later years of World War II, a particular type of construction modification was developed when the government rationed many everyday items for use by the war effort. One ration item was lumber, and the conservation of this resource led to a very distinctive structural modification, primarily to Craftsman and vernacular residences. For instance most houses constructed after 1942 were built without projecting eaves. In addition to the abandonment of wide eaves, most forms of decoration were abandoned in Minimal Traditional houses constructed after World War II. Roof angles were low to moderate and eave overhangs were reduced to save lumber although it did not reach the drastic examples of the war years. Large chimneys, however, are typical, and many examples resemble a stripped down version of the Tudor. Combinations of brick, stone, and wood siding were utilized to offer some individuality to the structures, which is seen as it was carried over into the Ranch style (McAlester and McAlester 1989:477–478). It should be noted that interesting variations of the Minimal Traditional style was found in College Station which warrant future study. Several houses had steeper pitch roofs than typical, and some showed a level of detail inconsistent with the more modest designs seen elsewhere in Texas, including porch details and eyebrow dormers. Several of these variations occur in clusters, such as along Old Jersey Street, where it is possible that a single builder may have developed a series of spec houses with optional details available to buyers. During the current study, 97 Minimal Traditional style houses were recorded in Eastgate and 96 were recorded in South Side. Examples of the Minimal Traditional style in College Station are shown in Figure 17. Ranch (1945-1980s) The Ranch style, which originated in California, replaced the Craftsman as the dominant style of residential construction in the United States and was made possible by the almost universal ownership of the private automobile. Private transportation allowed people to live further from city and work centers and the development of cheaply priced farmland converted to suburbs permitted larger lot sizes as well as larger sprawling homes. The style is typified by the maximization of the façade width and the incorporation of the garage into one wing of the structure (often with a concealed entry) so as to make the house look even wider (McAlester and McAlester 1989:479). The focus of the Ranch style house was reversed from prior house styles, and enclosed courtyards or patios at the rear and rear-facing picture windows or sliding glass doors allowed entertaining and family activities in the expansive back yard as opposed to the wide front porch of the Craftsman. One-story houses with low-pitched hipped roofs are predominant. Details often include wide eave overhangs with exposed rafter tails as in the Craftsman, the combined use of brick, stone, and wood siding on the facades, decorative ironwork, expansive picture or ribbon windows, and decorative shutters (McAlester and McAlester 1989:479). In College Station, the Ranch is the most prevalent style, with construction booming in this period due to factors such as the admittance of female students to Texas A&M University in 1964. The great number Figure 17. Minimal Traditional style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 37 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 38 of Ranch style houses within one small location permits the closer examination of the typology of this style, which can be subdivided into three types. Minimal Ranch Minimal Ranch houses are a subset of the Ranch style, and many date to the early years of the style’s popularity. Some resemble Minimal Traditional style houses and show the transition between these two styles. Minimal Ranch houses have a simple linear plan, or are occasionally L-shaped. They usually do not have wings, although some of these are observed in College Station. The roofs are typically sidegabled. The façade is sometimes finished in brick or stone veneer, but more typical are weatherboard, asbestos shingles, or wood shingles. Large picture windows, a distinguishing feature of the Ranch style, are common. Many of these houses sit on small lots, and were mass-produced by builders (Higgins 2007:6). Occasionally, a carport is attached to the house. In College Station, 89 Minimal Ranch houses were recorded in Eastgate and 69 were recorded in South Side. Examples of the Minimal Ranch style in College Station are shown in Figure 18. Traditional Ranch The Traditional Ranch is the most recognizable subset of the Ranch house. They typify what were known as “ramblers” with a linear, asymmetrical, one-story design. These houses have low-pitched side-gabled, cross-gabled, or hipped roofs with moderate to wide eaves. The façades are finished with wood, brick, or a combination of the two. The metal or wood frame windows are banded or picture windows, and other windows are often grouped in pairs or in threes; they sometimes are flanked by non-functioning shutters. The small front porch or entry stoop often features decorative iron or wooden porch supports (Higgins 2007:5). In the Traditional Ranch, the house “turned its back” on the street: the rear courtyard or patio is the focus instead of front porches and yards, and the open family room typically leads into this area, providing a space for entertaining and play. In College Station, 105 Traditional Ranch houses were recorded in Eastgate, and 228 were recorded in South Side. Examples of the Traditional Ranch style in College Station are shown in Figure 19. Massed Ranch Massed Ranch houses are similar to Traditional Ranch houses from their appearance on the street, but have a squarer footprint instead of a linear plan. The low-pitched roof is almost always hipped, and sometimes has several different planes. Like the Traditional Ranch, the Massed Ranch has wide boxed eaves. The façade is usually finished with brick or stone veneer, or a combination of wood and masonry veneer. The interior of the Massed Ranch is more open, and is sometimes circular. The garage is usually attached, but is not integral to the building as it is in the Traditional Ranch (Higgins 2007:6). In Eastgate, 132 Massed Ranch houses were recorded. In South Side, 52 were recorded. Examples of the Massed Ranch style in College Station are shown in Figure 20. Bi-level (1950-present) Bi-level houses are similar to Ranch style houses, but utilize features characteristic of split-level designs. Like the split-level, bi-level houses provide a large amount of space on a small footprint, but these housed divide the entry rather than the whole structure, with a front door that leads to a landing Figure 18. Minimal Ranch style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 39 Figure 19. Traditional Ranch style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 40 Figure 20 Massed Ranch style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 41 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 42 halfway between two floors. Bi-level houses feature a raised basement with windows near the grade level and a projecting façade at the upper level. The upper level usually contains bedrooms and work areas, while the lower level contains the garage and the living areas. The rear of the upper level contains a deck, and the garage wing often has a separate gabled roofline. (Higgins 2007:9). One bi-level house was recorded in the South Side neighborhood. Contemporary Period The Contemporary Period of architecture came about with the end of post-World War II affluence. Some architects continued to explore Modernist principles during the 1960s and 1970s, but an interest in Postmodern trends was evident. An exhibit of Ecole des Beaux-Arts drawings at the Museum of Modern Art in New York in 1975 led to a reintroduction of architectural ornament and an academic solution to design problems. Architects like Robert Venturi and Denise Scott Brown were influential in reviving architectural ornament and historical references while recognizing the needs of modern families. Although the Ranch style and more affordable houses continued to be built during this period, high-end designers and architects explored modern designs and abstract geometric architectural themes. Many of these houses utilized sculptural forms with clean lines and experimented with scale, dimension, shapes, and planes (Carley 1994:252-253). The presence of Texas A&M University’s School of Architecture, and influences like CRS undoubtedly led to the prevalence of Contemporary Period design in College Station. Populist Modern (ca. 1950-1980) The Populist Modern style was a result of the adaptation of Modern and International architectural styles for mainstream use. The style used some elements of the popular Ranch style, but typically incorporated Modern elements such as simple profiles, emphasis on geometric shapes including triangles, large expanses of of glass especially on the rear, minimal ornamentation, and a connection with the surrounding landscape through a low horizontal emphasis. The houses were often irregular in plan, and were one to one and one-half stories in height. Façades were often finished with stone, stucco, or concrete, and many also used rough wood planking or materials that became widely available in the 1950s such as plate glass, stainless steel, metal alloys, and laminates. In many cases, exposed wood or steel supports were used. Roofs were flat or low-pitched and had broad, deep eaves (Higgins 2007:17). This style is one of the more characteristic styles in College Station, with three Populist Modern buildings recorded in Eastgate (all were commercial or institutional buildings), and 34 Populist Modern houses recorded in South Side. Examples of the Populist Modern style in College Station are shown in Figure 21. Builder Modern (1965-present) Builder Modern style houses are a result of the use of accepted forms developed during the the Contemporary Period on a mass-marketed scale by builders, contractors, and homeowners. These houses are not reflective of historical styles, and instead utilize influences from Ranch, Shed, Split-level and other forms then alter those forms and combine their elements to create unique designs. Rooflines are often of mixed forms (i.e., mixing gables, shed roofs, and flat roofs) and multi-level. Elongated rooflines are also incorporated. Building masses are also often mixed, with one, one and one-half, and Figure 21. Populist Modern style buildings in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 43 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 44 two-story masses contained within one structure. The use of modern materials, including pressed wood siding, and brick or stone veneer is common and often these materials are combined. Like their rooflines, the window types of these buildings are often mixed (Higgins 2007:27). In College Station, the Builder Modern style is utilized less often than Populist Modern, but account for two houses recorded in Eastgate, and two in the South Side neighborhood. Examples of the Builder Modern style in College Station are shown in Figure 22. High-style Modern (1950-1980) High-style Modern is a style category used for the current survey of College Station that represents those buildings that demonstrate an exceptionally high quality of design. These houses are known to be or appear to be architect-designed, and are representative of the Modern aesthetic. These buildings have a low, horizontal focus with low-pitched or flat roofs. They are integrated into the surrounding landscape and typically utilize large expanses of glass to achieve this aim. Many of the houses use innovative materials or traditional materials applied in nontraditional ways. Many of these houses were designed by faculty or former students of Texas A&M University’s School of Architecture. The architecture firm CRS also designed several of the houses identified as High-style Modern. In Eastgate, five of these houses were recorded; 19 were recorded in the South Side neighborhood, with a concentration in The Knoll subdivision. Examples of High-style Modern houses in College Station are shown in Figure 23. Neo-eclectic (1965-present) The Neo-eclectic style represents a return to traditional architectural forms and decorative elements. Subtypes of the period include Neo-colonial, Neo-classical revival, Neo-French, Neo-Victorian, Neo-Mediterranean, Neo-Tudor, Neo-craftsman, and Mansard. The Neo-eclectic style is not, however, a faithful recreation of historical periods as was seen in the Eclectic period. Driven by homeowners, builders, and contractors instead of architects, these houses often mix one or more historical styles and utilize modern materials such as vinyl, stone and brick veneer, and composite materials. In the mid-1960s this style was used on mid-size residences (Higgins 2007:28-31). In College Station, two pre-1970 Neo-eclectic houses were recorded; two were recorded in Eastgate, one being the Neo-colonial subtype. More modest examples of the Neo-eclectic style are still seen today, but the trend towards large two and three-story houses popular since the 1990s also takes advantage of the mix of historical themes. More recent examples are a result of large-scale homebuilders providing homeowners with a literal catalog of choices including building form, materials, details, rooflines and heights, and fenestration types and patterns, which in many cases result in an assemblage of architectural details that would never have been seen in their historic counterparts. The most recent examples of the Neo-eclectic style differ greatly from those Neo-eclectic houses from the 1960s, and feature high vaulted roofs, multiple gables or hips, multiple front-facing garage bays, large landscaped front yards, and an unrealistic mix of modern materials (Higgins 2007:28). In some areas, these house types have replaced older houses on small lots, lending an odd sense of scale to the neighborhood. Examples of the Neo-eclectic style in College Station are shown in Figure 24. Figure 22. Builder Modern style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 45 Figure 23. High-style Modern style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 46 Figure 24. Neo-eclectic style houses in the Eastgate neighborhood. Photo (a) has southwest influences, and (b) has Neo-colonial influences. b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 47 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 48 Commercial and Institutional Buildings Commercial buildings are common types along the major streets in the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods. They are especially concentrated along George Bush Drive and Welborn Road in the South Side neighborhood, and along University Drive and Texas Avenue in Eastgate. These buildings are typically commercial/specialty stores (National Park Service 1997:20). This resource type is defined by use, and only secondarily by a recognizable style. Many commercial buildings have mixed uses of warehouse and office space, or any combination of office, warehouse, and retail space. The commercial buildings in the survey areas vary in massing and construction method. They range from large retail stores to simple utilitarian structures. The commercial buildings in College Station often are representative of other building forms common to their period of design. Residential neighborhoods often contain smaller storefronts, sometimes clustered into contiguous rows of buildings joined by firewalls, as demonstrated in the Eastgate commercial block at the eastern intersection of Texas Avenue and New Main Drive, and the South Side shopping area on George Bush Drive between Highlands Street and Montclair Avenue. These buildings are one-to one and one-half-story wood-framed structures with masonry veneers. They usually contain large storefront display windows. Other commercial buildings in College Station are intentionally utilitarian, but often contain at least some influence of an architectural style. Suburban commercial buildings in the project area vary widely in their typology. They include restaurants, office buildings, and other service-based buildings built to serve communities beyond the major commercial thoroughfares. Commercial and industrial buildings in the project area are usually significant because of the history of the building and the companies who occupied them rather than the architectural features they possess. These buildings have often been significantly altered to maintain their continued use over time in a changing market. Examples of the commercial buildings in College Station are shown in Figure 25. Institutional buildings were found in limited numbers in the project survey areas. These structures were typically built to bring necessary services to nearby residential communities. Institutional buildings often are larger masonry-framed structures with masonry cladding. They often are seen as amenities to a community and were sometimes a central focus or a landmark and typically reflect the stylistic period in which they were constructed. Institutional buildings, therefore, often showcase the architectural style of a neighborhood. Because institutional buildings were integral to the design of many neighborhoods and often were the showcases of a neighborhood’s design, they are often significant for their design and architecture. But they can also be significant for their contribution to history. Institutional buildings are usually reflective of the growth and development of the city and the neighborhoods surrounding them. Institutional buildings, like commercial buildings, were often altered as demands placed on these resources necessitated. Churches and schools expanded to accommodate increased numbers of people, and continued use over time often led to the “modernization” of the exteriors of buildings. Examples of the institutional buildings in College Station are shown in Figure 26. Commercial and Institutional Building Forms As previously noted, commercial and institutional buildings in College Station typically are identified foremost by their form and secondarily by their style. Commercial and institutional building forms found in College Station include three primary types. The remainders of these buildings have irregular forms; eight of which were recorded in Eastgate, and four of which were recorded in the South Side neighborhood. Figure 25. Commercial buildings in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 49 Figure 26. Institutional buildings in the Eastgate neighborhood (a) and the South Side neighborhood (b). b a City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 50 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 51 One-part Commercial Block The one-part commercial style is a single-story building with a simple box form and, typically, a decorated façade that reflects the prevailing architectural style of the day. Developed in the mid-19th century, the type became a common feature of urban and downtown areas. These buildings were most often used for retails stores and served nearby neighborhoods during their initial development period. Plate glass storefronts and occasionally, several buildings grouped together but separated by firewalls, became common elements in the early 20th century. Later this style developed into planned shopping centers and the later “strip mall” concept (Longstreth 1987:54-65). In College Station, nine one-part commercial block buildings were recorded in Eastgate, and four were recorded in South Side. Pre-engineered Pre-engineered buildings are primarily a post-World War II phenomenon, as the availability of inexpensive pre-manufactured metal buildings increased. These building forms were ideal for manufacturing and light industrial uses, but also found their way into retail facilities. Usually these buildings have a rectangular plan and gabled roofs. The steel frame is covered with corrugated or rolled metal sheathing. Occasionally, the front façade is covered with a veneer such as stone or pressed wood to imitate higher quality materials. In College Station, one pre-engineered building was recorded in Eastgate. Shotgun The shotgun plan was used for commercial and institutional buildings as well as residential structures. Like their residential counterparts, these buildings are one story, front gabled, and are one room deep. This simple form provided an inexpensive structure that is often utilitarian in nature. One shotgun building of this use was recorded in South Side. Commercial and Institutional Building Styles The commercial and institutional buildings in College Station often are utilitarian in nature without a recognizable architectural style, or they represent a vernacular tradition. During the survey, one vernacular building of this use was recorded in South Side. Several, however, represent the stylistic influences prevalent at the time they were constructed. Eclectic Period During the Eclectic Period, commercial and institutional building styles used in College Station include one Tudor Revival building in South Side, and two Art Deco buildings in Eastgate. The Tudor Revival style in commercial and institutional buildings is similar to the previously-described residential form. The Art Deco style (1920s-1930s) is characterized by zigzags and other stylized geometric motifs, smooth stucco wall surfaces, and vertical elements emphasizing the height of the building (McAlester and McAlester 1984:464-465). City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter IV: Neighborhood Descriptions 52 Modern Period In the Modern Period, three Populist Modern buildings were constructed in Eastgate and five in South Side. These buildings resemble their residential counterparts, but on a larger scale. One New Formalist building was recorded in Eastgate. This style (1960-present) is characterized by geometric shapes that dominate the elevations, smooth surfaces, arch motifs, columns supports under a projecting flat slab roof, and patterned screens or grilles (Higgins 2007:19). The Googie/Populuxe style (1945-1969) is represented by one building in Eastgate. This quirky style was often used for roadside commercial uses like restaurants and gas stations, and is characterized by cantilevered roof structures, acute angles, the use of synthetic materials, freeform shapes, angled roofs with various slopes, and elaborate pylon or pole signage that is sometimes integrated into the roofline (Higgins 2007:20). Contemporary Period Representative of the Contemporary Period, one Neo-expressionist building was recorded in South Side. This style (1955-present) is identified by features such as curved or angled concrete or brick walls, dramatic and irregular geometric shapes, sculpture-like forms and stylistic expression, and asymmetrical lines. The style often uses cantilevered roofs and an emphasis on structural engineering to achieve the design (Higgins 2007:23). City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 53 CHAPTER V. RESULTS OF THE INVESTIGATIONS A total of 1,952 parcels were recorded within the two survey boundaries identified by the City of College Station. Of these parcels, 1,817 contained structures or site features, and 135 were vacant. Of the non-vacant parcels, 1,369 parcels contained buildings dating to 1970 or earlier. The complete survey spreadsheets for the Eastgate and South Side neighborhoods are presented in Appendix E. The results are presented in Microsoft Excel format. Based on the archival research and windshield survey undertaken during the current project, a total of 12 potential historic districts were identified: four are located in Eastgate (Figure 27), and eight are located in South Side (Figure 28). These neighborhoods demonstrate a cohesive collection of housing types, and retain integrity of individual buildings and overall neighborhood integrity. Many of the areas identified as potential historic districts roughly roughly follow the original plat maps. This is because many of these subdivisions are cohesive groups of buildings distinctly identified by design, housing type, and integrity. In addition, a total of 29 buildings are identified as being potential individual landmarks. This is based on preliminary archival research into the architect, residents, or the design of the building. Eastgate In the Eastgate neighborhood, 838 parcels were identified as being within the survey boundaries identified by the city (see Figure 2). Of these parcels, 􀁸 762 contained structures or site features, 􀁸 76 parcels were vacant, 􀁸 of the non-vacant parcels, 560 contained buildings dating to 1970 or earlier, and 194 contained buildings that post-dated 1970; and 􀁸 six parcels contained buildings that did not have an identifiable construction date. A map showing the distribution of vacant lots and post-1970 construction is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 22. A chart showing the dates of construction in the Eastgate neighborhood is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 21 and the number of buildings dating to within the pre-1970 survey period is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 22. Where the date of construction could be determined or estimated, the majority of houses constructed in Eastgate were built between 1941 and 1960. Two buildings were identified during the field survey as having the potential to be individual landmarks. A map showing the locations of these buildings is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 23. The majority of houses built in Eastgate were built during the Modern stylistic period, including the Minimal Traditional, Minimal Ranch, Traditional Ranch, and Massed Ranch styles. A map of the stylistic periods within Eastgate is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 24. A chart showing the number of buildings representing each style of architecture in Eastgate is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 25. Archival research and analysis of parcel data provided by the Brazos CAD allowed the survey team to gather data that was not otherwise observable in the field. The data contained in the city’s Project Figure 27. Potential historic districts in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Base graphic created by the City of College Station. D A Smith College View College Hills College Hills Woodlands City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 54 Figure 28. Potential historic districts in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Base graphic created by the City of College Station. South Knoll Southeast College Park Westpark College Park Oakwood Holik’s/Leacrest Woodson Village The Knoll City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 55 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 56 HOLD files revealed that Eastgate contains 18 buildings that have been recognized by the City of College Station for their local significance (Appendix A, Exhibit 26). Future surveyors should more thoroughly research individual houses and buildings using archival data such as that held by the city’s Project HOLD office to gather additional information to help refine historic district boundaries and identify additional landmarks. The Brazos CAD data showed that of the 698 parcels in Eastgate where ownership is noted by Brazos CAD, 220 are owner-occupied and 478 are not owner-occupied (Appendix A, Exhibit 27). This data may help residents and stakeholders determine areas where historic districts are feasible and necessary to protect neighborhoods. A total of four potential historic districts were identified in the Eastgate neighborhood (see Figure 27). The D.A. Smith subdivision, College View, College College Hills, and College Hills Woodlands displayed the integrity necessary to be potential historic districts. D. A. Smith D. A. Smith was historically a 96-acre tract of land platted in 1919 by D. A. Smith from the R. Carter Abstract. Later subdivisions reduced its size and while some of the plat was absorbed into other residential or commercial plats, a core of the D.A. Smith land remains. This area is bound by the rear of lots facing Eisenhower Street on the west, the rear of lots facing Cooner Street on the north, the rear of lots facing Nimitz Street on the East, and a rough line of lots north of University Drive East on the south (Appendix B). The houses in this potential historic district are mostly comprised of Minimal Traditional style houses on small lots, and are representative of post-World War II building in College Station. The neighborhood is significant because it is an intact example of this period of design within the post-war period of development at Texas A&M University and College Station. College View College View (also called College Vista) was platted in 1946 by I. N. Kelley and R. V. Armstrong. It is bound by Eisenhower Street on the west, lots facing Poplar Street and Poplar Street on the north, Turner Street on the east, and the rear of lots facing Ash Street on the south (Appendix B). A portion of the original plat containing parcels facing Poplar Street east of Nimitz Street, while included in the original plat, were left out of the current recommendation because they have changed from residential use to light industrial use inconsistent with the design of the neighborhood. The houses in this potential historic district, like those in D. A. Smith, are representative of the post-World War II boom in College Station and contain modest housing forms on small lots, with the Minimal Traditional style being the most prevalent. It is also significant as an intact example of the early Modern period of design during the early years following World War II when Texas A&M University and the city of College Station were in need of quality housing at a modest price. College Hills The College Hills subdivision contains four separate installments beginning in 1938. Platted by J. C. Culpepper and the College Hills Estates Company, and developed by N. E. Boughton, this collection of curving residential streets centered on Thomas Park. Including all four installments, the subdivision is bound by Texas Avenue on the west, Lincoln Avenue on the north, Williams Street and the rear of lots City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 57 facing Walton Street on the east, and a rough boundary including the rear of lots facing Domink Drive and the rear of lots facing George Bush Drive East on the south (Appendix B). The subdivision includes the Eastgate shopping area, which was the commercial district for the Eastgate neighborhood and for much of the Texas A&M University campus. The shopping center consists of two (now discontiguous) one-part commercial block buildings that maintain the curve of the street and acted as a “gate” to the neighborhood. Thomas Park provides a recreational focal point near the middle of College Hills, with a jogging trail, open space and large mature trees. Houses in College Hills are mostly of the Modern period, with construction dates spanning from the late 1930s through the 1950s. Houses range from Minimal Traditional houses on the smaller lots, to the three types of Ranch houses on the remainder of the lots. The neighborhood is significant for its design and for its association with the growth of College Station in the 1940s and 1950s. College Hills Woodlands College Hills Woodlands was platted in 1939 by the College Hills Estates Company, the same company that platted College Hills. N. E. Boughton was also the developer in this subdivsion. The subdivision is bound by the rear of lots facing Ashburn Avenue on the west, Francis Drive on the north, Munson Avenue on the east, and the rear of the lots facing Gilchrist Avenue on the south (Appendix B). The subdivision is characterized by its wooded lots, and rural setting. The acute angles of the streets provide a quiet, almost isolated setting, where houses are set back from the street. In the center of the subdivision, Woodland Parkway provides a greenbelt that separates the eastern and western sides. The neighborhood is significant for its design. South Side In the South Side neighborhood, 1114 parcels were identified within the survey boundaries identified by the city. Of these parcels 􀁸 1055 contained structures or site features 􀁸 59 parcels were vacant, 􀁸 of the non-vacant parcels, 809 contained buildings dating to 1970 or earlier; and 244 contained buildings that post-dated 1970. A map showing the distribution of vacant lots and post-1970 construction in South Side is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 28. A chart showing the dates of construction in the South Side neighborhood is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 29 and the number of buildings dating to within the pre-1970 survey period is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 30. Where the date of construction could be determined or estimated, the majority of houses constructed in South Side were built between 1931 and 1960. There were 27 buildings identified during the field survey that may have the potential to be individual landmarks. A map showing the location of these buildings is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 31. The majority of houses built in South Side were built during the Modern stylistic period, including the Minimal Traditional, Minimal Ranch, Traditional Ranch, and Massed Ranch styles. A large number of Vernacular, Colonial Revival, and Populist Modern houses were also recorded. A map of the stylistic periods within South Side is presented in Appendix A, Exhibit 32. A chart showing the number of buildings representing each style of architecture in South Side is shown in Appendix A, Exhibit 33. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 58 Archival research and analysis of parcel data provided by the Brazos CAD allowed the survey team to gather data that was not otherwise observable in the field. The data contained in the city’s Project HOLD files revealed that South Side contains 59 buildings that have been recognized by the City of College Station for their local significance (Appendix A, Exhibit 34). Future surveyors should more thoroughly research individual houses and buildings using archival data such as that held by the city’s Project HOLD office to gather additional information to help refine historic district boundaries and identify additional landmarks. The Brazos CAD data showed that of the 1015 parcels in South Side where ownership is noted by Brazos CAD, 309 are owner-occupied and 706 are not owner-occupied (Appendix A, Exhibit 35). This data may help residents and stakeholders determine areas where historic districts are are feasible and necessary to protect neighborhoods. A total of eight potential historic districts were identified in the South Side neighborhood (see Figure 28). The College Park, Oakwood, Westpark, Holik’s and Leacrest, Southeast College Park, Woodson Village, The Knoll, and South Knoll subdivisions displayed the integrity necessary to be potential historic districts. College Park College Park, platted in 1923 was the first subdivision to be platted in South Side, under the direction of Dr. F. B. Clark and the South Side Development Company. The neighborhood is bound by Montclair Avenue on the west, George Bush Drive on the north, the rear of lots facing Dexter Drive on the east, and Luther Street on the south (Appendix B). College Park maintains a focus on Dexter (now Brison) Park, which has been a recreational spot for neighborhood residents since the lake originally in the spot was drained. Neighborhood residents noted during meetings how important the park is to the neighborhood, and much of the pleasure of living in College Park is a direct result of the park. Houses in College Park range from those first elaborate houses where prominent citizens and Texas A&M University faculty members lived, to faculty housing moved from campus, to modest houses with more vernacular association. The neighborhood is significant for its design, and its association with the history of Texas A&M University and College Station and prominent residents who lived in the neighborhood. Oakwood The Oakwood subdivision was platted in 1932. It is bound by the rear of lots facing Suffolk Avenue on the west, George Bush Drive on the north, the rear of lots facing Lee Avenue on the east, and the rear of lots facing Park Place on the south (Appendix B). Oakwood features many grand-scale houses in revivalist styles, with generous setbacks and treed lots. Many are excellent examples of their styles, and have been the home to prominent members of the Texas A&M faculty and the city of College Station. The neighborhood is significant for its collection of houses that are good examples of the style and of architectural design. It is also significant for its association with the history of College Station and Texas A&M University and prominent residents who lived in the neighborhood. Westpark Westpark was platted in 1940 by S. B. Russell Developers. The adjacent W. M. Sparks subdivision was platted in 1949 by W. M. Sparks. For the purposes of the current effort, these subdivisions were City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 59 combined within one boundary since they are related in time and provide a logical combination of housing types for the purposes of defining a potential historic district. The area is bound by Wellborn Road on the west, George Bush Drive on the north, Montclair Avenue on the east, and Luther Street on the south (Appendix B). Westpark contains the South Side shopping center on its northern border along George Bush Drive. The potential historic district contains modest houses on rectilinear streets, including a cohesive group of houses of the immediate post-World War II building phase that occurred in College Station. Many of the houses are Minimal Traditional and Minimal Ranch in style. The potential district is significant as an example of the post-World War II development that took place in College Station. Holik’s and Leacrest Holik’s subdivision was platted in 1939 by Jimmie Holik. Adjacent to this is Leacrest, which was platted in 1960. While the subdivisions were platted during two periods, the western part of Holik’s subdivision and the Leacrest subdivision contain housing from the same period. The recommended boundary of this potential historic district is the rear of lots facing Timber Street on the west, an irregular line along the southern boundary of Oakwood Elementary School on the north, Glade Street on the east, and the rear of lots facing Timm Drive on the south (Appendix B). The houses in this potential district are exclusively of the Modern Period, with several Ranch style and Populist Modern style examples. It is significant as a collection of Modern Period houses in College Station, including the Populist Modern style: one of the most iconic styles of the region and a result of the influence of the Texas A&M University School of Architecture faculty and CRS. Southeast College Park Southeast College Park was platted in 1945 by Dr. F. B. Clark, the developer of College Park. This subdivision is bound by Hereford Street on the west, the rear of lots facing Park Place on the north, the rear of lots facing Hawthorn Street on the east, and Holleman Drive on the south (Appendix B). The subdivision is a combination of rectilinear and curved streets with large lots and generous setbacks. The houses in Southeast College Park are of the Modern Period, with Traditional Ranch styles and to a lesser extent, Minimal Ranch and Massed Ranch style examples. The potential district is significant for its design and for its cohesive collection of houses that are excellent examples of the Ranch style. The neighborhood is also important for its association with the late 1950s and 1960s period of intense growth in College Station and at Texas A&M University. Woodson Village Woodson Village, platted in 1959 by the Woodson Lumber Company is similar to Southeast College Park. It is bound by a the rear of lots facing Pershing Street on the west, the rear of lots facing Park Place on the north, Glade Street on the east, and the rear of lots facing Holleman Street on the south (Appendix B). It, too, is an excellent example of a curvilinear residential neighborhood design. The lots are generous, and houses are set well back from the street. Like Southeast College Park, the houses are excellent examples of the Modern Period, with most of the houses being of the Traditional Ranch style. It is significant for its design and for its cohesive collection of excellent examples of Traditional Ranch houses, and is associated with a time of growth in College Station and Texas A&M University. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter V: Results of the Investigations 60 The Knoll The Knoll was platted in 1947 by Dr. F. B. Clark, the developer of College Park and Southeast College Park, and The Kaskaskia Properties. The Knoll is bounded by lots facing Winding Road on the west, the rear of lots facing Orr Street on the north, Langford Street and lots facing Winding Road on the east, and the rear of lots facing Haines Drive on the south (Appendix B). Some of the best examples of Highstyle Modern and Modern Period architecture in the region and state are located in The Knoll. This subdivision contains houses built by and for prominent architects of the time, including Ernest Langford, William Caudill, and Frank Lawyer. It is significant for the design of the neighborhood, as a collection of High-style Modern architecture, and for the association of individual houses and the subdivision with important architects and other citizens in College Station and Texas A&M University history. South Knoll South Knoll was platted 1954, also by Dr. F. B. Clark and The Kaskaskia Properties. The subdivision is bound by the rear of lots facing Caudill Street on the west, the rear of lots facing Haines Drive on the north, the rear of lots facing Langford Street on the east, and a rough line including the rear of lots facing Caudill Street on the south (Appendix B). Originally the plat was square, and included houses southeast of the current plat located east to the rear of lots facing Langford Street on the east, and south to the rear of lots facing Boswell Street on the south. The houses in South Knoll are a cohesive collection of representatives of the Modern Period, including the three types of Ranch style houses. This potential historic district is significant as an example of a collection of Ranch houses, representing the growth of the city and Texas A&M University during the late 1950s and 1960s. Future studies to determine final neighborhood boundaries should include the possibility possibility of including the boundaries of the original plat. Houses in this southeastern area are consistent with the design of the rest of the neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 61 CHAPTER VI. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK During a windshield survey of the South Side and Eastgate neighborhoods of College Station, Texas, 12 potential historic districts were identified. The potential historic districts identified in the South Side neighborhood are: 􀁸 Westpark, 􀁸 College Park, 􀁸 Oakwood, 􀁸 Holik’s and Leacrest, 􀁸 Woodson Village, 􀁸 Southeast College Park, 􀁸 The Knoll, and 􀁸 South Knoll. In the Eastgate neighborhood, the potential historic districts identified are: 􀁸 D. A. Smith, 􀁸 College View, 􀁸 College Hills, and 􀁸 College Hills Woodlands. These potential historic districts represent collections of individual structures that, while not necessarily possessing individual significance, when taken as a whole neighborhood are representative of a particular significant period of time in the history of College Station. These potential historic districts are suggestions that are made by the researchers and surveyors, and are based on archival research, neighborhood input, information gathered from the Brazos CAD and provided by the city of College Station, and the results of the field survey. The districts suggested here and their boundaries are not meant to be a final representation of the potential districts in the survey areas. Additional study will be needed to undertake final determinations of eligibility, and to determine the extent of the boundaries, contributing and non-contributing properties, and establish final designation criteria. The additional work necessary is further discussed in the Future Work section of this chapter. In addition to these potential historic districts, the researchers and surveyors identified 29 individual buildings that may be considered individual landmarks. These potential individual landmarks are shown in Table 3. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter VI: Summary and Future Work 62 Table 3. Potential Individual Landmarks Address Neighborhood Name Significance 903 Texas Avenue South Eastgate Dr. T. O. Walton Medical Office significant person, design 904 Francis Drive Eastgate J. C. Culpepper House significant person 301 Dexter Drive South Side Pinkey Downes House significant person 600 West Dexter Drive South Side Ernest Langford House significant person, design 1200 Langford Street South Side Ernest Langford House significant person 1206 Orr Street Southisde William W. Caudill House significant person, design 1214 Orr Street South Side Frank D. Lawyer House significant person, design 602 West Dexter Drive South Side F. R. Brison House significant person, design 500 Ayrshire Street South Side Edgar S. McFadden House significant person 305 Dexter Drive Southiside Floyd B. Clark House significant person, design 1106 Langford Street South Side unknown design 1110 Langford Street South Side Theo R. Holleman House design 1111 Langford Street South Side unknown design 1115 Langford Street South Side Fred Weick House design 115 Lee Avenue South Side Brooks-Rudder Housse significant person, design 120 Lee Avenue South Side Wilcox House design 200 Lee Avenue South Side unknown design 206 Lee Avenue South Side unknown design 215 Lee Avenue South Side unknown design 301 Lee Avenue South Side unknown design 310 Lee Avenue South Side unknown design 314 Lee Avenue South Side Tanzler-Swanson House design 606 Old Jersey Street South Side Richard E. Vrooman House design 200 Pershing South Side Reynolds House design 506 West Dexter Drive South Side McNew House significant person, design 1205 Winding Road South Side Arthur G. Edmonds House design 1210 Winding Road South Side unknown design 1211 Winding Road South Side Dean W. W. Armistead House significant person, design 1213 Winding Road South Side David D. Yarborough House design It should be noted that these results are based on preliminary study only, and additional buildings may qualify as individual landmarks based on their association with important individuals, significant historic events, their design, or for their cultural significance to the city of College Station. Further research into individual properties as well as additional oral histories with individuals with knowledge of specific properties may reveal significance that was not discovered within the scope of the current study. Particular attention should be given to areas where individual buildings may be associated with significant individuals, events, or cultures even though the integrity of individual buildings and subdivisions has been compromised. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter VI: Summary and Future Work 63 Future Work It is recommended that prior to proceeding with designation of historic districts, a comprehensive preservation plan for the city of College Station be undertaken. This process will serve to identify any other potential historic districts in the city, help prioritize the city’s preservation goals and needs, and help to maintain a consistent approach throughout the city as additional historic districts are identified. The potential districts identified here are not final, and should be further refined based on community input and further property-by-property research and additional research into the development of each subdivision or area being considered for designation. Property-by-property research should include: further research for those houses included in the files of Project HOLD, where early photographs of individual buildings and streetscapes are often filed; chain of title searches to determine the ownership history of buildings were it is suspected that they could be significant for their association with important individuals; researching building permits to determine definitive construction dates and the dates and extent of any alterations to individual buildings within each parcel; city directory searches to determine use and ownership of buildings; oral histories with past and current owners; and other research as required. The National Park Service Bulletin Historic Residential Suburbs (Ames and McClelland 2002) should be consulted for guidance in this process. Following research into individual buildings, this information can be combined with the results of the current survey, and based on these combined data, the boundaries of potential districts can be refined and the significance of the districts fully determined. This effort should include the input of neighborhoods and city staff in order to determine the needs of individual districts, and identify the potential growth pressures that would need to be considered in developing a historic district. Refining the boundaries suggested may result in the addition or removal of certain areas, the combining or dividing of potential districts identified here, or other changes. In addition, future work should include identifying what buildings within each district will be considered “contributing” to the district or “not contributing” to the district. A contributing building was “present during the period of significance and possess historic integrity for that period. Those resources built or substantially altered after the period of significance are classified as ‘noncontributing’ unless they have individual significance that qualifies them for…listing” (Ames and McClelland 2002:106). Once boundaries are determined and the needs for each district are identified, preservation criteria should be written for each individual district. These criteria will address how the preservation of each neighborhood will be assured. These criteria can be be very broad in nature, providing a general guideline for building types, or they can be very specific, addressing each design element. The breadth of criteria will be dependent upon the needs of the district, and the comfort of the building owners within. Examples of the types of preservation criteria used in other cities can be found readily on the Internet. These examples can provide a general overview that may help the residents of College Station determine the best criteria for their district. It is advised, however, that once the boundaries have been finalized, the historic district be established at one time, as opposed to a property-by-property approach. This will insure that the significance and integrity of the neighborhood as a whole is appreciated and considered, and preservation guidelines are consistent throughout. For those properties achieving individual significance, their acknowledgement is discussed below. Additional research should be undertaken to identify any individual properties that were not obviously significant to surveyors in the field, or that were not identified as significant during archival research or oral history interviews. Often, this knowledge is uncovered during interviews with neighborhood residents, cultural or social groups, and individuals with a long association with their neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Chapter VI: Summary and Future Work 64 Where the integrity of individual buildings and subdivisions has been compromised, there may be buildings that have historical associations with significant individuals, events, or cultures. Those neighborhoods that were not identified during the current study as being potential historic districts should be further studied to determine if some individual buildings within them are significant. These buildings or subdivisions, while perhaps not retaining enough integrity to be preserved as a historic district, may be good candidates for Texas Historical Commission or City of College Station subject markers or other means of identifying and recognizing their significance. Such subdivisions may include: 􀁸 Prairieview Heights/Putz (Eastgate), 􀁸 Pearce (Eastgate), 􀁸 Lauterstein (Eastgate), 􀁸 Pasler (Eastgate), 􀁸 McCulloch (South Side), 􀁸 Hrdlicka (South Side), and 􀁸 Breezy Heights (South Side). City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side 65 REFERENCES CITED Ames, David L. and Linda Flint McClelland 2002 Historic Residential Suburbs: Guidelines for Evaluation and Documentation for the National Register of Historic Places. U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Baker, Jay and Barrie Scardino 1998 Flying High. Cite 41: The Architecture and Design Review of Houston. Spring, pp. 24-29. Borden, Robert C. 2005 Historic Brazos County: An Illustrated History. Historical Publishing Network, San Antonio. Brazos County Appraisal District 2008 Real Property Records. Electronic document, www.brazoscad.org, accessed February through June, 2008. Brazos County Clerk various Plat records. Brundidge, Glenna Fourman 1986 Brazos County History” Rich Past-Bright Future. Bryan, Texas, Family History Foundation. Barnes Gromatsky Kosarek Architects with Michael Dennis 2004 Campus Master Plan for Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas A&M University, Carley, Rachel 1994 The Visual Dictionary of American Domestic Architecture. Henry Holt and Company, New York. City of College Station 2008 Project HOLD (Historic Online Library Database). Electronic document, http://hold.cstx.gov, accessed February through June, 2008. City of College Station Planning & Development Services various Neighborhood plat files. City of College Station Planning & Development Services Office, College Station, Texas. CRS Center for Leadership and Management various Photograph and slide collections. Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Dethloff, Henry C. 1975 A Pictorial History of Texas A&M University 1876-1976. College Station, Texas A&M University Press. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side References Cited 66 Fox, Stephen 1998 Bryan, College Station, A&M: An Architectural Tour. Cite 41: The Architecture and Design Review of Houston. Spring. Higgins, Alan 2007 Architectural Styles and Building Forms of the Recent Past. Historic Landmarks Foundation of Indiana, Indianapolis, Indiana. Langford, Ernest 1970 Personal Recollections. Unpublished manuscript, available at Carnegie History Center, Bryan+College Station Public Library, Bryan, Texas. Longstreth, Richard 1987 The Buildings of Main Street: A Guide to American Commercial Architecture. The Preservation Press, Washington, D. C. McAlester, Virginia, and Lee McAlester 1989 A Field Guide to American Houses. Knopf, New York. National Park Service 1997 How to Complete the National Register Registration Form. U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. 1998 How to Apply the National Register Criteria for Evaluation. U. S. Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C. Parks, Deborah Lynn 1984 The History of the City of College Station 1938-1982. MS Thesis Texas A&M University, available at Sterling C. Evans Library, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. Sanborn Map Company 1912 Insurance Maps of Bryan, Texas. Electronic Document, http://sanborn.umi.com, accessed January 30, 2008. 1925 Insurance Maps of Bryan, Texas. Electronic Document, http://sanborn.umi.com, accessed January 30, 2008. 1938 Insurance Maps of Bryan, Texas. Electronic Document, http://sanborn.umi.com, accessed January 30, 2008. 1938 (1950) Insurance Maps of Bryan, Texas. Electronic Document, http://sanborn.umi.com, accessed January 30, 2008. Texas General Land Office (GLO) 2008 Land Grant Database. Electronic document, http://www.glo.state.tx.us/archives/landgrant.html, accessed February through May, 2008. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side References Cited 67 Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) 2008 College Station, Texas. In Handbook of Texas Online. Electronic document, available at http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/CC/hdc2.html, accessed January 10, 2008. Thompson, Melissa S. 1998 Black Education in Bryan-College Station, Texas. Unpublished manuscript, available at Carnegie History Center, Bryan+College Station Public Library, Bryan, Texas. Van Riper, Paul P. c. 1985 The Old Texas A&M Campus Houses. Unpublished manuscript, available at http://hold.cstx.gov, accessed February through June, 2008. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side A-1 APPENDIX A: MAPS AND CHARTS SHOWING SURVEY AREAS AND RESULTS Appendix A, Exhibit 1. Housed moved from TAMU in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-2 Appendix A, Exhibit 2. Housed moved from TAMU in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-3 Appendix A, Exhibit 3. Buildings built between 1901 and 1920 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-4 Appendix A, Exhibit 4. Buildings built between 1901 and 1930 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-5 Appendix A, Exhibit 5. Buildings built between 1901 and 1940 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-6 Appendix A, Exhibit 6. Buildings built between 1901 and 1950 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-7 Appendix A, Exhibit 7. Buildings built between 1901 and 1960 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-8 Appendix A, Exhibit 8. Buildings built between 1901 and 1970 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-9 Appendix A, Exhibit 9. Buildings built between 1901 and 2008 in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-10 Appendix A, Exhibit 10. Buildings built between 1881 and 1890 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-11 Appendix A, Exhibit 11. Buildings built between 1881 and 1900 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-12 Appendix A, Exhibit 12. Buildings built between 1881 and 1910 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-13 Appendix A, Exhibit 13. Buildings built between 1881 and 1920 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-14 Appendix A, Exhibit 14. Buildings built between 1881 and 1930 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-15 Appendix A, Exhibit 15. Buildings built between 1881 and 1940 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-16 Appendix A, Exhibit 16. Buildings built between 1881 and 1950 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-17 Appendix A, Exhibit 17. Buildings built between 1881 and 1960 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-18 Appendix A, Exhibit 18. Buildings built between 1881 and 1970 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-19 Appendix A, Exhibit 19. Buildings built between 1881 and 2008 in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-20 Appendix A, Exhibit 20. Vacant lots and post-1970s construction in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-21 637 195 6 76 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 Pre-1970 Post-1970 Unknown N/A (vacant) Appendix A, Exhibit 21. Ratio of pre-and post-1970s construction in the Eastgate neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-22 0 0 0 1 3 63 200 242 46 176 107 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1880-1891 1891-1900 1901-1910 1911-1920 1921-1930 1931-1940 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-2008 no date or N/A Appendix A, Exhibit 22. Construction dates in the Eastgate neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-23 Appendix A, Exhibit 23. Potential individual landmarks in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-24 Appendix A, Exhibit 24. Stylistic periods in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-25 Appendix A, Exhibit 25. Ratio of stylistic periods in the Eastgate neighborhood. Architectural Styles: Eastgate 35 1013 7 29 1 13 77 11 97 89 105 132 1 5 2 1123 11 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 Altered none unknown Folk Vernacular Folk Victorian Colonial Revival Tudor Revival Craftsman Greek Revival Eclectic Minimal Traditional Minimal Ranch Traditional Ranch Massed Ranch Modular/Mobile High-style Modern Builder Modern Neo-eclectic Neo-colonial Art Deco (Commercial) Populist Modern New Formalism Googie/Populuxe City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-26 Appendix A, Exhibit 26. City markers in the Eastgate neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-27 Yes, 220 No, 478 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 Appendix A, Exhibit 27. Ratio of owner-occupied buildings in the Eastgate neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-28 Appendix A, Exhibit 28. Vacant lots and post-1970s construction in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-29 1 4 4 21 43 110 187 269 157 233 85 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1881-1890 1891-1900 1901-1910 1911-1920 1921-1930 1931-1940 1941-1950 1951-1960 1961-1970 1971-2008 no date or N/A Appendix A, Exhibit 29. Construction dates in the South Side neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-30 Pre-and Post-1970s Construction: Southside 808 245 61 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Pre-1970 Post-1970 N/A (vacant) Appendix A, Exhibit 30. Ratio of pre-and post-1970s construction in the South Side neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-31 Appendix A, Exhibit 31. Potential individual landmarks in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-32 Appendix A, Exhibit 32. Stylistic periods in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-33 Appendix A, Exhibit 33. Ratio of stylistic periods in the South Side neighborhood. Architectural Styles: Southside 69 3 17 18 87 10 56 1 10 28 5 96 69 228 52 1 34 19 2 11 5 1 0 50 100 150 200 250 Altered none unknown Folk Vernacular Folk Victorian Colonial Revival Georgian Revival Tudor Revival Craftsman Eclectic Minimal Traditional Minimal Ranch Traditional Ranch Massed Ranch Bi-level Populist Modern (Residential) High-style Modern Builder Modern Vernacular (Commercial) Tudor Revival (Commercial) Populist Modern (Commercial) Neo-expressionist City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-34 Appendix A, Exhibit 34. City markers in the South Side neighborhood. Source: Graphic created by the City of College Station. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-35 Yes, 309 No, 706 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 Appendix A, Exhibit 35. Ratio of owner-occupied buildings in the South Side neighborhood. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix A A-36 City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side B-1 APPENDIX B: NEIGHBORHOOD ADDITION PLATS AVE E THE STATE OF TEXASI COUNTY OF BRAZOS KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PrSRESlm That the Oakwood Realty Company of College Station Texas a corporFtlon of the County of Brazos State of Texas having heretofore dedicated the streets alleys and passageways and subdivided a portion of College Par an Addition to the City of College Station conveyel to oOoad Realty Com pany of College statiòn by Southside Development Company on April 4 a941 by deed recorded in Volume 1 IWEREAiS th a 0 of the Deed Records of Bsraz exas and herein by its Vice President Mrs Ethyl Walton Burgess and homas Henry Terrell and wife Mrs KatharineIZcKenna Terrell do here 110W impose and place the followil1g restric I of College Sbation Texas a corporatlol1atil1g tions upon Lots Nos One and Two of Block No Ten 10 Lots Nos Seven 7 to Elevel1 11 inclusive in Block No Nine 9 Lots Nos One 1 to Eighteen IS inclusive in lock A Lots Ol1e 1 to Eleven 11 inclusive in lock B Lots Nos One 1 to Nineteen d9inclusive In Block C and Lots One 1 to Tm 10 inclusive in Block D qf the Subdivision known as a Resubdivision of a portion of College Park to täe City of College STteaxtiaosn twoit 1 All of the Streets rwoaayds and walks as shown on plat of Resubdivision ot a page 151 of the Deed Reoords of Brazos Portion of College Park of record in Vol County Texas are ehbeyx deeddica for public use and mAintenance forever 2 All lots in the tract shall be known and described as residential lots and no structure shall be rected on any residential buildil1g plot other than one detached sil1gle garagfW not to exceed two stories in height and a one two or three oar 3 No building shall beeected placed or altered on any building plot in this subdivision until the external design and location ethoef have been approved in writing by the hnborehoodiCommittee which shall be appointed or elected by the owner or owners of a majority of the lots which are subject to the covenants herein set forth provided however that if such committee fails to approve or disapprove sueh desiØi and location within thirty days after such plans have been submitted to it or if no suit to enjoin the erection of such building or the making of such alterations has been com 5 No trailer basement tent shack garage barn or other outbuilding menced prior to the completion thereof such approval will not be required 4 There is hereby established a front building line twenty five 25 esetts and all buildings except garages located on real 5 teet from side lot 11nes except on corner lots s from the side street line in the tract shall at any time be used as a esidenoe temporarily or thell any structur ot a temporary character be used as a residence 6 Each individual buildil1g site must have a frontage ot at least 7 fect 7 OnlY people ot the white raoe shall ever be permitted to own said Addition and no property or any patt thereof shall ever cupied by any person or any other raoe than the white except raCeS may occupy quarters regularly and duly provided tor servants S None of place for the tor a period ot nninineety years from June 1 on upon said lot or property or shall anythil1g be done thereon which or became any annoyance or nuisance to the neighborhood 9 These covenants are to run with the land and shall be binding on all the parties all persons claiming under them until January 1 1968 at which time said covenants automatically extended for successive periods of ten years unless by a vote of y of the then owners ot the lots it is agreed to hange the said ooveD4nts in whole If the parties hereto or any of them or their heirs or assigns shall vtieol to violate any ot the covenants herein it shall be lawful for nny other person s1 said vision to pro covemants and either to prevent him or them from so doing or cues for such violation to recover 11 aI1idnation of anyone of these covenants by Judgment or court order shall in wise affect any of the other provisions which shall remain in full force and eff ct Witness our hands tis the 29th day of July AD1942 OAFJI1OOD LRTEJYI COO1ßPFANY COLLEGE STATION By Mrs Ethyl Walton Burgess Vice President Thomas HTerrell Mrs tharine McKenna Terrell BEFORE MEthe undersigned authorityon this day personallyapof Oakwood Realty Company ofCollege is me to be the person and subscribed tothe above and foregoing to acknowledgedtome that she executed thesame for the purposes and therein expressed and in the capacity therein stated Given under mJ hand and seal of office this the 29th day of AugustAD1942 Coulter Hoppess Coulter Hoppess Notary Public Brazos Oounty TOexFas TEXASIIBEFORE MEthe undersigned authorityon this day personally Thomas Henry Terrell and wife MrsYaMtchKaerninnea Terrell his wife both the persons whose names are subscribedtothe foregoing instrument and consideration said Mrs atharineIVcTKeernrenall acltnow and she declared that le had willingly considera tionexpressed and that she did and seal of office this the 10th day of SeptemberAD1942 Victoria Domini Victoria Dominik Notary Public Brazos Countya true copy ot the originalinatrument whichwas filed for record on1942 at 11 o calock amnd duly recorded onthe 26th day of Oct to whichIcertify 3 4 772 NOTE TCOOItIR I1ATTAL Z Z APPRO WED Priitogn TETAS DATE 4 nEener oPc D City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side C-1 APPENDIX C: ORAL HISTORY MEETING AGENDAS AND NOTES AGENDA City of College Station Historic Resources Survey Eastgate Neighborhood City Hall, College Station, Texas 6:00 PM I Introductions II Project Briefing by City III Survey Status by QMc III History Charrette Items to discuss: • Where did people in the neighborhood typically work? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood go to school? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood play? Now? • How did people in the neighborhood get around? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood shop and eat? Now? • What were the social and ethnic backgrounds of the people in the neighborhood? Now? • Were there any neighborhood traditions, i.e., parties, organizations? Now? • Who went to these parties, clubs, etc.? Now? • Did these associations change through time as the neighborhood aged? • Who lives in the neighborhood now? • What were the social and physical landmarks in the neighborhood? Now? • Who are the important people who lived here? Why are they important (in local, state, and national history)? Now? • Were Were there people who didn’t live here, but had influence on the neighborhood? Now? • Did any important events happen in the neighborhood? • What are the well-known or architecturally significant buildings in the neighborhood? • Was there anything important in the neighborhood that is no longer there? What happened to it? • Are there any other people that need to be contacted? • Are there private collections of materials that show the history of the neighborhood? • Are there any other history sources that need to be explored? MEETING NOTES College Station Historic Resources Survey Eastgate Neighborhood History Charrette City Hall, College Station, TX February 19, 2008 6:00 PM ATTENDING Molly Hitchcock, City of College Station Nancy McCoy, Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP (QMc) Nicky DeFreece Emery, QMc Boon Boling, QMc Penny Woodcock-Bane, Resident Kirk Bane, Resident Shawn Carlson, Resident Bill Lancaster, Resident Mary Lancaster, Resident Jennifer Fredericks, Resident/College Hills HOA ITEMS DISCUSSED 1) Where did people in the neighborhood typically work? Now? a) A&M was the major employer. Supporting business to the college also provided employment. 2) Where did people in the neighborhood go to school? Now? a) College Hills Elementary School opened in 1961. b) Prior to the opening of College Hills Elementary, school children first went to school in a building at the A&M campus. The grade and high schools were originally combined in one building that was located near where the arches are now on the quadrangle. This This building dated to 1921. The high school eventually moved out and was in Pfeiffer Hall next to the Corps area. In 1940 the schools moved to a location on George Bush. The high school is still located there. 3) Where did people in the neighborhood play? Now? a) Children from the Eastgate neighborhood played on campus, and roller skating was a popular activity. They also played at the Downs Natatorium at A&M when it was built in 1932. b) Thomas Park was an original design element of the neighborhood. It is the same size as designed. It was not well cared for until about 30 years ago. The pool there dates to around the 1960s or 1970s. The park has been well maintained, and the equipment and facilities are new. No historic benches, structures, etc. are present. c) Nearby recreation areas include Parkway Park on Munson, the Kiwanis Trail. d) Mary Lancaster noted that she attended Brownie day camp in the wooded area now located off of Munson near old horse stalls that are still present in that location. e) The current “sorority row” located just outside of the Eastgate area was formerly a wooded area where neighborhood children would play until the 1970s when the sorority houses were built. 4) How did people in the neighborhood get around? Now? a) Walking was popular in the neighborhood, but cars were prevalent during the time that the neighborhood was developed. 5) Where did people in the neighborhood shop and eat? Now? a) Most residents went to Bryan to do their shopping instead of staying in College Station. A Woolworths (now demolished) was located in Bryan. b) The Johnny Pruitt family owned a fabric store in the Eastgate shopping center, and Mrs. Pruitt owned a beauty shop. The (Johnny) Pruitt House in Eastgate was once owned by Mary Lancaster’s parents as part of a separate land sale; the house was sold, and has been extensively remodeled. c) The Eastgate Shopping Center is owned by Dr. Dorthea Robinson, a veterinarian. d) The (Ben) Lyles were also early merchants and were related to the Pruitts by marriage. e) Lou Patrinella ran a grocery store in the Eastgate Shopping Center. f) Dr. Walton, the son of A&M president Walton, practiced medicine in the yellow brick building next to the Eastgate Shopping Center. g) Jose Montemayer was an early restaurant owner, and had a restaurant in a converted house on Cooner Street. The restaurant has been relocated. 6) What were the social and ethnic backgrounds of the people in the neighborhood? Now? a) In reference to the African American neighborhood near Pearce and surrounding streets, it was noted that developers have come into the neighborhood and are building duplexes and much of the original community is vanishing. b) A&M drew a mix of professionals from all around the country. The people who lived here were rarely Texas natives. No concentration of ethnic groups (except for the African American areas) were noted in the neighborhood, including Mexican Americans. 7) Were there any neighborhood traditions, i.e., parties, organizations? Now? a) The neighborhood had bridge clubs. b) There was a campus study club. 8) Who went to these parties, clubs, etc.? Now? a) The bridge club was for married women. 9) Did these neighborhood associations change through time as the neighborhood aged? a) No information gathered. 10) Who lives in the neighborhood now? a) Investors started to purchase many of the smaller houses in Eastgate beginning in the 1970s. In the 1990s families began moving back to the neighborhood, especially around the park, but many of the smaller houses are currently occupied by students. 11) What were the social and physical landmarks in the neighborhood? Now? a) The modern house at the corner of Francis and Walton streets is the O.C. Cooper house. It was considered an “architectural marvel” when it was built. It is now owned by Phillip Garrett and is currently for sale. O. C. Cooper was a well-respected local doctor, and was the sideline doctor at Consolidated High School football games. 12) Who are the important people who lived here? Why are they important (in local, state, and national history)? Now? a) Mr. Lancaster noted that the Eastgate neighborhood was started by J. C. Culpepper in 1937. Culpepper bought the property knowing that A&M was going to end its program of campus housing for faculty and this would cause an “exodus” into the surrounding community. A few houses formerly located on the A&M campus were relocated to Eastgate. This was also combined with the opening of Texas Avenue in 1936. b) Jennifer Fredericks lives at 1006 Puryear, where geneticist Dr. Quisenberry experimented with hybrid trees in his back yard. The experimental trees are still on the lot. Jennifer is the second owner after Dr. Quisenberry. c) Richard Carter, an early resident/landowner, is buried at the far end of Francis Street. d) The Cooner and Putz families owned land in the neighborhood before it was developed. e) Senator Phil Graham lived in the long white house south of Holt Street. It is now owned by the Petticourts. f) Truman Jones built several houses in the area. 13) Were there people who didn’t live here, but had influence on the neighborhood? Now? a) No information gathered. 14) Did any important events happen in the neighborhood? a) It was popular for people in Eastgate to rent rooms to visitors when the campus was male-only. Female visitors to campus had few hotel choices when visiting their boyfriends who attended school. 15) What are the well-known or architecturally significant buildings in the neighborhood? a) The R. G. Reeves-Calhoun house is considered a landmark, and is located on Ashford Ashford Street. b) The Strawn house is located on Ashburn Street. Dr. Strawn was a famous biologist known for his work on water lilies. A pond was formerly located in front of the house, but has since been filled in. 16) Was there anything important in the neighborhood that is no longer there? What happened to it? a) Part of Lincoln High School (burned in 1968) remains and has been incorporated into the Lincoln Center buildings. b) The Methodist parsonage was located on the corner of Munson and Holt streets. Dr. Brannon and Bob Waters were among pastors who lived there. c) When George Bush was widened several smaller houses south of George Bush were demolished and/or relocated. Molly Hitchcock indicated that some of these houses may have been moved to Southside. d) A commercial building that was located on Tarrow Street (now a slab) may have originally been a grocery store, and was later a series of restaurants. It was demolished in recent years. 17) How has the neighborhood physically changed? a) The College Hills neighborhood ended at Williams Street. b) The original lots on Texas Avenue were zoned residential. In about the 1950s, these became commercial lots. c) The houses that were located on Cooner Street were on lots that extended back for some distance. Cooner was considered the end of the neighborhood. d) The area south of Holt Street called University Preserve was a wooded area until about five years ago. e) Eastgate has been trying to encourage the enforcement of deed restrictions in the last ten years. 18) Why do residents love this neighborhood? a) People love Eastgate because of: the trees, large lots, the park-focused design, walkable and kidfriendly streets, proximity to A&M and the ability to hear games and the band, kids playing nearby at school, the nostalgia of hearing the train whistle, the general peacefulness, the birds and other wildlife, and its general feeling. 19) Are there any other people that need to be contacted? a) Patricia Wainer is a neighborhood resident and may have knowledge of the community history. b) Sherry Williams (the first African American cheerleader that the Consolidated school ever elected). c) John Culpepper, the son of original College Hills developer J. C. Culpepper, remains in College Station. d) Coach Delly (an African American coach at Lincoln High School) and his wife still live in the area. e) The Pruitts’s son Glen is still in the area. f) Julie Garner was an educator at College Hills Elementary for many years and may have information about the school’s history. g) Gene & Lois King, residents since the 1950s. h) George Heubner. i) Helen Thomas, lives at the corner of Walton and Kyle streets; Thomas Park is named for her family. j) Mary Leland, was a local educator. k) Doxie Wooten, resident since the 1950s. l) Hugh and Kathryn Lindsay live at the corner of Walton and Harrington streets. Mr. Lindsay was a petroleum engineer with A&M. m) Mary Culpepper. n) Peggy Calahan (is on city staff) lives on Holt. o) Roy Hagler, neighborhood resident. p) Mary Jane (Munson) Hirsch (wife of Teddy Hirsch, now deceased) lives on Glade. Munson Street is named after the family. Her father was a civil engineer at A&M. 20) Are there private collections of materials that show the history of the neighborhood? a) Dr. Robinson may have photographs of the original shopping center. b) Mr. Lancaster has a photo collection that he may be willing to share. 21) Are there any other history sources that need to be explored? a) The history of College Hills Elementary can be found on the CSISD website. ADDITIONAL NOTES 1. Mr. Lancaster speculated that although it cannot be verified, the African American community near Lincoln Center (SOUTHSIDE) may have been an indirect result of the downfall of the nearby town of Millican, which at the end of the Civil War was the location of a yellow fever epidemic, causing many residents to flee to surrounding communities. Millican had once been the end of the railroad. 2. College Station was first developed in 1921. 3. In 1930, Herschell Burgess developed the Oakwood Addition, the second formal development in College Station after College Park (SOUTHSIDE). 4. Texas A&M University was founded in 1876. 5. The Southside Shopping Center (SOUTHSIDE) was built just before the incorporation of the city. Mr. Lancaster noted that this was because the developer wanted to build before any city code restrictions could be imposed. The shopping center contained a grocery store, a doctor’s office, Maidley Pharmacy, dentist Dr. Cathcart, and City of College Station offices. The City offices were later occupied by CRS. 6. The original 85-acre College Park subdivision was developed by five men, including Bill Lancaster’s father. 7. The city’s churches were originally all located along Church Street in Northgate, with the exception of the African American neighborhood. 8. A log cabin (SOUTHSIDE) located on Dexter Avenue was demolished. 9. In the 1960s Redmond Terrace was a popular shopping location in College Station. It contained a Brookshires, barber, beauty salon, Gibsons, and the College Station Post Office. It is now the site of Bed Bath & Beyond and Jason’s Deli. 10. On the west side of town, street improvements and renovations are occurring. 11. Anne (Fleming) Hays lives on Southside (SOUTHSIDE) and grew up there. She may have photos that she would be willing to share. 12. Sarah June Goode lives at The Knoll (SOUTHSIDE) and started University Title. If there are any corrections to this record, send in writing to QMc within two weeks. Prepared by Nicky DeFreece Emery AGENDA City of College Station Historic Resources Survey Southside Neighborhood College Station Conference Center, College Station, Texas 6:00 PM I Introductions II Project Briefing by City III Survey Status by QMc III History Charrette Items to discuss: • Where did people in the neighborhood typically work? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood go to school? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood play? Now? • How did people in the neighborhood get around? Now? • Where did people in the neighborhood shop and eat? Now? • What were the social and ethnic backgrounds of the people in the neighborhood? Now? • Were there any neighborhood traditions, i.e., parties, organizations? Now? • Who went to these parties, clubs, etc.? Now? • Did these associations change through time as the neighborhood aged? • Who lives in the neighborhood now? • What were the social and physical landmarks in the neighborhood? Now? • Who are the important people who lived here? Why are they important (in local, state, and national history)? Now? • Were there people who didn’t live here, but had influence on the neighborhood? Now? • Did any important events happen in the neighborhood? • What are the well-known or architecturally significant buildings in the neighborhood? • Was there anything important in the neighborhood that is no longer there? What happened to it? • Are there any other people that need to be contacted? • Are there private collections of materials that show the history of the neighborhood? • Are there any other history sources that need to be explored? MEETING TOPICS College Station Historic Resources Survey Southside Neighborhood History Charrette College Station Conference Center, College Station, TX March 31, 2008 6:00 PM ATTENDING Molly Hitchcock, City of College Station Nicky DeFreece Emery, Quimby McCoy Preservation Architecture, LLP (QMc) Ocie Walker, Resident Charles J. Opersteny, Resident Regina Opersteny, Resident Nancy Tiner, Resident Anne Boykin, City of College Station Hillary Jessup, Resident Bill Lancaster, Resident Mary Lancaster, Resident Valerie Woodcock, Resident David Woodcock, Resident, Historic Resources Survey Project Team Julie Schultz, Resident Jerry Cooper, Resident Henry Mayo, Resident MEETING NOTES I Project Briefing by City II Survey Status by QMc III Introductions and Neighborhood Affiliation • Charles Opersteny o Mr. Opersteny’s father Charles had a grocery store at Northgate called Luke and Charlie’s, one of four stores in Northgate built by Mr. Boyd. • Regina Opersteny, born in College Station o Mrs. Opersteny’s grandfather was a section foreman for the railroad, and her grandmother cooked for the railroad. The section house was located near where McDonald’s is now. They lived in the Leonard Road area on a farm after leaving the railroad. Her mother, a Gorrisky, was born where the Plaza is now. Mrs. Opersteny’s father was a Stetz. • Nancy (Reynolds) Tiner, lived on A&M campus until 2nd grade. o Nancy Tiner moved to 200 Pershing in 1943-1944. Her daughter is the fourth generation of her family in the house. She now lives at 1008 S. Dexter. • Anne Boykin o Ms. Boykin grew up at 1013 Winding Road. • Hillary Jessup o Ms. Jessup moved to College Station in 1971. Her mother bought the Rudder (Bailey) Home in 1976, and she moved into the house eight years ago. The house is now a B&B. • Valerie Woodcock o Mrs. Woodcock moved to College Station in 1964, and lived in a house on Dexter. • Bill Lancaster o Mr. Lancaster was born in College Station. His mother was a lawyer in town. He retired from A&M 25 years ago after 30 years there. • Mary Lancaster o Mrs. Lancaster came to College Station in 1950. • Julie Schultz o Ms. Schultz grew up at 1403 Glade, a house her parents built. • David Woodcock o Mr. Woodcock came to College Station in 1962, where he first lived in a garage apartment behind the Fagan House. • Jerry Cooper o Mr. Cooper came to College Station in 1971. He wrote for the A&M Alumni Magazine for 31 years. He lives at 602 Bell Street, which he notes has a basement where the original owner Dr. Schelesselman tanned hides. Mr. Cooper brought a ca. 1930 aerial view and a 1929 bird’s eye view of College Station to share. • Henry Mayo o Mr. Mayo was born here in 1963. His father came here in 1954 and operated a survey business with Joe Orr. • Ocie Walker, age 83, born in College Station and grew up in Southside o Mrs. Walker’s grandfather was Wash Williams, a long time resident and well known throughout the neighborhood. He was friends with the Langfords and Brisons, and often visited there at Christmas time. Her mother and auntie worked in the Langord and Brison households. Her auntie’s house (Lizzie and John Wallace house) was on the site of Mrs. Helen Pugh’s house. III History Charrette ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION 1) Where did people in the neighborhood typically work? Now? Many residents were A&M faculty. Some African American residents mentioned by Ocie Walker (namely, her mother and auntie) worked for Southside residents Brison and Langford. 2) Where did people in the neighborhood go to school? Now? A&M Consolidated and Lincoln. Before Lincoln was built, African American children attended grammar school at St. Matthews church, then went to Kemp in Bryan after 8th grade. When Lincoln burned, it was noted that some African American teachers were absorbed into Consolidated as assistants, but at lower pay. Several teachers abandoned the profession at that time. 3) Where did people in the neighborhood play? Now? “Billy Goat’s Gruff” at Dexter Park. Holick’s Grocery on County Road, which was one of the places that white and African American children could play together. Kids would gather at the baseball field concession stand between Luther Street and Park Place. A golf course was located south of Park Place. The Middle School. Before it was drained in the 1930s people used the lake at Dexter Park for boating and fishing. Mr. Lancaster noted that Mrs. FB Clark (wife of the developer advocating it being drained) sat on the dam with a butcher knife in protest. 4) How did people in the neighborhood get around? Now? An interurban railroad extended from College Station to Bryan near Cherry Street. Students would use the interurban to go shopping, and women would come to campus to visit their boyfriends on the interurban. Children regularly rode their bikes to the Southside Shopping Center. 5) Where did people in the neighborhood shop and eat? Now? Charles Opersteny’s father Charlie (along with Luke [last name unknown]) had a grocery store in Northgate. Holick’s Grocery. The Southside Shopping Center held the offices of Dr. Cathcart (Dentist), CRS, and Joe Orr (surveyor and City Council member in 1938), and a cleaners. Pruitt’s Fabric Store Madeley’s Pharmacy. Doctor Andre’s office was located where Aggieland Outfitters is now. It was noted that African Americans were able to shop at the same stores as whites. 6) What were the social and ethnic backgrounds of the people in the neighborhood? Now? Much of the Southside area was originally home to African American residents. Ed Hrdlicka owned much of this land, including the Lincoln Center area, he then created a development in the area of the “State Streets” and sold lots to African Americans, many of whom had lived on the land he had developed for white residents in other Southside areas. Ocie Walker stated that her Auntie’s house was located on the site where Mrs. Helen Pugh’s house was later built at 601 Fairview. Much of the Southside Neighborhood was reflective of the A&M Community, with residents coming from all over the United States. No concentration of immigrants from outside the United States was noted, nor were many Jewish residents. 7) Were there any neighborhood traditions, i.e., parties, organizations? Now? There was at one time a Billy Goat Neighborhood Association, named after Dexter Park’s nickname. The 4th of July was a big event at A&M Consolidated. A&M Consolidated and Lincoln football games were traditions. A&M hosted book clubs and campus study groups. At Easter, Luke and Charlie’s store hosted Easter Egg hunts for faculty children. Mrs. Kitty Whirley (who lived at Dexter and Winding Road) recuited neighborhood kids to go to the Lincoln School area and teach in a head start reading program. 8) Who went to these parties, clubs, etc.? Now? Specific question not discussed. 9) Did these neighborhood associations change through time as the neighborhood aged? Item not discussed. 10) Who lives in the neighborhood now? A mix of long time residents, faculty, and students. 11) What were the social and physical landmarks in the neighborhood? Now? Fred Weick had a landing Strip off of Winding Road near the “Alamo House” (the Longley House). Holick’s vegetable garden (and mule). St. Matthews Church located on Holleman. Ms. Boykin noted that she has fond memories of music from the churches on Holleman on Sundays. Washington Chapel, located across Texas Avenue. Concrete street markers, few of which are still extant. Mr. Cooper noted that many were thrown away. St. Thomas Episcopal Church. Water tower. 12) Who are the important people who lived here? Why are they important (in local, state, and national history)? Now? Ed Hrdlicka was noted as a major landowner in the Southside area. Fred Weick. U. S. Congressman Olin E. Teague, who lived at 510 Ayrshire. Eddie Chew was the first African American to have a brick house in town. He lived in front of the church; he was killed in a house fire in 1967. Ernest and Mathilda Jones owned the Raintree property by Krenek Tap Road and the area where the Church of Christ sits. They worked at A&M Consolidated. 13) Were there people who didn’t live here, but had influence on the neighborhood? Now? No information given. 14) Did any important events happen in the neighborhood? A noted event was when a train derailed at Wellborn Road in Northgate in 1938 because of dirt on the tracks. 15) What are the well-known or architecturally significant buildings in the neighborhood? Notable houses include: Dr. Clark’s house (85 acres) Pinky Downes/Scoates House C. W. Burchard House at 800 Dexter Lancaster House at 802 Dexter 808 Dexter Little House at 806 Dexter Silvey House Curtis and Rosetta Cheek’s house, which was sawn in half when they divorced. Anderson House at Guernsey and Fairview Streets McNeil Home Hrdlicka House at 1209 Eleanor. Also mentioned were 1015 Fairview and 912 Eleanor, which was sold to the City of College Station). W. T. Reidel Home at 300 Timber (former superintendent of schools). (Submitted via e-mail after meeting.) Reverend Anderson Home next door to 300 Timber to the south (minister at A&M Methodist Church). Reverend Anderson kept homing pigeons and swings where children would play. (Submitted via e-mail after meeting.) Daniels Scoates House at 401 Dexter (one of five members of the Southside Development Company, developer of College Park subdivision and founding member of St. Thomas Episcopal Church). (Submitted via e-mail after meeting.) 16) Was there anything important in the neighborhood that is no longer there? What happened to it? Dr. Clark’s log cabin was located on Dexter. It was demolished. Several homes owned by African Americans and St. Matthew’s church were located where the Little League baseball field is located located at W. A. Tarrow Park. A bar/store was located on Luther Street. The railroad section house was located near where McDonald’s is located. It was not discussed why it was demolished. Mr. Holick’s house was located on the site where Checker’s is now; his daughter still lives on the corner. 17) How has the neighborhood physically changed? An increasing number of students have moved in, and several of the driveways have multiple cars in the driveway. Residents noted that the care of some property has declined. Residents noted that the area hasn’t changed much in the last 30 years. Mrs. Walker noted that she witnessed many of the houses being built, and noted that the area was formerly mostly rural. There were farms across the railroad tracks, including the Shimbarrel’s farm on Welborn Road. 18) Why do residents love this neighborhood? Specific question not discussed. 19) Are there any other people that need to be contacted? Mike Luther Suzanne Davis Pledger 20) Are there private collections of materials that show the history of the neighborhood? Item not discussed. 21) Are there any other history sources that need to be explored? Item not discussed. 22) Other items: Bill and Mary Lancaster built several houses (seven in all, including 303 Dexter #A) after women were admitted to A&M. Prior to this, they housed female students in their home to help alleviate the housing shortage for females. Holleman was known as County Road. Southside was a Post-World War II subdivision. University Drive was known as Sulphur Springs Road; the railroad tracks were located there. George Bush was known as Jersey Road. Glade Street was once the city limits of College Station. Eleanor and Mildred were Ed Hrdlicka’s daughters, and he named these streets after them. If there are any corrections to this record, send in writing to Quimby McCoy within two weeks. Prepared by Nicky DeFreece Emery, Architectural Conservator and Historian. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side D-1 APPENDIX D: SAMPLE SURVEY FORMS Field Form Residential Building Surveyor: Date Surveyed: Post 1970 (No Survey Performed) Address: CAD ID Number: Photograph Numbers: City: County: Neighborhood: CAD Date: CAD Modification Date: Est. Date (if different): Legal Description: Building Class: Owner: Historic Name: Architect/Builder: Historic Use: Present Use: Owner Occupied: Property Type: Property Subtype: Integrity of: location design setting materials workmanship association feeling May meet NRHP Criteria for individual listing Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Criterion D N/A Previous Designations: NR RTHL HABS Local Other Description of Designations: DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING: Stylistic Influence: Folk Vernacular Unknown Other: _________________ Victorian Folk Victorian Queen Anne Eclectic Colonial Revival Georgian Revival Federal Revival Neoclassical Tudor Revival Italianate Spanish Eclectic Prairie School Craftsman Four Square Eclectic (Continued) Moderne Art Deco International Style Greek Revival Gothic Revival Modern Minimal Traditional Traditional Minimal Ranch Traditional Ranch Massed Ranch Modern (Continued) Split Level Bi-Level Shed Modular/Mobile Populist Modern Miesian Wrightian Contemporary Late International Builder Modern Neo-Eclectic Stories: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Other: ______ Building Condition: Excellent Good Fair Poor Ruins Other Structures: Non-original and non-sympathetic Original sympathetic Non-original and sympathetic Other: __________________________ Other Structure Type: Garage Shed Barn Garage apartment Other: ___________________________ Other Structure Location: Rear Front Side Other: ______________________ Comments and Additional Description: Field Form Commercial Building Surveyor: Date Surveyed: Post 1970 (No Survey Performed) Address: CAD ID Number: Photograph Numbers: City: County: Neighborhood: CAD Date: CAD Modification Date: Est. Date (if different): Legal Description: Building Class: Owner: Historic Name: Architect/Builder: Historic Use: Present Use: Owner Occupied: Property Type: Property Subtype: Integrity of: location design setting materials workmanship association feeling May meet NRHP Criteria for individual listing Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Criterion D N/A Designations NR RTHL HABS Local Other Description of Designations: DESCRIPTION OF BUILDING: Form/Massing: Two-Part Commercial Block One-Part Commercial Block Enframed Window Wall Stacked Vertical Block Two-Part Vertical Block Three-Part Vertical Block Temple Front Vault Enframed Block Central Block with Wings Arcaded Block Pre-engineered Warehouse Irregular Strip Mall Other: ____________________ Stories: 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 Other: _________ Stylistic Influence: Vernacular Unknown None Other: _____________________ Eclectic Tudor Art Nouveau Art Deco Craftsman Art Moderne Modern International Style Populist Modern Miesian Ranch New Formalism Googie/Populuxe Articulated Frame Wrightian Contemporary Neo-Expressionist Corporate Modern Brutalist Late International Builder Modern Neo-Eclectic Post Modern Building Condition: Excellent Good Fair Poor Ruins Other Structures: Non-original and non-sympathetic Original sympathetic Non-original and sympathetic Other: __________________________ Other Structure Type: Garage Shed Other: ___________________________ Other Structure Location: Rear Front Side Other: _________________ Comments and Additional Description: Field Form Landscape/Vacant Land Surveyor: Date Surveyed: Post 1970 (No Survey Performed) Address: CAD ID Number: Photograph Numbers: City: County: Neighborhood: CAD Date: CAD Modification Date: Est. Date (if different): Legal Description: Building Class: Owner: Historic Name: Architect/Builder: Historic Use: Present Use: Owner Occupied: Property Type: Property Subtype: Integrity of: location design setting materials workmanship association feeling May meet NRHP Criteria for individual listing Criterion A Criterion B Criterion C Criterion D N/A Designations NR RTHL HABS Local Other Description of Designations: DESCRIPTION OF LANDSCAPE: Type of Object or Landscape: Vacant Land Outdoor Recreation Park Other: _______________________ Additional Description: City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side E-1 APPENDIX E: SURVEY DATA AND SPREADSHEET KEY (SURVEY DATA PROVIDED ON CD) City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix E E-2 Survey Spreadsheet Key Each row of the spreadsheet contains information specific to a parcel within the survey limits provided by the city of College Station. The columns contain data pertaining to each of the parcels. The information within the columns is described in Appendix E, Table 1. Note that in some cases, structures located in the field did not have ID numbers listed in the Brazos CAD. In these cases, the cell is populated with “none listed” or “unknown.” Also note that when the structures or landscape elements on the parcels post-date 1970, the information in each field is limited. In these cases, the cell is populated with “no data collected.” Appendix E, Table 1. Survey Spreadsheet Codes Field Name* Definition CAD ID (PROP_ID) The unique identifier for each parcel, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Address (SITUSNO) The street address number of each parcel, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Street The name of the street where the parcel is located, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Street Address (SITUS) The complete street address of each parcel, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. City The city in which the parcel is located. County The county in which the parcel is located. Owner (OWNERNAME) The owner of the property, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Owner Occupied (Owner_Occ_) Whether the owner of the property is also the current resident (where applicable), as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. CAD Date (YEARBUILT 1) The date shown as the first date of construction according to the records of the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College College Station. Note that some parcels do not have a construction date listed in the Brazos CAD; in these cases, the cell is populated with “none listed.” Secondary Date (YEARBUILT) A secondary construction date (indicating a modification of the original structure), or in some cases, only construction date listed in the records of the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Note that some parcels do not have a secondary construction date listed in the Brazos CAD; in these cases, the cell is populated with “none listed.” Est. Date The construction date of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as estimated by surveyors in the field. This field was only populated when the Brazos CAD did not contain a construction date, or in the professional opinion of the surveyors, the Brazos CAD date appeared to be incorrect. In all other cases, this cell is populated with “N/A.” Construction Decade The decade in which the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel was constructed. Legal Description (LEGAL) The legal description of the parcel, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Neighborhood The neighborhood in which the parcel is located. Square Footage (LANDSIZEFT) The square footage of the parcel, as identified by the Brazos CAD. This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Class (IMPCLASS) The code used by the Brazos CAD to identify the primary building’s class (construction type and quality). This information was supplied by the city of College Station. Class (IMPCLASS) [text] The primary building’s class (construction type and quality), as identified by the Brazos CAD. The class code was supplied by the city of College Station, and the surveyors used information supplied on the Brazos CAD website to interpret these codes into text. Photo Number The unique photo number(s) for each building surveyed, as assigned by the surveyors. This number is used in Appendix F to identify each photo graph. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix E E-3 Appendix E, Table 1. Survey Spreadsheet Codes Field Name* Definition Historic Name Where applicable, the historic name of the primary structure or landscape element. This information was identified during the historic research phase of the project. Architect/Builder The name of the architect, designer, and builder, when known. These are indicated by the letters (A), (D), and (B) after the name of the individual or firm. This information was identified during the historic research phase of the project. Historic Use The historic use of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as identified in the field. Present Use The current use of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as identified in the field. Property Type The property type of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as identified in the field and in accordance with the guidelines for identification set forth by the National Park Service (1997). Property Subtype The property subtype of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as identified in the field and in accordance with the guidelines for identification set forth by the National Park Service (1997). Integrity Retained The historic integrity retained by the individual structure or landscape element. These aspects of integrity are identified as: location, design, setting, materials, workmanship, association, and feeling by the National Park Service (1998). NRHP Criteria A preliminary assessment of the potential for the individual structure or landscape element on the parcel to be listed in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) on an individual level. These criteria are identified by the letter codes used by the National Park Service (1998) and the National Historic Preservation Act, as follows: (A) indicates that the structure may potentially be eligible for its association with historic events; (B) indicates that it may potentially be eligible for its association with a significant person; (C) indicates that it may potentially be eligible for its design or construction; and (D) indicates that it may potentially be eligible for its information potential. These preliminary assessments are based on the information gathered during the windshield survey, or during the historic research phase of the project. Additional research would need to occur to confirm the eligibility of these resources. Surveyor The initials of the surveyor who recorded the parcel in the field. Date Surveyed The date that the parcel was recorded in the field. Previous Designation The type historic designation previously given to the building on the parcel, where applicable. This information was identified during the historic research phase of the project. Description of Previous Designation The specific designation previously given to the building on the parcel, where applicable. This information was identified during the historic research phase of the project. Style The architectural style of the primary structure on the parcel, as identified in the field. Stylistic Period The stylistic period in which the primary structure on the parcel was built, as identified in the field. Form/Massing For commercial buildings, the predominant form of the building, as identified in the field. Number of Stories The number of stories of the primary structure on the parcel, as identified in the field. Appropriateness of Other Structures Indicates whether any support structures on the parcel (i.e., detached garages, sheds, detached carports, etc.) are original to the period of construction of the primary structure and whether or not they are sympathetic to the design of the primary structure, as identified in the field. Other Structure Types Indicates they type of support buildings or structures on the parcel, as identified in the field. Other Structure Locations Indicates where on the parcel, in relation to the primary building, other structures are located, as identified in the field. Condition The condition of the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel, as identified in the field. Categories used are: excellent (no visible structural or cosmetic deterioration and maintenance is clearly performed), good (very little visible deterioration and maintenance is consistently performed), fair (defining features are intact and display the original intent of the builder or architect, but the resource is not regularly maintained), poor (displays little structural integrity, maintenance is not clearly performed, and the defining features are not present), and ruins (displays no structural integrity, or is in a state of collapse). City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix E E-4 Appendix E, Table 1. Survey Spreadsheet Codes Field Name* Definition Type of Object or Landscape Indicates the type of object or landscape on the parcel, when it is not occupied by buildings. Post-1970 Whether the primary structure or landscape element on the parcel post-dates 1970. Comments Any additional information about the parcel or elements located on the parcel. *Note that the information in parentheses is the title of the data supplied by the city of College Station through the Brazos CAD. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix E E-5 Inventory tables of resources are provided on the attached CD. City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side F-1 APPENDIX F: PHOTOGRAPHS (PHOTOGRAPHS PROVIDED ON CD) City of College Station Resources Survey: Eastgate and South Side Appendix F F-2 Digital photographs of resources are provided on the attached CD.