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Home My WebLink AboutAggie Women Early Students_William Page1 Women Students at Texas A&M: The 1870s to 1962 compiled by Bill Page 29 March 2022 w-page@library.tamu.edu Introduction No adequate history of women students at Texas A&M for the school’s first ninety years exists. Official enrollment of women did not begin to be implemented until 1963. However, from the earliest days of the college, employees' daughters were allowed to take classes with special permission. The first students known by name are three members of the Hutson family in the 1890s – Ethel, Sophie and Mary – but in the late 1890s President Foster wrote that the practice of allowing members of professors’ families to take classes dated from the 1870s. Various proposals concerning coeducation were made in the 1890s. One idea was to establish a college for women in College Station as an “annex” to Texas A&M. This was part of a statewide campaign to create a state college for women. This movement culminated with the opening of the Girl’s Industrial College in Denton in 1903. This institution eventually became Texas Woman’s University. For more information, see Appendix B: Coeducation Proposals in the 1890s. The Board of Directors stopped the admission of women as special students in 1925, only to revive it briefly in the 1930s. During World War II, A&M went to a tri-semester schedule for classes and stopped offering summer school. It offered a number of classes supporting defense related skills, many of which were open to women. See Appendix C for more details. After World War II, student wives were allowed to take special "extension" classes for a few years. That practice ceased around the time the Korean War began. Local residents have told me – but I have not found documentation – that in the 1950s, African Americans and women stationed at Bryan Air Base were allowed to take the classes Texas A&M offered base personnel. In 1958, the controversy over co-education became red hot. For details, see Appendix D: Events of 1958. A&M sponsored the organization of a Texas Farmers' Congress, which met annually on the campus each summer between 1898 and 1915. These meetings included presentations by and for women. The first summer classes were held in 1900. No more were held until 1909, when the Texas legislature passed a law mandating that A&M offer summer classes for "teachers" (no gender specified). Campus administrators interpreted this law as requiring coeducational summer classes. This was a logical result of the daughters of campus and 2 area residents coming home from out-of-town colleges during summers and the fact that no military organizations were active during the summer months. We know little about summer schools until 1939 when the Battalion began publishing summer issues. Classes must have been radically different, without the Corps but with the presence of women in classrooms. And, the summer schools necessitated the first on-campus housing for female students, before World War I. In addition to coursework for credit, A&M hosted a variety of non-credit courses during summers, including the Texas Farmers' Congresses (dating from the 1890s) and various short courses, all of which increased the number of women on campus. In the early 1900s, the college also offered correspondence courses dealing with non-academic instruction relating to farm related issues. In this work, I have focused on records that document women attending Texas A&M. Newspapers and other sources provide more information on their activities while attending classes. These references are only a sampling of the available materials. I doubtlessly have missed many newspaper articles. The Registrar may have official records. There likely are other records in the Cushing Memorial Library. And, relatives of the women who attended classes no doubt have materials which would greatly enrich this narrative. Appendix A includes some obituaries and brief biographies of women who attended Texas A&M before 1963. In several cases the exact dates that they took classes is not known. 3 Table of Contents Women Students at Texas A&M Appendix A: Obituaries and Biographies of Former Students Appendix B: Coeducation Proposals in the 1890s Appendix C: War Related Non-Academic Courses Offered During World War I Appendix D: Events of 1958 4 Women Students at Texas A&M Date Number enrolled Source 1870s? The article reprints a letter from L.L. Foster (president of A&M) which states in part, " ... I beg to state that there is nothing in the organic law of the A. & M. College to prevent the admission of girls on equal terms with boys, and I am informed that when the college was first organized a few girls who resided on the campus and were related to the professors were admitted ..." "Girls at the A. and M.," Houston Daily Post, 7 June 1899, page 10 1876 “The Committee appointed for that purpose by the Senate resolution adopted May 19, 1876, have visited the premises of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas, and have carefully examined the buildings, grounds and plans thereof, and ask leave to make the following Report … The committee are of the opinion that the college should be open to both sexes. The endowment was intended for all.” Journal of the Senate of Texas, 15th Legislature, 1st Session, Galveston: Shaw & Blaylock, 1876, pages 307-311 1876 "The faculty, those venerable and fat and lean old gentlemen chosen, and wisely too, to educate young men and women at Bryan, are mightily bothered about that great college building with the chapel in the cock loft." Weekly Democratic Statesman, (Austin), 24 August 1876, page 2 1893?-1895 At least 1. "...Even some of our photographs – those illustrating the article "Down the Line" – were done by Mrs. J.H. Connell, wife of our professor of agriculture. And while we do not have coeducation here, as at the University, yet Miss Hutson has been a lecture-student for the past two years, and is counted an honorary member of the class of '95 ...." 1895 Olio, page 12 1899-1903 The coeducation barrier at the A&M College of Texas was broken in 1899, two years before the bid by Bryan citizens to merge the proposed state industrial school for girls with A&M was rejected by the Legislature. Mary and Sophie Hutson, popularly known as the Hutson Twins while studying at A&M, were enrolled in the fall of 1899 to attend classes during the regular session. Daughters of C. W. Hutson, longtime professor of English and history, the girls enrolled in the engineering curriculum and remained in school for four years. They were active in social “All Male Status Broken as Hutson Twins Enroll,” Battalion, 16 February 1966, page 1 5 functions and are credited with being the first to place before the senior class the question of publishing a student-operated year book. The 1903 Longhorn, then the college yearbook, said the Twins ‘have availed themselves of the course of instruction in the Technical Departments of the College and are now doing senior work, in which they will receive certificates at Commencement, 1903.’ But the girls, although both fulfilled all requirements for graduation, were not granted a diploma. It was not the fashion of that time to award degrees to females.” 1899-1903 “While the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College is not nor ever has been a coeducational school, Miss Mary Lockett Hutson and Miss Sophie Palmer Hutson, daughters of Charles Woodward Hutson, for 15 years professor of history at the Texas institution, took the work in the civil engineering department and completed the course leading to a B. S. degree … and when the Hutson family moved to New Orleans, Miss Mary Lockett took a position with a big firm of contracting engineers … As a student of the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College the Hutson twins enjoyed a unique distinction. Courses that were far easier than the civil engineering were offered. They entered in 1899 and took the four years courses. During that time they carried transits, solved differentials, calculated stresses, made drawings to satisfy the demands of an assistant professor of architecture and drawing and danced at every ‘hop.’ Equal to any of the cadets in their classes they were more than a match for them at the dances.” “Is to be Household Engineer,” Houston Post, 21 September 1913, page 37. Includes a photo of Mrs. Mary Lockett Hutson Coleman. 1899-1903 “The records of this time make mention of ‘The Twins,’ Misses Mary and Sophie Hutson, who were probably the first girl students to attend A&M. At the time of the publication of the first Long Horn (1903), they were doing senior work in the technical departments of the college and expected to receive certificates at commencement. To them is due the honor of having first suggested to the Senior class the idea of getting out a college annual, and they are said to have done considerable work themselves on the publication.” Burges, Austin, “Local History of A. & M. College,” Battalion, 10 March 1915, page 3 6 1899 "We heartily welcome the young ladies that have entered our school. Their presence certainly makes the time pass much faster and adds a vast amount of pleasure to our college days. We are hearty supporters of co-educational institutes, for man derives more good from the company of one refined lady than from any other source. No worthier gift can man receive, No grander vision can he see, No greater joy can e'er be his, Than woman's fair nobility.” [Presumably written about the Hutson twins, and the earliest editorial position on coeducation by the Battalion I have seen.] Battalion, September/October 1899, page 4 1899 "From Hutson Twins" ... "We wish to correct the impression that we were regular students there. We were considered 'courtesy students', attending classes only through the courteous consent of the individual professors who taught us ... We could not have been granted a degree, nor a certificate, even if the Legislature had changed the status of the college. This fact has kept us from being accepted as members of the American Association of University Women ...." "Letter to the Editor," Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 March 1958, page 4 1900 – Summer "The several courses of instruction will be open to all students, male and female on equal terms ... Of the five electrically lighted dormitories, one or more, in charge of a matron, will be set apart for the use and benefit of the ladies in attendance .... [signed] L. L. Foster." "Summer School," Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 April 1900, page 2 1900 – Summer "Arrangements for the summer normal at the A. and M. College are now being rapidly perfected. Foster Hall, which, under charge of a matron, will be set aside for the use of the ladies in attendance ...." Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 May 1900, page 4 1900 - Summer “Foster Hall, the handsome new 55-room building, which is under the charge of a matron, will be set aside for the ladies in attendance, is already being supplied with furniture.” “Farmer’s Congress,” Democrat (McKinney), 31 May 1900, page 3 1900 – Summer "Miss Mamie Halley of the Dallas public schools will have the subject of methods in the primary grades. Miss Halley has established an eminently favorable reputation in her line of work and the management are to be congratulated in securing her services." "A. & M. College," Galveston Tribune, 2 June 1900, page 4 7 1900 – Summer This article includes the names of the first persons to register for the summer normal session, including 26 single women ("Miss") and 3 married women ("Mrs."). People attending included Miss Mary Ada Board, Bryan; Miss Mary E. Spann, Millican; Miss Philena Jones, Platonia; Mrs. Robbie Beck, College Station; Miss Helen Smith, Mexia; Miss Anna Lightfoot, Hawkins; Miss Cornelia Vance, Navasota; Miss Chrystabel Montgomery, Brunner; Miss Elinor MacDonald, Houston; Miss Charlotte M. O. Stoddard, Bryan; Miss Amy Ransom, Harvey; Miss Nezzie Keisler, Huntsville; Miss Lizzie Fay Grissett, Iola; Miss Julia Cobb, Cross; Miss Betty Grandy, Wellborn; Mrs. R. Abrahams, New Braunfels; Miss Georgia White, Bryan; Miss Birdie White, Corsicana; Miss Mary Minkert, Bryan; Miss Ellender Smoot, College Station; Miss Anna Dearing, Bryan; Miss Edna Foster, College Station; Mrs. M. N. Cavitt, Wheelock; Miss Tilley Yardley, Franklin; Miss Lizzie Suber, College Station; Miss Eva Fraim, Milano; Miss Mattie Dodson, Waco; Miss Ophelia Grissett, Iola; and Miss Carrie Dugelby, Forney. "The Summer School," Bryan Daily Eagle, 22 June 1900, page 2. 1900 – June "Miss Helen Smith left on the noon train for College Station, where she will attend a normal school for a month of six weeks." Evening News (Mexia), 18 June 1900, page 1 1900 – Summer “Miss Chrystabel Montgomery, an attendant of the summer normal, is visiting friends in Bryan.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 July 1900, page 2 1900 – Summer “Messrs. T. W. and E. J. Beard and Miss Georgia White of Wixon are attending the Summer normal.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 July 1900, page 4 1900 – Summer "Miss Nezie Keister of Huntsville and Miss Phelina Jones of Flatonia, who have been attending the summer normal at College Station, and also spent a few days here with friends, left last night for Huntsville." Daily Examiner (Navasota), 17 July 1900, page 4 1901 “Another early coed was Emma Watkins Fountain, daughter of Professor Charles P. Fountain, later head of the Department of English. She was admitted in the fall of 1901 and studied German with the junior class, French and mathematics with the sophomore class and physics with the freshmen. Emma never finished course work at A&M – in fact, the college refused her credit for any of the courses she “All Male Status Broken as Hutson Twins Enroll,” Battalion, 16 February 1966, page 1 8 completed. President David F. Houston left A&M to take a position at the University of Texas in 1905, and when he took up his new post he told her the University would accept credit for her A&M courses. So She transferred to Texas in the spring of 1905 and was graduated in 1907. She married Dr. R. P. Marsteller, second dean of the A&M College of Veterinary Medicine, and lives today in Bryan. Mrs. Marsteller recalls that male students treated her and the Hutson Twins with courtesy during their careers at A&M. ‘They were very nice to me and all of the girls,’ she said. ‘The boys realized there was no place else for us to go, and they seemed to be glad to have us.’ ” 1901 – Summer [The published proceedings of the other annual meetings are also available, although not abstracted in this document.] Papers presented included: "Industrial Training for Girls," "Miss Ney," Austin "Women's Work in Orchard and Garden," Miss Kirkpatrick, McKinney "Essentials of Profitable Dairying," Mrs. Walter Verah, Palestine "Thoroughbred Poultry on the Farm," Mrs. Alice Mcnulty, Circleville "Influence of the Artistic and Ideal in the Home," Mrs. Alma ORgain "Home Sanitation, Hygiene and Health," Dr. Ellen Lawson Dabbs "Child Gardening," Mrs. W. I. Hamlet, Alvin "Pin Money for the Housewife, How Much and Whence?", Mrs. M. W. Harold, Cleburne "Primary Industrial Training for Children," Mrs. C. I. Swan, Normans "The Lares and Penates, Pots and Pans, Their Use and Abuse," Mrs. Rebecca Henry Hays, Alvin "Pleasures and Profits of Floriculture," Mrs. M. B. Davis, Waco Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Session of the Texas Farmers' Congress Held at the Agricultural and Mechanical College … 1901 "College Station … Miss Ney of Austin, who has gained an enviable reputation as a teacher of young women along the lines of industrial training, will address the general section of this congress on the subject of industrial training for girls. A great deal of interest has already been "Farmers' Congress Notes," Houston Post, 21 July 1901, page 13 9 manifested in the women's industrial section of the congress and this lecture will add a great deal to the present knowledge of the subject. Miss Ney's address will be of especial interest to the large number of people in Texas who are now taking such an active interest in industrial education for girls." 1902/1903 At least 3. Emma W. Fountain; Mary and Sophie Hutson. 1903 Longhorn 1902-1904? Talk by Mrs. R. P. (Emmie Fountain) Marsteller, the daughter of Rev. Charles Perkins Fountain, who served two years as Baptist chaplain; she was "one of the few young women ever to attend A&M College.” “’If you think the telephone situation is bad now,’ the speaker pointed out, ‘you should have been on the campus in the early days when there were only five lines. Three of the instruments were in college offices, two in private homes. We were one of the unfortunate ones to have a phone and we were constantly carrying messages.’” "Early Aggies Used Bathing Equipment for Dual Purpose," Battalion, 22 September 1949, page 1. 1904 Alumni Personals ... Miss Emma Fountain has resumed her studies at the College. Battalion, 8 October 1904, page 3 1905 – Summer College Station, Tex., July 27 – Miss Bessie Kerr of Sherman, Miss Marguerite Munson of Denison, Miss Corrine Carson of College Station, Miss Gladys Boyett of College Station, Miss Hessie Clough of Austin and Miss Beatrice Herne of Bryan compose a sextet of young misses taking a deep and intelligent interest in the proceedings of the Farmers' Congress. For charming beauty, graceful accomplishments and fascinating manners a more perfect bevy of young ladies could not be found in any land, and the reporter delights to tip his hat to them, especially as they wore the badge of The Galveston News and were ever ready to speak kind words for the great Texas daily. Galveston Daily News, 28 July 1905, page 9 1905 – July Miss Meta Hillje and Miss Helen Buller attended The Farmers’ Congress at A. & M. College this week. Alvin Sun, 28 July 1905, page 4 1905 – fall “College Station .. Misses Frances and Esther Davis are members of the freshman class at the college this year. They will probably never become practical engineers or farmers, but it is Houston Post, 8 October 1905, page 36 10 freely predicted that they will press the cadets hard for class honors.” 1905 –fall 2. "The Agricultural and Mechanical College has two young lady students – Misses Esther and Frances Davis. They are step-daughters of Prof. Nagle and will make the best students in the freshmen class work hard to outrank them..." "A. and M. College," Houston Post, 15 October 1905, page 33. 1908 At least 1; Miss Emmie Fountain "royally entertained" members of Mardi Circle club; they played "progressive high five"; also mentions Miss Corine Carson, "one of the campus girls." [It is not clear whether Carson was attending classes.] "Social and Club Matters," Bryan Daily Eagle, 22 November 1908, page 5 1909 – Summer "Ladies who attend the summer normal will have exceptional facilities for comfort. Goodwin Hall, the new dormitory, will be in charge of a matron and will be at the disposal of ladies. It is a comfortable building, large, airy and well lighted." "Work Done at A. & M. Summer Normal: College Wants Closer Touch with Teachers," Austin Statesman, 31 May 1909, page 2 1909 – Summer All teachers were male but "Mrs. Margaret Gabbert" was "matron" "A. & M. Summer School and Normal," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 17 June 1909, page 5 1909 – Summer “The summer normal classes have been augmented by about a dozen of the lady teachers of Bryan, who ride out every morning, returning at night.” [It is not clear whether they were teachers or students.] “Summer School On,” Houston Post, 18 June 1909, page 7 1909 – Summer “College Station, Texas, July 3. By common consent and apparently with no suggestion by any one, the co-eds who are attending the summer normal school at the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas have adopted a uniform hat which they are wearing on the campus at College Station. One comfort about the summer school at the Agricultural and Mechanical college is that no one has to "dress up." The men go in their shirt sleeves and the co-eds select their attire from the most comfortable fabrics to be found and there is no occasion for style and primping. At College Station it is a community of itself. There is no town where style is required. But the hat is the thing. The co-eds are wearing what they call sun Houston Post, 4 July 1909, page 10 11 hats but what appear to be hay stacks. They are wide straw things with very high crowns which come up in a peak. They look something like the Mexican sombrero but they are not as heavy. Some wear them with red bands, some have blue and some no band at all but all have them. When these co-eds are at classes the hats are left in the hall on a long bench and they have the appearance of so many mounds of straw lying about. The hats really are not unlike those which are used in cities for the draft horses during summer weather.” 1909 – Summer Students in the Summer School and in the Summer Normal School, 1909 [The listing does not specify whether students attended the normal or took college classes] Barron, Bessie, Bryan Batte, Nellie, Bryan Carson, Nora, College Station Christian, Lucy, Bryan Dawson, Kate, Wellborn Elder, Lena, Riesel Evans, Mary, Bryan Giesecke, Alma C., College Station Giesecke, Linda, College Station Griffin, Lelea, Bryan Holtom, Hattie, Benchley Kennard, Eloise Jane, Waco Mathews, Burnice, Bremond Stuart, Stella, Bryan Suber, Leila, College Station Welch, Ivy, Cleburne Wilcox, Kate, Bryan Wynne, Sallie, Huntsville Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, Thirty-Fourth Annual Catalogue Session 1909-10 1910 – Fall “Correspondence Course,” Galveston Daily News, 20 February 1910, page 6. To be started in Fall 1910? On page 411, Henry Dethloff notes that: Marjorie Goforth, Hertha Thompson, Bernadine McKnight, Virginia Spence and Alma Giesecke and Linda Giesecke attended classes. [Marjory Goforth was called home on account of the illness of her father; Battalion, 25 November 1910, page 6] [Herta Wilhelmina Thomsen was the daughter of August Thomsen] He cites as his source a letter from Linda Giesecke Geren in the Texas Aggie, 6 January 1969 12 [Alma Giesecke was the first woman to graduate from the University of Texas with an architecture degree.] [Bernadine (or Bernardine) McKnight was born about 1900, so she likely attended after 1910.] 1911 – Summer Miss Fannie C. O’Connor of Galveston, has the chair of "Primary Methods" at the A. & M. Summer Normal at College Station. Miss O'Connor is rated by prominent educators as one of the beat primary teachers in the State; besides being the primary teacher in the Alamo School, iilie has the night classes, in grammar, arithmetic and stenography at Draughon's Business College, and is a contributor to the Texas School journals and educational magazines published by A. S. Barnes Co, of New York. Miss O'Connor is a devout, practical Catholic, born and reared in St. Patrick's parish, Galveston. Southern Messenger (San Antonio and Dallas), 6 July 1911, page 5 1911 – July Mrs. Collier and Miss Jessie left today for Milano after visiting Mr. and Mrs. Lamar Bethea and attending the Farmers' Congress. Bryan Daily Eagle and Pilot, 27 July 1911, page 5 "Miss Fannie O’Connor has returned from the A. and M. Summer Normal where she had the chair of primary work. She was also invited by the conductor of the Normal to give the "Methods of Management” class. Miss O'Connor and her sister, who is attending the Normal, visited Villa Marla and renewed acquaintance with one of her first teachers, Rev, Mother Patrick of the Ursuline community. Miss O'Connor made a host of friends while at College Station." "Additional Notes from Galveston," Southern Messenger (Dallas and San Antonio), 3 August 1911, page 5 1911 – Summer 22 Report of the U.S. Commissioner of Education, 1911 1911 – Summer The following are the new teachers of the Brazos County schools for the present school year. ... Misses Helen Kelly … was a student in the A.& M. Summer Normal this year. She will be the assistant teacher at the Harris School. ... Miss Grace Watson will teach the Minter Springs School. Miss Watson was a student in the A.& M. Summer Normal this year and did creditable work there ... Miss Mary Conway will teach the Dowling School. Miss Conway was a student in the A.& M. Summer Normal this year and made good on her examination there ..." Bryan Weekly Eagle, 12 October 1911, page 8 13 1912 – Summer “Milner Hall and Legett Hall will be set aside for ladies and married couples.” “A.& M. Summer Normal to Begin June 17,” Dallas Morning News, 14 January 1912 1912 – Fall "A. and M. College Teaches by Mail," Dallas Morning News, 20 October 1912, part 1, page 4. A&M offers correspondence courses in agriculture by mail; there are 1,457 students enrolled, including "farmers' wives" 1912 – Farming College Station, Tex., Dec. 10 – The correspondence courses as given in the extension department of the Agricultural and Mechanical College of Texas is divided into twenty-one courses, each of which is upon some one branch of agriculture and its kindred sciences …. San Antonio Express, 11 December 1912, page 37 1913 “A. & M. School of Correspondence,” Dallas Morning News, 22 January 1913, page 2. They could get a certificate of completion after passing enough work. 1913 "While correspondence work has been offered at the A & M College for several terms, enrollment in this great venture always been short until the last scholastic term. The work is intended for, boys and girls who are not able to go to school, the farmer and his wife; men who are interested in some particular phase of agriculture; county demonstration agents and boys and girls club workers: teachers of agriculture and related sciences in the public schools, etc." "A. & M. College Correspondence Course – Ensilage Leads," Arlington Journal, 13 July 1913, page 4 1914 “Butter Making Now Taught by Mail; Cotton Classing Too,” Fort Worth Star Telegram, 1 July 1914, page 11. 28 subjects are now taught as correspondence classes. 1915 – March "In addition to the marketing study courses in various phases of home economics and home canning will be offered under the direction of the home economics department, of the college. All in all about seventy courses will be offered and these will cover all phases of scientific agriculture and stock raising, engineering and home economics work." "Special Correspondence Courses of Elaborate Nature Prepared by A. & M. College,". San Antonio Express, 13 March 1915, page 11 1915 – August Mr. and Mrs. Glass North and Miss Myrtle Glass are attending the Farmers' Congress. San Antonio Express, 8 August 1915, page 51 14 1915/1916 At least two 1916 Long Horn: page 140 – Special Students include Miss Estelle Tatum and Miss Bernice Carter 1915 For the first time in many years the college is to have a girl cadet. No longer can we say that this is exclusively a boy’s school The females have invaded our most sacred abode, but we welcome them to our midst. It Is a girl "fish" this time a graduate of the Northeast Texas State Normal who has had charge of the girls' home economics work for the past few years. She is no stranger by any means. She is very familiar with cadet life and its hardships and pleasures. Perhaps the proximity of the N. T. S. Normal to the College of Industrial Arts at Denton is partly responsible for the love for A. & M. that developed in the young woman's heart some three years ago. At first she had to be contented with merely residing on the campus and conducting her work in co- operation with the Extension Service. But now she is to be a full-fledged freshie (we started to say freshman). We are glad to have Miss Bernice Carter is a member of the '19 class. Battalion. “A Girl Cadet Enters Our College,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 September 1915, page 4 1916 – Summer Students … Summer Session, 1916 Benbow, Susie, Bryan, normal Chastain, Bessie, College Station, normal Cherry, Mrs. R. E., Hightower, normal Conlee, Pansy, Bryan, normal Gandy, Grace, Bryan, normal Giles, Mary Virginia, Waco, rural life Haley, M. M., Mrs., Cleburne, cotton classing Hall, Nellie, Hightower, normal Hanna, Bernice, Bryan, normal Hanna, Blanche Beatrice, Bryan, normal Harris, Edna Leta, Bryan, normal Hyland, Kathleen M., College Station, normal Kern, Virginia, Bryan, normal Kosarek, Clara, Bryan, normal Lawless, Annie, Kurten, normal Lesosky, Zelma, Cameron, normal Lloyd, Lillian, Bryan, normal McCallum, Minnie, Tabor, normal Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, Forty-First Annual Catalogue Session 1916-17 15 McVey, Bettie, Bryan, normal Marshall, Margaret, Longview, rural life Mathis, Mrs. R. J., Alice, rural life Poe, Bonnie, Carbon, normal Ryrson, Mrs. L. T., Gause, normal Sallis, Pauline, Brenham, normal Seelhorst, Bertha, Brenham, normal Tatum, Mrs. C. S., College Station, normal Taylor, Miss Ray, Bryan, normal Taylor, Rosalie, Bryan, normal Tenney, Mildred, College Station, rural life Walker, Una Mae, Bryan, normal White, Mary, Sayre, Oklahoma, rural life Williams, Orlena Elizabeth, Bryan, normal Wotipka, Lillian, Caldwell, normal Zimmerman, Annie, Bryan, normal [The catalog also includes the names of people attending the Farmers Short Course in 1916, which included several women] 1916 – June “Misses Pauline Sallis, Gladys Griffin, and Bertha Seelhorts are attending the Summer Normal at College Station.” San Antonio Express 18 June 1916, page 54 1916 – June "Mrs. Mattie M. Haley of Cleburne arrived at the A. & M. College this morning and entered the cotton classing school. This is the first lady that has ever entered the class since this branch of the College work has been inaugurated." Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 June 1916, page 1 1916 – June About 80. “There are about 160 students in attendance at the summer school … The enrollment is about evenly divided with reference to men and women.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 June 1916, page 4 1916 – July College Station, Tex., July 1 – Can women compete with men successfully as cotton buyers? Mrs. M. M. Haley of Cleburne, believes that they can. Mrs. Haley believes that there is a place for woman in the cotton business, somewhere, and so strongly does she believe it that she has enrolled in the summer school in cotton classing at the Agricultural and Mechanical College. I may be the first woman in Texas to study cotton classing, I do not know, but I do not see why there are not places in New Orleans in the offices and elsewhere that a woman could fill. At any rate I am intensely interested in the study of cotton classing and marketing and I am going to take up that work when I complete the course here," Mrs. San Antonio Express, 2 July 1916, page 29 16 Haley told J. B. Bagley, professor of textile engineering at Agricultural and Mechanical. She is taking a keen Interest in the work and is advancing as rapidly as the men. The cotton classing school will continue until July 29 and it is possible for students to enter now and complete the work." 1916 – Summer “Brenham ... Miss Gladys Griffin, who is attending the summer normal at the Agricultural and Mechanical College, came home a few days last week.” Houston Post, 23 July 1916, page 27 1917 – Summer "... An entire dormitory, under the charge of a preceptress will be set apart for women students ..." "Summer Session at A.& M. College," Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 May 1917, page 2 1917 – Summer Summer Session, 1917 Anderson, Sallie, Winnsboro, normal Armstrong, Alma M., Pardon, rural life Aycock, Maggielue, Cameron, normal Bryan, Mrs. W. P., Bryan, normal Cargey, Carrie, Edge, normal Casey, Beulah, Jacksonville, normal Castles, Juliette, Shepard, Bryan, normal Crabb, Lillian May, Provident City, rural life Crabb, Mary Lorena, Provident City, rural life Crow, Estelle, Belton, normal Dearing, Annie, Bryan, normal Fenner, Mary Jewell, Kosse, college Gaines, Mary A., Beaumont, rural life Graham, Lucille, Bryan, college Hazle, Lillian, Bryan, rural life Hobby, Louise, Beaumont, normal Hobby, Mrs. L. M., Beaumont, normal Hyland Kathryn M., College Station, normal Jones, Nona Belle, Bryan, normal Lawless, Annie, Kurten, normal Locke, Annie May, Bryan, normal McCallum, Minnie, Tabor, normal McGregor, Ruth Emily, Millican, normal McKnight, Bernadine, Bryan, normal Massey, Eva, Travis, normal Pate, Ruth, Bryan, normal Ray, Minnie, Waller, normal Robinson, Elizabeth, Teague, normal Rogers, Lela, Bonham, normal Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, Forty-Second Annual Catalogue, Session 1917-18 17 Rogers, Maude, Bonham, normal Sinclair, Irene, Holland, normal Smith, Edna Irene, Holland, normal Smith, Floy Ellen, College Station, normal Stuart, Stella B., Bryan, normal Tatum, Cora Burnelle, Bryan, normal Thomsen, Hertha W., College Station, normal Tobias, Ethel, Kurten, normal Waugh, Gertrude, El Campo, rural life 1917 – June "Reliance ... Miss Jessie Mathis left Monday for College Station where she will attend the summer normal." Bryan Weekly Eagle, 14 June 1917, page 6 1917 – June Harvey, June 26 – Misses Ruth Pate and Nona Belle Jones of Harvey, are attending the summer normal at A. and M. College." Bryan Weekly Eagle, 28 June 1917, page 3 1917 – June "Tabor ... Miss Minnie McCallum, who is attending the summer normal at the college, spent the week-end at home." Bryan Weekly Eagle, 19 July 1917, page 4 1918 – Summer College Station, Tex.. March 1- In the hope of partially overcoming the shortage of properly trained men and women for demonstration work in agriculture and home economics, the Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College has decided to offer fifteen free scholarships, valued at $21 each, in the summer session of the college this year to men and women who want to take up rural extension work as a profession. Ten scholarships will lie given to women and preference will be given to those who have had college or normal school training in home economics while second consideration will be given those who have had successful teaching experience, preferably in rural schools. Five scholarships will be open to men and preference will be given to mature men who have had at least a high school education, along with practical farming Experience. It is to be presumed that a student who accepts these scholarships is desirous of taking up rural extension work and will accept a position in the extension service of the college in case such positions should be tendered him. Application for entrance should be made direct to the college. Brownsville Herald, 1 March 1918, page 1 1918 – Summer Summer, Session, 1918 [included] Allen, Martha Rivers, Bryan, college Anderson, Sallie, Winnboro, normal Texas Agricultural and Mechanical College, Forty- 18 Benst, Sister St. Rose, Bryan, normal Boyette, Katherine, Bryan, normal Cahill, Mary, Bryan, normal Crabb, Lillian M., Provident City, normal Crabb, Mary Lorena, Provident City, rural life Crenshaw, Thelma, Winnsboro, normal Cyrilla, Sister Mary, Bryan, normal Dickson, Ida Mae, Winnsboro, normal Edge, Altha, Bryan, normal Fischer, Mrs. Willie E., Brenham, normal Foster, Mrs. Winnie B., Wellborn, normal Hall, Ethyle, Gainesville, rural life Hall, Pansy, Bryan, college Harris, Edna, Bryan, normal Harris, Florence, Midway, normal Hart, Rosie, Bryan, college Henry, Lena, Bryan, normal Hensarling, Velma, Bryan, normal Hodges, Ruth M., Cawthon, normal Hoppes, Norma M., Tiffin, Ohio, normal Howell, Vivienne, Bryan, normal Huff, Mrs. W. W., College Station, rural life Jackson, Mary E., Celina, rural life Kemp, Sophie, Lott, normal Kern, Carolyn, Bryan, rural life Kern, Virginia, Bryan, normal Lane, Ada Lou, Franklin, normal Lane, Josephine, Franklin, normal Lawler, Ruth C., Bryan, college Lloyd, Mrs. Ellen, Bryan, normal Locke, Annie Mae, Bryan, normal McCullough, Myrtle, Bryan, normal McGregor, Ruth E., Millican, college McKnight, Bernadine, Bryan, normal McVey, Bettie, Bryan, normal Manahan, Iona, Fairfield, rural life Parker, Bessie, Palestine, rural life Patrick, Irene, Winnsboro, rural life Richardson, Mrs. Ona, Bryan, rural life Rittner, Doris, Yoakum, rural life Schneider, Sister Margaret Mary, Bryan, normal Seraphine, Sister Mary, Bryan, normal Smith, Mrs. Eula, Bryan, normal Smith, Mamie, Mason, rural life Stuart, Stella B., Bryan, normal Suber, Elizabeth, Bryan, normal Second Annual Catalogue, Session 1917-18 19 Sullivan, Gladys V., Coahoma, rural life Tanner, Mrs. B. M., Ada, Oklahoma, college Taylor, Kathleen, Edgewood, rural life Taylor, Rosalie, Bryan, normal Taylor, Ruth, Bryan, normal Terry, Mrs. Laura, Copperas Cove, rural life Thomsen, Mrs. Gosche, Jr., Oklahoma City, rural life Tobias, Mrs. Edna, Kurten, normal Wallace, Mary, Brenham, normal Whitton, Lela, Timpson, rural life Wittman, Amelia, Bryan, normal Zuber, Margaret, Bryan, normal 1919 – Summer Instructors at the Summer Normal School included ... "Miss Wesa Weddington, of Bryan, will be preceptress of women, and instructor in psychology and Texas history. Miss Hattie Matthews of Navasota and Miss Dixie Wood will have charge of the primary methods instruction. Miss Bettie Whitaker, of Navasota, will be one of the instructors in the rural life school." "Prominent Teachers for Summer Session," Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 March 1919, page 1 1919 – Summer "The stucco building facing the interurban line, built originally as an officers' quarters and transferred to a community home for many of the young ladies employed on the campus, has been finally decided upon as a dormitory for the girls and young women who will attend the summer school at college ..." It contained "34 splendid rooms." “Many Campus Changes Scheduled for Summer,” Battalon, 29 May 1919, pages 1, 12 1919 – July “Included in the pleasures of the week, planned for the young ladies who are attending summer school at A. & M. college, was the entertainment given last evening in the girls’ dormitory by Miss Wesa Weddington, who has been in charge of the building during the normal. Each young lady was privileged to invite a gentleman friend, thus a congenial party was assembled for the pleasures so thoughtfully planned. Pink and white roses were lavishly used in beautifying the reception rooms. Misses Wesa Wedding, Annie Dearing and Mrs. Claghorn were in the receiving line and gave cordial greetings. The first feature of entertainment was a musical program arranged by Miss Ruth McGregor, of Millican. Those contributing the numbers were Miss Sarah Williams, Miss Lucile Smith, Miss Irene Furman. "A Congenial Affair," Bryan Daily Eagle, 12 July 1919, page 3 20 Miss Myrtle McCulloch, Miss McGregor, Mr. Waters, of Oklahoma; Mr. Calhoun, of Cuero. Following the musical program, dancing formed a pleasing diversion with Miss Bess Whitaker of Tyler in charge. In the upper reception hall ten tables were arranged for progressive games with Miss Cecilia Merchant, of Sealy, in charge. Refreshments of pink brick cream and angel food cake, prepared by the domestic service class under Miss Kittie D. Washington were served by Miss Elaine Bizzell, Margaret Firth, Mattie Mike and Louise Weddington.” 1920 – Summer "Mrs. Emma Perry Foulk of Columbus, Ohio, head of the department of home economics at the Ohio State University is scheduled to deliver a series of lectures on home economics" [at the Farmers Short Course] "The Short Course at A. & M. August 2-7," Bryan Weekly Eagle, 1 July 1920, page 1 1920 – Summer Miss Edna Slaughter of Austin, who has been attending the summer school at A. & M. College, has gone to Houston. Bryan Daily Eagle, 17 July 1920, page 4 1920 – Summer Miss Pearl Hunnicutt who has been attending the summer school of the A. and M. College, has returned to her home at Iola. She was accompanied home by Misses Ella Hunnicutt and Elva Trant, who will spend some days with her. Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 August 1920, page 3 1921 – Summer Miss Zola Neill of Athens is spending the summer with her sister, Mrs. G. M. Ammons of Tabor and attending the summer school at Texas A. & M. Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 June 1921, page 4 1921/1922 At least 7. Special unofficial students: Elaine R. Bizzell, Mrs. W.B. Cook, Hettie Edge, Mary L. Ford, Gracie Morehead, Lillian Nichols, and Sybil Wood 1922 Long Horn: page 140 1921/1922? Mrs. Olsen "has been a special student at the College for the past two years" ... "Miss Elsie Duncan Weds C. E. Olsen," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 October 1923, page 1 1921/1922? “Mr. George Orms of College Station was passing through here on Sunday ... Miss Texas Orms is being educated at A. & M. College and has two more years before graduating.” "Social Items from Nesbitt," Bryan Daily Eagle, 16 November 1923, page 5 1922 year (including Summary of enrollment - entire year, 1922, including summer – women, 14 Annual report of the Agricultural and 21 summer) – Not clear if this was 1921/1922 academic year, or the 1922 calendar year Mechanical College, 1922/23, page 7 1922/1923 14. "In 1923, then president W.B. Bizzell turned down an application by Mrs. Sam Eberstadt of Bryan for admission of her daughter, although 14 women, belonging to campus families, had been enrolled in for the 1922-23 school year. In the 1923-24 school year, 20 campus women were enrolled." "A&M Only Land Grant College Not Coed, Green Testifies," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 March 1958, page 2. 1923 Special students included Miss Mary Beers, Miss Elaine Bizzell, Miss Kathryn Hyland, Mrs. I. C. Sanders, and Mrs. A. B. Weaver "Many Students Distinguished for First Term," Battalion, 27 February 1923, page 2 1923 Special Unofficial Students listed: Mary Beers, Elaine Bizzell, Helen V. Downard, Elsie Duncan, Geraldine Grout, Kathryn Hyland, Adele Jones, Lily Bess Kyle, Texas Orms, Fannie Mae Sanders, Mrs. I.C. Sanders, Priscilla Sims, Ruth Watkins, and Mrs. A.B. Weaver 1923 Long Horn, page 130 1923 – Fall Misses Violet Short, Texas Orms and Helen Downard have entered school at A. and M. College. [Violet Short later wrote articles published in Texas newspapers and magazines] Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 September 1923, page 4 1922 and 1923? “William Calvin Wier, known to all A. and M. students and alumni as ‘Heinie’ Wier, is to marry Miss Helen Downard of Bryan at the Methodist Episcopal Church of Bryan at eight o’clock Wednesday, October 8. ‘Heinie’ is one of the most popular men who has ever received his degree from A. and M., and although an alumnus of two years, he still holds a warm place in the hearts of the student body. While a student, ‘Heinie’ was prominent in military, athletic and in student activities. He was Captain of Company A, which thrice won the Howell Trophy; Captain of that famous ‘Farmer Eleven’ Battalion, 8 October 1924, page 8 22 which defeated Centre; and a holder of several class offices during his undergraduate career. Miss Downard, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Downard, is a prominent Bryan girl and was also one of the few ‘Coed’s’ of the College. It was on the A. and M. campus that the ties of friendship were first formed. ‘Heinie,’ we Aggies offer congratulations and know that a combination of two ex-A. and M. students can result only in happiness.” 1923 and 1924? Dean & Mrs. E.J. Kyle's daughter Miss Lily Bess Kyle will marry Thomas Harrison Baker, Jr. (class of 1923); the wedding will take place in Guion Hall on campus. She served as Miss Texas Aggie, duchess to the Cotton Palace at Waco and to the Ross Volunteers at All-College Circus in Dallas; she had attended classes at A&M, though she graduated from Baylor College for Women at Belton. "Baker-Kyle Wedding to Be Held at A&M of Statewide Interest," Bryan Weekly Eagle, 16 February 1928, page 2. 1923/1924 Includes photo; she is the "maid" to Miss Kyle, the "duchess"; Dowdy "was a freshman at A. and M. College last year and is a sophomore at Texas University this term ..." "Miss Helen Dowdy," Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 October 1924, page 3 1923/1924 20 "A&M Only Land Grant College Not Coed, Green Testifies," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 March 1958, page 2 1924 – June “Miss Lydia Russell of Bonham, who has been a charming visitor of Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Fountain during College commencement, has returned home. Mrs. Bettie Boyle and Miss Irene Risser, who have been guests in the Fountain home, will remain for a longer visit as Miss Risser will attend summer school and A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 6 June 1924, page 3 1924 Attending as "Unofficial Students" : Mrs. W.L. Bradshaw, Miss Helen V. Downard, Miss Helen Virginia Dowty, Miss Hettie Maude Edge, Miss Mary Brandon Fraps, Mrs. W.B. Fredrick, Miss Geraldine Grout, Miss Louise Hillyer, Miss Katherine Hyland, Miss Lily Bess Kyle, Miss C.E. [Elsie Duncan] Olsen, Miss Texas Orms, Miss Gladys Mae Royall, Miss Fannie Mae Saunders, Mrs. I.C. Saunders, I.C., Miss Violet 1924 Long Horn, page 144 23 Short, Miss Edel Hermia Thomsen, and Miss Ethyl Walton. 1924/1925 “Evelyn [Crawford] finished Bryan High School in 1918. In high school she was a star basketball player on the girls’ team. As a "fish" she attended C. I. A. in Denton, during the school year 1918-19. The next year she attended the University of Texas, and from 1920 to '20 she taught in the rural schools of Brazos County and the city schools of Bryan. During the school year of 1924-25 Mrs. Locks attended A. and M. Though college employees* daughters had previous been allowed to visit classes, they had never been officially enrolled, At the time Mrs. Locke was here, however, that rule had been changed so that girls who were relatives of college employees might register, and some eight or ten were students. However, Mrs. Locks was the only one of this group ever to complete her work and graduate here. She took a course in Liberal Arts, majoring in English and minoring in Education” "Man’s School? Yeah, But A. & M. Has A Woman Graduate In Mrs. L B, Locke," Battalion, 6 January 1939, page 1 1924/1925 “Mrs. [Doralea Foster] Arnold went to A and M in 1924-25 under a special rule which enabled the close relatives of college faculty members to attend. Her brother, H. A. Foster, was an instructor in the school’s physics department. ‘I wish I had made better grades,’ Mrs. Arnold said, ‘because I have had to prove so many times that I did go to A and M.’ She said there were several other girls attending A and M at the time she was, including the daughters of two college deans. After the 1924-25 year, the school was closed to girls, but she had got her foot into the Aggie door deep enough to be imbued with the typical A and M spirit. She is the holder of 11 consecutive A and M Ex-student Association cards and has seldom missed the Thanksgiving football game between the University of Texas and the Aggies.” "Woman Ex-Aggie for Keeping It 'Men Only'; Regrets Her Grades," Houston Post, 23 January 1958, section 6, page 5 1924/1925 Interview with Mrs. Doralea Foster Arnold, who attended A&M in 1924-1925. She has "11 consecutive A and M Ex-Student Association cards"; includes photo. "Woman Ex-Aggie for Keeping It 'Men Only'; Regrets Her Grades," Houston Post, 23 January 1958, section 6, page 5 24 1925 – Spring Page 311 – Brazos County Club – includes photo of Miss Gladys Royal, "Class of 1928) Page 356 – Northwest Texas Club – Includes photo of Miss Lois Longley, "Class of 1928 1925 Long Horn: 1925 – May The Houston A. & M. Club passed resolutions asking, among other things, for the reinstatement of strict military discipline, the abolishment of secret societies and the "abolition of girl students" "Alumnus Denies A. and M. Results," Houston Post, 21 May 1925, page 3 1925 – June Miss Susie Mae Sanders, who has been a student at C. I. A. the past year entered summer school at A. & M. College today. Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 June 1925, page 4 1925 - Summer Mrs. S. D. Webb, who has been attending summer school at A. and M. College left yesterday for her home at Goose Creek. Mrs. Webb has accepted a position as teacher in the A. and M. Consolidated school and will return to Bryan on September 7th to attend Teachers' Institute. Bryan Daily Eagle, 31 August 1925, page 4 1925 – July "For a number of years daughters and other relatives of the employees of the College have been permitted to take courses in the college. But no degree has been awarded to a woman in recent years. The number of girls who have been taking courses at the College have increased due to the increased number of College employes. It is understood that the Former Students' Association, at its meeting at College during Commencement, passed a resolution opposing the admission of young women to the institution. The Board's decision confirms the attitude of the Former Students' Association ...." "Official Notice Given Girls Be Excluded from A.-M. College," Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 July 1925, page 3 1925 – August "Candidates for degrees to be awarded August 30, 1925 ... Mary Evelyn Crawford, Bryan ... There will be no exercises attending the award of diplomas this year ...." "Twenty-Four Graduates of A.-M. This Week," Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 August 1925, page 1 1925 – August “Miss Evelyn Crawford, leaves tonight for San Angelo, where she has accepted a position as teacher in the San Angelo City Schools. Miss Crawford received her degree from the A. and M. College of Texas at the close of the summer school of 1925, and is one of Bryan’s most capable and efficient young women. Bryan Daily Eagle, 15 September 1925, page 4 1925 – August From Dr. Bizzell: "... Personally, I can see no reason for not admitting a reasonable number of "A Parting Message," Bryan 25 girls to this institution, especially the daughters of the employees of the College who live with their parents or other relatives, and mature young women who seek the particular advantages offered by this college ..." Weekly Eagle, 27 August 1925, page 2 1926 – February Article says, in part, "This is a most important and far reaching action and has a direct bearing on future policies of the institution, it is thought." "Girls May Go to A. & M. Summer School Now On," Bryan Weekly Eagle, 25 February 1926, page 1 1926 – May At meeting of Houston A. & M. Club; about their opposition to a plan for co-education at Texas A&M. "Coeducation Hit at A. & M. Lunch," Houston Post, 25 May 1926, page 2 1926 – June “Miss Elliott Beason has returned from Fort Worth where she attended the Texas Woman’s College the past year. Elliott made a splendid record in College. She is attending summer school at A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 June 1926, page 4 1926 – June “Misses Mary Jones, Pauline McCulloch and Irene Risser, of Bonham, who is spending the summer with her aunt, Mr. and Mrs. E. J. Fountain, in Bryan, have enrolled as students A. and M. College in the summer school.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 June 1926, page 4 1926 – July Elwyn Braunig who is attending summer school at A. and M. at College Station spent the week end here with homefolks. Semi-Weekly Hallettsville Herald, 20 July 1926, page 2 1927 – June “Misses Josephine and Nellie Eden returned Saturday from the College of Industrial Arts at Denton, and are spending the summer with their parents, Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Eden. They both are attending summer school at A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle 8 June 1927, page 4 1927 – June “Misses Mary Jones, Pauline McCulloch, Elizabeth Cline and Texas Orms of Bryan are attending summer school at the A. and M. College of Texas this year.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 June 1927, page 4 1927 – June “Miss Vivian [Conlee] is attending summer school at A. and M. College …” Bryan Daily Eagle, 23 June 1927, page 1 1927 – Summer Miss Isabell Moore of Bonham and Miss Katherine Roberts of Eagle Lake are guests of Miss Mary Bolton on College campus, and are attended A. & M. summer school. Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 July 1927, page 4 26 1927 – Summer “Mrs. Lura Hollingsworth, for the past three years home demonstration agent at Spur, Texas, is just back from San Francisco, Calif,, a trip made possible for this worthy teacher by the Farm Bureau of Texas, she being chosen along with several others from various places in the State as representatives to a Farm Bureau rally. To satisfy a desire to be with her baby boy, Sam, Mrs. Hollingsworth resigned as demonstration agent at Spur and accepted a position offered her without solicitation, as supervisor of primary department of the Spur school. This, however, lasted a short time, as the work done by Mrs. Hollingsworth was so worthwhile,' her services were in demand at many places in the State and the commissioners’ court at Ballinger made such an attractive offer in the way of salary it could not be treated lightly. After a conference with the board at Spur and while they reluctantly did so, she was released and accepted the position at Ballinger. Mrs. Hollingsworth is now at College Station attending summer school and her boys, John, Jr., and Sam are with their grandfathers, Sam Durham, near Clairette, and G. Z. Hollingsworth, of this city.” Stephenville Tribune, 27 July 1927, page 9 1927 – Summer “Miss Nona Mossman, who is attending summer school at A. and M., sang several songs, which were well received.” “Bryan Entertainers Visit Tabor Friday,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 July 1927, page 1 1927 – Summer “Miss Irene Risser of Bonham whose lovable nature has won her many friends in Bryan, on former visits, has enjoyed her six weeks visit here while attending summer school at A&M College. She returned home Sunday night accompanied by her aunt Mrs. E. J. Fountain, who will be the guest of her sister, Mrs. Bettie Boyle and her niece, Mrs. Ralph Risser and family.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 August 1927, page 4 1927 – Summer "Mr. and Mrs. Don Martin, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Pos, who spent the summer with them and attended A. and M. summer school, will teach the Snook school near Caldwell and are moving there today." Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 August 1927, page 4 1928 – Summer Issues of the Bryan Daily Eagle for June, July and much of August 1928 are not digitized on 27 Newspapers.com; the microfilm needs to be checked. 1928 – Summer “Miss Julia Slagle, also in school at A. and M. spent the week-end with her parents, Mr. and Mrs. E. E. Slagle – Madisonville News.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 September 1928, page 4 1929 – June “Miss Ruth Watkins who completed a year’s work at the Sam Houston Normal, Huntsville, left there yesterday for Hollister, Mo., where she will spend ten days at the Y. M. C. A. encampment. She will then return to College to spend the summer with her parents and take work at the A. & M. summer school.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 June 1929, page 2 1929 – June “Mr. and Mrs. Britten Henderson have taken the Gardner cottage in Cresthill addition on College road while they attend summer school at A. and M. College. They will have with them Herman Henderson and Miss Novice Shepherd of Normangee who will also attend summer school.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 June 1929, page 1 1929 – June “Miss Wilma Holzman is back home from the University of Texas. Miss Holzman will spend the summer on the campus, taking work at the A. and M. summer school.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 June 1929, page 2 1929 – June “Julia Ball is back from the University of Texas. She expects to spend the summer on the campus taking summer school work at A. and M.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 6 June 1929, page 3 1929 – June “Miss Florence Fermier is making her home with Mr. and Mrs. Joe Mogford in College Park while she attends summer school. Florence is the daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. J. E. Fermier, and her many friends on the campus are giving her a warm welcome.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 11 June 1929, page 3 1929 – July “Mrs. Hoffman L. Reese and Miss Isabel Fischer motored to College Station Thursday and spent the day with Misses Erette and Martha Reese, who are attending the summer school at A. and M. College.” Brenham Banner Press, 12 July 1929, page 6 1929 – July “Misses Erette and Martha Reese of Brenham, who have been students at summer school at A. and M. College this year and made their home in Bryan with Mr. and Mrs. J. D. Martin and family, left today for their home in Brenham as school closed on Friday.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 July 1929, page 6 1929 – summer 77. “Enrollment of women students at the college, permitted only during the Summer sessions, shows a material increase this Summer also, women students numbering 134 out of a Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 June 1931, page 1 28 total enrollment of 925. This compares with 85 women students during the 1930 Summer session and 77 in 1929.” 1929 – Summer About summer classes at A&M; "... A very decided attractive improvement during the hot months is the addition of girl students in the college who transfer work finished at A. and M. to some other college from which she is to graduate. The privilege of having girl students is particularly stressed by the college authorities ..." "Supplementing the Urge to Learn," Battalion, 2 October 1929, page 7. 1890s-1930 By 1930, nearly 2,000 women had attended summer school. [This number likely includes women who attended summer farmers’ congresses and short courses.] Intended for All; 125 Years of Women at Texas A&M, College Station, TX: Cushing Memorial Library and Archives, Texas A&M University, 2002, “1909-1919 page” 1930 – June 84 (or 85?). "Slight increase in women students in regular college work is shown by enrollment of 84 as compared with 77 last year." Total enrollment for the first summer session was 725.” "Summer School Shows Increase in Enrollment," Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 June 1930, page 5. 1930 – Summer The many friends in Bryan of Mrs. Marie Adams Sullivan will be glad to know that she and her daughter, Miss Wilma Sullivan of Denton, have taken one of the Dyer apartments in this city, and spend the summer here while Miss Wilana is attending summer school at A. and M. College. Jay Adams, a brother of Mrs. Sullivan, and well known in Bryan his boyhood home, will make his home in Bryan with his sister during the summer months. Bryan Daily Eagle, 3 June 1930, page 6 1930 – Summer “Misses Sylvia Meredith, Irene Furman, George Earl Dunlap, Hettie Jackson, Thelma Seeley and Pinckney Simpson are attending summer school at A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 June 1930, page 10 1930 – Summer “Rev. and Mrs. Roy S. Holloman, and daughters Helen Wynne and Joanna, returned to Bryan yesterday from their vacation … They were accompanied home by Miss Blanche Bowers who will spend the summer with them and attend Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 June 1930, page 5 29 summer school at A. and M. College the last term …” 1930 – Summer “Mrs. Edna Dickman of Franklin, who is making her home at Miss Mary Ball’s boarding house during the summer months and attending summer school at A. and M. College, went to Franklin today for a weekend visit with relatives.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 July 1930, page 5 1930s? Lillie Mae Walton, the youngest daughter of President T.O. Walton; "she also has taken graduate work at Texas A. and M. College during the summer sessions here." "Announce Engagement of Miss Lillie Mae Walton to Frank E. Bortle," Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 July 1933, page 6. 1931 – Summer Several courses are being offered this summer for the first time, among these is the training for rural school teachers and supervisors. About 30 young women have already signified their intensions of enrolling for this work. In view of larger enrollment of women students attracted by this work provisions are being made to open one or two dormitories for women students and possibly for married couples. "Dorm. for Married Likely in Summer," Battalion, 8 April 1931, page 1. 1931 – June “Mrs. Claude D. Cotton, newly appointed supervisor of the rural schools of Tom Green County, along with Miss Artele Cotton, teacher in the schools at McCamey, arrived today to enter A. and M. summer school. Mrs. Cotton will do special work in the supervision of rural schools.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 June 1931, page 2 1931 – June 134. “Enrollment of women students at the college, permitted only during the Summer sessions, shows a material increase this Summer also, women students numbering 134 out of a total enrollment of 925. This compares with 85 women students during the 1930 Summer session and 77 in 1929.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 June 1931, page 1 1931 – June Prof. J. S. Mogford is at Columbia, Mo., for a Summer course in agronomy at the University of Missouri. During his absence, Mrs. Mogford’s sister, Miss Frances Nuckols of Whitney, is making her home with Mrs. Mogford and meanwhile is attending the first term of summer school. Bryan Daily Eagle, 17 June 1931, page 2 1931 – June “Miss Mary Ogden of Sweeney is enrolled for work in the first summer term and is making her home with Mrs. J. B. Parkhill while here. Miss Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 June 1931, page 2 30 Ogden and Miss Lena Parkhill were both teachers in the Sweeney school last year.” 1931 – June “Mr. and Mrs. Jim Cooper of Proctor were in Comanche Monday enroute to College Station to attend the A. & M. Summer School.” Comanche Chief, 12 June 1931, page 4 1931 – July “Mrs. Warren N. Yates, of El Campo, and son John, will arrive the latter part of the week for a visit with, doing special study work. Mrs. Yates is principal of a rural consolidated school near her home in El Campo, Mrs. Yates’ parents, Rev. and Mrs. J. J. Pipkin. Mrs. Yates will attend summer school during the last term and will hold the same position during the coming school year.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 July 1931, page 2 1931 – Summer “Mr. and Mrs. Grady Graves of Crowell, after a visit hare with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. W. T. Graves, left Friday for College Station, where they will enter A. A M. College at the beginning of summer school next week. While here they went to Waco with his parents to attend the graduation of his only sister, Miss Mona Marie Graves, who took her degree at Baylor University last Tuesday. Mr. Graves has been at Crowell for the past several years as coach at the high school of which his brother, I. T. Graves, is superintendent.” Stephenville Empire-Tribune, 5 June 1931, page 2 1931 – Summer "Miss Marcelle Tubb of Smithville, Miss., niece of F. F. Bibby, of the Entomology Department of the Experiment Station, A. and M. College, has arrived in Bryan to spend the Summer and take special work at A. and M. College. While here Miss Tubb will be with Mrs. J. S. Donne." Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 June 1931, page 5 1931 – Summer “Miss Ruth Mayo is expected to return this week from College Station where she has been in school. Her sister, Mrs. Carl T. Sprague, and Mr. Sprague will accompany her home.” Fairfield Recorder, 3 September 1931, page 1 1932 – June "Walton Hall has been opened for use of women and married couples" during the summer. "450 Students are Entered Before Noon," Bryan Weekly Eagle, 8 June 1932, page 1 1932 – Summer “Ann Bentley is spending the time with Mrs. C. A. Searcy and her daughters, Ralphanna, Betsy and Maulice, while her mother, Mrs. M. R. Bentley, is in a Temple sanitarium. Ann is a student at A. and M. College summer school and will enter Texas University at Austin at the Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 August 1932, page 6 31 opening of school in September. As valedictorian of the Stephen F. Austin high school of Bryan she won a scholarship to Texas University as a reward for good work.” 1932 – Summer “Warren Yates of El Campo was in Bryan Sunday for a visit with Mrs. Yates at the home of her parents, Rev. and Mrs. J. J. Pipkin. Mrs. Yates has been attending summer school at A. and M. College during vacation days. She is principal of the El Campo schools.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 August 1932, page 6 1932 – Summer “Mrs. Warren Yates, and son John Yates, of El Campo, who have spent the summer with her parents, Rev. and Mrs. J. J. Pipkin on College Road while Mrs. Yates attended summer school at A. and M. College, are leaving Wednesday for their home in El Campo. Mrs. Yates is principal of the public school at Louise near El Campo.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 September 1932, page 6 1932 – Summer “Miss Elizabeth Dickenson who has been attending the summer session of the A. and M. College and staying in the home of Mr. and Mrs. C. L. Beason, left today for her home in Houston. She will enter the University of Texas in the fall.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 August 1932, page 1 1932 – Summer "Mrs. Walter King and son, Leroy, have returned from a short visit with friends and relatives at Silsbee and Conroe. They also visited Miss Naomi King, who attending the summer school at Texas A. and M. College." Timpson Daily Times, 22 August 1932, page 3 1932 – Summer “Miss Naomi King, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Walter King of this city, has returned from College Station where she has been attending the summer session at A. & M. College. Miss King is a member of the Timpson school faculty.” Timpson Daily Times, 31 August 1932, page 3 1933 – June "All undergraduate courses will be open to both men and women students." "Summer Session Second Term at AM Opens Monday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 July 1933, page 6 1933 – June “Mr. and Mrs. Sutton Metz, of Kenedy, who have made their home in Bryan during the past six weeks while attending the first term of the summer school at A. and M. College, left today, returning to Kenedy.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 July 1933, page 3 1933 – Summer “L. E. McCall of Laredo visited over the week- end with his parents, Mr. and Mrs. L. J. McCall. He came to College Station with his sisters, Miss Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 September 1933, page 6 32 Cora McCall and Mrs. Alberta Dunlap, as they returned from their vacation trip. Both he and Mrs. Dunlap left Sunday, the latter, who has been attending summer school at A. and M., going back to Divot, near Pearsall, where she will teach for the third year.” 1933: September Gives the names of the 11 women attending classes: Margaret Duncan, Barbara Eudaly, Sarah Orth, Mary Scoates, Evelyn Koenig, Alice Scoates, Jean Sandstedt, Bernie Rae Marburger, Cristobel Bailey, Simmie Wheeler, and Margaret Beason "Girls are Enrolled at A and M College for the First Time," Battalion, 27 September 1933, page 1 1933-1934 “However, at least once more, girls were admitted to A&M during regular terms. This was in the summer of 1933, when “as a temporary, emergency action,” the immediate families were allowed to send girls to A&M for the 1933-34 term. This was probably based on an economic situation, resulting from a 25 per cent cut in staff member salaries.” "Mrs. Gray One of Many Prospective Girl-Ags," Battalion, 23 January 1958, page 1. Gives overview of events since 1903. 1933 – Fall "Girls of Bryan Seek to Attend A-M This Year," Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 September 1933, page 1. 1933 – Fall "Would Compel A-M to Admit Bryan Girls," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 September 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall Editorial supporting the women seeking admission, perhaps written by Mrs. Frances Rountree editor of the paper and a former state representative for Brazos Co., saying in part "All that is sought is that the girls of Bryan residents and property holders be put on a parity with daughters of campus residents ..." "Fight on to Admit Girls to A. and M.," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 September 1933, page 4. 1933 – Fall “Girls Enroll at A. and M. First steps toward what now seems inevitable, co-education at Texas A and M College, were taken by the board of directors of the college when they authorized enrollment of daughters of college employees who reside in Brazos county. The Battalion, 20 September 1933, page 9 33 qualifications set by the board will be strictly adhered to by the registrar’s office. Advance indications are that there will be approximately a dozen women students enrolled for the fall term. Most of the applicants are transfers from other colleges and almost without exception, they will enroll in the school of arts and sciences.” 1933 – Fall "AM Directors Will Discuss Co-Ed Matter," Bryan Daily Eagle, 23 September 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall "A.-M. Directors Fight Admission of Girls," Bryan Daily Eagle, 25 September 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall "Davis Delays Writ Hearing in A. & M. Case," Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 September 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall "The petition for the mandamus was signed by 10 Bryan girls and two from Hearne." "A. & M. To Fight Admission of Girl Students," Houston Post, 26 September 1933, page 3 1933 – Fall "Bryan and Hearne Girls Seek Entrance to College by Court Action," Battalion, 27 September 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall Includes photos of 5 of the girls who sued. "Bryan Girls Seek Entry at A and M," Battalion, 27 September 1933, page 6 1933 – Fall Board of Directors had sought transfer of the case to the Texas Supreme Court. "Davis Takes Jurisdiction A-M Case," Bryan Daily Eagle, 3 October 1933, page 1 34 1933 – Fall "A-M Mandamus Case Up Tuesday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 2 October 1933, page 1. 1933 – Fall Cartoon of Aggie Coeds in Corps uniforms marching in front of the Academic building. "Could it Come to This ?" Texas Aggie, 15 October 1933, page 1. 1933 – Fall Presenting the Bat's First Co-Ed Number" reads an inside banner ... On pages 7+ includes editorials pro & con coeducation. On page 7: "Anti-coed factions at Virginia Polytechnic ... until recently limited to men students, had to be convinced by Virginia courts that 'industrial classes' included women as well as men ..." [This apparently contradicts what is stated about Judge McDonald's decision in 1958 about that being the first time courts took this stand ?] And, "The [Bryan] Chamber of Commerce has received letters from people living in every section of the State asking that steps be taken making it possible for girls to attend A and M ..." [Apparently, there was some support for the lawsuit among the general population ?] ... On pages 12-13 includes a 2 page photo spread of "co-eds enrolled at A&M" Battalion Magazine, 18 October 1933 1933 – Fall C.C. Todd won a motion to take testimony; Miss Mildred Horton testified that of the less than 3000 persons who had attended the last farmers' short course, about 1200 were women and about 800 were girls. "A.& M. Mandamus Hearing Opens Today," Bryan Daily Eagle, 31 October 1933, page 1 1933 – Fall "Mr. Law said he now thought the board had made a mistake in its emergency resolution admitting daughters of instructors and employees ... Representative George Butler of Bryan said two members of the legislature had asked him to join in a bill to restrict A. & M. to boys specifically ..." "A.& M. Fate as Stronghold of Males at Stake," Houston Post, 1 November 1933, pages 1, 16 1933 – Fall Attorney C.C. Todd states that the Texas Attorney General issued an opinion "that the board had no legal right to bar women from the institution..." "Todd Contends A- M University Branch," Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 November 1933, page 1 35 1934 – Spring "Davis Holds Texas A. & M. is Boys School," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 January 1934, page 1 1934 – Spring "A.& M. Solely Boys' School, Court Holds in Rejecting Co-eds," Dallas Morning News, 6 January 1934, pt.1, page 1 1934 – Summer “... Walton hall will be available to single ladies and to married couples ...” Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 June 1934, page 1 1934 – Summer “Miss Mary Frances Minter of Midland, a niece of Mrs. W. B. Cline, is visiting in the home of Dr. and Mrs. Cline on Ursuline Avenue. Miss Minter and her cousin, Miss Ann Cline, are both attending summer school at A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 June 1934, page 2 1934 – Summer “Miss Jennie June Howell, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. R. W. Howell, is confined to a bed at the Bryan hospital today, because of an accidental fall this morning, just as she started from home to A. and M. College, where she is attending summer school. A weak ankle turned as Miss Jennie June started down the front steps, and she fell the entire length of the steps to the concrete walk. She was only slightly injured, with several bad bruises, but will bed several days while recovering.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 29 June 1934, page 1 1934 – Summer “Miss Frances Adele Cameron of Dallas, niece of Mrs. George B. Wilcox, who is spending the summer in the Wilcox home while attending summer school at A. and M. College spent the week-end visiting in Austin with the C. H. Winkler family.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 August 1934, page 6 1934 – Summer “Mr. and Mrs. Harold Nix, teachers in the public schools at Lampasas are attending summer school at the A. and M. College this year, and have taken an apartment in Bryan until September 1.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 August 1934, page 4 1935 – July “Mrs. Virginia Edinburg Stanfield, of Sweetwater, is attending the second summer session at A&M.” "Former Bryan Woman County School Head," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 July 1935, page 36 .6 1935 – Summer "Mrs. Neil McAlpine of Ballinger is visiting in the home of grandmother, Mrs. J. H. Suber on College Road, and will attend summer school at A. and M. College. Mrs. McAlpine is remembered in Bryan, her childhood home, as Miss Eugenia Suber." Bryan Daily Eagle, 31 May 1935, page 6 1935 – Summer “Miss Margaret Higgs, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. S. Higgs, who is home from Baylor University for the vacation months, is attending summer sessions at A. & M. College”. Bryan Daily Eagle, 28 June 1935, page 5 1935 – Summer “Miss Janet Randals of Hico attending summer school at A. and M. College this year is spending time with her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. E. R. Eudaly in Bryan.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 11 June 1935, page 2 1935 – Summer “Miss Naomi Moore, who is high school librarian at Ennis, is visiting this summer in the home of her sister, Mrs. C. W. Crawford and family and is attending summer school at A. and M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 17 June 1935, page 6 1935 – Summer “Mr. and Mrs. Wendell Flanary and sister, Miss Katherine Flanary, are in Bryan, where he and his sister are attending summer school at Texas A. and M. College.” Stephenville Empire-Tribune, 28 June 1935, page 1 1936-1937 Issues of the Bryan Daily Eagles are not digitized on Newspapers.com; the microfilm needs to be checked 1936 – Summer “Mr. and Mrs. Ralph Bradley left Monday for College Station where they will attend school this summer. They were accompanied that far by Mrs. Bradley's sister, Mrs. Tony Morrison, who will continue on to her home at Beaumont. Stephenville Empire-Tribune, 5 June 1936, page 3 1937 – Summer Mr. and Mrs. Doyle Graves of Comyn were week-end guests in the home of her parents, Mr. and Mrs. M. B. Turner. They left Monday morning for College Station where they will attend summer school this summer. Stephenville Empire-Tribune, 11 June 1937, page 2 1938 – June “Misses Estelle and Jacqueline Ashton, who have been students at the University of Texas, have arrived home to spend the summer with their parents, Dr. and Mrs. John Ashton, and will attend summer school at A. & M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 June 1938, page 3 1938 – July “Miss Kathleen Alkire of Ennis has arrived to attend the second of summer school at A. & M. College and will spend the time with her friend, Miss Helen Miller, in the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Miller on Haswell Drive.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 July 1938, page 6 37 1938 – Summer “Miss Mavis Kornegay left last week for College Station, where she will attend summer school.” Caldwell News and the Burleson County Ledger, 16 June 1938, page 2 1938 – Summer “Miss Vera Nachman of San Antonio, who was a campus resident while her father was stationed at A. & M. with the military science department, is attending summer school at A. & M. and is staying in the F. L. Thomas home.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 June 1938, page 3 1938 – Summer “Mr. and Mrs. Lloyd Jean Brown of Hamilton are in Bryan attending summer school at A. & M. College and have taken an apartment on West 24th Street.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 July 1938, page 6 1939 – June "Our young friend, Annabelle Barnes, a student at Oklahoma A. & M. College, Stillwater, is home for the summer. Annabelle will go to summer school at A. & M. the first semester and will later take a vacation, just where she doesn't know as yet. Annabelle is one of our favorite girls." Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 May 1939, page 4 1939 – Summer “Among the other important reasons for the increased summer school attendance of graduate students is the fact that many teachers and county agents take this opportunity to do work toward their graduate degree during their summer vacation. Despite the fact that A & M. does not confer degrees on woman, several women are also enrolled In the summer graduate school. Most of them, however, intend to use the credits obtained at A. & M. at some other college which does confer degrees on women.” "New Rule Affects Graduate Students," Battalion, 23 June 1939, page 1 1939 – June “Enrollment totaled 1,368 students, including 89 girls … Walton is occupied by girls and married students …” “First Summer Semester Witnesses Many Occurrence of …,” Battalion, 21 July 1939, page 1 1939 – June “Summer school is rather fun at times – sometimes … although many Aggies are lamenting that summer school has been highly over-rated because 89 girls out of a total enrollment of 1387 represents a heck of a proportion. But alack and alas – it’s even worse, because almost half at the 89 arc married. Whattalife.” Battalion, 16 June 1939, page 8 38 1939 – June Summer Faculty and Student Directory, 1939 First Six Weeks All street addresses are for College Station unless otherwise indicated. Adair, Octavia, 1508 S. College Rd. Addison, Christine (Mrs.) Artmann, Esther, Walton-C11 [dormitory] Barnes, Amrabelle, 1005 S. College St., Bryan Beseda, Florine, Caldwell, Texas Bevan, Mildred Becka, Highway 6 Black, Mary Ann, Oakwood Blazek, Pauline, Ag. Farm [on college property] Bledsoe, Mary Virginia, Navasota Bosque, Virginia, 804 E. 29th, Bryan Boughton, Doris Elaine, Walton Drive Brooks, Mrs. Geo. H. Austonio, Texas Burtis, Ruth, 409 E. 26th, Bryan Butler, Elizabith, Walton C-5 [dormitory] Campbell, Peggy, 252 Lamar [on campus] Caprielian, Helen, Walton C-11 [dormitory] Carpenter, Marilyn Blake, Dairy Farm [on college property] Carter, Ann Elizabeth, Caldwell Cazell, Elizabeth, Mrs., 1314 S. College, Bryan Cofer, Sara Allen, 125 Wood [on campus] Crouch, Elizabeth, Mrs., Walton G-6 – same room as Elton Keith Crouch [dormitory] Curlee, Mildred F., Mrs., College Road, Bryan Edwards, Frances Jewell, 115 Lee Ave. Evans, Marguerite Pearl, Walton C-6 [dormitory] Evans, Juanita, Walton C-14; same room as Richard Walton [dormitory] Fitzgerald, Albena, Mrs., Caldwell Flinn, Louise Virginia, Sulphur Springs Road Foster, Mrs. W. A., Walton A-9; same room as Wesley Aden Foster [dormitory] Fuller, Mary C., 706 Emmett St., Bryan Gilbeath, Lois, Dairy Farm [on college property] Gleason, Doris White, Walton C-10 [dormitory] Gunn, Sarah Kathryn, Walton C-9 [dormitory] Harris, Clara Barton, Calvert Harris, Mary Elizabeth, Calvert Hill, Beatrice A., Mrs., Walton G-5; same room as Jack Vinson Hill [dormitory] Hollingshead, Margaret E., Park Place Holzmann, C. B., Mrs., Lake St., Bryan Digitized with Battalion, 16 June 1939 39 Hughey, Mina Rea, Walton C-13 [dormitory] Jones, Mary Helen, Nall Lane, Bryan Keeling, Lela Haines, 815 E. 30th, Bryan Keller, Leona Margaret, Kurten Star Rt., Bryan King, Mary Eloise, Walton C-9 [dormitory] LaGrane, Doris, Sulphur Springs Road Lahay, Walter, Mrs., 104 Ayrshire Lloyd, Zelia Belle, Boyett, Add. Loew, Sue Sanders, 610 E. 23rd, Bryan Lyon, Mrs. J. R., R. F. D. 4, Bryan Marshall, Alice Swan, Mrs., Walton G-1; same room as John Alton Marshall [dormitory] Merka, Mrs. Ella Cahill, Konecunny St., Bryan Miller, Marilyn, 814 E. 30th St., Bryan Moore, Mae, 809 S. College Ave., Bryan Moreland, Dorothea Warren, 400 N. Baker, Bryan Muellen, Ruth Boswell, behind St. Mary’s Chapel McCullough, Jo Anne, 202 N. Pierce, Bryan McCullough, Maggie Lee, Ridge, Texas McEachern, Betty, Walton C-15 [dormitory] Neeley, Ruth Erin, 701 E. 26th, Bryan Nunn, May Bell, 2115 Col. Ave., Bryan Palermo, Polly, 400 N. Washington, Bryan Parkhill, Lena Lee, Sulphur Springs Road Perkins, Josephine Lloyd, Walton C-7 [dormitory] Pittman, Dorothy Louise, 404 E. 27th, Bryan Ragsdale, Velma Newell, Caldwell, Texas Reed, Mary J. Reppert, Elinor Louise, 113 Page St., Bryan Roth, Syvil, Mrs., Kurten, Texas Savage, Mae Bess, Caldwell, Texas Schulman, Anna, 503 E. 23rd, Bryan Seale, Anne, Benchley, Texas Sellers, Loyce Marie, 709 E. 24th, Bryan Shone, Mattie Sue Smith, Anna Francis, College Station Smith, Martha Clark, Walton C-5 [dormitory] Smith, Sylvia, Walton C-6 [dormitory] Sparks, Minnie, Walton C-8 [dormitory] Stewart, Sally Amelia, Sulphur Springs Road Thompson, Dorothy Louise, P. H. O. Tiemann, Gladys, Mrs., College Station Tremond, Virginia, 1815 College Ave., Bryan 40 Weddington, Mary Alice, 907 College Ave., Bryan White, Martha Elizabeth, 404 E. 25th, Bryan 1939 – June ‘Friends of Mr. and Mrs. L. E. Miller and family are glad to know that Mr. Miller and daughter, Miss Marilynn Miller, will not go to their new home in Lubbock until July 1. Mr. Miller's business takes him to Lubbock at once, but Mrs. Miller and daughter will be with Mr. and Mrs. Ormand Simpson, at Midway, for the remainder of the month of June. Miss Marilynn is attending the first semester of summer school at A. & M. College and they will go to Lubbock when the school term closes.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 June 1939, page 1 1939 – June Says Dean Kyle told her "There are an awful lot of beautiful girls on campus for summer school." "Around the Campus" (by Peggy Campbell), Summer Battalion, 23 June 1939, page 2 1939 – June Miss Peggy Campbell is co-chairman of the Summer Pasture Prom Committee. "Dance Chairman," Summer Battalion, 30 June 1939, page 1 1939 – June Miss Josephine Perkins was one of the choices. "Denny and Perkins are Chosen as First Semester All-Round Athletes," Summer Battalion, 14 July 1939, page 3. 1939, 1941, and perhaps other years “Being a professor of English may seem very uninteresting to most Aggies, but this is hardly the case when David Brooks Cofer is considered. Although he did not attend A. & M. himself, he has three children who are members of the Ex-Students Association; only one of which is a boy. Yes, that’s true. His two daughters attended summer sessions before the war started and they are associate members.” "D.B. Cofer, English Prof., Has Two Daughters, and Son, All Aggie Exes," Battalion, 9 January 1945, page 1 1939 – June This statistic is apparently incorrect? Approximately 210-225? “Between 1400 and 1500 were on hand to register for the first semester, according to Registrar E. J. Howell. Approximately 15 per cent of the summer students are women, Mr. Howell declared, here Bryan Daily Eagle, 6 June 1939, page 1 41 for advanced courses. Many married couples attend the summer sessions here, and one dormitory has been assigned married couples and women. Three other dormitories will house men students.” 1939 – June “25 Years Ago Today … Miss Ellen Dorman who has been in Bryan for several months attending Bryan High School and the first term of summer school at A&M College left this morning for her home in Valley Mills. Her brothers Harvey and George Dorman will remain in Bryan and continue courses at the college.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 July 1954, page 5 1939 – July “A statistical item which is probably of interest to the college gentry is the decline in the population of C ramp Walton which the new semester will witness. Four of the present 14 inhabitants will return and three new girls will move in to bring the total to seven, largest ever in the Mess Hall.” Summer Battalion, 14 July 1939, page 2 1939 – July Includes photo of people at speakers’ table. “Presided over by chairman Delbert Whittaker, the banquet committee included Sarah Allen Cofer, Margaret Hollingshead, Edith Thomas and Hub Johnson.” “Summer Press Club Banquets in Sbisa Hall,” Summer Battalion, 29 July 1939, page 1 1939 – July 43 Battalion, 23 September 1939, page 3 1939 – July Miss Josephine Perkins was one of the choices. "Denny and Perkins are Chosen as First Semester All-Round Athletes," Summer Battalion, 14 July 1939, page 3 1939 – Summer Includes a photo of a very small summer class that includes women. “The Summer Press club elected George Fuermann president, Hub Johnson vice-president, Sara Allen Cofer secretary, and Ross Cox treasurer ... The Summer Press Club sponsored the college’s first successful summer dance in many years. Under the chairmanship of Peggy Campbell, the Summer Pasture Prom attracted over 300 couples and was declared highly enjoyable.” "Many Events Took Place at A. & M. This Summer," Battalion, 23 September 1939, page 2 1939 – August “Dr. and Mrs. C. R Campbell, Peggy and Sonny Campbell, left yesterday for a several weeks’ tour “Around the Campus,” Summer 42 of Mexico. Peggy has been a member of The Summer Battalion staff and was co-chairman of the dance committee which planned the first Summer Pasture Prom last semester.” Battalion, 4 August 1939, page 2 1940 – June 87 “New Summer Record, Including 87 Women …,” Battalion, 20 June 1940, page 1 1940 – June Peggy Campbell (daughter of Prof. C.B. Campbell, who tried to get her into A&M in the 1930s) was elected president of the coed 1940 Summer Press Club on campus; article notes this is the only student club active on campus during the summer. "Campbell Heads Summer Press Club as Ashby, Moore, Hollingsworth Elected," Battalion, 14 June 1940, page 1 1940 – June Photo of Betty Jane Winkler, summer columnist for the Battalion "Columnist," Battalion, 14 June 1940, page 6 1940 – June Photo of Betty Shelton, summer movie reviewer for the Battalion. "Reviewer," Battalion, 20 June 1940, page 4 1940? – Summer – date not certain “I graduated from the University of Texas because when I was of college age, only boys were admitted to A&M during the school year. Because my dad was an A&M professor, I was allowed to attend summer school at A&M. Many of us went to summer school there every summer. Between my sophomore and junior year, I was an editor on the Battalion newspaper. The boys on the staff were suspicious of having a teasip on the editorial staff. I was a Communications Major so [I] wanted the experience. They relented at the end of the summer when I invited them to my house to enjoy some of my mother’s coconut cake. Because I went to school year round, I was able to graduate in three years, which pleased my frugal dad.” [Interview with Betty Jacobs], page 3 College Station Project Hold [It is a guess that Betty Jacobs was one of the two women named Betty mention in the entries above. 1940 – Summer “Miss Ima Mae Jamison of Houston, who has been attending summer school at A. & M. College and making her home in Bryan, left Sunday for her home in Houston, having completed her summer school work.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 12 August 1940, page 6 1940 – Summer “Miss Juanita Sims, Miss Frances Calloway and Miss Lula Oliver, all of Giddings, who have been attending summer school during the first semester Bryan Daily Eagle, 25 July 1940, page 6 43 at A&M College, have returned to their home. After examinations at the close of the first half of school, these young ladies went to Galveston where they have been visiting relatives, until today when they returned via Bryan, and then on to their home in Giddings.” 1941 – June 78 (undergraduate) + 3 (graduate) “Registration Total Reaches 1,269 Students,” Battalion, 18 June 1941, page 1 1941 – June Summer Faculty and Student Directory, 1941 Students, first six weeks Adams, Leta Jo, Caldwell, Tex, Adams, Lena Marie, 408 E. 27th St., Bryan, Tex. Black, Mary Ann, Foster Ave. Brewer, Margery, 712 E. 27th St., Bryan, Tex. Cofer, Ella L., 110 Pershing Dechard, Mrs. N., Walton, C-2 Dewey, Peggy, 106 S. Congress Dikeman, Ruth, 705 E. 31 St. Diller, Kathleen, Brookside Dr. Dobrovolny, Mary C., College Station Edge, Mary L., 108 Sterling St., Bryan Faires, Virginia L., 516 Walton Dr. Fox, Margaret F., 200 S. Haswell, Bryan Goodman, S. W. (Mrs.), 105 S. Baker, Bryan Gordon, Ruth J., 615 E. 31st St., Bryan Hall, Mary E., 601 E. 26th St., Bryan Houston, Betty M., Walton, C-13 (digitization stops here) Digitized with Battalion, 3 June 1941 1941 – July “Forty-two girls have enrolled for the second session. The majority reside in Bryan or in College Station. A small percentage of single girls are occupying Walton Hall which is also occupied by married couples.” “Registration Fails to Reach First Session Figure,” Battalion, 23 July 1941, page 1 1941 – July 72 (undergraduate) plus 4 (graduate) “Final Registration Climbs to 1119,” Battalion, 30 July 1941, page 1 1941 – Summer Issues of the Bryan Daily Eagle are not digitized on Newspapers.com; the microfilm needs to be checked. 1944 – Summer "Among the school superintendents who will be instructors in the summer normal at Texas A & M, will be Miss Wesa Weddington of Bryan will Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 March 1944, page 4 44 be preceptress of women and instructor in psychology and Texas history …" 1946 – Spring “Already the Departments of English, History, Rural Sociology, Education and Psychology, Modern Languages, and Landscape Art have agreed to offer such courses.” “College Plans Extension Classes with Degree Credit for Ex-Servicemen’s Wives,” Battalion, 13 December 1945, page 1 1946 – Spring “Dean Brooks has been in correspondence with other colleges, including the University of Texas, Texas State College for Women and Southern Methodist University, and is assured that they will be willing to allow credit toward degrees for the courses taken at A & M. Credit cannot be allowed at Texas A & M since the school does not offer degrees to women. The standards and requirements in all courses will be essentially the same as in regular resident work, it was stated. Fees will be $5.00 per semester hour.” “Courses Offered for GI Wives,” Battalion, 4 February 1946, page 1 1946 – Spring Mentions 4 classes English 212, Landscape Art 415, Modern Language 105, and Rural Sociology 311 OR 312; "... the courses cannot be offered, however, with fewer than twelve students..." "Dean Brooks Announces Extension Courses for Ex-Servicemen's Wives," Battalion, 18 February 1946, page 1 1946 – June 56. "Enrollment at AM Reaches New Peak; Reported at 4001," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 June 1947, page 1. 1946 - Summer Kathy Williams, summer Battalion reporter, writes about some of her experiences at A&M. She wrote, in part: “They say variety is the spice of life. Well, it seems that I have had my share and they are now sending me packing back to Tessieland after a summer as a transfer student at A. & M. For I was one of the several Bryan girls who daily trod the steps of the Academic building carrying a stack of books and trying my best to look intellectual this summer. Registration day was something for the records. Four of us braved "Kathy Returns to TSCW After Co-Ed Summer Here," Battalion, 12 September 1946, page 2 45 it together. You Aggies are not the most discreet creatures – “Hey sister, Whatta ya doin’ here ? Dontcha know this aint co-ed”. A hearty welcome! Then too we had a little trouble finding courses. We were almost sure that T.S.C.W. wouldn’t accept Animal husbandry credits. And when we did get settled I personally had a little difficulty convincing my teacher that the Wilson in the back row, corner, (for they invariably put us in the back) was not a Mr. or a Mrs. but definitely and unquestionably a MISS.” 1946 - June “Mrs. Ruby A. Bauer, former private first class in the WAC, was the first woman veteran to enroll under the GI Bill. Mrs. Bauer, from Paris, Texas, was in service eighteen months. During the first part of the war she was a parachute rigger under Civil Service; after entering the WAC she served in clerical work. She is taking English and Landscape Art this summer. Her husband, Benjamin B. Bauer, is studying veterinary medicine here. Among other servicewomen registered are Mrs. Don Early, Hazel R. Davenport, Delmo R. Alford and Lynn C. Atkins.” “3,301 Register for Term …,” Battalion, 6 June 1946, page 1 1946 – June “The first woman veteran to enroll at Texas A&M College under the G. I. Bill of Rights educational provisions is Mrs. Benjamin B. Bauer of Paris, whose husband is studying veterinary medicine at the college. She is enrolled for courses in English and landscape art this summer. Mrs. Bauer, former WAC private first class, was in service for 18 months, assigned to clerical duties. She formerly lived in Orlando, Fla. Her husband, son of Mrs. Adelaide Bauer, 714 Graham St., served with the Army Air Forces. Several other women veterans have enrolled at the college since Mrs. Bauer did, according to the Battalion, A & M College newspaper.” Paris News (Paris, TX), 13 June 1946, page 10 1946 – July 32 “3,242 Enroll for Second Summer Term,” Battalion, 29 July 1947, page 1 1947 – Spring "Anyone except regular A.& M. students may register for these courses ..." This article never uses the words "women" or "wives." "Extension Course Registration at AM Opens Jan. 29," 46 Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 January 1947, page 1 1947 – June 59 "Enrollment at AM Reaches New Peak; Reported at 4001," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 June 1947, page 1 1947 – July 45 women enrolled in second summer session. "3155 Enrolled in Summer Term at A&M College," Bryan Daily Eagle, 25 July 1947, page 1 1947 – Fall “Extension courses for veterans’ wives in six different departments will be offered this semester, with hours to be arranged early next week, Dr. T. F. Mayo, chairman, has announced. Forty wives were present at last night’s initial meeting, and eighty requests for courses were accepted. However, it is not too late to register for courses, Dr. Mayo stated this morning. Wives interested in any of the extension courses are urged to meet at the times and place listed below to arrange regular meeting hours. Those interested in English course, will meet at 2:90 p.m., Monday, in Room 129. Academic Building. Nineteen requested an English courses ...” Battalion, 19 September 1947, page 1 1947 – September “Extension courses for veterans’ wives in six different departments will be offered this semester, with hours to be arranged early next week, Dr. T. F. Mayo, chairman, has announced. Forty wives were present at last night’s initial meeting, and eighty requests for courses were accepted. However, it is not too late to register for courses, Dr. Mayo stated this morning. Wives interested in any of the extension courses are urged to meet at the times and place listed below to arrange regular meeting hours. Those interested in English course, will meet at 2:90 p.m., Monday, in Room 129. Academic Building. Nineteen requested an English courses ...” "Veterans' Wives to Arrange Course Hours Next Week," Battalion, 19 September 1947, page 1. 1947 – Fall “Mrs. Juanita Murray, who had served as a lieutenant in the Womens Army Corps in WWII, enrolled at A&M under the G.I. Bill in the fall of Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 July 1976, page 22 47 ’47. She attended A&M until first summer session of ’53, earning some 76 hours. She transferred to Sam Houston State and graduated there the same year. Later she returned to A&M in ’65 and received her masters degree in education in ’67.” 1948 – Spring "Vets Wives to Choose Courses in Y Tonight," Battalion, 3 February 1948, page 1 1948 – Spring "Extension Course Schedule for Vet Wives Announced," Battalion, 11 February 1948, page 1 1948 – June 50. “Among those registering were 50 co-eds, most of them wives of veterans now attending A&M. A majority of the ladies enrolled in liberal arts courses, but at least one, Mrs. Frances Dushek, signed up for two courses in mechanical engineering." "3402 Students Register for First Semester Term," Battalion, 9 June 1948, page 1 1948 – June “However, a recent Battalion survey turned up 75 reasons for attending summer school and they are all women. The girls are going to prove to be the silver lining in the summer educational cloud. Even the most discouraged among us takes heart when, upon entering class, he sights one or more of our female students. The fact that some of them are not sporting a wedding band is tonic to our souls, But, perhaps the women too are unhappy at the prospect of spending their summer in school. Then, it is up to the unattached members of the student body to make life here as pleasant as possible for our summer guests. Ladies, if there is any attraction to summer school you are it, and you are bid a hearty welcome from us all.” “Even Summer School Has Advantages,” Battalion, 11 June 1948, page 2 1948 – Fall Offered by Dept. of Modern Languages; to meet 3 times a week. Spanish Classes Open for Ladies," Battalion, 24 September 1948, page 1. 1948 – Fall Courses were Landscape Art 320; Geography of "Wives of Veterans 48 Europe; Education 611; Beginner's Conversational Spanish. Note that one course was at the graduate level. Offered 4 Courses for College Credit," Battalion, 27 September 1948, page 1 1949 – Spring "Equivalent to regular college courses, these extension courses carry credits transferable to other colleges. However, they do not lead to a degree at Texas A&M ..." "Extension Courses for Vet Wives to Be Discussed," Battalion, 3 February 1949, page 1 1949 – June “Miss [Jeanne DuPriest is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. L. R. DuPriest of 501 Coulter Drive … Miss DuPriest is a member of the Art and Fashion Club and will attend summer school at Texas A&M.” “Miss [Zenobia Webb] Myers … is the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Allen Myers 700 South College Avenue … Miss Myers, also a member of the Art and Fashion Club, expect to attend A&M summer school part of the summer …” “3 Hockaday Students to Get Home June 6 for Summer Months,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 May 1949, page 5 1949 – June 132 "3062 at A&M," Houston Chronicle, 12 June 1949, page 18 1949 – June 130 "2452 Register Here for Second Summer Term," Battalion, 20 July 1949, page 1. 1949 – July 46. "the number of female students took a drop from 130 to 46 ..." "2452 Register Here for Second Summer Term," Battalion, 20 July 1949, page 1. 1949 – July “Allie Jean Kosarek is one little girl who’s made up her mind that summer or not, she’s gonna learn something. Allie Jean has registered for second term at A&M’s summer sessions. Good luck, Allie Jean.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 22 July 1949, page 5 1949 – Fall “Mrs. J. T. Swanson of Navasota is spending the summer in Englewood, Colorado near Denver with her sister, Mrs. H. H. Alldredge. Margaret Zuber expects to join her there, as soon as she gets through summer school at A. & M. College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 June 1949, page 2 1949 – Fall A meeting to decide which classes to take. "Extension Work 49 for Vets' Wives," Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 September 1949, page 10 1949 – Fall "At least 10 women must enroll before a course can be offered ..." Courses are open to "student veteran's wives and wives of faculty members ..." [This is the only mention I have seen that faculty members' wives could take these courses.] "Wives of Vets Plan Courses for Fall Term," Battalion, 28 September 1949, page 1 1950 – Spring “A course in guidance will be offered by the Education and Psychology Department. A three hour course, the classes will meet every Tuesday and Thursday evening from 7 to 8:36 on the first floor of the Academic Building. Those persons who wish to inquire about this course should be at the department office Thursday evening. The first class will be held then, Dr. Mayo said. A psychology course,. ‘Advanced Educational Psychology’ will meet every Monday Wednesday and Friday from 9 until 10 a. m. This three hour course will also be taught on the first floor of the Academic Building. Second semester Russian, Language 110, will also be offered under the extension course. Dr. Mayo said. Arrangements may be made with Dr. Stadelman in the Department of Modern Languages; Sociology 416, “The Family”, will be taught every Monday, Wednesday and Friday on the second floor of the Agriculture Building. A three hour course, it will meet from 10 until 11 a. m. The course analyses family relationships and problems. A course In meteorology which carries there hours credit will meet Monday, Wednesday, and Friday at 11 a. m. It will include a study of weather and climate and problems which they create. The subject will be taught on the first floor of the Chemistry Building. Elementary journalism, which is a three hour course, will be offered if there sufficient demand.” “Vet Wives Course Plan Announced by Mayo,” Battalion, 6 February 1950, page 1 1950 – Spring List of classes offered. "Extension Work for Vets' Wives Offered at A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 February 1950, page 3 50 1950 – June Brief biographies of about 15 girls and a similar number of boys who were home for the summer, many of whom attended summer classes on campus. Women students include Pat Lynch, Gail Crawford, Joyce Patrannella, Patsy Bonnen, Anna Jean Godbey, Mary and Marge Parker, Judy McQuillen and Shirley Hampton "CS Co-Eds Boost Summer Enrollments," Battalion, 13 June 1950, page 4. 1950 She had attended A&M for 2 summers but graduated from Baylor. "Miss Gail Crawford to Teach in Austin," Battalion, 13 December 1951, page 4 1950 – July Overall enrollment is down sharply as veterans graduate or leave campus for other reasons; 56 women enrolled in summer school for the 2nd session. "A&M Female Ratio Falling, .028 for Each Campus Male," Battalion, 1 August 1950, page 1. 1950 – Summer “Mattye Pearl Henry and Bess Johnson on Navasota were here yesterday. Bess visited with Mrs. A. Benbow, and Mattye Pearl was just taking out from summer school at A&M.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 July 1950, page 2 1950 – Fall "Courses Offered Veterans Wives," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 September 1950, page 8 1950 – Fall “Wives of veterans are invited to meet at 7:30 p. m. Wednesday Sept. 20 in the South Solarium of the YMCA to determine which extension courses will be offered this semester, Dr. T. F. Mayo, head of the English Department, announced today. Dr. Mayo said that almost any course in the College catalogue can be offered if as many as 12 persons ask for it. The charge for these courses is $5 for each credit point. Credits for all courses are transferrable to any college, he added.” "Wives to Select Extension Courses," Battalion, 19 September 1950, page 3 1950 – Fall Lists courses that they asked be taught. "Veterans' Wives Request Courses," Bryan Daily Eagle, 22 September 1950, page 10 1950 – Fall “Courses were requested in five departments, Mayo said. They were: ‘The Preparation and "Vet Wives Chose Extension 51 Marketing of Feature Stories,’ Department of Journalism; ‘Education and Psychology’ and ‘Tests and Measurements,’ Department of Education and Psychology; ‘Plastics and Ceramics,’ Department of Industrial Education; ‘The Government of Texas,’ Department of History; ‘Principles of Sociology,’ Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology.” Courses," Battalion, 22 September 1950, page 3 1951 – June “And, true to previous rumors, the official tally shows female enrollment, too, increased over that of last year. Lest you be misled, though, the total co-ed enrollment is 127, putting them at about a 20 to one ratio with male students … Walton Hall is the sole co-ed bastion on the campus. Fourteen females live in one ramp of that dorm. All other summer co-eds are day students comprising a good portion of 745 students listed in that category by the Housing Office.” "Women Population Shows First Term Ratio of 20-1," Battalion, 15 June 1951, page 1. 1951 – June “Occupying A ramp of Walton Hall are 14 women, most of them are taking courses in elementary school teaching methods.” “Summer Housing Adequate – Boyer,” Battalion, 15 June 1951, page 1 1952 – June 70 women are enrolled, but only 7 live on campus in Walton Hall. "Coeds Invade Campus for Summer Session," Battalion, 12 June 1952, page 1 1952 - Summer “Elizabeth Majors is rejoicing today over passing all her examinations in summer school at A&M College. She got 12 hours credit behind her.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 1 September 1952, page 2 1953 – June “… The enrollment includes … 72 women on the campus who are taking liberal arts classes …” "1,538 Taking Summer Courses at Texas A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 June 1953, page 1 1954 – Summer 84 “Summer Enrollment Shows Good Increase,” Battalion, 9 June 1955, page 1 1954 – Summer “The registrar’s office has revealed that .006% of the students currently enrolled in A&M are women. A recent count shows that 91 lassies have enrolled for the summer term, an increase of 17 over last summer’s first semester. Most of the “Registrar Reports Increase in Female Summer Students,” Battalion, 22 June 1954, page 1 52 lady Ags are from towns within a 50 mile radius of A&M. The housing office said the women students are living in private homes rather than on the campus as they have in the past. One co-ed is here on the G.I. Bill. S. R. Gammon, retiring head of the history department, said that he “takes the girl students in stride,” believing that they exert a civilizing influence on the school. Lela Henry, a Baylor co-ed doing summer work here, said she likes the place, but that she is prejudiced, ‘My father is an Aggie-ex,’ she said, ‘and he wants me to be one too’.” 1954 – July Cartoon; first panel shows a male student saying, “If I can’t impress that coed by slickin’ up, I’ll act the part of an ole Army Aggie! That’ll impress anybody!”; the second panel shows a woman, saying, “What’s wrong with this guy? Doesn’t he get enough of playing soldier during the winter?” “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 6 July 1954, page 2 1954 – July Cartoon; in the first panel a male student says he has spruced up to impress the women students; in the second panel he notes that everyone else had the same idea. “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 15 July 1954, page 1954 – Summer through 1956 – Summer At Texas Tech. About Marilyn Floeck of College Station. "She has attended summer school at Texas A&M, which is all male during long session, for three years." "855 Agriculture Majors Welcome Girl to Class," Odessa American, 11 November 1956, page 17 1955 – Summer 102 this year, as compared to 84 last summer “Summer Enrollment Shows Good Increase,” Battalion, 9 June 1955, page 1 1955 – Summer “W. R. London and daughter, Virginia are spending the week-end at their home on. Church street from College Station where both are summer students of A<&M College.” Daily News-Telegram (Sulphur Springs), 26 June 1955, page 5 1955 – Summer “Mrs. Velma Graham and daughter, Miss Marie Graham, will leave Saturday morning in their car for Dallas for a vacation visit of several days with Mrs. Graham’s sister, and family, Mr. and Mrs. J. C. Harrison. Miss Graham has finished summer school at A&M College and will have this vacation before returning to Waco to re-enter Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 August 1955, page 9 53 Baylor University, where she will be a sophomore student.” 1955 – July “Miss Patti Couch, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fred Wimberly is to arrive Friday afternoon after completing her freshman year at Radcliffe College, Cambridge. She and her mother will leave Sunday for College Station, and Patti will enter summer school at Texas A&M, staying in the home of her | grandparents, Mr. and Mrs. George G. Chance. Mrs. Chance is in the hospital at Marlin, and Mrs. Wimberly will be spending much of her I time this summer in Marlin and College Station.” Sweetwater Reporter, 9 June 1955, page 4 1955 – July “Miss Mary Sue Howze, of Kerrville, will be the guest of her uncle and aunt, Mr. and Mrs. Clifton C. Carter, while attending the second summer term at Texas A&M College. In September she plans to re-enter the University of Texas where she will be a junior student. Miss Howze is a member of Kappa Alpha Theta sorority.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 July 1955, page 8 1956 – June 106 "2,028 Enrolled in A&M Summer School Classes," Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 June 1956, page 7 1956 – June Mary Ann McClure, of Bryan, tries to figure out the maze in Sbisa Hall as she stops at the English Desk to ask directions.”” Photo with caption; Battalion, 7 June 1956, page 1 1956 – July 70 Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 July 1957, page 10 1956 – July “Old Sully Will Never Be The Same – The Coeds at A&M like Sully too. Here are 13 that include Jo Ann Nolen, Anne Price, Pat Holbrooks, Joyce Wilson, Josette Campbell, Carolyn Falgean, Rosemary Gomez, Sue Gibson, Suzy Harris, Mary Lois Boone, Dorothea Varisco, Reta Stiteler and Winnie McIlroy.” Photo of Sul Ross statue surrounded by female students, with caption; Battalion, 12 July 1956, page 1 1957 – Summer “Several couples and two women teachers are living in one of the ramps in Walton Hall. Later this summer several girls are expected to live in Walton also.” “Enrollment Hits High With 2,135 Students,” Battalion, 6 June 1957, page 1 54 1957 – June 151; 124 women enrolled in first summer session in 1958; there were a 151 women enrolled for the same session in 1957 "124 Women at A&M for Summer Class," Bryan Daily Eagle, 2 July 1958, pages 1, 10 1957 – Summer “Miss Carol Oliver and Miss Jean McQueen have returned from Lubbock where they have been students at Texas Technological College. They both plan to take courses at the summer school of A&M College.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 2 June 1957, page 14 1957 – Summer “Proof Positive that some of the 142 female students who enrolled a month ago are still here is shown above. From left to right are Jim Carrell, Carol Conway, Jean McQueen, Blanchard Lenoir, Mary Ann McClure, Diane Harris and Carol Oliver.” Photo with caption, Battalion, 27 June 1957, page 1 1957 and 1958 summer schools “Lynda Lynch of Bryan said promptly that she planned to attend summer school at Texas A&M and take government and English. The freshman coed proceeded to say that she attended |A&M last summer .and that it was hard but fun – “I loved it – all those boys!" J-TAC (Stephenville), 20 May 1958, page 3. Includes her photo. 1957 – June Cartoon; male student saying “howdy” to a female student. “What a Difference the Summer Makes,” Battalion, 13 June 1957, page 2. 1957 – July 74. “A total of 1,984 students are attending the second term of the summer school at Texas A&M College Of this number 161 are at the Junction Adjunct. For the same period in 1956 there were 1,893 enrolled, including 170 at Junction Adjunct. There are 74 women students enrolled for the second term and for the second term in 1956 there were 70 women students enrolled at the college.” Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 July 1957, page 10 1958 – June 124. 124 women enrolled in first summer session; there were a 151 women enrolled for the same session in 1957. "124 Women at A&M for Summer Class," Bryan Daily Eagle, 2 July 1958, pages 1, 10. 1958 – July 75 “Second Term Draws 2,183 Students,” Battalion, 24 July 1958, page 1 55 1959 – June 167 "Summer Enrollment 2,596 Sets Record," Battalion, 18 June 1959, page 1 1959 – June Cartoon; professor is trying to get the attention of the class, but all the men are staring at a female student “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 11 June 1959, page 2 1959 – June Cartoon; first panel shows two women, saying, “We’ve been in school for two weeks now and no one has asked us for a date!” The second shows two men, saying, “I sure would like to get a date with one of those girls, but there’s probably a waiting list!” “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 18 June 1959, page 2 1959 – June “Mrs. G. F. Alsbrook and little daughter, Ann, left for College Station, where she will attend the summer session of college. She will live with her sister, Mrs. Robert Kensing.” Harper Herald, 12 June 1959, page 1 1959 – July 88 “2,188 Attend Second Summer Session,” Battalion, 30 July 1959, page 1 1960 – June 130 "Enrollment Set at 2,512; 3-Year Low," Battalion, 16 June 1960, page 1. Includes 130 female students (down from 167 women last summer). 1960 – Summer “Miss Dorothy Berry, recent graduate of A&M Consolidated High School now attending summer school at A&M, prepares to take a swim in the Henderson Hall swimming pool. Swimming is only one of many activities summer school students are finding to relax and to try to keep cool.” “Swimming Anyone?” Battalion, 23 June 1960, page 4 1960 – Summer "Around Brazosport ... Jane Wade, attending a six week summer session at Texas A&M." Brazosport Facts, 1 August 1960, page 1 1961- Summer (both sessions) 327 “Summer Students Number 4,795,” Battalion, 14 September 1961, 56 page 17 1961 – Summer "Last year coeds desiring to live in a college dormitory were housed in Henderson Hall, the air-conditioned, carpeted athletic dorm; however, no coeds reside on campus this year ..." "Enrollment Increase Continues Upswing," Battalion, 14 June 1962, page 1 1961 – June Photo of woman registering for classes Battalion, 8 June 1961, page 1 1961 – June Cartoon depicts woman registering for classes; one of the professors at the registration table says to another, “… One thing for sure – there won’t be any sleeping in class when girls enroll in your course!” “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 8 June 1961, page 2 1962 – Summer "Last summer Mrs. [Richard] Poe attended Texas A&M and plans to do so again this summer." "Visit to SFA Lab is Interesting," Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 January 1963, page 17 1962 – June "There were 203 coeds enrolled at Texas A&M last summer." "A&M College Registration Set Monday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 31 May 1963, page 4. 1962 – June “Come on Over, the Water is Fine. Pretty Miss Sondra Covey, a co-ed from Sam Houston State, basks in the sun at the new outdoor swimming pool. Miss Covey is a sophomore living in College Station and at tending summer school between dips in the pool.” (Photo by Ronnie Fann) Battalion, 7 June 1962, page 3. Photo with caption. 1962 – July “Janet Darrow, who is just a summer Aggie, being a regular student at the University of Texas, hits the books this week [to] prep for the finals coming up tomorrow. Janet’s father, Dr. Robert Darrow, is a full-time Aggie, a professor in the Department of Range and Forestry.” "Summer 'Aggie' Hits Books," Battalion, 12 July 1962, page 1. Photo with caption. 1962 - August Cartoon of two women in swim suits next to a pool, with a periscope watching them. The caption reads, “I have the feeling we’re being watched.” “Cadet Slouch,” Battalion, 2 August 1962, page 2. 1963 – June 270 "A&M Student Record Set for 1963 Summer Session," Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 June 1963, page 3 57 1963 – September 152 (preliminary total). These were preliminary enrollment totals, showing all but 12 of the 152 coeds enrolled were married; the final numbers, published later, did not break down statistics by race or gender. "1st Enrollment Totals Smaller Than '62 County; 4 Negroes, 152 Women Included," Battalion, 17 September 1963, page 1 1963 – September “There are 175 women students in the co-educational program and all but 12 are married …” “State Support of Houston U. Reduces Fish,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 25 September 1963, page 14 58 Appendix A: Obituaries and Biographies of Former Students Guthrie, Peggy C. Medina Peggy C. Guthrie, 86, of Paris passed from this life Monday, Dec. 7, 2009, at Dubuis Hospital of Paris, Texas. Starrett Funeral Home conducted memorial services at 1 p.m. Saturday, Dec. 12, at First United Methodist Church with Rev. Van Lazaroff, Rev. Sharon Clepper, Rev. Beverly Olsen and Rev. Mark Hutchison officiating. Serving as eulogists were Mike "Sparky" Rhodes and Joanna Armstrong. She was born Nov. 23, 1923, in College Station, on the campus of Texas A&M University, a daughter of Alfredo and Aurora Nunez Medina. Her mother later married Leonard David Trevino, who raised her and she knew as her father, and was a loving grandfather to her children. She entered A&M Consolidated Elementary School at the age of five, speaking no English. In 1940, she graduated from A&M Consolidated High School, where she was salutatorian of her class. She was voted most popular senior girl and received a medal in drama. She attended Texas A&M University during summer school. She then entered the Texas State College for Women (now TWU), where she was freshman counselor during her sophomore year and was foreign language assistant to Dr. Rebecca Switzer. That same year, she was inducted into the Chapparal Club. She graduated with a degree in Foreign Trade and Spanish. Following graduation, she went to work for Braniff Airways in the Training Department. She taught airline hostesses conversational Spanish and assisted Hispanic pilots with communication problems. She helped translate the Radio Communications Manual with Mexican personnel. She was personal secretary to Mr. Cliff Ewing, Training Department Head for Braniff Airways. Peggy left Braniff to work for the A. Harris & Company as private secretary to Promotion Manager, Mrs. Margaret Evans, also doing translation and interpreting as needed at the store. She met James E. (Jimmy) Guthrie in November of 1945, and they were married April 7, 1946. He preceded her in death Sept. 7, 2000. She attended Paris Junior College, and obtained her Masters degree from East Texas State University. She taught for one year at PJC, and for one year at ETSU. She received the Finest Teacher Award from Paris High School in 1967, where she taught until her retirement in 1983. She served on the board of Co-Ministry, serving as chairperson following 10 years of service as secretary, as well as having been a volunteer since 1991. She was a member of the board of the Paris Public Library, was a volunteer with CASA for Kids, the Salvation Army, RSVP (from whom she received her 15-year pin and 20-year pins), and Family Haven. She was a member of Church Women United and was highly honored by the organization in recognition of Outstanding Service for Humanitarian Endeavors in September 2007. She was also a member of Littleton-Hite Bible Club, United Methodist Women, Esther Circle and Mary Circles, and the Paris Retired Teachers Association. She was a past member of The Little Black Book Poetry Society and the International Poetry Society, as well as St. Joseph's Auxiliary. She was a current member and secretary of Local A.A.R.P. #918. She did extensive translation work throughout the Paris area and was a lifetime member of the Order of the Eastern Star. She was an avid participant in PrimeTime, where she was a "Flaming Red Hatter." A devoted member of First United Methodist Church since 1947, she was a member of the Couples Class and served on the We Care committee, having also served as a Sunday School teacher. Her hobbies were doing God's work, spending 59 time with family, embroidering, reading and writing poetry. Several items of her poetry had been published. Those left to cherish her memory are her daughter, Sandra Parton and husband, Leon, of Dallas and daughter, Pam Pruett of Paris; grandchildren, James Nicholson and wife, Anne, of Pearland, Rebecca Clive and husband, George, of Little Elm, Heather Norton of Philadelphia, Penn., Hillary Parton of New York City, and Rease Parton of Arlington; great-grandchildren, Britney Clive Cave and husband, Brandon, of Lewisville, Jessica Clive and Devin Jacob Clive, both of Little Elm; and a great-great- granddaughter, Joselyn Dominguez of Little Elm; special niece, Melissa Jumper of Paris; as well as extended family scattered around the country here and in Mexico; and many cherished students throughout her years of teaching. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/103911148/margarita-concepcion-guthrie * Hall, Mary Allice Saunders Mary Allice, 95, of Bryan, went to be with her Lord on July 6, 2015. A time for family to receive friends will be at 10:00 am on Thursday July 9, 2015 located at the Kurten cemetery. Mary was born on June 12, 1920 to Hal A and Irene (Board) Saunders in Bryan, Texas. She graduated from Stephen F. Austin in Bryan, Texas in 1937 and attended classes at Texas A&M College and Pan American Junior College. Mary was an active life time member of 1st Presbyterian Church of Bryan, Texas. She was also involved with the host program and a active member in the woman’s circle. Mary was an avid knitter, needle pointer and a child advocate in her retirement years. Her professional career was spent with the Texas Education Agency as a counselor in vocational rehabilitation. She is preceded in death by her husband J.W. Hall Jr. Mary leaves behind her children; Mark Hall, Cathie LaGrange, Bill Hall; six grandchildren, and ten great grand-children. As an expression of sympathy, memorial contributions may be sent to Voices for Children 115 N Main St, Bryan, TX 77803. Please share memories and tributes to Mary at www.hillierfuneralhome.com. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/148798858/mary-alice-hall * King, Bennie Merle Winstead Bennie Merle Winstead King, 91, of Lubbock, passed from this life to join her Heavenly father on Tuesday, January 31, 2017 at her home. Funeral services will be 11:00 a.m. Saturday, February 4, 2017 at Stevens Funeral Home Chapel, 400 West Pecan Street, Coleman, with Rev. John Stanislaw officiating. Burial will be in the Coleman City Cemetery. Services are under the direction of Stevens Funeral Home. She was born February 8, 1925 to George C. Winstead and Danie Morris Winstead in Rockwood. She lived with her family on a farm east of Coleman in the Coleman Junction Community. She had three older brothers, one younger brother and one who died at the age of nine months. She loved being the only girl and was very proud of her brothers. The worked hard and played harder on that farm. She accepted the Lord Jesus Christ as her Savior at a 60 very young age. She loved to tell the story of when her brother Roy would spook her horse trying to get it to buck her off. Once they were by their tank and Roy spooked her horse. She fell losing her favorite ring in the process. She got up, dusted herself off, politely threw dirt in Roy’s face and ran back to the house. Roy brought her horse back to her and apologized. He eventually found her ring and she forgave him. On July 26, 1942, Bennie married the love of her life, James Willie King in Rockwood. The celebrated 65 years of marriage. James preceded her in death on April 23, 2007 in Lubbock. James and Bennie were Aggie Alumni and attended Texas A&M together. They loved to travel and attended as many A&M games as possible. She would argue to this very day that A&M was the best university in Texas. She was a very proud Aggie and often tried to persuade the younger generation in her family to attend A&M. Bennie worked for the IRS for 30 years, until her retirement in 1990. "Bennie and James attended First Baptist Church in Lubbock. Bennie always read her Bible, which gave her much comfort. She loved the Lord and his word. Bennie was very active in her church and would often joke that she had outlived all of her older church friends. Bennie is survived by her nephew, James Roy Winstead and wife, Jody, of Coleman and their daughters, Jolie Blanchard and husband, Andy, of Gatesville, Jenna Winstead of Austin; niece, Lindra Kae Halfmann and husband, Anthony, of Olfen and their children, Brice Faries and wife, Debbie, of Coleman, Benjamin Faries of Abilene, Jessica Wagner and husband, Ryan, of Kaiserslautern, Germany; nephew, Eddie Winstead of Lake Brownwood; nephew, Jerry Winstead and wife, Bonnie and their daughter, Jennifer Hellen and son Colton Smith, all of Longview, nephew Michael Winstead of California, niece, Sheri Adams of Lancaster. She is also survived by many great nieces, great nephews, cousins and dear friends. She was preceded in death by her parents; husband, James; her baby brother, Walton; brothers, Roy Anderson Winstead, George Winstead, Louie Earnest Winstead, Henry Winstead and nephew, Robert Winstead. Pallbearers will be James Winstead, Eddie Winstead, Greg Hancock, Brice Faries, Anthony Halfmann and Simon Martinez. "Visitation with the family will be from 10:00 a.m. to 11:00 a.m. Saturday, February 4, 2017 at Stevens Funeral Home. The family requests that the memorial donations in memory of Bennie be made to the Loaves and Fishes Ministry of Coleman or the Coleman Senior Center. Coleman Chronicle and Democrat-Voice, Coleman, Texas, February 3, 2017. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/82094157/bennie-merle-king * McMurry, Carolyn Daspit November 26, 1914 – May 31, 2007 Carolyn Daspit McMurry, 92, of College Station passed away Thursday surrounded by family at St. Joseph Regional Health Center. Services are scheduled for 2 p.m. Sunday at St. Thomas Aquinas Catholic Church in College Station, with Father Michael O'Connor officiating. Burial will follow at College Station Cemetery. Visitation will be from 4 to 6 p.m. Saturday at Callaway-Jones Funeral Home in Bryan. Carolyn was born in Houma, La. She was the oldest daughter of Robert and Margaret Daspit. Carolyn grew up on a sugar cane farm with three brothers and four sisters. As a child, reading and card games 61 were a favorite pastime in the Daspit home, later developing into Carolyn's lifelong passions for reading and bridge. She graduated from Terrebonne High School in Houma, La. Following in the footsteps of her mother and grandmother, she graduated from Louisiana State Normal College in Natchitoches with an education degree. She then returned to Houma to teach at Terrebonne High School. During World War II, Carolyn and four of her siblings joined the military. Carolyn enlisted in the U.S. Marine Corp. on September 20, 1943 as a link trainer stationed in North Carolina. S he met fellow Marine Edgar D. "Hap" McMurry at a family wedding. After a whirlwind long distance courtship, they were married in San Antonio on August 7, 1944. The couple enjoyed an overnight honeymoon in San Marcos. The following day, he returned to duty in San Diego and she returned to North Carolina. After the war, Carolyn and Hap moved to College Station for Hap to attend veterinary school at Texas A&M. Carolyn also attended classes at A&M with a small group of veterans' wives. During this time, the couple had a full house with their two young daughters and two of Hap's Aggie nephews living with them due to the housing shortage. Following Hap's graduation, Carolyn and Hap moved to San Antonio where their third daughter was born. However, it was not long before they moved back to College Station for Hap ("Dr. Mac") to teach at the Texas A&M Veterinary College. Carolyn went to work at the Bryan Air Force Base and later worked in the Oceanography and Meteorology Department at Texas A&M. In the early 1960s, she returned to teaching at Crockett Elementary in Bryan. In 1966, Carolyn received her master's degree in education from Texas A&M. In 1979, Carolyn retired from teaching. Following the death of her beloved husband in 1982, she pursued her dreams of world travel and engaged in her lifelong passions of playing bridge and reading. Carolyn, along with her sister Katharine and friends, traveled all over the world. Carolyn and Katharine often embarked on cross-country car trips visiting relatives along the way. Carolyn drove and Katharine navigated. During their travels, the sisters met bridge partners around the world. Back at home, Carolyn enjoyed playing bridge with many friends and played in many groups. Carolyn gave up driving following knee replacement surgery at age 89. As Carolyn's mobility declined, she was blessed to have her two daughters and a wonderful friend and caretaker, Marilyn Kerr, who enabled her to enjoy her last years in her own home. She was preceded in death by her husband, Edgar, in 1982 and her daughter, Ann, in 2002. She is survived by daughters, Margaret Griffith and husband, Craig and Dorothy Fos and husband, Louis; a brother and sister-in-law, Woodson and Irma Daspit of Aiken, S.C.; three sisters, Agnes Kennedy and Katharine Daspit, both of Houma, La., and Louise Geary of New Orleans; four loving grandchildren, Jason Griffith and wife, Beth, Melissa Hardaway Yeager and husband, Monty, Tim Hardaway and wife, Tracy, and Brandon Fos, who have many fond memories of "MaMaw" and the summers and holidays they spent in College Station and four great-grandchildren. Memorials may be made to Hospice Brazos Valley, 502 W. 26th St., Bryan, Texas 77802. Bryan-College Station Eagle * Williams, Sylvia Meredith 62 “Mrs. Sylvia Williams Retires from Teaching” At the close of last semester, Mrs. S. R. Williams retired from her teaching position at West Side School, where she has taught the sixth grade for the past 15 years. She has served in the teaching profession for 42 years, most of which was spent in Galveston County. In 1905 "Mrs. Williams was born Sylvia Meredith in Chappell Hill. She attended Millican High School, a rural school in Brazos County and taught in the rural schools of Brazos County while attending college. After receiving a Bachelor of Science degree from Sam Houston State Teachers' College (now Sam Houston State University) in 1931, she taught history and government in League City and Dickinson High Schools. She also taught one semester in Mumford school prior to teaching at West Side. She attended graduate school at Texas A&M and at the University of Texas, receiving a Master of Education degree from, the University of Texas in 1943. She also did post- graduate work at the University of Houston. Miss Meredith married S. R. Williams, her former elementary school classmate, in 1949 at Dickinson. They moved to Hearne in 1953 when Mr. Williams was appointed district communications supervisor with the Southern Pacific Railroad. Mr. Williams retired at the first of the year, and now Mrs. Williams will join him in retirement. Looking back at her teaching career Mrs. Williams said "I have always watched and followed with interest the accomplishments of my pupils. There is great satisfaction in watching pupils learn, and then grow into useful citizens in the community." [includes her photograph] Hearne Democrat, 2 July 1970, page 1 * ??? VIRGINIA BOWMAN BLACKBURN, 87, November 9, 1921 – December 6, 2008: beautiful and much- loved wife, mother and friend; now safe at home with her Lord Jesus Christ. She will be remembered most for the legacy of faith in God and love for others that she leaves in the hearts of all who knew her. She was preceded in death by her parents, Nobie Stevens Bowman and Morris Woodson Bowman, and sister Marily Bowman Reid Carrick. She is survived by her husband of 65 years, Charles Blanton Blackburn; daughters Lee Blackburn Graham (and son-in-law Dick) of Knoxville, TN and Lisa Gayle (and son-in-law Bill) of Mt. Juliet, TN; grandchildren Rebecca Graham Prater (and husband Brandon) of Lexington, KY; Miriam, Will and Charlie Gayle of Mt. Juliet, TN and Emily McClelland (and husband Kent) of Springfield, TN; nephews Wallace Woodson Reid (and wife Lisa) and Steven Bowman Reid, all of Memphis. Virginia graduated from Central High School in 1938 and attended Texas A&M before enrolling at Memphis State University, where her scholastic achievements and accomplishments in voice and piano brought her many honors. She was May Queen in 1941, Miss Memphis State in 1942, President of the Panhellenic Council and played leading roles in many dramatic and musical productions. She later earned advanced degrees in education, counseling and administration. She taught for many years at The Hutchison School, was Guidance Counselor and Assistant Principal at several Memphis City Schools, then served as Principal at Delano School until her retirement in 1984. She was a member of Delta Kappa Gamma and Phi Delta Kappa professional organizations. 63 She was a long-time member of Idlewild Presbyterian Church (LeMaster Class) and The King's Daughters (Thalia Circle). A memorial service will be held on Tuesday, December 9th at 2 PM in the chapel of Idlewild Presbyterian Church, 1750 Union Avenue. There will be a private inurnment at Elmwood Cemetery. Memorials may be made to MIFA or Idlewild Presbyterian Church. Family Funeral Care 901-761-8000 (Published in The Commercial Appeal on 12/8/2008) https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/32034981/virginia-blackburn 64 Appendix B: Coeducation Proposals in the 1890s "The Industrial and Art School," Farm and Ranch, 1 April 1891, page 6. Editorial endorsing the passing of a bill by the Texas Senate creating a Texas girls' industrial college, noting that additional work was needed to make the college a reality; no mention is made of the college's possible location. "A. and M. College," Galveston Daily News, 17 February 1896, page 3. "The two literary societies, the Austin and the Calliopean, met as usual Saturday night. The programme was very interesting. The debate was: 'Resolved; that Co-Education is Best.' Affirmative, Hassell; negative, Kerr. After being warmly discussed by both sides the decision was given in favor of the negative ... “... Hon. W. R. Cavitt, Secretary of the Board of Directors, responded to ‘Our College.’ Having been a member of the Board of Directors for fourteen years his remarks were fraught with great interest and he made a strong plea for more room and better equipment to accommodate the young men who so much desire to enter this institution, and who flock here in such great numbers at each successive opening, only to fill the institution up, run it over and go home disappointed. As a possibility of the future he eloquently suggested a female industrial school, to be erected and conducted in connection with the agricultural and mechanical, and the suggestion was received with great favor and enthusiasm ...” Battalion, June 1896, page 52 "An Industrial School for Girls" and "Industrial Education for Girls," Texas Farm and Ranch, 13 June 1896, page 6. Two editorials in favor of establishing such a school. “A Critic Suggests a Way to Educate in Skilled Housewifery,” Dallas Morning News, 28 June 1896, page 15. At Texas A&M. “Woman’s Council,” Dallas Morning News, 17 October 1896, page 12. Advocates admitting women to Texas A&M. “Council of Women,” Houston Daily Post, 22 October 1896, page 2. “Dallas … The State council of the Women of Texas closed its annual session this afternoon. The council work has extended through the week. The body was composed of representative women from all parts of the State. It is nonsectarian and nonpolitical, therefore unhampered in its lines of work. The special work for this year is an endeavor lo obtain a State industrial school for girls or the opining of the doors of the State agricultural and mechanical college at Bryan to the girls of the State.” “To Help the Girls,” Dallas Morning News, 19 January 1897, page 6. Idea for coeducation at Texas A&M. “Girls’ Industrial School,” Dallas Morning News, 29 January 1897, page 3. “While I put forward the plea to ask the doors [of Texas A&M] to be opened [to women], would it surprise you, if I tell you upon the authority of ex-Gov. Hubbard they can not be excluded 65 now? He informed me of a conversation he held with the president of the college, ex-Gov. L. S. Ross, in which he admitted, if girls should apply, he could not exclude them.” "Work for Girls This afternoon a meeting will be held in the parlors of the Delaware hotel of those interested in the work of securing admission of the girls of Texas, on the same footing of Texas, to the Agricultural and Mechanical college of the state. The meeting will take in hand the formulation of a plan of action before the legislature looking to this end. It is understood that Major Cavitt, one of the directors of the college, will be present to aid by his advice and suggestions in the plan to equip the college so that girls can attend." Fort Worth Morning Register, 6 February 1897, page "...ould Admit Girls," Fort Worth Morning Register, 7 February 1897, page 8. Article is torn and some text is missing. W. R. Cavitt was involved in the meeting; article notes the plan to equip A&M so that women could attend is supported by President Winston of the University of Texas. "Annex for Girls," Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 March 1897, page 4. Proposed industrial college for women. "For Co-Education," Bryan Daily Eagle, 28 March 1897, page 6; also in Dallas Morning News, 27 March 1897, page 4. “Waco ... As soon as it was known that Gov. Ross was in the city the promoters of the girls’ industrial school besieged him. Governor Ross gave them to understand that as president of the school he was ready to receive girls as pupils if such became the rule. He declined to enter into the arguments for co-education and preferences as to location, but remarked that no change would be needed in the bill creating the college to enable girls to matriculate as pupils therein. All that is needed is an appropriation with authority invested in the college board. Gov. Ross believes in co-education, and readily conceded the point that the cadets would be improved by the elevating influence of the good girls, whose training would go on under their eye. Both sexes, he thinks, are benefited by studying in one institution.” Scarcely two years ago an organization known as the Texas Woman's Council declared for the necessity of an industrial training school for girls, and began agitating the question. As president of the council, I went before both the finance and educational committees during the session of the last legislature and realized how hopeless to ever ask for several hundred thousand dollar necessary to build and equip separate institution, beside losing the good attained for both sexes by co-education. It is now determined to start anew the agitation, and along lines which will result in success for our demands. The plan is to start a voluntary subscription as a nucleus fund, and let every subscription of money and name stand as a petition to our next legislature to supplement our contributions with a generous sum, and, with necessary buildings and appurtenances, open the doors of the Agricultural and Mechanical college to girls. This is no innovation, but has been done in all the western states with the most pronounced success. An appeal is now made to every woman and girl in our state to aid in this work. Do not delay. To every woman who reads this let her consider herself appealed to personally. This is your 66 work for your daughters. Solicit funds; the contributions need not be large, the small nickels with their attendant names, would in the aggregate loom up as high as a mighty force before our lawmakers. Another thing, make this an issue in the coming campaign. Wherever a candidate announces for legislative honors get a clean cut declaration from his as to his position on this question. If he does not favor an appropriation for girls industrial training while more than a million has been spent for boys, see that the prospective candidate does not go to Austin at the expense of taxpayers. It is gratifying to note that two candidates for governor have, in their opening addresses, declared for industrial teaching – one tentatively, the other in a manly, decisive manner, appreciating the necessity. Reverencing the memory of the late president of the Agricultural and Mechanical college, ex-Governor Ross, it has been proposed to endow the girls' department as a memorial, a fitting monument for a worthy life; and let it to be known as the Ross annex. So appeal to the Confederate camps over the state to aid us in doing honor to one of their number as well as promote a worthy work. Appeal to church societies which gather funds for heathen lands, and ask a few dollars for neglected girls at home. Women of the state, this is your work, our work. Let us go forward without let or hindrance until our object is attained. All money collected, forward to Mrs. Ida V. Jarvis, treasurer, care Fort Worth National bank, Fort Worth, Texas. Ellen Lawson Dabbs, M. D. Pres. Mrs. M. O. Deane, Secretary. Southern Mercury (Dallas), 7 April 1898, page 3 1899: On January 26, 1899, Rep. Grubbs introduced a bill creating the girls industrial college in the Texas House. The bill passed the house, surviving attempts to locate it in Brazoria or Lampasas Counties. When it reached the Texas senate, it ran into roadblocks. On May 4, 1899, competing amendments to the act were filed which would have required the college to be located either at the University of Texas OR at Texas A. & M. Eventually the bill died in the Texas Senate. (Source: Texas House and Senate Journals). Also: "The Senate," Austin Daily Statesman, 5 May 1899, page 2. Very hard to read, but gives some of the reasons the sponsors of the amendments preferred either U.T. or A.& M. "Industrial School Bill," Austin Daily Statesman, 6 May 1899, page 4. Editorial recommending passage of the bill; makes no comment on the possible location of the college. "Bryan May Get It," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 11 May 1899, page 1. About the legislative debate over whether to locate the girls' college at U.T. or at A&M. "Girls' Industrial School," ; "'Still in the Swim'," ; and "The Industrial School," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 18 May 1899, page 2. Three articles on this topic, all on the same page of the paper. "Prof. L .L. McInnis and J. R. Astin returned from Austin Friday, where they have been representing Bryan in the effort to secure the location of the proposed industrial school for girls near the A. and M. College." "Mr. Grubbs in Town," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 18 May 1899, page 7. "... The 67 measure seems near his heart, and he fears that the passage of the senate amendment locating the school as an annex to the A. and M. College ... will result in defeating the measure ..." Bryan, Texas, February 13 – It seems that an industrial college for the young ladies of Texas, for which so many of us have long wished and worked, is at last about to materialize. The parents and daughters of our State will certainly rejoice at its coming. No more enduring and useful monument can be established to perpetuate the memory of the Twenty-sixth legislature and the Sayers administration. Why an industrial college for the girls of Texas not long since been established no one can answer. The only excuse ever given was “want of funds." but this assigned reason no longer exists. No enlightened citizen in or out of the legislature, has ever intimated that such an institution is not needed, or be of incalculable benefit to our people. The history of the world established the fact, beyond controversy, that true education is the bulwark of liberty. Whenever you find an educated people there you will also find a happy, prosperous and independent people, and vice versa. As living examples, to sustain the former assertion, we refer to England and Germany, and the latter we refer to Spain and the Philippine Islands. Even our constitution declares that the diffusion of knowledge is essential to the preservation of the rights and liberties of the people. It has truthfully and forcibly been said that “after all other energies are spent, the strength and grandeur of the State must rest upon education and intelligence. True education – that which best prepares one to live a useful life – capable of advancing the social, moral, intellectual and material welfare of all concerned, consists in the education of the head, heart, hand and body. This is not only applicable to our sons, but to our daughters. Because of the social restrictions thrown around ladies, by nature and custom, they are more circumscribed in business pursuits than men and therefore their business opportunities not so extensive, and for this reason entitled to a greater consideration at our hands – at least an equal chance. They now only ask you, our legislators, to do for them what you have done for the young men of Texas – give them an industrial college, “where they can enter and prepare themselves to battle with life’s checkered, conflicting and ever changing scenes.” We can safely estimate 125,000 young ladies, within the borders of our state, from 15 to 21, inclusive, the proper age to be educated at such a college. We owe them an opportunity to make of themselves better and more useful citizens, wives and mothers. They need and deserve better treatment than they have heretofore received at our hands. Today the true hearts of many deserving mothers and daughters are appealing to our legislators for help in this behalf, and we do not believe a deaf ear will longer be turned to these most righteous appeals. The daughters of Texas have always been her pride, both in times of war and peace. “They have ever been noble in everything that goes to adorn and elevate the character of woman.” Many of these daughters have descended from noble and patriotic parents – men and women, who, “in the days of our contest for freedom and struggle for independence,” stood steadfast at the helm, suffering untold hardships and privations, and with their lifeblood reclaimed for us this great and glorious State – the brightest star in the Union. The spirits of these departed grand old pioneers – the noblest heroes in the world’s history – cry out to us to see that their daughters are no longer neglected. We believe that the time has now come when these appeals will be heard and heeded. 68 Industrious habits, intelligently directed, are essential to the happiness and prosperity of any people. The great Creator never intended that any one, male or female, should remain in ignorance, or spend their days in idleness. There never was a truer saying than that "an idle brain is the devil’s workshop." Then let us rear and educate both our sons and daughters in habits of industry, intelligently directed, for the moral benefit of our country, that they may be of the greatest use to themselves and all concerned. The days of ornamental, superficial education, obtained at a great cost, has passed. This is a progressive age – one of utilitarianism – in which people stop to county the cost and ask themselves the question "cui bono?" What good is to come to me, my people or my country. by this or that step, or by this or that kind of an education? Then the question will be very properly asked, what can be taught in an industrial college for young ladies that will be beneficial? We answer that, among other things, stenography, telegraphy, book keeping, freehand and industrial drawing, vocal and instrumental music, fine art, dressmaking, cooking, housekeeping, gardening, raising both flowers and vegetables, poultry raising, physical culture, and to these add the normal branches. Even though this character of education is comparatively new, it is conceded by all fair, competent and impartial critics, to be the system which brings the greatest good to the greatest news. The emperor of Germany, the home of classics, has said, in substance, that industrial education is the popular and coming education of the world. Nearly all of the older States in this country have provided similar institutions for their girls. Both Mississippi and Georgia have an industrial college for young ladies, filled to overflowing. Dr. J. Harris Chappell president of the Georgia Normal and Industrial college, located at Milledgeville, to whom I applied more than a year ago for admittance of a young lady from this State, wrote me that they then had over 300 in attendance, and not near enough room to accommodate the young ladies in that state who were seeking an industrial education. So we need have no fears, though an industrial college large enough to accommodate 500 young ladies be established, but that out of the 125,000 eligible girls in this State, it would soon be filled to its utmost capacity with the brightest “flowers of Texas.” As to its location, we personally prefer that it be made a part of the Agricultural and Mechanical college. Co-education is said to be stimulus and advantageous to both sexes, and especially beneficial to the morals of young men, and then it would afford an opportunity for parents to educate their sons and daughters at the same place. The advantages thus to be derived are numerous, easily understood and need no explanation. And again, an industrial annex could be established at the Agricultural and Mechanical college and there conducted at much less expense than if made at an independent plant. However, the great aim is to see this much needed institution properly established and the required cost to secure an education at same reduced to minimum. We ask each member of the present legislature to give this matter his earnest, and, if possible, his favorable consideration. Very respectfully, W. R. Cavitt. Houston Daily Post, 14 February 1899, page 4 The Post yesterday published an earnest and able plea from Hon. W. R. Cavitt, one of the directors of the Agricultural and Mechanical College in behalf of the proposed Industrial college for the young women of the State. For years a number of benevolent and progressive men and women of Texas have been urging the legislature to provide for the 69 establishment of such a school, and it is gratifying to observe that their work is about to prove fruitful of success. It is true not only of Texas but of most of the states in the Union that they have been less liberal In opening ways for the progressive education for girls and beyond the elements of a common school education their course of study has been limited in too great a measure to ornamental and immaterial instruction and training. We educate the boys for the practical occupations and in the main confine the girls to the superficial departments of study ... (article continues). Houston Daily Post, 15 February 1899, page 5 "Dr. Dabbs Thinks the Bill Will Pass," Dallas Morning News, 4 March 1899, page 8. To create a Texas industrial school for girls. "Industrial School Training," Dallas Morning News, 5 March 1899, page 24. The superintendent of Dallas schools endorses a girls' industrial school. "Girls' Industrial School," Dallas Morning News, 9 March 1899, page 3. Statements from various people supporting the school. "Austin Letter," Southern Mercury (Dallas), 9 March 1899, pages 10-11. "The friends of the Grubb's bill, providing for the creation of an industrial school for girls, held a very enthusiastic caucus last Saturday ... [It would] be located at Fort Worth ... Considered from an ethical and moral point of view, a woman has as much right to earn her own living as men have ...." "Industrial Education," Dallas Morning News, 21 March 1899, page 3. Grubbs spoke in Dallas. "A Plea for the A.& M. College," Southern Mercury (Dallas), 20 April 1899, pages 1-2. Quoting from a letter written by W. R. Cavitt to the Dallas Morning News: "The people of Texas are to-day appealing to our legislators for such equipment and enlargement of our industrial colleges as will enable them to educate both their boys and girls in our own state. One is as much entitled to a home education as another; both sexes should be treated alike ...." "Girls at the A. and M.," Houston Daily Post, 7 June 1899, page 10. The article first reproduces a letter from a Texas legislator named Grubbs stating the senate will adjourn without coming to a vote on the bill for the establishment of a girls' industrial school. It then reprints a letter from L.L. Foster (president of A&M) which states in part, " ... I beg to state that there is nothing in the organic law of the A. & M. College to prevent the admission of girls on equal terms with boys, and I am informed that when the college was first organized a few girls who resided on the campus and were related to the professors were admitted ..." Obviously, Foster would have known the Hutson girls rather well, and I don't think there is any chance he is referring to them in this statement. Foster added, “To provide equal accommodations for, say 100 girls including a dormitory building and equipment, a matron and three teachers of technical subjects for girls would cost about $40,000 for the first year and about $10,000 for teachers and maintenance thereafter. For 70 additional students an additional room and teachers would be required. The subjects now taught in the college applicable to both sexes are algebra, trigonometry, calculus, English, history, composition, rhetoric, chemistry, German, French and Latin. Technical subjects taught that could and should be taught to girls are dairying, entomology, fruit culture, botany, metallurgy, zoology and free hand drawing. In fact there are but few studies taught In the college that might not with equal propriety be taught to girls.” “School Directors in Session,” Houston Daily Post, 28 June 1899, page 5. “Fort Worth … The Industrial school association met here today and elected V. W. Grubbs of Greenville president and W. R. Cavitt of Bryan vice president. The object of the association is to keep alive the sentiment in favor of a State Industrial school for girls and to secure cooperation of the school teachers of the State in the movement.” "Regarding A. and M. College," Houston Post, 21 September 1899, page 4. Text of two letters, one from Charles Rogan asking for increased funding for the college and another from "V. W. Grubbs, representative seventeenth district" saying "... I have been reliably informed that there is nothing in the laws providing for the organization and equipment of the A. and M. college which prevents their [girls] admission to it on equal terms as are enjoyed by the other sex, yet no provision whatever has been made by the legislature or by the board of regents of that institution to extend its facilities to the girls, who need such industrial training equally as much, if not more than the boys ..." "Hon. V. W. Grubbs is confident that a plank will be placed in the Texas State Democratic platform demanding industrial education for the children of the state, of both sexes ...." Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 May 1900, page 2 "Industrial School for Girls," Dallas Morning News, 8 October 1900, page 9. People in Kaufman want it located there. "For Industrial Education," Dallas Morning News, 7 October 1900, page 8. Meeting will be held; attendees to include V. W. Grubbs, L. L. Foster of Texas A&M, and others. "Want the Industrial School," Dallas Morning News, 11 October 1900, page 7. The residents of Greenville. "Industrial Education," Houston Daily Post, 11 October 1900, page 3. Meeting about the girls' industrial school was held in Dallas; among those attending were V. W. Grubbs and Alex Hogg. 1901: The Grange argued that the Girls Industrial College should be established in conjunction with the Agricultural and Mechanical College. (From: McDaniel, Curtis E., Educational and Social Interests of the Grange in Texas, 1873-1905. Masters thesis, University of Texas, 1938, pages 125-126, citing the Proceedings of Texas State Grange, 1901, pages .20-21). Among the reasons listed is that when the University of Texas opened, it was not necessary to establish a separate university for women. 71 Texas House Journal, 1901: 5 February 1901, page 312 - Memorial from the State Grange favoring the establishment of an industrial school for girls, and its location at the Agricultural and Mechanical College 8 February 1901, page 345 - Petition from 166 citizens of Greenville, Hunt Co., asking that the girls' industrial college be established as a separate institution and be located as near as possible in the center of the Industrial population of the state. 11 February 1901, page 357 - Petition from 49 citizens of Lampasas, Lampasas Co., asking for the establishment of the proposed industrial college for girls as a separate and independent institution, and that its location be left to the Board of Regents of said school. 13 February 1901, page 375 - Petition of 107 citizens of Hunt Co., asking for the location of the industrial or training school for girls at Campbell, Hunt Co., or for an appropriation for such institution and leave the location of same to a committee appointed by the Legislature. 14 February 1901, page 385 - Full text of State Grange resolution, signed by A.J. Rose 19 February 1901, page 450 - Petition from the W.C.T.U., Ladies of the Maccabees and Woodmen Circle of Hillsboro, Hill Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girl's industrial school, without locating the same, especially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leave the matter to the board of regents of the institution. 20 February 1901, page469 - Petition from the W.C.T.U. of Odessa, Ector Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girls' industrial school, without locating the same, especially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leave this matter to the board of regents of the institution ... 20 February 1901, page 469 - Petition from the W.C.T.U. of Palestine, Anderson Co., same as above. Also a petition from 72 citizens of Palestine, Anderson Co., same as above. 21 Feb. 1901, page 477 – A memorial from Mrs. W.G. Kniffin, of Hillsboro, Hill Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girls' industrial school, without locating the same, especially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leave this matter to the board of regents of the institution. 26 February 1901, page 506 – Petition from the XIXth Century Club of Corsicana, Navarro Co., Texas, asking for the establishment of a girls' industrial school for Texas, and asking that the same be made a separate institution and that 72 it be not made a part of the A. and M. College or any other institution already established. 27 February 1901, page 528 – Petition from the W. C. T. U. of Cisco, Eastland Co., asking for the establishment of the industrial school for girls, and protesting against its location at Bryan. 27 February 1901, page 528 – Petition of 75 citizens of Pecos City, Reeves Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girls' industrial school without locating same, specially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leaving this matter to the board of regents of the institution. 28 February 1901, page 547 – Petition of 130 citizens of Smith Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girls' industrial school without locating same, especially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leaving this matter to the board of regents of the institution. 28 February 1901, page 547 – Petitions from 50 citizens of Clinton, Hunt Co., same as above. 1 March 1901, page 557 – Petition from 50 colored citizens of Caldwell Co., asking for an appropriation of $ 12,500 for an industrial school for colored boys, also an appropriation of $2,500 for an industrial school for colored girls. 1 March 1901, page 557 – Petition from the teachers of the public free schools of Hillsboro, Hill Co., asking for the passage of the bill creating a girls' industrial school without locating same, especially not making it an annex to the A. and M. College, but leaving this matter to the board of regents of the institution. 7 March 1901, page 624 – Petition of 75 lady residents of Bryan, Brazos Co., asking for the location of the proposed girls' industrial school at the Agricultural and Mechanical College, and giving their reasons for the same. 11 March 1901, pages 675-676 – Petition of 50 ladies and citizens of Paris, Lamar Co., asking for the establishment of a girls' industrial school as a separate institution, leaving the matter of location or combination with an established college or educational institution to the board of regents provided for in what is known as the "Grubb's bill," now pending before the Legislature. 12 March 1901, page 693 – Petition of 12 citizens of Hughes Springs, Cass Co., asking for the location of the girls' industrial school at that place. Bryan is advancing strong claims as the most suitable location for the proposed industrial school... for girls. Galveston Tribune, 18 January 1901, page 2 A manifesto of the reasons why Bryan should be selected as the site of the proposed 73 industrial school for girls, has been submitted for the consideration of the legislature. Galveston Tribune, 25 January 1901, page 4 Bryan is a city of commendable forethought and enterprise. The question of establishing a State industrial school for girls is being agitated, and a bill will probably be voted on during the present session of the legislature, to decide whether such institution will be established. But the fact that the bill has not yet been acted on does not dismay the city of Bryan. She is already out in a long letter giving facts and reasons why Bryan is the best and most logical point at which to locate the school! Rockdale Messenger, 31 January 1901, page 4 “Good News for Bryan; the Girls’ Industrial School is Ours if We Want It,” Bryan Morning Eagle, 1 February 1901, page 1. Bryan residents donating money to assist in the efforts included W. Wipprecht and W. R. Cavitt. Gen. H. B. Stoddard, Prof. L.. L. McInnis, Aldermen Walter Wipprecht, Judge J. W. Doremus, Hon. J. R. Astin and Major W. R. Cavitt have gone to Austin in the interest of the Industrial school. The secretary of the business league also received notice by wire from Mrs. Bryan and Mrs. Rosine Ryan of Houston stating that they had accepted the invitation of the Bryan league in compliance with which they would go to Austin in the interest of securing the location of the industrial school at College Station. Bryan Morning Eagle, 7 February 1901, page 3 Austin … A big delegation of citizens from Bryan arrived in town this morning to look after the location of the girls industrial school. They want it erected at Bryan and be a part of the A. and M. college. Senator Wayland’s bill to that effect has been reported favorably by the senate. Judge V. W. Grubbs of Greenville and Messrs. Cavitt and McEnnis [McInnis] of Bryan addressed the house committee on education this afternoon on the bill to establish an Industrial school for girls. Judge Grubbs advocated a separate institution while Messrs. Cavitt and McEnnis wish the industrial school attached to the A. and M. college. Houston Post, 8 February 1901, page 7 "Our Educational School for Girls," Texas Farm and Ranch, 9 February 1901, page 7. Letter urging creation of such a college; does not address possible location. "About Co-Education," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 21 February 1901, page 1. Text of a long letter from James Wilson, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture, to W. R. Cavitt, concerning co- education ... "It has very much in its favor." Dabbs, Ellen Lawson, M.D., “Monument to Ross,” Dallas Morning News, 14 June 1901, page 5. She suggests building an annex to Texas A&M to serve as an educational college for women, as a monument to Sul Ross. She says, in part: “That at the college that he stirred from political lethargy into active work, where he rounded out the close of a many-sided life, always of usefulness to State and people, would be a fitting place to build a monument – not of senseless stone and cold marble that really represents nothing so much as the vanity of builders, but to build a school where every girl, a beneficiary of 74 its teachings, would go forth remembering the memory of Gen. Sul Ross ... There are so many remembrances of Gen. Ross’ life as a citizen, soldier, statesman, teacher and all appeals in well cherished memories by those whom he served in different capacities. Should these come forward to help and the believers in industrial training for girls concentrated purpose, united effort, the monument is built – the school endowed.” "Bryan Business League," Bryan Morning Eagle, 15 August 1901, page 3. "Maj. W. R. Cavitt, in behalf of the committee appointed to secure the Girls' Industrial School for Bryan, reported that the commission would likely be appointed by the Governor in a few days, and that the Committee would make strenuous efforts before that Commission when appointed. He thinks the chances for locating the school at College Station are good." "The Girls' Industrial School," Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 October 1901, page 2. Statement by Bryan resident General H. B. Stoddard encouraging county residents to support efforts to locate the school here. "V. W. Grubbs is Out," Houston Post, 17 November 1901, page 7. He is running for Texas governor. He said, the Texas constitution "also provides that the Agricultural and Mechanical College shall, as a part of the University, be maintained in like manner as the University proper, and I am in favor of adequate appropriations for said purpose, as well as for the support and maintenance of the Girls' Industrial college ...." "Hon. V. W. Grubbs arrived from Greenville yesterday afternoon and delivered an address at the court house on the origin, object and aims of industrial education for women ...." Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 December 1901, page 3. "Judge Grubbs at Bryan," Houston Chronicle, 11 December 1901, page 5. "Industrial School," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 19 December 1901, page 4. About the commission to pick the college's location. "Industrial School Commissioners," (weekly) Bryan Eagle, 16 January 1902, page 1 "Opening at Denton," Dallas Morning News, 24 September 1903, page 9. Of the Texas Girls' Industrial School; does not mention Texas A&M. 75 Appendix C: War Related Non-Academic Courses Offered During World War II These are just a sampling of courses offered. There is no way to estimate how many women later used these courses in their personal or professional lives. “Safe Driving and Trouble Shooting Courses for Women Planned at A. – M.; Meet Twice Weekly, With No Charge,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 January 1942, page 1 “Hedges Begins Safety Courses to Train Women,” Battalion, 31 January 1942, page 1. “Dr. C. C. Hedges, chairman of the College Defense Council, has announced that two courses, Safe Driving and Trouble Shooting, have been arranged to fit women volunteers as chauffeurs of auto mobile driven vehicles. Instruction in the two courses will be given by C. H. Groneman of the college industrial education department. The 'instruction is free and is open to all women of Brazos county. Dr. Hedges has called a meeting for 7 o’clock, Monday evening, Feb. 2, in Room 105, Mechanical Engineering Shop Building of all women interested in these courses. The courses will each run approximately three weeks with two classes each week from 7 o’clock until 9 o’clock in the evening. At the meeting Monday night, details of the course will be worked out and two nights satisfactory to the most enrollees will be selected as class nights. For the safe driving course enrollees will furnish their own automobiles but for the trouble shooting course the cutaway models in the Agricultural Engineering and Mechanical Engineering Shops will be used." “Fouraker Will Conduct New Defense Course,” Battalion, 7 February 1942, page 1. Professor L. L. Fouraker of the A. & M. Electrical Engineering department will be the director of a new defense course called ‘Fundamentals of Radio Communications and Electronic Devices’ which will begin February 16. This course is designed to offer employed men and women an opportunity to obtain a technical background for work in radio communications and simple electronic devices. Enrollees in the course should be high school graduates who have an interest in or a limited experience with radio equipment. Instruction will be given in the mathematical fundamentals necessary in the handling of elementary electrical circuit theory. This will be followed by a discussion of simple electronic devices and the fundamental circuits employed in radio transmission and reception.” “Radio Course at A&M Gets Good Response,” Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 February 1942, page 6. 10 of the 30 students were women. "Plan Engineering Drawing Defense Course at A.& M.," Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 March 1942, page 1. "There also will be a course in industrial drafting, which is primarily for girls ..." "Industrial Drafting Classes are Planned; Are Primarily for Women; Will Start Friday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 10 March 1942, page 5. 16-week course from A&M engineering drawing department. 76 "Two Engineer Defense Courses for Women Begun" Battalion, 10 March 1942, page 1. “Two new courses, one in advanced engineering and one in industrial drafting for women, are to be offered for the training of civilians through the A. & M. Engineering Drawing Department and the United States office of education. The women’s course training will be for community service in industry and government service, and the training for the men will be to provide for draftsmen in industry and government service … The work for the women is to include work in lettering, use of instruments, view drawings, engineering geometry, auxiliary views, revolutions, sectional views, inter sections and developments, pictorial drawing, sketching, size specification, various kinds of symbols in architecture, and house planning and studies.” "Trouble Shooting Course at A-M is Hit with Women," Bryan Daily Eagle, 12 March 1942, page 1. About 40 women have enrolled. "Repair of Motors Not Now Mystery to These Women," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 March 1942, page 8. Lists names of 39 women who completed the course. "Brazos, Grimes County Women Learn about Automobiles in Driving Course," Battalion, 24 March 1942, page 4. “Carburetors, pistons, valves, sparkplugs, distributors and other parts of an automobile are no longer mysteries to 39 Brazos and Grimes County women, for they have just completed a course covering the component parts of an automobile and how to fix them. This was the trouble shooting section of the women’s driving course offered under the auspices of the A. & M. National Defense Council, of which Dr. C. C. Hedges is chairman, with Prof. Fred R. Jones, head of the agricultural engineering department, in charge.” “Engineering Drawing Courses Enroll 54 Persons for 16 Weeks of Training,” Battalion, 9 April 1942, page 4. 35 of the students are women. "Will Offer Night Radio Course at AM This Evening," Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 June 1942, page 1. Open to men and women. "College to Start Drawing Classes in Texarkana Oct. 28," Battalion, 13 October 1942, page 4. Part of the Engineering, Science and Management War Training courses; open to both men and women “A. and M. Offers New Courses to Fit War Workers,” Houston Post, 20 October 1942, page 46. In Houston; the courses are open to men and women. "Drawing Course Will Be Given by AM; Opens Feb. 16," Bryan Daily Eagle, 15 February 1943, page 3. Meets 2 nights per week for 16 weeks; open to both men & women. "Plane Drafting Course Offered at A-M College," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 May 1943, page 1. Open to both men & women. 77 * Kergosien, Barbara Ellen Ellis Barbara Ellen Ellis Kergosien, age 91, passed peacefully from this life surrounded by family on August 22, 2017. Known affectionately as "Nana K," she was born on August 4, 1926, in Houston, Texas, to Matt and Julia Ellis. She grew up in a strong Catholic family. Barbara (Barb) graduated from St. Agnes Academy, Houston, and took drafting classes at Texas A&M as one of the first women to attend the university due to a shortage of qualified workers during wartime. She worked in the Land Department at the Gulf Oil Corporation for ten years before she met the love of her life, Phil J. Kergosien. While visiting the Bay during the Mardi Gras season with her friend, Eve Prague McDonald, she met Phil on the beach below Carroll Ave. Upon Phil's graduation from the U.S. Naval Academy, Barb pulled up her deep Texan roots and became a devoted wife and mother. Her remaining years were dedicated to her husband and seven active children and the support of her many volunteer activities including Girl/Cub Scouting, Our Lady of the Gulf Elementary PTO, OLG parish ministry, the OLA Crescent Club, SSC Sideline Club, and the Bay-Waveland Yacht Club. Her interests included figure-skating, horseback riding, floral arranging, photo album/scrapbooking and dancing. Barbara was preceded in death by her beloved husband, Phil Joseph Kergosien, and cherished daughter, Kay Kergosien Bender, and by her parents, Matt A. Ellis and Julia Rick Ellis, and by her sister, Mary Ellis George (George), and her brother, Thomas Ellis. She is survived by sibling, Joseph Ellis (Lea) of Houston, brothers-ill-laws, Gregory Kergosien and David Treutel, Sr., sister-in-law, Peggy Kergosien Rowley and six of her seven children, Stephen Rick Kergosien (Sherri), Mary Kergosien Benvenutti (Keith), Dr. William Kergosien (Dr. Carolyn), Suzanne Hand (Bill), Geoff Kergosien (Moli) , and Patrick Kergosien (Hope) and by 40+ nieces and nephews. The lights of Naia K's life were her 23 grandchildren, Marc Kergosien, Ellen Clare Ladner, Elissa Wiggins (Patrick), Dr. Austin J. Ladner (Ruth), Dr. Laura McGrath (Patrick), Tyler Kergosien (Chasity), Matthew Bender (Ashley), Erin Ramsey (Paul), Kristin Kren (Nathan), LL Evan G. Ladner (Leslie), James Kergosien, Kimberly Kergosien, Caleb Kergosien, Jaynie Kergosien, Daniel Kergosien, Jessica Hand, Brett Kergosien, Lauren Hand, Pierce Kergosien, Camille Kergosien, Rebekah Bender, Will Hand, and Dr. Erica Benvenutti Karaphillis (Michael) and great-grandchildren, Kristin, Cain, Taylor Rose, Caylee, Peter, Eleanor, Amelie, Anna, Maximilian, Therese, Andrew, Elise and Jude. The family wishes to sincerely thank the staff at Dunbar Village and Notre Dame Hospice nurse Stephanie Parker, Director Missy Altese and Tender Hands caregivers Jessica Carter and Asha Holloway and night caregivers Alma, Debbie, and Mimi. Visitation will begin at 12:30 pm, Saturday, August 26,2017, at Our Lady of the Gulf Catholic Church with a rosary beginning at 1:30 pm. A Mass of Christian Burial will be held at 2:00 pm. Edmond Fahey Funeral Home in Bay St. Louis is in charge of the arrangements. A reception will follow at a family home on Carroll Ave. Barbara will always be remembered for her energetic, spunky nature, her love of family, and her beautiful blue eyes. From Findagrave.com 78 Appendix D: Events of 1958 "Coeducation Needed at A&M Now," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 January 1958, pages 1, 2. It was very unusual for the Eagle to print an editorial on the front page. "Dallas Exes in Protest Over Co-Eds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 January 1958, page 1. Quote: "Girls would destroy traditions we take such great pride in." "Editorial Says A&M Needs Coeducation," Dallas Morning News, 5 January 1958, part 1, page 1. In Bryan Eagle. "Letter to the Editor," Bryan Daily Eagle, 6 January 1958, page 1. "We worry about Negroes being denied an education. We ought to worry about our white students, too. Can your daughter get an education here ? Can your son ? ... Morale is, on our campus, the lowest I have ever seen it in more than 18 years ...." Many other letters to the editor were published over the following weeks; I have not cited those, but the language used by the writers is often interesting. "Dallas News Ridicules Co-Ed Idea," Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 January 1958, page 1 "Bryan Eagle Urges Coeducation," Battalion, 7 January 1958, page 1 "Coeds – Someday," Battalion, 7 January 1958, page 2. Editorial, suggesting possibly phasing in admission of women over 5 to 10 year period. "Local Business Owners for A&M Co-education; Students Opposed," Battalion, 8 January 1958, page 1 "Steps to Coeducation," Battalion, 8 January 1958, page 2. Editorial outlining a gradual process that might be used. "Coeducation Not a New Idea," Battalion, 8 January 1958, page 2. Overview of events in 1953; notes that W.T. Moore then predicted that within 10 years (1963) A&M would be coeducational. "Batt Expects Coeds – Someday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 8 January 1958, page 1. Reprint of editorial from Battalion. "Surprising Support for Co-Education," Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 January 1958, page 1 "Denton Newspaper Doubtful of Action on Co-Ed Proposal," Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 January 1958, page 1 "Angry Students Burn Battalions in Coed Revolt; Cut Papers Piled in Editor's Room," Battalion, 9 January 1958, page 1 79 "Majority of Faculty Favors Coed Move," Battalion, 9 January 1958, page 1 "Keep the Spirit," Battalion, 9 January 1958, page 2. Editorial about coeducation. "Eagle Says Merchants Didn't Ask for Coeds," Battalion, 10 January 1958, page 1 "Letters to the Editor," Battalion, 10 January 1958, page 2. First of many letters on this topic over the next few months; suggests construction of a junior college near A&M which women and male civilian students could attend. "Ann May Try for A and M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 12 January 1958, page 1. Ann Adams may try to enroll. "Potential Aggie Co-ed Fails to Upset Bryan," Houston Post, 13 January 1958, section 1, page 10. About Ann Adams. "Girl Denies Seeking to Enter A&M," Houston Post, 14 January 1958, section 2, page 5. Ann Adams. "Girl Kills Rumors of Entering A&M," Battalion, 14 January 1958, page 1. Ann Adams, an 18-year-old woman from Bryan, denies reports that she will sue for admission to A&M. "Cadet Slouch," Battalion, 14 January 1958, page 2. Cartoon with cadets hanging dummy labeled "coeducation" and sign saying "we hate girls" in background; caption: "I don't care whether or not th' place goes coed, I just like mob demonstrations" "Coed Boosters To Organize," Battalion, 14 January 1958, page 1 "'Friends' Asked Ann to Enroll Next Semester," Battalion, 14 January 1958, page 1. About Ann Adams. "Bryan C of C Not Behind Girls; Blamed Anyway," Battalion, 14 January 1958, page 1. Bryan Chamber of Commerce. "Texas U., Not A&M Ann's New School," Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 January 1958, page 1. Includes photo. "Student Club Formed by Pro-Co-Eds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 15 January 1958, page 1. By William Boyd Metts. "Aggies Vote for Co-Eds by Slim Margin," Bryan Daily Eagle, 16 January 1958, page 1 "Aggie Wife May Seek to Enter A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 16 January 1958, page 1. Mrs. W.C. Gray. 80 "Slight Majority of Ags Favor Coeds; Poll Shows Corps Opposed as Whole," Battalion, 16 January 1958, page 1. Among 296 students interviewed, 142 support coeducation, 133 oppose it; and 21 were undecided. "Charter Filed with Activities by Coed Club," Battalion, 16 January 1958, page 1. William Boyd Metts, president of Aggie Association for the Advancement of Co- education (a play on "N.A.A.C.P.") "25 Aggies Forming Co-ed Support Society," Houston Post, 16 January 1958, section 5, page 3. "Society for the Introduction of Co-education at Texas A and M" being formed by freshman William Boyd Metts, who is attending school on an Opportunity Awards scholarship. "Move Starts on Campus to Seek Coeds for A&M," Dallas Morning News, 16 January 1958, part 1, page 4. Group organized by W.B. Metts. "Group Seeks Ouster of A&M Editor, Dallas Morning News, 17 January 1958, part 1, page 5. Vote by Student Senate because of editorial support for coeducation. "Student Senate at A&M Votes for Editor Ouster," Houston Post, 17 January 1958, section 1, page 3 "Housewife May Lead A&M Co-ed Campaign; 'Mass Action' Hinted," Houston Post, 17 January 1958, section 1, page 5. Mrs. W.C. Gray; includes photo. "Battalion Editor Object of Oust Effort," Battalion, 17 January 1958, page 1 "Student's Wife Tries for A&M Entry," Battalion, 17 January 1958, page 1. Mrs. W.C. Gray seeks admission but apparently never files suit; includes a photo. "Coed Club Killed by Founder Metts," Battalion, 17 January 1958, page 1. He says its purpose was misunderstood. "Co-Educational 'War' Breaks Out on Campus; 'Bombing' of Metts Kept Up; Senate Asks Scalp of Editor," Bryan Daily Eagle, 17 January 1958, page 1. Includes a photo of Metts barricaded in his dorm room, fearful of his safety; his room was "bombed" on at least three different occasions. "Women Will Not Attend A&M, Harrington Says," Houston Post, 18 January 1958, section 1, part 1. Statement from A&M president Harrington; article also notes that Metts was treated in the campus infirmary after inhaling fumes from an ammonia bomb thrown into his room. "Aggie's in Hospital After Bombing in A&M Coed Fuss," Dallas Morning News, 18 January 1958, part 1, page 3. Boyd Metts. 81 "A&M Registrar Rejects Application by Woman," Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 January 1958, part 1. Mrs. Myra Gray; includes photo. "Woman is Rejected at A&M," Houston Post, 21 January 1958, section 1, part 1. Mrs. Myrna Gray; includes photos. "Co-Ed Suit Likely; Escrow Fund is Set Up Via Eagle; John Barron May Handle Gray Case," Bryan Daily Eagle, (22-25 ?) January, 1958, page 1 "Woman Ex-Aggie for Keeping It 'Men Only'; Regrets Her Grades," Houston Post, 23 January 1958, section 6, page 5. Interview with Mrs. Dorales Foster Arnold, who attended A&M in 1924-1925. She has "11 consecutive A and M Ex-Student Association cards"; includes photo. "Mrs. Gray One of Many Prospective Girl-Ags," Battalion, 23 January 1958, page 1. Gives a brief overview of events since 1903. "Bryan Newspaper to Raise Fund for A&M Co-ed Test," Houston Post, 23 January 1958, section 1, page 7 "2 More Bryan Women Seek Entry to A&M Next Term," Houston Post, 25 January 1958, section 1, page 5. Mrs. Barbara Tittle and Mrs. Lena Bristol. "A&M Gets Coach, But Has Co-ed Trouble," Houston Post, 26 January 1958, section 2, page 2. Notes that 20% of the students, including John Hagler (cadet colonel of the Corps), are married. "Hope Not Dead, Bryan Gals Say," Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 January 1958, page 1. Barbara Tittle and Lena Bristol were denied admission to A&M; includes photos. "Coeducation Fund, Petition Growing," Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 January 1958, page 1. "Ready to File," Bryan Daily Eagle, 28 January 1958, page 1 Photo of Bristol, Tittle, and J. Barron. "Women File Suit to Enter A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 29 January 1958, page 1 "Letter to the Editor," Bryan Daily Eagle, 29 January 1958, page 2. Letter opposing coeducation from John C. Winfree, County Judge of Waller County. "Women Knocking at Door of A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 29 January 1958, page 4 "Suit Expects to Launch Coed Campaign at A&M," Dallas Morning News, 29 January 1958, part1, page 11 "2 Women Suing for Admission to A and M; Tax Issue Cited," Houston Post, 30 January 82 1958, section 3, page 1. Bristol and Tittle; includes photo. "Two File Co-ed Suit; Hearing Date Distant," Bryan Daily Eagle, 30 January 1958, page 1. Includes photo of John M. Barron, Mrs. Barbara Tittle, and Mrs. Lena Bristol. "Passmore to Defend A&M Officers," Bryan Daily Eagle, 3 February 1958, page 1. Texas Assistant Attorney General Leonard Passmore. "Aggies to Vote on Coed Issue Next Tuesday," Battalion, 4 February 1958, page 1 "Dallas Paper Views Suit as Serious," Bryan Daily Eagle, 4 February 1958, page 10. Dallas Morning News feels women might win lawsuit. "Mrs. McGaughey is for an All-Male A and M," Houston Post, 4 February 1958, section 3, page 4. Letter opposing coeducation. "Vote Important," Battalion, 5 February 1958, page 2. Editorial. "Coed Issue Debate Slated; Students to Vote Tuesday," Battalion, 7 February 1958, page 1 "Aggieland's Ordeal; Main Issue is Faculty, Board Split," Houston Post, 9 February 1958, section 1, part 1. First of a several part series on A&M by Leon Hale; he notes, among other things, that faculty and staff are afraid to be quoted on the record and that faculty morale at A&M is very low, with many looking for jobs elsewhere. "Ex-Aggie Fights For Coeds," Dallas Morning News, 9 February 1958, part 4, part 1. Article about attorney John M. Barron. "Aggies Vote Today About Coed Status," Bryan Daily Eagle, 11 February 1958, part 1. Includes photo of students at voting machine. "Students Hear Debaters Thrash Co-ed Arguments," Battalion, 11 February 1958, part 1 " 'Anti-Coed' Banner Over Corps Area," Battalion, 11 February 1958, part 1. Someone flew an anti-coed flag from the flagpole in the quad area; it included a "large pair of ladies red panties" "Aggies Vote Anti-Coed by 2 to 1," Bryan Daily Eagle, 12 February 1958, part 1 "Aggies Vote 'No' to Coed Question," Battalion, 12 February 1958, part 1. 1,051 for and 2,478 against (about 2 to 1 against) "Lawyer Getting Evidence for Coed Hearing," Battalion, 12 February 1958, part 1 "Tradition is Big Barrier to Co-eds," Houston Post, 12 February 1958, section 1, part 1 83 "J.K. Yates, S.A. McMillan, Aggie Exes, Greet 'Ordeal' Differently," Houston Post, 13 February 1958, section 7, page 6. Letters. "Co-eds in 3 Other Units," Houston Post, 14 February 1958, section 1, part 1. In other colleges which are part of the Texas A&M System "Sound-off," Houston Post, 14 February 1958, section 2, part 6. More letters. "Agitators Protested as Undermining A&M," Houston Post, 15 February 1958, section 1, page 5. Letter from a woman blaming troubles at A&M on communists and socialists (and noting that J. Edgar Hoover had warned us about this kind of activity). "Dr. Green Must Decide Thorny A&M Coed Issue," Dallas Morning News, 15 February 1958, part 1, page 12. Dr. Ralph T. Green, head of the Texas Commission on Higher Education. "State Board May Rule on Ag Coeds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 16 February 1958, page 1. Texas Commission on Higher Education. "Pro-Coed Petition Destined for Study," Battalion, 18 February 1958, part 1. Petition by 190 Bryan residents presented to Texas Commission on Higher Education. "A&M Suit Answer is Due Here Today," Bryan Daily Eagle, 21 February 1958, part 1 "Elder Barron Joins Son in Fight for Coeds," Battalion, 21 February 1958, part 1. W.S. Barron, a former judge of the 85th district court and former state representative for Brazos Co. (including one term as speaker of the Texas House), joined his son as co-counsel in the lawsuit. "A&M Co-Ed Suit Hearing is Set for March 17th," Bryan Daily Eagle, 25 February 1958, part 1 "Attorneys 'Determined' to win A&M Co-ed Suit," Battalion, 26 February 1958, part 1 "Barrons Talk to Witnesses in Austin," Battalion, 4 March 1958, part 1 "Legal Skirmish Continues in Suit on A&M," Bryan Daily Eagle, 9 March 1958, part 1 "Coed Case Judge Former Aggie," Battalion, 11 March 1958, part 1. W.T. McDonald, '33 "Coed Admission Suit Hearing Opens Monday," Battalion, 14 March 1958, part 1. Includes photo of W.T. McDonald. "A&M Co-Ed Suit Begins Monday," Bryan Daily Eagle, 16 March 1958, part 1 84 "Women's Suit to Enter A&M Begins," Bryan Daily Eagle, 17 March 1958, part 1. Includes photo of Tittle and Bristol in the courtroom. "Coed Hearing Gets Off to Slow Start," Battalion, 18 March 1958, part 1 "Co-Education is Basic Pattern in U.S. Says Experts," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 March 1958, part 1 "A&M Only Land Grant College Not Coed, Green Testifies," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 March 1958, part 2. "In 1923, then president W.B. Bizzell turned down an application by Mrs. Sam Eberstadt of Bryan for admission of her daughter, although 14 women, belonging to campus families, had been enrolled in for the 1922-23 school year. In the 1923-24 school year, 20 campus women were enrolled." ... [talking about various resolutions submitted into evidence] "... one of which showed that 'Judge White' a member of the board, introduced a resolution to full co-education in 1931." "District Court Grants Two Women Authority to Enroll into Aggieland," Battalion, 19 March 1958, part 1 Barron argued, in part, "If a 'pickaninny' has the right to go to any public school in the state, then surely two white ladies have the right to attend A&M." "A&M is Ordered to Admit Women; College Will Appeal Mandamus," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 March 1958, part 1. Includes photo of Bristol and Tittle and the two Barrons. "Campus Split in Reaction," Bryan Daily Eagle, 19 March 1958, part 1. Says reaction among students is split 50-50, though no source for those percentages is given. "2 Educators Argue Coeducational Value," Dallas Morning News, 19 March 1958, part 1, page 15. During their trial testimony; later, one Aggie said, "I have no objection to girls going to A&M if they'll let men go to Texas." "Ruling on Coeds at A&M Brings Outcry from Exes; Police Guard Lawyer," Dallas Morning News, 20 March 1958, part 1, page 4. Includes photos; different version of article in part 1, page 10 [ All editions of the Dallas Morning News are on the microfilm.] "Ex-Aggies Say Phooey on Aggieland Co-eds," Dallas Morning News, 20 March 1958, part 4, page 2. Comments by Dallas area former students; one said, "I am against it all the way – just like I am against letting them vote or serve on juries." "Profane Phone Calls Lash Coed Lawyer; McDonald's Effigy Hung on Campus," Battalion, 20 March 1958, page 1 "Hang Judge Twice Near Aggieland," Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 March 1958, page 1. Over two days; includes a photo of one of the effigies; also notes that a coed was hanged in effigy but it was not labeled. 85 "Board Still Needs to Act on A&M Co-eds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 20 March 1958, page 4. Asks board to look at the question "with eyes wide open" "Students Interviewed Voice Coed Opinions," Battalion, 20 March 1958, page 1 "Coeds Can't Enter Yet, Says Lawyer," Battalion, 20 March 1958, page 1 "Judge Effigy Again Hanged in Protest," Battalion, 21 March 1958, page 1. Second time in two days. "Cadet Slouch," Battalion, 21 March 1958, page 2. Cartoon: "We're coed ! Where're th' girls ? Where're the girls ?" "Appeal Holds Up Co-Ed Admission," Bryan Daily Eagle, 21 March 1958, page 1 "A&M Status Not Changed, Attorney Says," Dallas Morning News, 21 March 1958, part 1, page 8. "Ask New Name if College is Co-Ed," Bryan Daily Eagle, 23 March 1958, page 1. Includes photo of 3 cadets protesting "by symbolically throwing their boots, uniforms, and officers' sabers into a rubbish can." "Sully 'Dressed' for Co-ed Aggies," Battalion, 25 March 1958, page 1. Someone put a dress on Sully's statue with a sign reading, "What Next, Judge ?" "A&M Ordered to Admit Women," Bryan Daily Eagle, 26 March 1958, page 1 "McDonald Files Coed Mandamus," Battalion, 27 March 1958, page 1 "Findings of Facts and Law in McDonald's Decision," Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 March 1958, page 10. Full text of his findings. "Aggieland Goes to Court," Dallas Morning News, 29 March 1958, part4, page 2. Lighter moments from trial. "Commission Says Co-Ed Question is Up to Courts," Bryan Daily Eagle, 14 April 1958, page 1. Texas Commission on Higher Education. "Petition Seeking Coed Study Gets Laid Aside," Battalion, 15 April 1958, page 1. By the Texas Commission on Higher Education until the legal actions end. "Aggie-Exes Frown Upon Co-Eds Here," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 May 1958, page 1 "Ex Aggies Pass Resolution Against Admitting Women," Battalion, 6 May 1958, page 1. By the Council of the Association of Former Students 86 "A&M Case Appealed by Wilson," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 May 1958, page 1. Texas Attorney General Will Wilson. "A&M Granted Extension in Case of Coeds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 June 1958, page 1 "A&M Granted Delay in Suit Over Coeds," Dallas Morning News, 14 June 1958, section 1, page 2. 30-day extension granted. "Parkhouse Denounces A&M Co-eds," Bryan Daily Eagle, 27 June 1958, page 1. State Senator George Parkhouse told the A&M Club of Dallas that he deplored the prospect of "manly traditions" of the college being smothered in a swirl of skirts. One of two women who won a lawsuit requiring all-male Texas A & M to open its doors to females says she may attend another school. Mrs. Barbara Tittle of Bryan, told the Associated Press the college's legal staff evidently is using delaying tactics in appealing the court verdict, and this would prevent her attending classes next fall. Women who have been permitted to attend summer sessions at the Aggie school for some time Enrolled for the first term at A & M this summer are 124 women. Ennis Daily News, 3 July 1958, page 1 "Wilson Holds A&M Can Reject Women," Dallas Morning News, 12 July 1958, section 1, page 17. Texas Attorney General Wilson says the issue should be decided by the legislature, not the courts. "Will Wilson Brief on A&M Says Legislature Has Power," Bryan Daily Eagle, 13 July 1958, page 3. Rather than the courts, to decide whether A&M is coeducational. "Brief Filed in Coed Suit," Battalion, 17 July 1958, page 1. By Texas Attorney General Will Wilson. "Barron Files Answer in A&M Suit Appeal," Bryan Daily Eagle, 3 August 1958, pages 1, 6. "Benefits Belong to All Says Barron in Brief," Battalion, 7 August 1958, page 2 "A&M Co-Ed Case Appeal is Heard Today in Waco Court," Bryan Daily Eagle, 18 September 1958, pages 1, 11. "Court of Appeals Hears A&M Coed Controversy," Battalion, 19 September 1958, page 1 "Court Hears Arguments on Coeds at Texas A&M," Dallas Morning News, 19 September 1958, section 3, page 4 "Barron Foresees Possibility of Losing Coed Appeal Case," Battalion, 23 September 1958, page 1 87 "A&M Coed Case is Reversed in Waco," Bryan Daily Eagle, 2 October 1958, page 1 "Appeals Court Rejects Girls in Coed Case," Battalion, 2 October 1958, page 1 "Ole' Army Shines, Says Losing Barron," Battalion, 3 October 1958, page 1 "Co-ed Case Reactions," Battalion, 3 October 1958, page 2. Editorial, noting reaction to court decision was generally calm on campus. "Appeals Court Rules Out Women as A&M Students," Dallas Morning News, 3 October 1958, section 1, page 4. "Dallas Paper Comments on Coed Ruling," Bryan Daily Eagle, 5 October 1958, page 9. Reprint of an editorial from the Dallas Morning News. "Rehearing Asked on Coed Case," Bryan Daily Eagle, 7 October 1958, page 1 "Rehearing Asked in Appeals Court Decision on A&M," Dallas Morning News, 8 October 1958, section 1, page 7. By attorney John M. Barron. "Rehearing Appeal Filed by Barron; Denial Expected," Battalion, 8 October 1958, page 1. In lawsuit. "A&M Case Rehearing is Rejected," Bryan Daily Eagle, 23 October 1958, page 1 "Barron Loses Again; Files Another Appeal," Battalion, 24 October 1958, page 1. In lawsuit. "Will Go to Supreme Court Barron Says," Bryan Daily Eagle, 24 October 1958, page 10. "Co-Ed Case Going to U.S. Court," Bryan Daily Eagle, 31 December 1958, page 1 "Coed Dispute May Go to U.S. Supreme Court," Battalion, 6 January 1959, page 1 "Court Refuses Coed Plea Again," Battalion, 15 January 1959, page 1. Texas Supreme Court. "No Coeds for Aggieland; This Time It's for Real," Battalion, 7 April 1959, page 1. Decision by U.S. Supreme Court. “Hobgoblin Hunters,” Washington Post, April 9, 1959, page A20. Editorial supporting the decision by the U.S. Supreme Court. "A&M Asked to Study Coeducation," Battalion, 12 May 1959, page 1. Resolution passed Texas Senate by 15 to 13 vote. 88 Landrum, Lynn, “Co-educational A&M?,” Dallas Morning News, 15 May 1959, section.4, page 4. Column opposing the admission of women. "John Barron Files Second Coed Suit," Battalion, 6 November 1959, page 1. For Margaret E. Allred, Sarah C. Hutto, and Mary Ann Parker. "Wilson to Aid A&M Officials in Coed Suit," Battalion, 19 November 1959, page 1. Texas Attorney General Will Wilson. "Coeducation Trial Soon," Battalion, 13 January 1960, page 1. "Entrance Denied to Coeds in Court This Morning; Barron to Appeal to Civil Court," Battalion, 9 February 1960, page 1 "Opinions Vary on Coed Ruling; Battalion Faculty, Student Interviews," Battalion, 11 February 1960, page 1. Students said if coeds were admitted, "coeducation would be disastrous" and "the school would be ruined." "Court Denies Coed Entrance; Loophole Left," Battalion, 20 May 1960, page 1. Confusing article stating that the court suggested in its ruling that if a woman applied to enter A&M to get a degree in floriculture, A&M might let her in. "Again, But ...," Battalion, 20 May 1960, page 2. Editorial stating that the continuing legal battles perhaps leading to eventual coeducation are "like being bitten to death by a duck." "Barron to Appeal Coeducational Case," Battalion, 16 June 1960, page 4. "Texas Supreme Court Rules 'No Coeds'; U.S. Court Next Stop for Women," Battalion, 13 October 1960, page 1