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HomeMy WebLinkAboutUpdated Marker App 103003Table of Contents City of College Station Historic Building Plaque Application 2 Current Use and Ownership 6 Location Map and Site Plans 8 Current Building Photographs 14 Newspaper Articles 17 Personal Interviews 33 Lincoln Center in College Station by Lillian Robinson 36 Lincoln High School: Black Education in College Station by Debbie Jasek 39 A Proposed Plan for the Teaching of the Industrial Arts by Emanuel Mack 49 The Handbook of Texas Online: College Station, Texas 81 College Station Texas 1938/1988 by Deborah Balliew 83 Warranty Deed 88 Desegregation in Brazos County, Texas, 1946 -1971 by Scott Ogden Hill 100 Bibliography 126 The Community House — College Station Historic Marker Application 128 COLLEGE STATION Applicant Information Date of Submittal Name of Applicant Address Telephone E -mail Address II. Owner Information Name of Owner Address Telephone E -mail Address t III. General Building Information Name of Building Address of Building Date of Construction Architect/Designer Builder /Contractor Architectural Period /Style Does the building remain on its original site? Yes - L No (specify original location) City of College Station Historic Building Plaque Application Submit the completed application to the following address: City of College Station, Development Services Department 1101 Texas Avenue, P.O. Box 9960, College Station, TX 77842 -9960 HNCO1/N (A &Ivi CON501- IDAID N SCHo01 -) 10nO el- ANOk COLT - STA110N, TY - 1e 19z1 Legal Property Description of Current Location (Lot and Block Numbers) City of College Station 1 of 4 Historic Building Plaque Application Indicate the original and adapted uses of the building. Original Uses Adapted Uses ❑ Agriculture ❑ Agriculture ❑ Commerce n Commerce ® Education n Education ❑ Government n Government ❑ Healthcare ❑ Healthcare ❑ Industrial n Industrial ❑ Recreation ® Recreation ❑ Religious n Religious ❑ Residential ❑ Residential ❑ Social ® Social ❑ Transportation n Transportation IV. Architectural Description A. Physical Characteristics Number of stories Orientation Floor Plan Open plan L -plan Modified L -plan Center passage plan 2 -room plan T -plan Shotgun plan Asymmetrical plan Other (specify) Roof Type Gable Hipped Flat with parapet Gambrel Mansard Shed Other (specify) Original N1 Current N , N I/ City of College Station 2 of 4 Historic Building Plaque Application B. Materials (Please check all that apply) Construction Frame Solid Brick Solid Stone Concrete Other (specify) Foundation Pier and Beam Stone Brick Concrete Concrete Masonry Units Other (specify) Exterior Wall Surface Siding (specify type) Stucco Stone Brick Wood Shingle Other (specify) Windows Wood Sash Aluminum Sash Single -hung Double -hung Casement Fixed Awning Hopper Sliding Other (specify) Roof Materials Shingles (specify type) Tile (specify type) Slate Metal (specify type) Other Primary Exterior Color Secondary (Trim) Color Original Current n n n City of College Station 3 of 4 Historic Building Plaque Application V. Supporting Documentation Please attach the following information. A. Alterations List any known changes or modifications made to the property throughout its history. B. Prominent Historical Figures List any prominent historical figures associated with the property. C. Property Ownership List all known owners of the property. Include original owner and subsequent owners. D. Tenant History List all known tenants of the property throughout its history. E. Narrative History Attach a narrative explanation of the chronological and historical development of the property. F. Drawings • Provide a sketch of the current site plan. Include the proposed location of the historic plaque. • Provide a sketch map indicating the nominated property and any related sites. G. Photographs Historic • Provide at least one historic photograph of the property. Current • Provide at least one current photograph of the property illustrating in its surrounding context. For example, photograph the streetscape in which the building is included. • Provide at least one photograph of each side of the building. H. Additional Information Provide any additional information that supports the application. This may include architectural drawings, letters, oral histories, newspaper /magazine articles, etc. I. References Attach a list of the books, articles, and other sources used in preparing this form. The College Station Historic Preservation Committee requests that all plaques are mounted on the front facade of the approved building within thirty (30) days of receipt. Applicant Signature Owner Signature Permission of owner for plaque placement City of College Station 4 of 4 Historic Building Plaque Application Current Use and Ownership Lincoln Center Location 1000 Eleanor, off Holleman Size 8.0 Acres Classification Multi -use facility Date Acquired 1978 Park Description Originally constructed as College Station Black High School, Lincoln Center has been utilized at one time or another as a neighborhood center, recreation center, senior citizen's center, maintenance shop, and was formerly the headquarters for the College Station Parks and Recreation Department. The center now provides a variety of recreational and social services to the citizens of College Station, as well as an indoor gymnasium, 1/3 mile lighted jogging trail, and playground. This facility will provide the nucleus for the Lincoln/Wayne Smith Park Corridor. Formal education for African Americans in Brazos County began as a result of the Public School Act of 1871. Classes were held in many small community and church - related schools, and by 1923 there were 127 African American students in the A &M Consolidated School District. Buildings accommodated only elementary school students until an agreement was reached to bus pupils to the Kemp High School in Bryan. The A&M School District paid the expenses. In the 1930s the number of African American students grew steadily. Rising costs of tuition and transportation prompted the A &M District to approve and build a high school in College Station. The A &M Consolidated Negro School opened in 1941. An athletic field was added in 1946 and the name of the school changed to Lincoln School. The building was expanded in 1948. A fire in 1966 destroyed one of three classroom buildings displacing 100 students. The burned facilities were not rebuilt. The City of College Station leased the land and the remaining five buildings in the late 1960s, and restored the site in 1972. The city bought the land in 1978 and dedicated the Lincoln Center in 1980. The former school is now the home of many community activities in College Station. Location Map and Site Plans 'T z c lx rpm ryl arre .g• (!i 0 1 V N J . Q suet• t1•Qr) , 'I +� F2 �t oO ( A r r T E R r A 4 k ' et ? t 4 Iv it ; • 9 t r • 0. 1 ! i _ i C1.4O4oiv PP/AMA 1 f' M. At✓. • `Vi It 1 . , , vi Pworrc A Cc /s$ I / . I •vi cra *- Z -1•i ! t o i i • CC I ti • w tu • 1 144 .f % VfRO. q4e04; ,,�. 4 • is ■,1 0'N ) . • [ocah°d/!.yis i!of pity Hall COLLEGE STATION maor Awry/se 0 vxt� (1 • • 1 • r /:•••• y 1 •r .MRR.^. Yf RR RtRRR#NR1l.ffR ....we ••- •••R•r ...... ..... w r. H O L L E N l } L . «..,. . •• P! A'YG I BACK.} `O? s DEPARTMENT o Ov 4 N Q o 4 ;14 o tj /A 4 re R/R k % 4V "I. A. 4o,y W,1 L3 p' /4. 4tK .G YM. ; 2 9 C'fss.. � ; Gu r O s e d o s rica1 a`i 414:1 Q { • n•l oc LINCOLN �1L�Vi tion �,.. 4 14 EMAN CC f)S Fit l� RIP Or/ '6 y O 0 WEST DISTRICT MAINTENANCE SHOP AREA MONUMENT K CON CENTER UND I 0 0 BRIDGE NOT TO SCALE CREEK CONCRETE WALK BACKSTOP BACKSTOP LINCOLN GYM BASKETBALL COURT Lincoln Recreation Center 1000 Eleanor St. StAtinn. TPYAC HOLLEMAN ( COLLEGE STATION. 1 PARKS 8 ExAS RECREATION DEPARTMENT OIR EC TOR Sreph•A Btoor ........ .... ....... .... 0_01 • WEST DISTRICT MAINTENANCE SHOP AREA • MONUMENT LIGHT POLE PARKING LOT roposed historical Marker Location L INCOLN RECREATIONAL AREA PLAYGROUND LU ( LINCOLN CENTERC Current Building Photographs upON bNiQ1 I rig l a 444 444 46114414444aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa- & a- a.a-a - dk- Illk•Ilk 111111M11111111111 191 i'' s i ;• 4 7';:it1 - 41; ; ' . ° 1 _, - 10111 1 111 ' =u -1-50 oNicl-iitia Newspaper Articles '. n +ybx ++ ur ') .'srllaCdd ..aygk.:.F l � i ndtir.„..6 31tri v u 4 3::: , - .a :t ...irk -it r t. II.JY:';P1 S'!'L' Aar JP rt ▪ e ,k 3y 3 4�.'t wu hell •:�', • 1,4 s *e 1 F1914(1, 13,11.1,1.14,* 7 u i O A 10a74 1 r t ■ r t i, s .,: vi.' 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Iii k. . .., , r. 1 i,4 t : (3f .si 's4_, .t,:. • SSlt.� i;Y t}d if- N fi .P� '^' .*+• s �, � y' • • e 4 Lc! fi '„ t n' �C ; i i II Rattle 1.:1t1((1111 FILL( 111 ‘ c, r1 It) !,i;w1.re` rot I - tei 1 n;;,, , 0,,.? c..n) . _,t�1 �1.,,';Ito. r.n L1ettniri ". in (�t1111n,. ._:.ration. `[; ?t? tF i' ri' 1 g 4t l .ad1..IF�. k' co • �.tc :ittil r` re ..01 ic.T 1 ;itRr2v : 7, 1�.e pt i11� 1I1,Tir..i' , tllt C,,ii.(; 5, ; 1, ,l.�t La ig lu ) li 1 titt_ti 71 ci31Sfc1 i542i sari£ �� 4 . I , --.. 3! ,. a ^, (ii 0 [ +A ..'HKac 1r;,'+1 >n +i i ..;<:z;i 11L5I. : aiico is + > ) �.., ' 1 3.1( 1 tI i'43E i)uLlee Facia -'V it ` At k D es rti; tt r :i 1 rt r the i�l'a o y:l2it"_1" w�Liiu', ti�1 iii & :ti Flint r I TGi :ED„ F.J01 PACES 11001 t t, \ d I' \1 WIFE )04 Home Of Tv x t . i Col leu . 5 . CE 5 CrNils tfriA 1 7.1r roject r r : s3 • T. 1fS 11S7 'Crlf : • • kol C �. fl,{ Ogilt ,F'Q_ i�'ri_ 1 � rernIcrt, ' . c 'j∎ ub 111 College Station, however, is by no means a completely ;typical East Texas town. It is almost as close to . Austin, which has an in- tegrated school system, as it is to Houston. It is, moreover, a college town. A &M dominates the com- munity, and a large portion of its permanent citizens are professors and school employees. Perhaps most untypical of all, in the East Texas context, is the existence here of an interracial organization called the Citizens' Fellowship. It is this group, or- ganized two years ago and active in pressing the Negroes' cases on a number of occasions, which ap- peared before the local school {board last week in a crucial ses- sion. The Citizens Fellowship is a somewhat loosely organized group with about 70 people on its mail- ing list. For the average meeting from 20 to 50 people turn out. "There are about eight or ten really active white members," one member . estimated. Composi- tion of the organization runs about 3 -1, Negro to white. `' oliege Station! ht present "has two consolidated schools, one for whites, the other for Negroes. Both schools are under supervi- sion of the district school board composed, as one citizen of the town described them, "of good, decent, . fair - minded amen." .The president of the board is execu- tive secretary of the A &M former students' association. Two others are professors. Construction began recently . on a new elementary school for white children, to be 'completed by next autumn. "This` started people thinking," one A &M pro - fessor and member of the Citi- zens' Fellowship, said, "about the entire question of segregation in the local schools." Recently the Fellowship held a meeting, with about 700 people present, to discuss the situation. An open letter to the school ►board was later written and cir- culated, drawing 49 signatures. It was decided to present the letter to the board. The 'fie x a.s O Secv6r November 4, 1360 'v'oL 62 No 31 Letter to the Board Kasten and his wife produced the letter drafted by the Fellow - ship to be presented to the school board that night. It read: "Now that final plans are un- der way for the construction of a new (white) elementary school . . , it seems appropriate to con- sider problems related to the building and use of new facilities. Before the latest school bond is- sue was approved in this city, an open sheeting was held . . A question was raised about wheth- er the school plans were being made to take into consideration the possibility of racial integra- tion in the A &M Consolidated School District, The president of the boar& assured the citizens who were present that there was no desire among the Negroes of the community to have their children attend an integrated school. We do not know which Negroes the school board had consulted, but these persons must not have rep- resented all concerned. Many Ne- gro parents in College Station feel that their children are get- ting an inadequate and inferior education. It would be apparent to anyone who took time to visit Lincoln School that the facilities there are not equal to those used by the white children. "There are citizens of both races in College Station who are concerned about this problem. Current school board policies re- fer specifically to Lincoln School and A &M Consolidated School, and it is obvious that facilities are both separate and unequal. It is true that some renovation and building is now under way at Lincoln School, but this superfi- cial improvement is not a satis- factory substitute for a construc- tive reworking of our school sys- tem. "Basically, Lincoln High School is too small to offer even the number of courses needed to give the students the training they need. The high school enrollment N now 89, and 15 seniors are reg- istered in this year's class. With job opportunities so limited for Negroes In this area, it is deplor- able that they cannot get better training In vocational fields such as shop and home economics. Lincoln School does not even of- fer a course in typing or short- hand. ". . . We also must face the ille- gality of continuing our dual sys- tem of schools. . . . ". . . Our outmoded system of segregated schools was outlawed by the Supreme Court in 1954. School integration is already tak- ing place in school systems all over Texas. Must we await court action and outside interference to assure the entrance of Negroes into our white schools? In a com- munity such as College Station, where there are so many edu- cated people, it seems that the citizens should be able to work out a legal solution to the school problem. We realize that integra- tion may bring difficulties but we feel that the people of College Station are capable of coming up with a plan that would be supe- rior to most of those used where integration was forced. As we build our new facilities, shouldn't we consider how adequate they will be if we have to integrate? As, everyone knows, many Negro school children live in the Pass - ler addition not far from the site of the new elementary school. .. Why should they travel a greater distance to attend a poorer school? "As a community we have a challenge before us to grant the Negro all the rights and privi- leges due to first -class citizens. It is obvious that members of minority groups with low eco- nomic status are further handi- capped by a poor education. Our failure to work toward a solution of the school problem not only continues to handicap our Negro citizens but hurts our country in other ways. Khrushchev recently started more inflammatory talk at the United Nations about Negro discrimination in the United States. Each of us should be em- barrassed and humiliated at our failure to face this problem. . . . "This local interracial group is not in favor of an immediate up- heaval of the school system of College Station. We realize that you and the school boards before you have worked for good schools and deserve credit for the superior training many of our children are t receiving. We believe that a com- munity and school board like ours I can take the lead in finding a •so- lution . . . " (The signatures fol- lowed.) Last year, he said, a Negro par- ent, "worried by the education offered at the Negro school, asked if she and her child could be tak- en to another part of the country. They're in Massachusetts now. This year I have three of my brightest Negro students going to school in Houston, because . they are not being stimulated, not get ting enough in school here, "This is to neutralize the idea, that Negroes here are satisfied with their education , system," he said Father Rimshaw had brought an article by , educator James Conant, He left it with the board members and asked them to read it. "He didn't write it on prob- lems of integration, but on the basis of education, "; he said; Con- ant, Father' Rimshaw said, had. etncl `; tided, tlt sn�.ali � high shoals education eferrin .c gro hl are only MO . students in school, ? period, you can imagine what it must be like." The principle of integration, Fa- ther Rimshaw said, "is nat char - ity: The state has an obligation to present its, to all This is not charity. It is a legal prin- ciple, not a theological one. ool, he said, ' e 1 & Ct 5 O berver Nove,mbe , c 1 1360 Vol 5 No -31 'Sets a Standard' Rev. L. N. • Flowers, pastor of the Washington Park Church, a Negro Baptist church, followed Father Rimshaw: "As a citizen and a tax- payer, I'd like to voice my sentiment," he said. "I don't know what Negroes said they are satisfied with their education there. I've been . looking around and I can't find 'em. Any Negro who says he's satisfied on the .educa- tion, system is a lunatic, he's crazy, that's all." ( "That's tight that's right," many of the Ne- groes in, the room said.) "The Negro can't travel any farther than what he's been ex- posed to," Flowers said, "College Station," he concluded, "is one of the greatest places in Texas. It sets a standard for Texas and the world, and that's the way I feel as a citizen of College Sta- tion." Dr. Jackson, responding to question from a young Negrc about a special committee report made to the board some time be- fore on the possibility of a new Negro high school, said, "In the Kennedy -Nixon debates there's al- ways been time for a rebuttal. No member of this board has ever stated that the colored people were ever satisfied with their educa- tion system here." He said he had not seen "a lot of you people" at other board meetings. "No colored patrons were present" at the meeting in which a Negro high school was discussed, he said. Referring to a recent bond is- sue, Jackson said the board "has spent more money on the colored school than on the white school proportionately. All we can go' by is what our school officials tell us." He said the gymnasium at Lincoln School "is superior to what the white students have." Kasten .rose and said, "It both - ers me that your decisions have to be guided by the wishes of the patrons. The school board has a responsibility to be policy- makers. We've had a court decision with us for six, now, and it seems we've :. had enough time to strike out in the right., direction." "Each one of these members vote their own convictions," Har- vey replied. Father Riinshaw stood up again. "I think it's to the credit: of this group that we've • left it : to • the school board to take proper steps, he said. These :people'` have re -. 'mined patiently in t the 'back- ground since the court. decision. " Iffiest a blonde ' " det tt ` tre:ncli.ri e `,1:r♦ :i.�9 - `�1 while the board "turned to other business. Two representative's of a. local garden ,club, protesting about the lack of flowers around the schools, recornmended hiring a horticulturist to' supervise gen- eral planning. After a brief dis- cussion, the board turned to other matters. Most sof the delegation left, but about 20 of then —most- ly • Negroes -- remained. The •Texas 6bsery -r \loVevr ter '111360 Vol- 52 No 3) he Schools Lincoln School `,is in a Negro ection . of town, a sprawling white rame building, next to a new rick arxnev now being_ completed. he wife .. of an AM professor, ho accompanied the reporter, aid after rains the school has een -almost completely sun. ounded in mud. There is little sass ,on the school grounds. The oad in front of the school was ecently hard - topped. One of the teachers said there s no one place • large enough for school assembly. A.sked for an pinion on equal facilities, the eacher waved a hand and said, "This is not equality." Another eacher said there. is a shortage of roper equipment for scientific .ourses. The gymnasium is . in a tin build - ng off to one side. It has a regula- ion -size basketball floor, made of tile. There are three long TOWS of seats, The gym doubles as an auditorium. The new , annex will : house a music room. and a' library. A small one -room frame build - ing about 50 yards behind the main bulding ' is now used as a classroom, as well as music roam and cafeteria. Some 40 or 50 young students sat close to one another in straight -back chairs. In the back of the room; a cook was pre - paring lunch. A &M Consoli the - White school, is a collection of several large buildings. There is a music room, a cafeteria (which is not large enough to accommodate all the students at one sitting) , a new circular auditorium, separate classroom buildings, and a gym - nasium. The gym, an old wooden structure, has a varnished wood- en door, a scoreboard clock, and 15 or 20 long rows of seats for spectators. The Te'cts Obserkr November L1, 1360 Vol,. 52 Na. 31 Personal Interviews Mrs. Clark: Lives at 313 Holleman Dr. Her house was one of three built as the first private residences Mr. Clark dug the water line to the house Remembers night school burned. Several in bryan burned around same time. Her son, Otis, transferred to white school and did not like it. Her daughter also transferred and seemed to adapt well. Her daughter, Robin, was superintendent and has portrait on gym wall. Lincoln Community: Shopped at white stores, most located in downtown bryan. Hrdlicka and George Mcullah opened stores, now 2 " chance resale Initiated Lincoln school development. Was essentially its own `subarb' Was pushed back by campus growth Bounded by Holleman St., which was county line. Not many professional positions open even for educated blacks. Most were maids and construction workers. A few worked on the railroad. Lincoln School: After fire, choice to stay or go to white school. Burned section removed and remodeled somewhat. There were 4 black communities; Lincoln area largest @ 150 people College hills Fairview Washington chapel area *This information was taken from an interview with Mrs. Clark on 20 Monday 2003 by Lance Utermark. Interview with Mrs. Robbie Clark and Mr. James Steen They provided themselves water (her husband and James Steen's father). No kindergarten at first. Black community sold land to the school. The community started off small and residents at first had to shop in downtown Bryan. Southside began to be like a little town; it developed some grocery stores and chapels. Hrdlicka's store is where second chance is currently. The Clarks moved to Southside in 1942, August 25. Mrs. Clark has remained in her residence since it was acquired. When the school burned down there was night school going on. Some grades were still in the school. Mrs. Clark had attended church in Wellborn where she was from. Lillian Robinson was Mrs. Clark's daughter and was a Lincoln High School Supervisor. She was the first of Mrs. Clark's children to graduate from Consolidated. She also wrote about Lincoln High School for Parks and Recreation Services before she passed away. She had a Master's degree in Parks and Recreation. Otis, Mrs. Clark's son, came back to LHS because Consolidated was harder. He eventually had to go to Consolidated. Otis was given a hard time by the A &M Consolidated teachers, as was Mrs. Clark. Otis and another son are now preachers. 4 black communities going to Washington Chapel — Jersey street (George Bush). Was from 1/2 mile trek. Southside, W. Tollivers Chapel, across Texas, College Hills Lincoln High was the one Black school for College Station, and students had originally gone to the schools at Washington Chapel and St. Matthews. At the time most of the community employment was for maids & construction services. Sometimes there were better paying jobs at the railroad but they were few and far between. The only real professional jobs seemed to be as teachers and preachers. Even now there are not many professional jobs for the Black community and people have to move out of town for employment. Mr. Cunningham — first Principal. The land for the school was bought from the Steen and Clark families, one and a half acres apiece for fifty dollars per lot. Lincoln had the largest black community in College Station— 150 people. Previous community was around Fairview (Mrs. Pugh, Miller). As the campus grew the community grew the community was pushed back to where it is now. St. Matthew's church area. There were 4 -5 houses originally. Holleman was the county road, and marked the county line at the time. Lincoln & two Bryan schools burned down. Lincoln was going to be turned into bus shed but Lincoln Knights formed and made the Lincoln Center. Other Sources: Joe McGraw — Councilman, architecture department head. (Citizens Fellowship) with Rev. Flowers — integrated program. Mrs. Elsie May Walker Dr. Luther Jones, father may have been A &M Pres., funded houses here in 40's & 50's. Lincoln Center in College Station: Essential Elements of Programming for Minorities Written by Lillian Robinson Donated by Mrs. Robbie Clark *Frequent referrals to different agencies, such as W.I.C., Planned Parenthood, Food Stamps, Job Training Partnership Act, HUD Section VII Housing Program etc. *League play in basketball and volleyball, as well as track and boxing programs. *Game room with billiard and Ping -pong tables. *Various workshops provided to increase public awareness on: car maintenance, nutrition, drug and alcohol abuse, tax preparation, and other subjects. *TV room with weekly videos and current magazines. *Free tax -form preparation assistance and notary public services *Craft program for youth and seniors. ************************* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ** I Narrative entitled "Lincoln School - -Black Education in College Station" (1941 - 1966), prepared by Robert V. Marraro, Jr., as part of an application submitted to the Texas Historical Commission for a subject marker. *This article by the late Lillian Robinson originally appeared in the Fall 1990 issue of TRAPS, a quarterly publication of the Texas Recreation and Park Society Inc. We sincerely thank TRAPS for permission to reproduce this article in honor of Lillian . Lincoln Center in College Station: Essential Elements of Programming for Minorities* As parks and recreation professionals, it is essential that we fully understand the importance of our role in the service delivery function to minorities within our communities. A case example is the development and current operation of Lincoln Center in College Station. Though unique in its own way, it nevertheless points to the essential elements of programming to meet the social, educational, leisure, and recreational needs of minorities. Background: Lincoln Center traces its roots back to 1941 when the A &M Consolidated School District acquired the current site for an all -black school to better serve the black community's educational needs. The only education provided for Brazos County blacks prior to and into the 20th Century, had consisted of small area schools, located in the churches they attended. Initially, facilities consisted of a six- classroom building, a principal's office, and a home economics department. Grades one through eleven were established, and grade 12 was added the following year. There were 242 students enrolled with seven teachers. Because of the lack of classroom space, two classes were combined in each of the classrooms. Student assemblies and gatherings took place at area churches. It is interesting to note that there were two ceremonies for the graduates, the educational commencement ceremony, where diplomas were bestowed to the students, and the other, which served as the spiritual side of graduation and took place at one of the area churches. Over the years, many changes /additions were made. In 1946, the name of the school was changed from A &M Consolidated Negro School to Lincoln School as the black population began to seek its own identity. Before integration occurred in 1964, enrollment at Lincoln School was 350 students, including 120 high school students. Throughout its existence, the school served as the social hub of College Station's black community and was more than a school - -it was family. Most of the black community's social activities revolved around the school. Everybody knew each other, and ministers from area churches were also involved. On January 20, 1966, a fire destroyed a majority of the facility. Then in 1967, an informal agreement was entered into by the city to use the school property temporarily as a city park. It was acquired by the city in 1968 and the following year, the city's Parks and Recreation Department Office was established in the homemaking cottage, with the industrial arts shop being converted into a shop for the department I On June 6, 1980, Lincoln Center was officially dedicated to serve as a tribute to the school that once stood on that site. In 1985, major renovation was completed which included a new gymnasium and upgrading all existing structures on the site at a cost of $660,000. Since then, other improvements have been made yearly (1988, 1989, and 1990) utilizing Community Development and Parkland Dedication funds totalling over $8,500. Lincoln Center today: The center continues to serve as the hub of College Station's black community. An integral part of its success is due to its being in walking distance from its user base. The facility is operated and supervised by minorities; the staff understands the thinking and the needs of its black community and is aware of the dyanamics /inter - workings of the relationships between members of this unique culture, and works well with its service population. The Center is overseen by an advisory board made of conununity leaders and residents of its service population, ministers and educators. The purpose of the Lincoln Center Board is to interpret the needs and interests of its community and to advise the Parks and Recreation Board concerning recreational programs, ideas, and activities that satisfy these needs and/or interests. The board participates in formulating plans and assists in recommending policies, evaluating programs, and making recommendations regarding the use of additional funds (apart from the city's operational budget) made available through fundraising projects. The Center also has a Teen Board whose purpose is to involve the youth of the community and provide a mechanism for their input regarding special events and activities that they and their peers would like to participate in as well as proposals that would increase attendance at the Center. Requirements for the Teen Board are that individuals must possess a Lincoln Center membership card ($4 annual fee), have at least a C grde average in school, participate in Center activities, identify well with peers, have good attendance in school, and make regular visits to the Center. The development and operation of Lincoln Center by the city has been a most successful venture. The current challenge facing the staff and the surrounding black community is the ever increasing presence of drugs which brings along with it changes in behavior of the user, increased crime, and disrespect for law and order. Based upon its history and the Parks and Recreation Department's motto- - "We Provide Good Things In Life " -- Lincoln Center will continue to support and enhance the pride of the black community and its culture. Helping People Help Themselves Community -wide input and involvement is essential to Lincoln Center's activities. It is truly people helping themselves, with the city taking on the leadership role in facilitating ongoing and expanded activities and programs for College Station's black community. Some of the services and uses of the facility include: *Site for local toy library. *Gym and meeting rooms can be reserved/rented, and used for periodic dances for the teens. *Site of remote County Immunization Clinic. *Special events such as: M.L.K. Celebration featuring gospel music, Juneteenth, Black History Week, Halloween Carnivals, and Easter Egg Hunts. *Site of "Years- For - Profit," a Senior Citizen nutritional/ recreational program. *Site for monthly commodity distribution (serving over 3,500 families last year). *Free tutoring provided during the school year. Lincoln High School: Black Education in College Station, Texas Written by Debbie Jasek LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL College Station, Texas Willie Andrew Tarrow Principal Willie Andrew Tarrow, or "Jack ", as he was called, grew up on the family farm. He attended Prairie View A &M College where he earned both a Bachelor and Masters Degrees. When he retired in 1965, he had taught in the school systems for forty years in Louisiana and Texas. Professor Tarrow had taught at Prairie View A &M College before becoming a teacher at the A &M Consolidated Negro School in 1943. On June 13, 1946, the name of the school was changed from A &M Consolidated Negro School to Lincoln High School and William A. Tarrow was named the new principal. In 1976, Lee Chapel United Methodist Church in Bryan, Texas, honored him with a "W. A. Tarrow Day." A large number of family, friends, former students, co- workers, church and educational leaders turned out to honor him. He was the recipient of numerous educational and community service awards, one of which was the Lane Bryant Award which was presented to him in New York City. We now have the W. A. Tarrow Park dedicated in his honor on April 2, 1999, by the City of College Station Parks and Recreation Department; the park located on Holleman Drive is the home of several baseball fields and surrounds Lincoln Recreation Center which is the site of the former Lincoln High School. The City of College Station named the W. A. Tarrow Street in his honor, both are located in College Station, Texas. Professor Tarrow was married to the late Edna Harris Tarrow of Bryan, Texas, for more than thirty years; he had one daughter, Delores Tarrow. Professor Tarrow passed away in 1978 leaving behind a living legacy for those of us who knew and loved him and for those who are still to follow. Submitted by DeFarris Gooden & Lincoln Former Students Association 18 bet't'ie jasek Completes Research Started by Late Jean Clark Robinson The enhanced history of Black Education in College Station is completed. Our thanks go to Debbie Jasek who completed the work that was started by "Lincoln Former Student," Jean Clark Robinson, former Director of the Lincoln Recreation Center. Ms. Jasek gave Mrs. Robbie Clark her word that she would complete the research started by her daughter one of our "Lincoln Former Students." We are pleased to include this history in the Souvenir Booklet for Lincoln School Tenth Biennial Reunion 1999. Ms. Jasek has been a member of the Historic Preservation Committee of College Station since 1990. She is currently serving as the Chairperson and states, "I am interested in preservation of history and documenting recent current events for future generations. Debbie has lived in College Station since 1989 and works at the Texas Transportation Institute at Texas A &M. She is a graduate of Texas A &M University, served in the United States Army for 14 years prior to moving to College Station. In the U.S. Army, she served as Chemical and Nuclear Weapons Officer. Special thanks to Debbie for the time and effort put into this historical project which entails important and meaningful information for the Lincoln Former Students and equally important to former teachers and citizens of the College Station community. We are elated to remember the late Lillian Clark Robinson for birthing a vision that transferred her love for Lincoln High School into a great work that will be remembered by all. Lincoln Center is available to residents within the Bryan/College Station communities ranging in age preschool through senior adult age level. Supervised activities are sponsored daily by the Lincoln Center Lincoln Center Director and Supervisor, Lance Jackson and Center Staff. Debbie Jasek can be reached at (409) 693 -0343 or 845 -5239. Therefore, a more thorough and comprehensive history of Lincoln School and when formal education for Blacks began in Brazos County is printed in your souvenir book, "Lincoln School, Black Education in College Station." Forward Forever, Backward Never 10 1 J Lincoln High School (Black Education in College Station, Texas) Many black citizens settled in Brazos County as a result of slavery. In 1864 there were 2,013 slaves in Brazos County, during this time period formal education did not exist for blacks. Formal education for blacks began in Brazos County in 1871 as a result of the passage of the Public School Act of 1871. Education for black citizens who resided in the 55 square mile area which now constitutes the College Station Independent School District (CSISD), in the late 1800's and the beginning 1900's was provided by a network of small area schools. In 1910 there were 39 buildings in which black schools were located throughout Brazos County. Twenty -two of the buildings were rented, and seventeen were owned by the public. Many were small, 1- 4 room buildings, often located in or near black churches. The scholastic enumeration papers submitted to the State Education Agency by the CSISD noted that black students were attending schools in Shiro, Union Hall, Wellborn, College Independent, and Dowling and Providence. One hundred twenty seven students attended classes at the various black schools in the CSISD in 1923. (Two of the early school teachers in the Wellborn Elementary School were Mamie Lightfoot and Nannie B. Hooks.) In 1928 black schools located in the CSISD included Peach Creek, Sulphur Springs, Wellborn, Shiro, Dowling and Providence, Union Hall, Washington Chapel and College Hills. For the next 15 years the number of students attending classes grew steadily and by 1938, 246 students were attending classes. All of these schools were elementary schools. The CSISD, which did not have a black high school, had an agreement with the Bryan Independent School District (BISD) to allow students to attend Kemp High School in Bryan. The tuition fees for students attending Kemp High School were paid by the CSISD. The district also provided bus transportation to Bryan for the students. In the 1930's the number of black students that attended high school in the district steadily increased, as well as the cost of tuition and transportation for the students attending Kemp High School. As a result of these rising costs and in an effort to provide a more comprehensive education for the black scholastic population of the district, discussions pertaining to constructing a black high school for the CSISD began. On January 8, 1941, the CSISD Board of Trustees initiated discussions about the need for a black high school in the district. Arguments for the construction ofa high school included: the significant savings over time in tuition and transportation costs and encouraging more area students to attend high school. The Board decided to build facilities for a black high school in College Station. A bond election was held on March 29, 1941, to acquire capital for building this school among other projects. The site was selected for the school and five acres of land were purchased from the Matthew and Fanny R. Davis Estate for the sum of $100.00 per acre. The site which was located at the southwestern city limits of College Station is now bordered by Eleanor and Holleman Streets. Plans for the school progressed rapidly and the school opened its doors for the 1941- 42 academic year. Initially, the school consisted ofa building containing six classrooms, a principal's office and a home economics cottage. A curriculum for the black high school, which was initially known as A &M Consolidated Negro School, was adopted. Courses approved by the school board included: English, History, Negro History, Practical Arithmetic, Elementary Science, Vocation Agriculture, Industrial Shop, Home Economics, Defense Training Work and Adult Maids. Mr. E. M. Cunningham was selected as the principal for the school. Mr. Cunningham also served as the Vocational Agriculture teacher; other faculty members were Thay Myrtle Owens, Edna Harris Tarrow, William A. Tarrow, A. J. Thompson, and Ruth Cunningham. Elementary schools located within College Station, as well as those from outlying areas were moved to the new school. Grades 1- 11 were established in 1941, and grade 12 was added the next year. The first graduates for the new school received their diplomas in 1942. They were: Lola V. Robison, O. B. Townsend, Ethel Mae Eaton, Clarence Burrell, Dan McGill, and Dora Jewel Townsend. The school continued to flourish and expand. In 1945, it was noted in a serial published in the Battalion, that "the black school in College Station had a budget of $15,000.00 annually. It employed 10 teachers and 296 children attended school that year ". A small plot of additional land located one black from the original school site was purchased from Edward V. and Birdie Beatrice Hrdlicka on October 13, 1945, for $600. This land was designated to be used as a football and athletic field for A &M Consolidated Negro School. On June 13, 1946, the name of the school was changed from A&M Consolidated Negro School to Lincoln High School. William A. Tarrow was named as the school's new y:..�� In 1947 the Vocational Agriculture and Industrial Shop class under the guidance of the Vocational Agriculture teacher expanded the shop building by building an additional room. The material for this project was acquired by dismantling buildings at the old Minter Springs school site. Attendance at the school grew rapidly, and citizens of the city were concerned about the school's cramped facilities. Specifications for a new High School Building on the Lincoln campus were drawn and submitted by R. G. Schneider, Architect and Engineer, on December 1, 1948. This building endeavor was a portion of an overall expansion of A &M Consolidated facilities in 1948. In February 1949, C. L. Andrews was awarded the building contract for the four classroom building, which was to be located west of the school building. Lincoln School served as the social hub of College Station's black community, and at least for a short period of time as a spiritual ...; �t:.. place. The College Station Church of Christ requested and received from the school board to use rooms on the campus as a meeting place on Sunday mornings, Sunday evenings, and Wednesday or Thursday nights. In return the congregation agreed to reimburse the school district for the utilities costs and any additional janitorial services required. The Lincoln campus growth continued in an effort to better serve the community. The construction of tennis courts for the Lincoln campus were a topic of discussion by school board members during the spring of 1950. This proposal was approved by the A&M Consolidated School Board in May 1950. Expansion ofthe school continued throughout the 1950's. The A&M school board discussed future construction for Lincoln campus throughout the fall of 1950. On June 14, 1951, bids for an industrial arts shop and science building were taken and the building was completed in April 1952. *1 0 0 A number of milestones and events occurred involving Lincoln School in 1953. In January bids for the construction of a Gymnasium were opened. The specifications for the gymnasium included the requirement of piers for future expansion of the building and room for construction of a stage and dressing rooms. Public School Week in 1953 was observed at the school with festivities that included a radio program and an open house. Progress on the establishment of a library for the school continued throughout 1952 and 1953. On September 4, 1953, Lincoln School was accredited by the State Department of Education. As the focal point ofthe community grew the personality ofthe school developed. The school colors were purple and gold and the mascot chosen for the school was the panther. The school motto was, "Forward forever, Backward never," and their school song was "0' Lincoln High." 0' Lincoln High 0' Lincoln High we love you true. We love the purple and gold too. To you we will always be true. 0' Lincoln High how we love you. The purple and gold means much to me. Let's try to keep our colors true, We pledge a better school to be, 0' Lincoln High how we love you. As the school grew the area that could be used as an athletic field was found to be inadequate. In 1956 discussions concerning a possible trade of 80,000 square feet of property owned by the school district with a 120,000 square feet parcel owned by the Hrdlicka heirs. The land trade was completed on February 11, 1957. A&M Consolidated paid the Hrdlicka estate $10.00 for the additional square footage. This trade allowed the athletic fields to be located adjacent to the school and to be more readily accessible to students. Expansion of the school continued with the addition of a homemaking cottage. Bids for the construction ofthe homemaking cottage were announced on July 17, 1956. Discussions on plans for integration of the A&M Consolidated School District began on June 15, 1956. This was the first of a series of ongoing meetings and seminars on the subject. It was decided to adopt a "wait and see attitude. " In the early 1960's the A&M Consolidated Independent School District received notice that the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was requesting immediate integration of College Station schools. The plan for integration adopted by the school district was a stair step method. Under this plan, the black elementary grades would be fused with white elementary grades one grade at a time. Every year a new grade would leave Lincoln and become integrated. Attendance at Lincoln became voluntary. Two of Lincoln's teachers were assigned to A&M Consolidated High School and several white teachers were relocated to Lincoln. Teachers for special education and speech taught at both schools. By 1965, grades one and two had been phased into the A &M Consolidated school system. On January 20, 1966, a fire at Lincoln School was reported to the Texas A &M University Fire Department. At the time the fire started, an adult education class was being held in one of the buildings. The fire department was notified at 7:45 p.m., however the first truck did not leave the fire station for 15 minutes. A second and third truck was dispatched 10 minutes later. These delays were unexplained in all existing documents. The trucks were also hampered in reaching the fire by large crowds that gathered to watch the fire. The fire, whipped by high winds was well established by the time the firefighters reached the scene. Once the firefighters arrived the blaze was contained in about an hour and no deaths were reported. The ten classroom high school building, principal's office, teachers' lounge, and library were destroyed. Buildings that were not damaged included the gym, two classrooms, auditorium/assembly hall, homemaking cottage, cafeteria building, science laboratory, and industrial arts shop. The damage to the Lincoln School complex was estimated at $65,000 and displaced 100 students. The majority of records and documents pertaining to the school were destroyed in the fire. The cause of the fire was never determined. Although it was speculated that the fire may have been set to force integration to occur more quickly, a search of the local newspaper revealed a number of mysterious fires were set by an unknown arsonist during that time period. High school students were transferred to A &M Consolidated High School. The 38 students in grades three, four, and five retumed to class at Lincoln the Monday following the fire. Grades six, seven and eight also attended Lincoln School, but reverted to departmentalized program with a seven period day. These lower grades remained at Lincoln due to space limitations at the other schools in the Consolidated system. Teachers from the school were reassigned. At the end of the 1965 -66 school year, Lincoln's doors were shut, and the remaining students: were integrated into the other A&M Consolidated schools. The school Board decided that it was not feasible to rebuild the bumed facilities. In 1967, the City of College Station discussed what could be done with city property that was adjacent to Lincoln. An informal agreement was made by the city and school district to temporarily use the school property as a city park. The buildings remained unused, except for the occasional gatherings of small church groups. In 1968, the school board agreed to lease the land and facilities at Lincoln to the city for a period of 10 years. The City Council directed the Parks and Recreation Committee to develop detailed plans for the property and buildings.' In 1969 the College Station Parks and Recreation offices were located at Lincoln. The facilities were used for continuing education classes and served as a neighborhood recreation center. City property adjacent to the school was used for an all purpose sports field. The homemaking cottage served as the Parks and Recreation Department Office, and the industrial arts shop was converted into a shop for the department.' The property was renovated and restored in 1972. In 1978, the city bought the land from the school district and the facilities were entirely refurbished. On June 6, 1980, the Lincoln Center was officially dedicated and began to serve as a tribute to the school that once stood on the site. Lincoln Center serves as a home for many community activities, the local Boys and Girls Club, a Senior Outreach Program, Immunization Program and an Emergency Management Site. The memories and influence of Lincoln School remain. The Lincoln school trophies are displayed at the Center. The Lincoln Former Students Association was formed in 1982. The association, which is comprised of students who attended Lincoln School, hold biennial reunions. The association activities includes providing scholarships for black students and preservation of the history, heritage, and memories of Lincoln School. References 1. Burford, Michael Dwain, Up From Cotton, Bryan, Texas, 1988. 2. A &M Consolidated School District, Scholastic Enumeration and School Board Minutes, 1923. 3. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, 1923. 4. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, 1929. 5. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, 1938. 6. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, January 8, 1941. 7. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, March 31, 1941. 8. A &M Consolidated School District School Board Minutes, May 8, 1941. 9. "Lincoln Center in College Station: Essential Elements of Programming for Minorities, "page 16, Texas Recreation and Park Society ". 10. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, June 24, 1941. 11. Hughes, W. L., "Your City, Eighth of a Series ", The Battalion, August 12, 1945. 12. Deed from Edward V. Hdrlicka and Birdie Beatrice Hdrlicka filed in the State of Texas County of Brazos, 1945. 13. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, June 13, 1946. 14. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, October 7, 1947. 15. General Contract Specification for Facilities for the A &M Consolidated School District, submitted to the A &M Consolidated School Board, December 1, 1948. 16. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, February 9, 1949. 17. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, March 5, 1951. 18. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, May 20, 1951. 19. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, June 14, 1951, and April 17, 1952. 20. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, January 5, 1953. 21. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, September 1954. 22. A &M Consol A &M Consolidated School District, Minutes, July 8, 1956. 23. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, February 11, 1957. 24. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, July 17, 1956. 25. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, June 15, 1956. 26. A &M Consolidated School District, School Board Minutes, January 14, 1957. 27. Texas A &M University Fire Department, Dispatch Logs, January 20, 1966. 28. "Damage Totals $65,000," "Lincoln School Blaze Displaces 100 -Plans Studied Today," Bryan Daily Eagle, Friday, January 21, 1966. 29. Balliew, Deborah Lynn, The City of College Station 1938/1988, page 43, Intaglio Press, College Station, Texas, 1987. 30. Various articles from the Bryan Daily Eagle, January 19, 1966, through February 1, 1966. 31. "Consolidated Board Shuffles Pupils," Bryan Daily Eagle, Monday, January 24, 1966. 32. City of College Station, Council Minutes, April 19, 1967, and April 24, 1967. 33. City of College Station, Council Minutes, February 26, 1968. 34. City of College Station, Council Minutes, January 15, 1969, February 24, 1969, and March 24, 1969. Other References Randle, Irene Ethelind, A Comparative Study of Common Schools for Negroes in Brazos County, thesis, Prairie View State Normal and Industrial College, Prairie View, Texas August 1944. Balliew, Deborah Lynn, The City of College Station 1938/1988 Intaglio Press, College Station, Texas, 1987. Parks, Ann, History of the City of Colleee Station, 1938 -1987, M.A. thesis, Texas A &M University, College Station, Texas, May 1984. Hughes, W.L., A Proiect in Rural School Consolidation and its Contribution to the Solution of the Rural School Problems of Brazos County, M.S. thesis, Texas A &M College, 1922. 17 A Proposed Plan for the Teaching of Industrial Arts in the Lincoln High School, College Station, Texas Written by Emanuel Mack A PROPOSED PLAN FOR THE TEACHING OF INDUSTRIAL ARTS IN THE LINCOLN HIGH SCHOOL, COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS BY Emmet. Mack A Thesis Submitted in Partial Pu3$illmmit of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science In the 174 Graduate Division of Prairie View Agricultural and Mechanical College Prairie Yies+, Texas July, 195 The W. R. Bank Library Fr3jrie Vies, University Prairie APPROVED* Thesis Adviaer Department Head Data 59M5 (Approval Sheet) DEDICATION For words of encouragement this paper is dedicated to my wife, Mrrs. Opal H. task. ii ACKNOWL1DGEMENT This study was made possible by the wholehearted co- operation of the followings Mr. John P. Krouse, the chairman of the committee, who directed the study, carefullY read the manuscript, and made ra helpful suggestions for its improvement; the staff of the W. H. Banks Library; the library of the A and M College, College Station, Texas; and Mr. W. A. Tarrow an administrator,who resides at College Station, Texas and is the principal of Lincoln High School at College Station. To all these and others the writer is grateful. i Emanuel Mack Table of Contents Chapters -Page "' +Rt2`( tiG' t�t .r....►•r....►.►►�k ►► ►....•.rs► 1 Statement of the Problem........ •...,....... 3 3ignifibance of the PrOblen. ►.. •...,,,. •.+►,. • 3 Limitations of the b1*n.. ► «. • •...,... • 4,., 5 rT Definition of Terms Used in Study. ►. •..... •.. 5 11 w used ter Stucfr•..► ►.wf.s.....4.. ►.04.11'6l4,..01, 6 'lathed Vse....t44 /.s..1....... *1.f• 6 Technique Employed ...•. .•........•.....•...•• 6 111 Existing Shop or Industrial Arts Programs..., 7 IV The Program and Its Oftez'inga,.••,.•......,.. 7 Bum dl ...... ..........•.. :....... •......... 7 OtItL' CWtl.•.. r. .•..♦•.•. 7 V + Proposed P2'0 mm •.•....t►.s...,...•.•. 8 Plan, Course offering and Equipment........•. 9 Role of All Shop Personnel,,..,,,,.,.•,..• 2D •.. COnC3. useO n8,.! •...........♦►....•.....•• 21 Appendix 5 .............. ................. 22 Charts I ..•............•.•..►•i4,.• 23 Appendix II.....•......• ........• .................•.... 24 Chart I •........•....•......r...•..... Bibliography ..•..•...... .. . -1 .......v.�... ►•a.•..w•.«..• 2 5 26 Introduati* While the most noteworthy development of the practical vocational arts in the program of the secondary school has taken place within the pant decade, sae beginnings of its development were to be fc nd a a early as the beginning of the academy movement and were not lacking in the early high school movement.' In the beginning it was the pure• pose of practical and vocational arts to provide secondary eduoation for those who were not to receive a college eduoation and there was a real intent on the part of its foundere and advocates to provide a uit•- able sub j ect- matter for ouch two and girls. Baring the last quarter of the nineteenth century, increased at- tention was paid to the cleric' 1 arts, to manual arts and to the some- what higher technical arts of industry. Provision for these arts was not universal and where such studies were provided, instruction failed to fulfill its purpose. About the b'1 neing of the twentieth eentuty a number of importaftt factors began to receive attention and the recognition of their imr- port =noe led to a revised conception of the place of practical and vocational arts in the program of the secondary school. Procdnent amort ; ouch factors were reoognized as tho following: 1 Inglis, Alexander, }' Q �l ©s of Secondary duoation. Boston: (Houghton Mifflin Company, raj , p. 572. 2 1. The relative ineffectiveness of" .the formalized education al• ready provided for the practical arts. 2. The changed character of the secondary school population. 3. The importance of retardation and elimination and the needs of the bgys and girls who leave s chool a t an early age or stage, 4. The changes Mich have taken place in other social agencies which fox iorly provided valuable forms of nraetioal and vo ca— tionax. try. 5. The demands of modern oct upattonal life. Industry, in its broadest sense, may include practically all forma of economic activity. In its narrower sense it is restricted to those activities which involve the manipulation of raw material and their conversions into finished products through manufacture a nd mechanical processes„ Industrial education, therefore. in correspond- ing narrower sense, is that division of education whose primary pose is the development of industrial efficiency in manufacture and mechanical processes. It serves as a medium for enriohing the offer• inge and extending the values of the :regular school progeaa. 2 P42444 p• 593. 3 idr., p. 594. 3 Pales defines industrial arts at the broad study of the materials, organizations tools, processes, produete, jobs, and human problems of induetry. Wilber defines industrial arts as those phases of general educa.. tion which deal with industry -. its oz'ganization . materials, oocupa.► tions, proceeses and products.. end with the pl43.etes resulting from the industrial, and technological nature of aoetet.' Friesen defines industrial arts as one of the divisions of the *practical arta* Whose ata is exploratory or occupational findings em- ph,asizod, b _ Statement of the nreblean.. The problem of this study arises out of the need for a workable industrial arts n o program for Lincoln High School and amity of the College Station area. fieanoe of thwrobler . Industrial arts is an essential part of general education. It is oancei,ved as an answer to the pro. blew of educating be and girls to live in a world which may be ao- curate]y characterized as industrial, and technological. !boy Pales, ustr T en er She , _ Albany, . Y. ( vers ), 1944. p. 3. 5 Gardon 0. Wilber, (International Textbook •,; , ohn Friese, Course el (The Manual Arts Press). p. strlal tive 3 11 b� in ehensive y of the State of New York s in General Education. Penn: stria.]. Education,. Illinois: The College Station comet pity is sine in v csh there ie a definite need for an answer to a problem of this nature. For an understanding, for a true picture, and for the real, significance of this problem, it is necessary to acquaint one with the echo* , and the community, The s ahoOl plant consists of pne seven reomframe building one four tom Prise building, a gymnaeium a cafeter4a ; $ two room concrete block buildingi a snack bar, and a -home ecami lit eottage One roam of the conctsee block building is used for ea .eeme anal the other room uhioh is partially equipped, is used for industrial .arts teaching. The enrollmnt in i956 we threw hundred and Sixty and a steady increase is emoted for the na:,t five years. With this enrollment and the present plant, only a very limited program can be offered, The Negro population is rather stable, Most of the Negroes are home-owners inch ing those in the rural sections.. Employment is feted on the A and M College campus for the adults and a large nudber of the high school age youths. Even during the war period, when e; were seeking people g wages there was little earring aaaout. 7 The schools today are expected to make a greater contribution to the student ,and to society in general than ever before. 7 Th° content° of the three paragraphs were taken from school records and an interview With the principal. Student° must bCdeveloped in ffiuohh a way that they can find their places in society. In the College Station area, by and girls who leave school before the co p1etion of the secondary school course and those after completion, for the most part, enter commercial, industrial and household pursuits. Throughout their lives the econcdo activities in which they age will be found in .these fields, An industVial arts program pi's an important part in meeting certain personal needs of the boys and girls. Such a program provides try..out opportunities where some of the important occupational fields may be sampled. Limitation of the Problem. The study is a proposed plan for the teaching of industrial arts in the College Station area It is true that there are programs in operation in sztrrounding areas but this study will be wnibinod to a program suitable for this particular area, for shop work for boys, including house construction, furniture n t ing, repairing and concrete. 5 Need for Study 6 As in the ease of all subjects whose prinary aims and controlling purrposeo involve the development of vocational efficiency, the valuee of industrial subjects in the progra* of the O haolere to be determined by their direst and specific contribution to the egonomic.vocatiou X aim of secondly education. It must be recognised, SS vas stated, that a large proportion of boys and girls will later engage in industrial occupation and it must also be recogni that social agencies _other than school, including the industries themselves* do not provide ads- quate training for those who participate in industrial activities. So, it is very imperative that there should be provisions for industrial education in the school. Method Used. The study made is a wed one. The data collected for this study are not of a statietioal nature. Questionnaires were not used. The facts were collected from books records, reports and a special interview, Technio As wan stated, questionnaires were not used] therefore research methods were not used. In this study a true picture of the existing shop will be view and a proposed plan that wtil provide study areas which are adaptable and suitable for the present community and its need:. cx its future generation will be presented. Existing Shop or Industrial Arts Program 7 The proms of irduetria1 arts in anr echool is determined by such factors as building, equipment, students, community needs and employment. With either of these factors absent or limited, the pro- gram will be limited. With a student on one and of a log and the teacher on the other end, one will not be able to turn out students that will find employment in an industrial society. The prwgram, at Lincoln is limited because of the building and equipment. The fol- lowing are the major whine tools found in the present shops band saw, joiner, table saw, drill, small lathe sander, electric welder, grinder and a concrete mixer. The hand tools include hammer, saws, squares, planes, levels, chisels, marking guage, and bins. The course offerings are added earpentry for the seniors, gem.. eral s oadvork for the tenth and eleventh grades, and shop tools and use for the eighth and ninth grades. The present shop is a concrete block building with the dimensions of 16 feet by 30 feet. It is well lighted and ventilated and the _in terior is of a light green color, It has one lavatory and a storage space of 5 feet by 11 feet, which is used for etoring tools, lumber, paints, and other materials. There are three small work benches and one large one. Theee benches, the storage and the equipment, all of which are essential, reduce vital floor space. Even with limited equipment And facilities, the students interests in the various areas of instruction have been gratifying, (For floor plan sere appendix 1) Proposed Program The evoi* time of physieal facilities for p9reeent day industrial arts has gone hand in hand with the philosophy and interpre ation o t industrial arts as an integral, part of the program of genera). education. From a time when a dark corner in the basement was considered good enough for the shop class, with a carp ter or janitor elevated to be- Come thn *instructor," to the present, when often the most centralised section of the building is devoted to this work, with a professionally trained teacher a period full of progressive d evelopat. The problem of planning or reorganising a school Shop is so often a a problem industrial arts teachers merit face. When each planning or reorganizing is necessary there are several important factors to b. considered. One of these important factors is the size and shapers)! the shop. According to Wilber, the important considerations affecting size are: 1. The enrollment for the largest class which is anticipated. 2. The nature of the activities to be carried on in the shop. ° Emanuel E. Ericson hin the Adustrial Arts,. Illinois: (The Manual Arts Frees, 19467 4 p. 920. 9 Gordon 0. Wilber, 0D. sit j . p. 25. 9 The shop should be rectangular utth a ratio of width to length between lrl4 and 112. Authorities agree that a minimum of 60 square feat of floor epaae per student shy be provided, and that 75 square feet per student would be considered fully adequate. The enrollment for the largest class c ttioipated is ten, therefore a floor space of 750 square feet will be an ideal floor plan for the proposed shop. In developing a flour plan for any shop, it is Very necessary to know what VII. of prom= is to be tarried on. In this proposed pr a- graza the areas to be included are, 1. woodworking area, 2. eteatr3 -► oal area and 3. a drawing area. Certain problems are related to these areas and certain facilities and equipment are necessary. In planning the instructional areas, a blackboard, seating facilities,, demonstration bench, projection she, and a planning cuter are the items needed. She blackboard should be so placed that reflected light from the blackboard be avoid.. ed. For oleos and discussion periods, state should be provided for the students. Benches may be used or folding chairs which will mice it possible for this area to be used for other purposes. The demon- stration bench, which can be merely the of the regular benches, is one to be used by the students during work periods. Most new shops are now being developed with the planning comer as an integral. part of the shop organisation. It is felt that inasmuch 10;1444%, p• 254. as planning is such an important part of the progress, the center whore this work is done should have a place of prominence, Better reunite are always obtained from planning, so with a definite area set aside, properly equipped and organized for this work, students can be easily enraged to plan. Equipment should be purchased for the use of the students, not for the pleasure and experimentation of the instructor, There should be a definite plan for placing the equipment and in 00 doing, the prime consideration to keep in mind when locating equent are; the operating space, light conditions, the routing of work, and rover for later addition=s In purchasing hand tools,, only the highest quality should be con- stantly used by unskilled workers, in a course of time cheap toots will not be eoonomieal, All equipment should be well adapted to the numerous US OS. In small shops wire there is may one shop in the echoal the tool panel is still, com=m=only used„ The panel should be so planned as to give an orderly appearance, bays suggests the following very effect- ive schemes 1. To letter on the panel the name of each tool so that when the tool i.e in its proper place the lettering will be part- ially or wholly covered, 2 . Draw with paint on the panel an exaot outline of the tools 11fricscrn• e .. CU p, 326. L2 JW *e t o beLtot+L is 5 tt ,- proper place, 3. Paint a cumber on the panel in a space which will be covered by the tool when it is in itb pryer place; the same =her panted or itched on the ttml.. The sire of the tool.rooaa ie deterred by the size of the classes and the "matte involves both the utter of convenience and of dic. dpline. The exhibit case or a place for exhibits play a very important part in shop work, therefore an adequate suitable place should be pro* vided. The exhibit will stimulate better effort on the part of, pract- iaally all students„ and such stimulation, should be kept in the right thermal by a capable and interested instructor. Mchibits also stimu- late the effort toward producing high grade work and special training in arrangement, poster .oalc ng and lettering The proposed shop should oocup r a floor space of 750 square feet not including the planning, storage a nd toolroom. The building material should be concrete bloeke or brick or a type of material that is fire.. proof. The interistrof the shop should be well v eriti1ated, well lighted, and painted a soft green color. It should also be equipped with the necessary equipetent for instruction in woodwork, concrete work, drawing and electrical. Work. 12 Arthnr B. Maye and Carl H. Casbery, c1120 -Shot ist at (Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing , 1950), p. 14. 33For proposed plan see appendix II. In the selection of hand tools orr the highest quality should be purchased, because they will bo in oonetant use by unskilled workers. Each work bench should be providsd witu the rosemary tools. In selecting tools for a shop,, the following factors should be kept cleanly in minds (1) the nature of thaw courses, (2) the maturity of the pupils , (3) the rise and lotion of the tool room, and (4) the amount of fey available. In the purchasing seder the number of each kind of tool, and the size of each tool should be included. Table I is a suggested list of hand tools for the proposed shop. Table x Suggested List of Hand Tools for the Proposed Shop Quantity Name and description of tool 2 Hammers, ball pain, 4 oz. 2 flamers, bail pain, 8 oz. 2 Hummers, ball pein, 16 oz. 2 Hammers, ball. pain,, 24 oz. 2 Hawsers, blacksmith, 3 lbs. 2 Hammers, cellulose tip, 16 oz. 3 Hammers, oiew, 7 oz. 12 Haters, Claw 13 oz. . 3 Hammers, Claw, 16 oz. 1 Hammer, combination, tire 1 Hammer# dinging, 13 oz. 1 Hammer, $ 1 Hammer► �,� oz. 1 der, embossing, 8 oz. 1 Hamer, "raising 2 Hammers, riveting, 8 as. 2 Hammers, Betting, 12 on. 2 Hammers, silversmiths 5 Hammers,, tack 6 Hammers, ripping, 16 ors. 1 Hone, cylinder 1 Indicator, high speed 1 Jack, !hydraulic, garage, 2 ton 1 Jig, big 5 Knives, putty 1 Knife, saddler's swivel 1 Ladle, melting 3 Leather tools, Bet 3 Levels, wood, 24' 5 Mallets, rubber 2 Mallets, rawhide 2 Mallets, composition- 1 Milirimeters, 9-100 ma 1 Millimeters, 0400 ma 1 Micro u ter, set, 0" to l comb 14 Table 1 (Canted) Suggested List of Rand tools for the Proposed Shops Quantit7 Name and description of tool 3 Nippers, end cutting, 8" 6 Nail sets, assorted sizes 6 Nail pullers 5 Oilers, can, i pt. 3. Oiler, auto spring 9 Oil stones, coarse and fine 1 Oil stone, - ea,ip 1 Oscillator, auto frequency 1 Oscilloscope, 7" tube 1 Pen, reins 3 Planes, block, 6" 6 Planes, Jack, 14" 8 Planes, Smooth, 9* 3 Planes, jointer 4 Planes, rabbet 3 Pliers, combination, 6" 1 Pliers, brake spring 1 Pliers, diagonal, 6" 1 Pliers, electricians 2 Pliers, flat nose 2 Pliers, long nose 4 Pliers, aide cutting, 6" 1 Pliers, vise grip, 6" 1 Pincers, carpenter's 8* 1 Piston, pine hone universal 1 Pipe threader, 3/8" to 1 1/2" 1 Pips die, and head 1/!" to 3/4" 1 Points, tr %me1 1 Protractor 6 Punches, center 2 Punch, lollov, 3/8" to 1 1/2" (set) 1 Punch, leather lacing 1 punch, prick 1 Punch, round ere 1 Punch, drift gins (set) 1 Reamer, pipe, taper, 1/4" to 7/8" 1 Ring compressor 1 Ring groove cleaner 1 Rivet set, #0-8 1 Rule, circumference, 36" 6 Rules, 2 folding, steal 1 Rule, steel, tape, 100 15 Table I (Cont'd) Suggested List of Hand tools for the Proposed Shope Quantity Name and description of tool 12 Rules, steel tape, 1 1 Rule, shrink 8 Saws, back 5 Sags, compass, 10 8 Saws, coping 6 Sawe 'awe out,, 26" 8 pt. 4 Sawa, cross cut, 26" 10 pt. 3 Saw, jewelers 7 Saws, rip, 26" 5i pt. 6 Saw sets 6 Saw clams 1 Triangular scale, 12" 1 4i" 5 ct , beb5.net 1 Sorev plate 1/4" to 3/4" 3 Screwdriver, paint ", 4" 3 Screwdriver, 6 ", 8" 3 Screwdriver, 10", 12" 1 Scre�adriver, Phillips (set) 1 Sea,mer, hand 1 Screwdriver, spiral ratchet 1 Shield, erasing 1 Sledge, blacksmith, 8 Ms. 1 Snips, aircraft, right 1 Snipe, aircraft, left 1 Snips, coMbination 3" out 3 Spokeshaves, 2" 1 Socket set, 1/4" drive 1 Socket set, 3/8" drive 1 Socket set, 1/2" drive 6 Squares, combination level 8 Squares, framing 24' 6 Squares, try, an 2 Squares, try and miter, 8' 1 Stake, beakhorn 1 Stake, blown 1 Stake, candle mold 1 Stake, coppersmith 1 Stake, double seaming 1 Stake, hatchet l Stake, hollow mandrel 1 Stake, needleoaae 3.6 Fable 1 ( Cont'd) Suggested List of Hand tools for the Proposed shops Quantity Name and description of tool 1 Stake, plate 1 Stake, roundhead 1 Stake, square 1 Tap and die machine 1 Tap and Die set, NO & NF 1 3. Triangle, dx�a1'tsman, 4� / � iangl : 0 1 T square 1 Tweezers 4 4 Tongs, blacksmith, 3/ , 1 /4" to 3/8" 4 Tongs, flat, round, square (each) 4 Tongs, straight lip, 3 /8 ", to 1/2 4 Torches, gasoline, 1 qt, 6 Trowel, brick, 10-* 1/2 2 Trowel, finishing, cwt 1 Wood burning set 1 Wheel pulling set 1 `reneh, box, open end, 3 /8", 1..14" 1 Wrench, open end 1/4" to 1 -1/8" 1 Wrench, double hex, 3/8" to 1" (16th.) 1 Wrench, tappet, 7/16" to On 1 Wrench, tappet, 1/2" x 9/16" 1 Wrench, adjustable end, 4" 1 Wrench, adjustable end, 6" 1 Wrench, adjustable end, 8" 1 Wrench, adjustable end, 12" 2 Wrenches, monkey, 10" 1 Wrench, pipe, 14" 1 Wrench, pipe, 24" 1 Valve refacer 1 Voltmeter, AC, 0-5,.0.10, 0.180, 0 -250 1 Voltmeter, DC, 0-►10, 0.100 1 Volt»ohm.milliamester 17 Table II Suggested List of Power Equipment and Machinery for Proposed Shope Quantity Name and description of tool 12 Aaetyl.ene (complete outfit) 1 A- frame, rubber casters 1 Air oom ressor (one outfit for all shops, compressed air to be piped to each area) 1 Asameter Ac„ 0-10 amperes 1 Atsr, AC, 0-50 amperes 1 Ammeter, DC, 0-30 amperes 1 Anvil, SO lbs. 1 Brake, box and pan, 2$R 1 Brake, box and cornice, 48" 2 Bar, folder, 24" 1 Battery charger, 10 amp 1 Battery charger, 6 amp 1 Drill press, electric, 14" 1 Drill electric, portable, 1/2" 1 Drill, electric, portable, 1/4" 1 Drill., vise, 3" jaw 1 Furnace, soldering, 2 burner 1 Forge, blacksmith 1 Forster, Blip roll, 30" 1 Grinder, !lee shaft 1 Grinder, 2 h. p., heavy duty 1 Grinder, 6" 1 Grinder, 10" 1 grinder, hard Beat, valve (set) 1 Hacksaw, parer 1 Headset, radio 1 Hoist, chain, track type, 1 ton 1 Jack, hydraulic, floor, 2 ton 1 Jointer, 8" li g ", ::: a gtktg 12" 1 Machine, blueprint J 10 Table II (Costa) duggested List of Power Equipment and Machinery for Proposed Shbps Quantity Name and description of tool 2 biter boxes 2 Miter vises 1 Mortiser 1 Motor stand, universal 1 Oven, electric, with thermostat 2 Paint guns 1 Prase, arbor, 2 ton 1 Sander, dusk or spindle, 12" 1 Sander, polisher, 7" disk 1 Sander, portable type, belt, 4 1/2" 1 dander, oscillating type I Saw, band, 14" 1 .Saw, circular 10" bench 1 Saw, portable electric 8" 1 1 Shaper jig, 24" Per 1 Shaper, router, portable 1 Spark plug cleaner and tester 1 Sheare, bench 14 ga. cap. 1 Shears, squaring, 18 ga., 36" 1 Shears, beverly, 10 ga. 1 Tank, print washing Turning machine 1 Tank, quenching 6 Welders, electric, AC type 6 Welders, electrio, DC type 4 Vises, machinist, 4" jaw 2 Vises, pipe, 1/2" to 2" 19 Table II (Ccnt'd) Suggested Lied of Power &uipxnent and Machinery for Proposed Shope Quantity Name and description of tool 12 " Vises, woodworking 1 Valve refacing machine 14 Aaueon W. Thompson, (An Example for Rural Areas), "goordinated Industrial Arts and Vocational Agriculture," .Industrial Arts and Vocationaltucation, March, 1955, School Shop Annual. p. 88. 20 , Role of Personnel *The teacher is the dominant influence in any educational program0 Because industrial, arty has come of age, the elevated janitor or Carper. ter is no longer plated in a position that should be filled with pro. fessionally prepared and well qualified person The successful intus+ trial arts teacher ' must have a college trained background in methods psychology and Other teaching teCbniquee 1,in order to do an effective Job of teaching Ericson lute three outstanding qualifications for eucaeasful teaching in industrial. arts They are: (1) ability to teaahl (2) ability as a craftsman; and ( 3) scholastic and cultural baekground. The industrial arts teacher needs the same culture and refirzegent that is demanded of other teachers in the school system. He Mould also be able to speak and write correct engl,ish and have some appreciation of literature in genera, He mast be health3r both physically and mentally if be is to with. stand the more of teaching It is important too that he have good habits of neatness and grooming Teachers should be able to teach all four areas recommended. rial,lie L. Caswell ed, The American High. School (New Fork: Harper and Brothers Publisher 1946)* p. 183. Sumnary and Conclusion 22 It is industry that has left home and walked itself up in places called planets, factories, where Clothing, food, housing, the essentials of life that used to be made in and around the he for those who live in the home, are now turned out through mass p ductionir The skills acquired in these factories cannot be learned in the naturel way that comparable sicille are learned on the farm or in the home. We must educate our boys and girls teach then skills, personality and good citizenship. This is truly a mecanic ai age. Zducatict for induct; xY is a major problem. As in the ease of all subjects of study whosw primary aims and controlling purposes involve the development of vocational efficiency, the valves of industrial subjects in the program of the schools are to be determined by their direct and specific cosntributiens to the econcedo-vooational aim of education. We must recognise that a large proportion of beys and girls will later engage in industrial occupations, and that other eooial agencies, than the school, including the industries themselves, do not provide adequate training for those who participate in industrial activities. It is very imperative that industrial educa- tion should have a prominent place in the school. � C- LuEi.40- r I+ I tk 4 11 Q Q J ( 7p S ,5 F114USH1 hjG P0.CJEc r R n 1- °Q 0 17. x a f 3 , 1:=1 33 Q 3°D 1 a Coo - 0" bib I L I 7 r 1 H 1 ,o it. D'i 1•a w 1q � I 0 2.1 y� 0L9 t4 34 P===I OFFICE TOILET CLASS R Z0 .—, 0 0 1 Chart 1 . TOOLS AND E.1JIPK (T FOR THE PROPOSED SHOP 1. 4 student work benches 2 OiZtwott sane 3. Jester 4, Planer 5, Tilting arbor saw 6, Band can 7. Shaper 8, Drill Press 9, Mortising machirs 10. Jigsaw 11• Belt sander 12. Disk sander. 13. Wood lathe 14. Woodworking tool cabinet 15. Gluing table 16. Janitors sink 17. Drinking fountain recessed in wall 18. Bulletin board 19. Blackboard 20, Washstand 21. Grinder 22. Electrical work beech 23. Sheetmetal bench 24. Sheetmetal *bear 25. Sheetmetal break 26. Electric panel 27. Drill press 28. Metal lathes' 29. Arbor press 30, Metal "racking tool cabinet 31. Drill press (radial) 32. Anvils 33. Grinder 34. Welding booth 35. Metal cutting band saw 36. Milling machine 37. Power hack saw 38. Shaper (metal) 39. Sliding door 24 App3MIX II 16 PRESENT PI-AM Tfi. 17. R. PanJ7-1 tbt'ary FruiriJ View liqiversity Frair:e Vj lcxp- SC1E7iXE STORAGE n 25 ff) ••■••-•• 1 M Band sax 1 y Jointer flip saw 1 - Mitre saw �. �► trig ear 1 .• Wood lathe 1 - Drill. press 1 - Shaper PCW i DQUIFMZW r AND XACHIN iY IN PRESENT SHOP 26 Caswell, Bolles L.. ®An2eri Brothers Ptbers,, Bricsan. BnanneI ID., Manual Arta Press. re Tales. Roy 0,, Rarver4i York. 19 Inglis. Alexander, Heath and Wilber, Gordon O., 44 et Internet.. T I3akanniB,Brs� k.���{{.��_�� , ��:aA'! �„ • Publishing Bouser. Frederick G. and Moseman. Lois Coffey. limmact Schoo1• New York: The Ma 4 • ' 4 The 932• 4 # i, i 3C 41. New York: Harper and Illinois: The ri A s. Viva t hen ve ew oz'k var ©P a ate of Now '" Ettucat*i Baste: D. C. Mays, Arthur B,„ and Casberg, Carl, H.. Shop .<<, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing _ ration. • Newkirt, Louie V., guanuAn air# Qa the General The Manual Arts Press. 19 3hc�p. Illinois: Education.. Penn4Ylvania: Receded interview with Mr. W. A. Tarrov, College Station, Texas, � ' 27, 1957. The Handbook of Texas Online: College Station, Texas Handbook of Texas Online: COLLEGE STATION, TX Page 1 of 2 HDCO2 THE HAN DBOOK OF TEXAS return to handbook view COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS. College Station, the home of Texas A &M University, is located just south of Bryan in southwest central Brazos County, and is crossed by State Highway 6, Farm roads 2154, 2347, 2818 and 60, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Bryan and College Station adjoin to form the urban heart of Brazos County. The Houston and Texas Central Railway built through the area in 1860. In 1871 the site was chosen as the location of the proposed Texas A &M College, which opened in 1876. In 1877 a post office, College Station, was opened in a building near the railroad tracks, and the community took its name from the post office. A railroad depot was constructed in 1883; By 1884 the community had 350 inhabitants and two general stores. Faculty members generally lived on campus in housing provided by the university. College Station received electrical service in the 1890s; the population was 391 in 1900. One of many electric interurban railwaysq" in Texas was established between Bryan and College Station in 1910, and over the next ten years the area just north of the campus developed as a business district. The interurban was replaced by a bus system in the 1920s. Children from the community attended school in neighboring school districts until 1920, when the A &M Consolidated School was established by the college to enhance its teacher - education programs. In the 1920s and 1930s, as the college grew, the community built in all directions. In the early 1930s the North Oakwood subdivision, at the northern end of College Station, voted to incorporate with Bryan. In 1938 College Station incorporated, with John H. Binney as the first mayor. A zoning commission was established in 1939, and the city has maintained a tradition of managed growth. That same year the remaining faculty living on campus were told to move, and the need for housing in College Station grew more. In 1940 the town had 2,184 inhabitants (not including students) and sixty businesses, and a new school building was completed. In 1942 Ernest Langford, called by some the "Father of College Station," was elected mayor, an office he held for the next twenty -six years, during which he emphasized developing city services over commercial expansion. Lincoln High School for blacks was completed in 1942. College Station moved to council- manager city governmentq" in 1943. By 1950 it had 7,898 inhabitants, including students. Texas A &M initiated a major expansion program in the 1960s, and College Station has grown with the school. The community grew from a population of 11,396 in 1960 to 17,676 in 1970, 30,449 in 1980, and 52,456 in 1990, thus increasing almost fivefold in thirty years. School desegregation was achieved rapidly after the black high school burned down in 1966, and a number of new schools have been built since the 1960s to accommodate population growth. Through its ties with the university, College Station has developed high -tech manufacturing industries and become a major research center. http:// www. tsha.utexas.edu /handbook/online /articles /print /CC /hdc2.html 10/27/2003 College Station Texas 1938/1988 Written by Deborah Balliew other facilities. The four entities agreed to share the cost of the study which was estimated at $54,000. Although a grant available from the federal government could finance one -half the cost of the project, leaders decided not to pursue that course of action. Local funding, as expressed by Langford, would insure that no strings would be attached. The following year the Planning Commission dis- cussed the possibility of developing their organization into a non - profit corporation. First suggested by College Sta- tion City Attorney, Clarence E. Dillon, the proposed corpo- ration would have more latitude to accomplish the commission's goals. It would be able to make contracts, enter into negotiations, and conduct business transactions. It was anticipated that the corporation would be able to obtain facilities for the Brazos area that the individual cities or the college alone could not. The Brazos Area Planning Corporation, considered a pioneering effort, was the first non - profit corporation of its type to be established in Texas. Under its auspices the Brazos Area Plan was adopted. The plan offered profitable guidelines for the community. Interest in the corporation, however, waned by the mid- 1960s. Leaders soon concen- trated more heavily on the planning of their individual communities than the whole Brazos County. During the early 1960s, College Station officials fo- cused their attention on accommodating the growth of their own city. The Planning and Zoning Committees had been combined into one in 1958, giving it more ability to direct development. The council bought six lots facing Highway 6 in the College Hills Estates subdivision as a site for a future city hall complex, and they appointed a com- mittee to determine what facilities would be included in the complex. With the urging of Councilman D. A. Anderson, the Parks Committee was reactivated in 1963. Using the Bra- zos Area Plan as a point of reference, the committee was 39 to plan for the development of parks in the city and make recommendations for improvements to the council. The Recreation Council began a long -range study in July 1964 to identify the recreational needs of the community for the next twenty-five years. They proposed at that time the acquisition of twenty -five acres behind the cemetery for use as a city park. One important issue that officials analyzed was the improvement of the city's traffic network. College Station needed more east -west thoroughfares and more streets that would aid traffic flow into Byran. Officials decided in 1965 to extend Jersey, a major east -west road, to Easter - wood Airport. Suggestions were made to open up the County Road which ran by Lincoln School from Highway 6 to Wellborn Road and to connect Lincoln Street to Bryan's East 29th Street. The council also agreed to con- tribute the city's share of the construction cost of the Highway 6 Bypass. One of the biggest transportation concerns that the council faced was the construction of an underpass at the intersection of FM 60, also known as Sulphur Springs Road and later renamed University Drive, and the Southern Pacific and Missouri Pacific railroad tracks. As early as 1957, the District Engineer of the State Highway Commis- sion, C. B. Thames, proposed the idea to the city. If Col- lege Station would donate the right-of-way and pay the cost of utility adjustments, the state would coordinate the consolidation of the railroad tracks and build the under - pass. The city tentatively agreed to financially support the plans in 1961 with the understanding that Brazos County would pay one - fourth of the condemnation fees. In 1964 Thames urged the city to begin right -of way pro- ceedings because the project was ready to enter the con- struction phase. College Station, however, encountered difficulties which threatened to prevent the fruition of the project. At first, the county was not willing to absorb twenty-five Chapter IV A New Direction, 1966 -1974 Primarily due to an expansion program initiated at Texas A. and M. College, College Station entered a dy- namic period of development beginning in the late 1960s. College officials, after evaluating the school's academic program in 1961, adopted measures that stimulated the growth of both the college and the city. With hopes of attaining national recognition, officials upgraded academic and faculty standards and encouraged the enrollment of more students. In 1963 the college admitted women on a limited basis, and by 1965 students were no longer re- quired to participate in the ROTC program. The Board of Directors implemented an $85 million building program, which included a six million dollar cyclotron complex, to complement the broadened curriculum. The institution also changed its name; Texas A. and M. College became known as Texas A&M University) Officials had not fully envisioned the rapid rate of expansion that followed. Between 1965 and 1975, student enrollment more than doubled, escalating from 9,521 to 25,247. The ensuing changes were exciting for the city as well as the university. The college's new program attracted an increasing number of professionally educated people, encouraged future development of research facilities in the community, and provided jobs for citizens. The Bryan. College Station community was recognized as the main growth center for the Brazos Valley. A significant change, however, was the movement of major business activity out of downtown Bryan toward the university.' 41 Evidence of growth soon became visible in College Station in the form of new stores, restaurants, and service centers. The number of apartments mushroomed from fewer than 100 in 1963 to more than 2,900 units ten years later.' City leaders and residents alike realized the need to direct this expansion. Not only was planning necessary to insure provision for adequate municipal facilities, but also to preserve the city's neighborhoods. In the early 1970s the council began to prepare College Station's first com- prehensive plan for development. During this period of the city's history, more so than previous periods, College Station reflected events that were developing on the national level. At a time when the federal government became more involved in local affairs, College Station residents elected David A. Anderson as mayor. He sought to extend the role of city government. Anderson believed that the mayor should be a strong administrator, and he took an active part in making the government an efficient operation. College Station mirrored national issues in other ways. Reversing their previous attitude, the council applied for federal funds to finance municipal projects. The school district faced the matter of integration, and city officials, especially Mayor Anderson, took a new interest in the problems of the Negro community. College Station men also served in Viet Nam; two soldiers from the area be- came prisoners of war. In the midst of the invigorating expansion, a lawsuit, brought against College Station, temporarily limited city activities. Although several municipal projects were seri- ously hampered, the city withstood the crisis and contin- ued to develop. College Station was in the process of being transformed from a college- oriented small town to a major central Texas city. City leaders began charting the new course in the mid- 1960s. Anderson submitted his first five-year plan to the council in 1967. His "capital improvements" program in- cluded such amenities as a fire and police station, a new city park, expansion of the sewage disposal plant, and a cultural center. The council implemented some of these suggested projects after the tax payers approved the 1968 bond issue. In 1969 the mayor sent a list of his proposals to a cross - section of 100 citizens, asking them for com- ments, criticism, and additional input. Most residents re- sponded. Anderson's list of seventeen goals for 1971, his last year in office, focused on achieving municipal self- sufficiency. Establishing the city's own water source and generating its own electricity were among the items he enumerated.' 6 Beside surveying opinions, Anderson employed other measures to promote citizen interest in municipal affairs. During his administration officials composed and mailed to residents an annual report highlighting the city's yearly activities. The accounts were attractive and readable; the 1969 issue won an award as an outstanding city report at the Texas Municipal League conference." The mayor also greatly expanded the number of committees, and engaged more residents in community service. In the five years that he was in office, Anderson introduced more than twelve new committees. He hoped that such additional groups as the Health, Beautification, Safety, and Airport Zoning Committees plus the five com- missions already established would strengthen community development's Periodically, Anderson wrote to each com- mittee, outlining goals and needs, and some groups sub- mitted yearly evaluations of their progress to the council. Anderson was most proud of the committee desig- nated as the Mayor's Special Committee. It met only dur- ing his administration. Created to uplift the Negro neighborhoods, the committee consisted of nine black leaders representing different areas of town. At the re- quest of the mayor, the members surveyed the Negro 43 community. They questioned families about, specific needs, quality of housing, financial situation, and occupa- tional opportunity. Utilizing the results of the survey, the council imple- mented programs to improve existing conditions. Ander- son met with Earl Rudder, president of Texas A &M University during this period, and worked on measures that increased salaries and benefits of the black university employees. The city continued to work on extending Lincoln Street and the County Road which provided better access to black neighborhoods. The council also applied for a Housing and Urban Development (HUD) grant in order to subsidize a housing project for low - income fami- lies. Although forty units were originally planned, only five or six houses materialized. Negro families, perhaps because they did not want to leave familiar surroundings, were reluctant to move into the new housing. Officials also looked into the possibility of converting the partially damaged Lincoln School into a recreational center for the blacks. In January 1966 the Lincoln School, which housed educational facilities for Negro students, had burned. With 600 to 700 spectators hindering fire- fighting efforts, firemen and volunteers could not prevent severe damage. Ten classrooms were lost along with the library, principal's office, and all school records. A black citizen admitted to Anderson that the fire was intention- ally set in order to force integration in College Station. Black schools in Bryan met similar fates. The school district agreed in 1968 to lease Lincoln School to College Station for recreational purposes. The city also obtained use of property adjacent to the school for an all- purpose sports field. The project was not imme- diately successful. Youngsters vandalized the facilities, and only after Anderson pleaded with the black community for support did the destruction diminish. By 1973, how- ever, Lincoln Center offered a full -time recreational pro- gram for all College Station residents and offered such $600,000 bond election to finance the remaining portion of the project. Concerned about existing conditions, citizens en- dorsed the largest bond election to date by a four to one margin. Contracts for the new or improved facilities were let in the summer of 1967. By the following year, the pump station and ground storage tank neared completion, and thirteen miles of new water lines encircled the city. On September 27, 1968 the new water tower, which would serve the needs of the public for at least twenty years, began operation. The council also focused their attention on expanding sewer facilities. With the assistance of the Brazos Valley Development Council the city sought funds from the Eco- nomic Development Administration (EDA) for sewer ex- tensions. One of the objectives of an EDA - sponsored grant was to insure that the funded project would provide job opportunities and services for people in underdeveloped areas. The EDA recognized Bryan- College Station as the growth center for the seven county area served by the Brazos Valley Development Council, and they awarded the city a $332,500 matching grant for sewer improvements in May 1970. Officials, however, temporarily shelved the project when a lawsuit filed against the city that same year consumed their energies. College Station residents finally witnessed the comple- tion of the long - awaited city hall complex. When Mayor Anderson submitted his first five -year plan in 1967, calling for construction of new city offices and a combination police and fire station, he also suggested holding a bond election which would finance the proposals. The council at the time tabled the motion. During the July 24, 1967 council meeting, Joseph Orr, who had resigned from city government at the same time as Langford, presented a petition signed by 428 citizens that asked for a special election for many of the same capital improvements ear- lier endorsed by Anderson. 45 The council agreed to the request, and in February 1968 voters approved an $840,000 bond election. The city employed Charles R. Watson as architect for the city hall complex, and city leaders held ground- breaking ceremo- nies for the new center on April 26, 1969. The project which Langford had dreamed of and initiated was con- structed across from Texas A &M University along High- way 6. City officials held their first council meeting in the new building on March 9, 1970 and citizens celebrated the dedication of city hall and the police /fire station with an Open House on March 21, 19 7 0." Once the city acquired its own fire station, council members worked toward expanding their fire - fighting ser- vice to a full-time operation. Prior to the completion of the station, the city had installed its own fire alarm system and had purchased two 750 gallon per minute pumper fire trucks. In 1971 city and university officials met to discuss the details of gradually transferring all firefighting activi- ties to the city. It was hoped that the transition could be completed within five years. Meanwhile, the city and the university would both contribute to the salary of Fire Chief E. F. Sevison, and College Station would continue to use the school's volunteers and equipment. The council also investigated ways to improve College Station's police and emergencies services. Anderson ar- ranged to have officers from the Department of Public Safety evaluate the police department; this made College Station unique among Texas cities. The state officers in- spected every aspect of the Police Department organiza- tion and suggested in a report valuable guidelines for future expansion. In May 1967 Melvin Luedke became chief of police, and at the same time the city added four more men to the force. Anderson was also instrumental in obtaining the national emergency phone number 911 for the community. College Station was one of the first cities in Texas and the Southwest to employ this service." Warranty Deed � Vtth'� `�"rruaa � 1 � v MARTIN Tl ta3jo�r�o., balfaa A•103— WARRANTY DEED-1 • .�.,..::,.y....;,,, Single, Wlte a Separate and joint Acknowledgments.. ` R N S (� TFJE STATE OF TEXAS, �'� �;'� COUNTY or....i3zas Know All Men By These Presents: That AVM Consolidated Independent School District, an independent school district organized and existing under the laws of the State of Texas, herein referred to as "Grantor" of the County of Brazos , State of Texas for and in consideration of thesumof Ten and no /100 Dollars and other good and valuable considera- tion toGrantorp ,, ,;,,.,,itxRaido bx 1542 ?7 fr, >, 4'ciac V 21,1978 FRANK BORISKI County Clue, ems. Country, Bryan, Tina ilwiv.M Xilxr;li ,SiX have Granted, Sold and Conveyed, and by these presents do Grant, Sell and Convey unto the said City of College Station Parks and Recreations Foundation of the County of Brazos , State of Texas tract of land heretofore known as,the Lincoln School Property made up out al of the fourxxxxm tracts of property particularly described as follows: Tract 1. All that certain tract or parcel of land lying and being situated in the Crawford Burnett Survey, Abstract No. 7, in Brazos County, Texas, and being described as follows: Beginning at a stake set on the. Northwest side of a public road, which said stake is at the Most Easterly corner of a three -acre tract of land conveyed by Edward V. Hrdlicka and wife, Birdie Bea - trice Hrdlicka, to Fletcher A. Whitmore, by deed dated September 1, 1928, and recorded in Volume 72, Page 505, Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas. THENCE N45 -1/2 W with the Northeast line of said Whitmore's tract 539 feet to a stake for corner: II THENCE S45 - 1/2 E 539 feet to a stake set for corner on the North- west side of said public road; THENCE S44 -1/2 W with said road, 243 feet to the Place of Begin- ning, containing three acres of land. Tract 2. All that certain tract,parcel and lot of land 50 x 150 feet in the Crawford Burnett survey in Brazos County, Texas, described as follows: Beginning at a stake set in the Southwest line of Eleanor Street, which stake is the North corner of a tract of land belonging to the A$M Consolidated Public School for Negroes; THENCE, N45 W with the Southwest line of Eleanor Street sn ;POI ;take for corner; THENCE S 45 W 150 feet to a stake for corner; THENCE S 45 E 50 feet to a corner on the Northwest line of the school tract above mentioned; THENCE N 45 E with said line, 150 feet to the Place of Beginning. The above tract being partof the tract of land 100 x 150 conveyed to Rachael Jenkins McBride by Edward V. Hrdlicka and wife Birdie Beatrice Hrdlicka by deed dated June 29, 1944, and duly recorded in Volume 116, Page 369, of the Deed Records, Brazos County, Texas, to which reference is here made for all purposes; and the above said 50x150 tract being that tract of land partitioned to Rachael Jenkins McBride as her separ- ate property by judgment of the District Court of Brazos County, Texas, in Cause Number 16131 --A, dated January 13, 1955, and duly recorded in Volume 166, Page 475, of the Deed Records, Brazos County, Texas, to which reference is here made for all purposes. Tract 3. All that certain tract or parcel of land lying and situated in the Crawford Burnett Survey in City of College Station, Brazos County, Texas. Said tract of land hereby conveyed being described as follows: Description of a tract consisting of 6231 square feet of land from the Ed Hrdlicka Estate, said land located in the Crawford Burnett League Abstract No. 7 in Brazos County, Texas. Beginning at an IP set in concrete the N or NE corner of a 1 -acre tract of land deeded by Steen to the City of College Station DR 158 -273; THENCE N 44 30 E 93 feet to an iron stake; THENCE S 45 30' E 67 feet to an iron stake; THENCE S 44 30' W 93 feet to an iron stake set in the NE line of the above mentioned 1 - acre tract; THENCE N 45 30' W along said line- 6.7;.feet to the Place o f---- Tract 4. - - regulations, ordinances and statutes of municipal or other governmentar, . authorities applicable to and enforceable against the described premises'i. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises, together with all and singular, the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywfse belonging unto the said City of College Station Parks and Recreation Foundation, its successors 'curs and assigns forever; and we do hereby bind •ourselves and our heirs Ausirg executors and administrators, to Warrant and Forever Defend all and singular the said premises unto the said City of College Station Parks and Recreation Foundation, its successors %tilt and assigns, agatn5t every person whomsoever lawfully claiming, or to claim the same, or any part thereof. BxoxkxixzgaeutxxgttebtcctAgxtttedxttxmtbtobemtoOckttcctAx.tesan:kxgdcatobtcozzeuhetrsttzd:/opzvt- vtx.xrxtrQttttxxklirimtonntokttntklbex*xsndockeAvvDcxxxxxxxxxxxxmaskaJkWtrcxtxtkxoQxvgx13ax Tx1/4 xermilnit lax x xxxxxxxx x x "dye xtuct texoreftlecxrakeeltltrIVC9chexxhts<draickshx1k brec ontrabwixtec Witness my hand 2 . 7 of MM Consolidated Witnesses at Request of Grantor: THE STATE OF TEXAS, COUNTY Olt ....... PIMP • ci t • •. ..• at College Station, Texas it) ...... is It.crowRIto be Oerson......—..whoso name... ........... to the foregoing •Ilee .exerAted the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed. HAND AND SEAL OF OFFICE, This.. 21st Notary Publi,...Kazos My Commission Expires June.... this ,A.D. 19 78, in behalf of the Board of Trustees Independent School District, Bruce W. Robec , President AM Consolidated Independent School District board. of Trustees day of BEFORE ME, the undersigned authority, In and for said County, Texas, on this day personaly appeared.- ..... Platgg. ...... RO.P.a4 .,S2nsol . Pd9,P.e,q,en t Sc1 Instrument, and acknowledged to me that .., A.D. 19 . ---,County, Texas 1 79 1' ,1 Description of a tract consisting of 113,596 square feet of land from the Ed Hrdlicka Estate, said land located in the Crawford Burnett League Abstract No. 7 in Brazos County, Texas. Beginning at an IP set in concrete the Northwest corner of a 1 -acre tract of land deeded by Clark to the City of College Station DR 158 -275; THENCE S 44 30' W at 242.6 feet past a 1" IP at 246 feet, the Northwest corner of this survey; THENCE S 44 55' E 408 feet to a point in the NW line of the Rum Finley tract; THENCE N 45 05' E 3.4 feet to a 1" black IP for the North or Northwest corner of the Rum Finley tract; stake; THENCE S 47 41' E along the Finley line 50 feet to an iron THENCE 44 3 E 245 feet to an iron stake set in the Southwest line of the Steen tract; THENCE N 45 30' W 40 feet past an IP in concrete, the South- west corner of the above mentioned 1 -acre tract at 458 feet to the Place of Beginning. Said land is sold pursuant to the following: On the 21st day of November, 1977, the Board of Trustees of the AU Consolidated Indepen- dent School District duly accepted "in principle" the Parks and Recrea\ tion Foundation offer to purchase the Lincoln School Property for $60,000.00 cash and $20,000.00 of other considerations in services to be rendered. On the,.cV day of July, 1978, the Board of Trustees of AFM Consolidated Independent School District accepted all - detail items of the offer of City of College Station Parks and Recreation Foundation and by resolution ordered the sale of the Lincoln School property to the named grantee. The Board of Trustees on that same date further authorized the President of the Board of said District to execute a general warranty deed conveying the interest of the School Distirct in the herein described tracts of land to the Grantee, the City of College Station Parks and Recreation Foundation, according to the tenor and conditions of the offer accepted by the Board. This General Warranty Deed is executed in compliance with the above described offer and acceptance. THE CONVEYANCE IS MADE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING: The Board of Trustees of Af,M Consolidated Independent School District further determines that the mineral interest conveyed herowith has a value of $100.00 per acre which sum is reserved to pay off the bonded indebtedness of the District. All valid and subsisting easements, restrictions, rights of way, condi- tions, exceptions, reservations and covenants of whatsoever nature of record, if any, and also to the zoning laws and other restrictions, \OTIC THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS That I, DON R. CAIN, rim Recorded FL- Prepared by the State Bar of Texas for use by Lawyers only. To select the proper form, fill in blank spaces, mike out lotm provisions or insert special terra constitutes the practice of law. No "standard form" can meet all requirements, WARRANTY DEED (LONG FORM) 148345 KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: of the County of Brazos and State of Texas for and in consideration of the sum of TEN AND NO /100 ($10.00) DOLLARS and other valuable consideration to the undersigned paid by the grantee herein named, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, At 3 , AUG 3 1978 FRANK BORISKIE Cou ra2as��tsfity. Bryan, Ti' 3 2 have GRANTED, SOLD AND CONVEYED, and by these presents do GRANT, SELL AND CONVEY unto A & M CONSOLIDATED INDEPENDENT SCHOOL DISTRICT REPRESENTED BY THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES OF SAID DISTRICT of the County of "Brazos and State of Texas , all of the following described real property in Brazos County, Texas, to -wit: Being Lot Nine (9) , Block Six (6) , SOUTHWOOD VALLEY, SECTION ELEVEN (11) an addition to the City of College Station, Texas, according to plat recorded in Vol. LIQQ, pg. 329, Deed Records of Brazos County,Texas, and comprising 11.17 acres of land, more or less. THIS CONVEYANCE IS MADE SUBJECT TO THE FOLLOWING: 1. Easement dated Dec. 19, 1950, from P. G. Longmire to Lone Star Gas Company recorded in Vol. 148, pg. 429, Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas, as defined in Partial Releases recorded in Vol. 65, pg. 100, and Vol. 75, pg. 717, Release Records of Brazos County, Texas. 2. Royalty interest reserved in Deed dated May 31, 1945, from John M. Zak, et ux to P. G. Longmire recorded in Vol. 119, pg. 390, Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas. 3. Royalty interest reserved in Deed dated May 25, 1961, from P. G. Longmire et ux to Roy W. Kelley, et ux recorded in Vol. 211, pg. 615, Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas. 4. Mineral Deed dated May 5, 1978, from Southwood Valley, Inc. to W. D. Fitch, Trustee, recorded in Vol. 396, pg. 613, Deed Records of Brazos County Texas. 5. Easement as shown of record on plat of Southwood Valley, Section 11, recorded in Vol. 400, pg. 329, Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas. 6. All valid and subsisting easements, restrictions, rights of way, conditions, exceptions, reservations and covenants of whatsoever nature of record, if any, and also to the zoning laws and other restrictions, regulations, ordinances and statutes of municipal or other governmental authorities applicable to and enforceable against the described premises. V k 1.3 Page 2 ? 6 appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging, unto the said grantee and I TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises, together with' ill and singular the rights and AND FOREVER DEFEND all and singular the said premises unto the said grantee , its successors, heirs and assigns, against every person whomsoever lawfully claiming or to claim the same or any part thereof. EXECUTED this 2nd THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS Before me, the undersigned authority, on this day personally appeared known to that he do hereby bind myself, my heirs, executors and administrators to WARRANT Given under my hand and. al ofoffice on this the • (Acknowledgment) me to be the psrson whose name is subscribed to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged to me exej nteed the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed. August Notary Public in and for Bra DON R. CAIN its SUe s assigns forever; day of , A. D. 19 78. - 7211( ai 0 County, Texas. on this day personally appeared Lrs, 14rie Yerek .'resident of the K.J.L.T. of Texas ao-ee to rie to be the person vfnose name is sabsoribed to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged to me that she executed the sane for the purposes and consider.tion therein expressed. Given under m hand and seal of offioe, this 17th day of October A.11„ 1928. (s i ) . :Berry 'ilendtland, Ilot :ry aublic Lavaca County,Tex The above is a true copy of the original instrument which was filed for record on the 18th &ay of October A.D at 2:30 o'clock p.m. and duly recorded on the 22nd any of Oct. A.D. 1928 at 12 o'clook is to which I oertity A. S. WeSwain, 0, B. C. d am ` Deputy TheState of Texasb County of Brazos Know all 1 en by these preaert8: Th t 1, Edward V. Krd1ieka, joined here- in by ray wife, Birdie Beatrice hrdlio:ca of the County of B:azos State of Texas for and in consideration of the sum of Two Flundred and Fifty (y250.O0) Do tars, to us paid, and secured to bepaid, by Fletcher A. Whitmore as follows: Ten (40.00) dollars to us cash in hand paid by the said Fletcher A. Whitmore, the reach of which is hereby acknow1edeeed and confessed, and Two hundred anti Forty (;x:40.00) yo- lava, evidenced by one Venuor's ,Tien Installment note of even date herewith, executed by the said Fletcher a. Vlhittnore , d; a on Larch is t, 1930, and. payable in 18 monthly installments, four of vttich is ten dollars per month And 14 of which are for Fifteen dollars per month, the last payment bathe for 16.23 Said note is payable to Eauara V. Iirdlioka, at Bryan, Texas, bear- ing night per gent per annum from data until paid, interest clue and payable as it accrues, and providing for ton per cent additional on the amount of principal and interest clue t.iereon as attorneys fees if placed in the hands of an attorney for collection or suit is brought on same and also proviaing that failure to pay said note or any installment when due shall, at the option of the polder mature said note, have Granted, sold anti conveyed, ant by these pre- sents do Grant, 13o11 and convey unto the said. Fletcher A. Whitmore of the County of Brazos State of Texas all that certain tract or parcel of land lying and belief.; situated in the CraTrfor4 Burnett League in Brazos County, Texas, and being a part of a 202 -3/4 acre tract of land conveyed to tae by mss. ?Francis Schwartz and husband, Charles 'J. Schwartz by :iced dated July 21st, 1419, and recorded. in Volume 49 page 11 of the aeed records of Brazos Co:inty, Texas, and being more particularly described by metes and bounds as follows, towit: BeCinning at the 2a::t corner of a One (1) acre tract oonveyed by us to Vi. T. Davis and Lary F,. Davis, by deed dated. July 7th, 19., and recorded in Volume 56, pace 562, of the deed records of Brazoa County, Texas, Thenoe, di. 444 E. along the Southeast line of said. 202 -3/4 acre tract and the center of the lade or public road a distance of 320 vales and set a stake for the beginning earner of this tract; Thence,• continuing in sane direction N. 441 E 75 varas and corn r in center of lane or public road a stake sot on said line; Thence, ii._ 45i W. Z25-8/10 varas end set a stake for earner; Thence, 3. 44;9 W. 75 varas and corner; Thence, 5. 45i E aeaa 8/10 wares to the place of beginning, oontainine Three (3) acres of lanai, To have and to hold the above desoribed premises, toj ethor with all and singular, the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said Fletcher 1.. '.Yhitcaore his rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said Fletcher A. Whitmore his heirs and assigns forever; and we do hereby bind ourselves and our heirs, executors and administrators, to Warrant and Forever Defend all and singular the said promises unto the said Fletcher A. Whitmore his heirs and assigns, against every person whomsoever lawfully claiming, or to claim the same, or any part thereof. nut it is expressly agreed and stipulated. that the Vendor's Lion is retained against the above described property,. premises and improvements, until the above described note and all interest thereon are fully paid acoording to its face and tenor, effect and reading, when this deed shall become absolute. Witness our hands at Bryan, Texas, this let, da of September, A.D. 1928s Edward Y. Hrdlioka Birdie Beatrice Hrdlioka The State of Texas( County of Brazos 1 on this day personally appeared Edward V. HrdliO3a and Birdie Beatrice Hrdlioka, his wife, both known to me to be the persons whose Mamas are subscribed to the foregoing instrument and aakrnow- ledged to me that they each executed the same for the purposes and consideration therein express- ed and the said Birdie Beatrice Hrdlioka wife of the said Edward V. Hrdlioka having been exam- ined by no privily and apart from her husband, and having the sans fully explained to her, she, the said Birdie Beatrice Hrdlioka acknowledged such instrument to be her aot and deed, and she declared that she had willingly signed the same for the purposes and consideration therein ex- pressed, and that she did not wish to retraot it. Given under my hand and seal of office this 1st lay of September, A.D. 1928 Lamar Bethea, Notarx lubl,ic in and for Brazos County, (3BAL) Texas. The above is a true dopy of the original instrument which was filed for r -oord on the lath day of Oct. A.D. 1928 at 2 o'olook p.m. and duly reoortied on the 22nd day of Oot. A.D. 1928 at 1 :30 o'clock p.m, to which I certify The State of Texas, County of Brazos Before me, Lamar Bothell, a notary public in and for Brazos County, Texas • A. 3. L:o8wain, C. C. C. B. 0. --" Deputy f • $ Know all crn by these pre aentat That I, E. i. Crenshaw, of the County of Brazos, State of Texas, for and in consideration of the sum of Twenty -Four Hundred and 2ao /10( (42400.00) Dollars to uno paid and secured to be paid, by Joe Cangelosi, as follows: 4300.00 cash, the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged; And the execution and delivery to E. W. Crenshaw by the said Joe Crngelosi of two (2) certain Vendor's lien notes, of even date herewith each for the sum of ."'300.00, payable on or before one year and two yearn from date respectively; said notes bearing interest from u; to at the rate of eight (0) per cent; providing for a ten per cent collection fee if an attorney is employed to collect said notes and further providing that past due interest bears eijet per cent interest and for the usual maturity pleases. And the remainder of the consideration being the assumption by the said Joe Ca:geloei of one deed of trust note for the sum of 4500.00, dated October 1, 1928, executed by E. W. Crenshaw, 1 deed of trust note for the sum of 4500.00, dated Ootober 1, 1928, executed by E. W. Crenshaw, and payable on or before three years after date, to T. E. Bullock, Guardian of Commodore E. Bullock or order. Said note bears interest from slate until maturity at the rate of ei;;ht per cent ier annum, the interest p .yable annuPi ly as it accrues, both principal and interest payablO at Bryan, Texan. The maker of said note agrees to take insurance for at least ;1500.00 in some reliable company on the building located on th9 hereinafter described property with loss if any pay..blo to the holder of said note as his interest appears. Said note further providing for the usual attorney's Yee and maturity clauses; have Granted, sold and oonveye d, and by these presents do Grant, sell and convey, unto the said doe Caneelosi of the County of Brazos State of Texas, all that certain lot or paroel of land lying and being situa tad in the City of Bryan, Brazos County, Texan, and being a part oi~ Block Ito. One Hundred and Fourteen (U4) in said. City! 3 of Bryan and mors particularly desoribed as fallow a, towit The foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original instrument filed for record on the 13th day of January, A. D., 1955 at 9:45 o'clock a. m. and duly recorded on the 17th day of January, A. D., 1955 at 11 :45 o'clock a. m. to which I certify. A. B. Syptak, C. C. C. B. C. l- , Deputy � / Jc y ) 2I c e q .c �.� (wf GUS McBRIDE, Plaintiff VS. RACHAEL JENKINS McBRIDE, Defendant No. 16131 -A IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS 85th JUDICIAL DISTRICT This the 13th day of January, 1955, came on to be heard the above entitled and numb( ed cause, wherein GUS McBRIDE is plaintiff and RACHAEL JENKINS McBRIDE is defendant, and plaintiff appeared in person or by attorney and defendant, legally cited to answer herein duly accepted service, failed to appear and answer in her behalf; whereupon, a jury being waived and, the court having examined the plaintiff's petition for divorce and having determined that the same is in due form and contains all of the allegations and informa- tion required by law, and having heard the pleadings and the evidence, and being of the opinion that the material allegations of such petition are supported by the evidence and are true and that all prerequisites of the law have been complied with and that plaintifi is entitled to the following judgment: It is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed by the court that the bonds of matri- mony heretofore existing between the plaintiff Gus McBride, and the defendant, Rachael Jenkins McBride, are hereby dissolved, and the plaintiff is granted a divorce from the defendant. It further appearing to the court that plaintiff and defendant own as community pro- perty the following described real estate, to wit: Dwelling and plot 100 x 150 feet in the Crawford Burnett survey in Brazos County, Texas, described as follows: Beginning at a stake set on the Southwest line of Eleanor Street, which stake is thf North corner of a tract of land belonging to the A & M Consolidated Public School for negroes; Thence N. 45 W. with the Southwest line of said Eleanor Street, 100 feet and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 W. 150 feet and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 E. 100 feet and corner on the Northwest line of the school tract above mentioned; Thence N. 45 E with said line, 150 feet to the place of beginning. The same, of the value of $2,000.00, was acquired by them after marriage with their com- mon funds and was not acquired by either of them by means of separate estate, gift, devi: or descent, and the court being of the opinion that having due regard to the rights of each party a division of the said property in the following described manner will be just right, and equitable, it is therefore ordered, adjudged, and decreed that the property above described be partitioned, as follows: plaintiff, GUS McBRIDE, shall take the following described property as his separate pro- perty and that all the right, title, and interest heretofore owned by the said defendant in and to the same shall be divested and that legal title in the same shall be invested in the said plaintiff Gus McBride: A plot 50 x 150 feet in the Crawford Burnett survey in Brazos County, Texas, described as follows: - Beginning at a stake set on the Southwest line of Eleanor Street, which stake is the North corner of a plot of land belonging to Rachael Jenkins McBride; Thence N. 45 W. with the Southwest line of said Eleanor Street, 50 feet and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 W. 150 and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 E. 50 feet and corner on the Northwest line of the plot belonging to Rachael Jenkins McBride; Thence N. 45 E. with said line, 150 feet to the place of beginning. And that defendant, RACHAEL JENKINS McBRIDE, shall take the following described property 2 her separate property and that all the right, title, and interest heretofore owned by the said plaintiff in and to the same shall be divested and that the legal title in the same shall be invested in the said defendant Rachael Jenkins McBride: A dwelling and plot 50 x 150 feet in the Crawford Burnett survey in Brazos County, Texas, described as follows: Beginning at a stake set on the Southwest line of Eleanor Street, which stake is the Beginning at a stake set on the Southwest line of Eleanor Street, which stake is the North corner of a tract of land belonging to the A & M Consolidated Public School for ne- groes; Thence N. 45 W. with the Southwest line of said Eleanor Street, 50 feet and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 W. 150 feet and corner a stake for corner; Thence S. 45 E. 50 feet and corner on the Northwest line of the school tract above mentioned; Thence N. 45 E. with said line, 150 feet to the place of beginning. /s/ W. T. McDonald JUDGE OF THE DISTRICT COURT OF BRAZOS COUNTY, TEXAS THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS f I, F. T. Cole, Clerk of the District Court of Brazos County, Texas, do hereby certify that the above and foregoing is a true and correct copy of Judgment in above divorce case as recorded in my office in said Court. WITNESS MY HAND AND THE SEAL OF SAID COURT, at office in Bryan, Texas, this the 13th day of January, A. D. 1955. F. T. Cole, Clerk of the District Court of Brazos County, T e x a s (SEAL) By: Irene Marucci, Deputy The above and foregoing is a true and correct copy of the original instrument filed for record on the 13th day of January, A. D., 1955 at 10:30 o'clock a. m. and duly recorded on the 17th day of January, A. D., 1955 at 1:30 o'clock p. m. to which I certify. A. B. Syptak, C. C. C. B. C. (i t- /t) -i ri)' ,. ..��r 7 Deputy tw Desegregation in Brazos County, Texas, 1946 -1971 Written by Scott Ogden Hill 37 Mr. and Mrs. J.R. Delley, interview with author, College Station, Tx., September 11,1997. The A &M Consolidated school was created primarily to serve the children of Texas A &M College faculty. It first appeared in the State Superintendent of Public Instruction's biennial report for the 1920 -1921 school year. Prior to 1940, the college provided a school building for white children on the campus of Texas A &M which served the dual purpose of educating students and future instructors in the college's teacher education program. During this same time, black elementary students in College Station attended school in one of three small schools in the area taught by one of five teachers. Two of these schools were held in local churches. Washington Chapel maintained a two - teacher school while St. Matthew's Church had a single teacher school. The third school operated in the Wellborn Community and had two teachers on staff. Students of high school age traveled to Bryan to attend the Kemp High Schoo1. Construction of new off- campus facilities for white students of the A&M Consolidated School District began in 1939 and finished in March 1940. The new white school plant consisted of four elementary school units with a total of fourteen classrooms, a high school building consisting of eight classrooms and auxiliary buildings, and an industrial arts and music building. The school moved off the campus of Texas A &M for the 1940 -41 academic year. Another bond issue, approved in March 1941, included the construction of a `Negro' high school. The district awarded a $12,000 contract for a six - classroom school building in August 1941 which was completed a month later. For the first time, all black schools in College Station were consolidated. This move marked the 15 beginning of the Lincoln campus. In its first year of operation, 1941 -1942, 242 students of all grades attended and six students graduated. Rural public education relied on a system of common school districts located throughout the county. Prior to 1947, there were as many as 30 districts on the books in Brazos County. Some of these districts contained only white schools, some only black schools, while others had both. All of the common school districts in the rural areas of the county eventually incorporated into the Bryan or A &M Consolidated Independent School District. Bryan had the largest percentage of black students, as well as other minorities, and thus operated the greatest number of segregated schools in the county, including schools for white, black, and Hispanic children. Beginning with Bryan, black citizens began to formally petition for integration in 1955. College Station schools took until 1966 to fully integrate their scholastic population of just over 300 black students. No common school districts ever integrated. A steady trickle of rural Brazos County families migrating to the city drained the scholastic population and tax base of rural common school districts. The end of 1968 found all rural students incorporated into the independent school district of either Bryan or A &M Consolidated. It was not until 1971 that Bryan's more than 2,300 black students fully integrated -- seventeen years after the 38 Battalion, August 9, 1945. 39 State Department of Education, Thirtv -fifth Biennial Reports: State Department of Education 1946 -47. 1947 -48 (Austin, Tx.);Texas Education Agency, Thirty -Sixth Biennial Rep ort 1948 -49. 1949 -50 through Thirty Seventh Biennial Report 1950- 513951 -52 (Austin, Tx.); Texas Education Agency, Annual Statistical Report 1952 -53 through Annual Statistical Report 1967 -68 (Austin,Tx). 29 supplemented state funds for the district through the issuance of school bonds. Initially, the district relied on the city to assess and collect school taxes. An election in May 1948 put that responsibility squarely on the district. To this end, A &M Consolidated operated its own tax office. Black education in the A &M Consolidated school district differed little than elsewhere in the county in the inequality of education afforded black students. William David Bunting was superintendent of A &M Consolidated schools in 1946 and E. M. Cunningham served as the principle of the black school, a six classroom building. Though the school served all grade levels, it was often referred to as the "Negro high school." In addition to the main campus of the black school, the district also operated a two teacher black school in Wellborn. It was reported in 1945 that "Colored" education in the A &M Consolidated district furnished a "practical education" featuring "vocational agriculture and home economics. " At the regular school board meeting in June 1946, the four - year -old black school in College Station school received a name. In a single successful motion, the board required that the assistant principal of the black school drive a bus, that all black teachers be asked to live in College Station where possible, that the name of the black school be changed to Lincoln Public School, and that husband and wife be prohibited from working 41 Ibid. 30 in the same schoo1. Prior to this time, the school was most often referred to as the A&M Colored School. The June school board meeting was the last for Superintendent Bunting. He resigned to run for the office of County Superintendent. A. M. Whitis replaced Bunting as superintendent. Whitis came to College Station in July of 1946 but did not officially replace Bunting until September. Though the minutes did not indicate why, Lincoln school principal Cunningham made the somewhat unusual request for a leave of absence for the 1946 -1947 school year. The principal's request was presented to the board at the regular meeting in August where it was denied. In the same meeting, the board elected W. A. Tarrow as the new principal. Tarrow earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees at Prairie View A&M. He taught public school in Delhi, Louisiana and his native Madison County before coming to College Station. Though all white Wellborn school children were brought in to College Station for school, black elementary children were educated at the school in Wellborn. After 42 A &M Consolidated Board of Education Minutes, A&M Consolidated Independent School District, Regular meeting minutes, June 13, 1946, College Station Independent School District Administration Building, College Station, Tx.; Regular, special, and called business meeting minutes, January 1946 - September 1966, hereafter referred to as "Consolidated Minutes." 43 Delley interview. 44 Consolidated Minutes, Regular session, February 14, 1946; Bryan Daily Eaale, May 25, 1949. 45 Bryan - College Station Eagle, February 5, 1983. 31 reaching high school age, these children were bused into College Station to attend Lincoln." Little is recorded about the physical conditions in the black Wellborn school. The Wellborn community was one of the original communities incorporated to form the A&M Consolidated school district. In an attempt to alleviate a crowding problem at the Lincoln campus, Whitis recommended moving one of two teachers serving the Wellborn school to College Station. He reasoned that since only 24 pupils were taught in Wellborn, the teacher could better serve the district at the Lincoln School. Seven months later in June 1947, the board authorized Trustee Allen and Superintendent Whitis to contact Minter Springs, a small black community south of Wellborn near the Brazos River, to see if a building "can be bought, moved and equipped for a colored school at Wellborn ". The common school, which served Minter Springs, had closed some time before and joined with A&M Consolidated. Apparently, the Wellborn school was operating out of a building not owned by the district. The following month, the board authorized Whitis to work out a contract with Joseph Wilson to "put up a Negro School at Wellborn as soon as possible.i It is unclear why this action was taken rather than having the Wellborn students brought into College Station to attend Lincoln. Most likely, it was due to a lack of transportation for the black school children in the area. Some question exists as to just how long the Wellborn school was 46 Battalion, August 9, 1945. 47 Consolidated Minutes, Regular session, November 9, 1946. 48 Ibid., June 12, 1947 49 Ibid., July 31, 1947 32 operational. The school board minutes make no mention of the exact date of the school's closure. The school was operated until the mid- 1950s. The average daily attendance in the district for the 1947 -1948 school year was 541 white students and 277 black students, overcrowding the district's existing facilities. Bonds were issued in November of that year for construction of a new white high school and additions to the Lincoln school. Final specifications included what was referred to as a new `high school' for Lincoln. This structure was built in 1949 and consisted of a separate building with four additional classrooms and a small office for the principal. At the regular board meeting in June, the trustees decided to create a white junior high school for the 1949 -1950 school year. No similar action to serve the black students of junior high age was taken. After the construction of the classrooms at Lincoln, little mention was made by the board concerning the school during the 1948 -1949 school year except for the purchase of a new septic tank and the discontinuation of the vocational agricultural program in favor of shop." Superintendent Whitis resigned in May 1949 to accept a position as superintendent of schools at Hamilton. The board appointed L. S. (Les) Richardson to succeed Whitis effective July 1, 1949. A graduate of Texas A&M's class of 1943, where he was very active in sports, his education was interrupted by service in the Navy. Upon his return, he completed his bachelor's degree in Industrial Education and completed a 50 Delley interview. 51 Consolidated Minutes, Called sessions, April 4, 1949 and April 25, 1949. 52 Bryan Daily Eagle, May 25, 1949. 33 Master of Education degree. Prior to his appointment as superintendent, Richardson worked at A &M Consolidated, serving the last two years as principal. In the fall of 1949 a meeting scheduled among board of education trustees Moseley, and Godbey, superintendent Richardson, and interested patrons of the black school in Wellborn to determine whether or not these students should be moved to the Lincoln school. Most likely, this move was considered because of more space at the Lincoln campus due to the completion of the new high school and possibly because of the emphasis placed on consolidation by the recently passed Gilmer -Aikin laws. In an apparent attempt to ease the concerns of these parents, Trustee Godbey was directed by the Board to check with the city and the college to see "whether or not the fire trucks would service the Lincoln school in case of fire. " Parents were apparently concerned that College Station's volunteer fire department would not respond to the school. As was the case in Bryan, construction accelerated after the 1949 most likely in response to the burst of educational reforms spurred by the passage of the Gilmer -Aikin laws. The district added a tennis court to the grounds at Lincoln in 1950. Usually, however, funds allocated for the Lincoln school represented a disproportionate fraction of the funds spent on the white facilities. The board approved a motion to sell $111,000 in schoolhouse bonds to build four or five classrooms and a cafeteria at the all -white campus and only a shop - science building at Lincoln. A major building effort began in 53 Ibid. June 1, 1949. 54 Consolidated Minutes, Regular session, November 12, 1949. 55 Consolidated Minutes, Regular session, January 5, 1953. 56 Bryan Daily Eagle, January 21, 1953. 57 Consolidated Minutes, Regular and special sessions, January 1953 to May 1953; Bryan Daily Eagle, May 3, 1953. 58 Consolidated Minutes, February 25, 1952. 34 December 1952 when the Board voted to accept a bond issue of $650,000 for yet another new white high school. It was not until the following month and "some discussion... that a gymnasium for the Lincoln School be included" with other alternate plans which had been outlined at an earlier meeting. The bond issue failed by a margin of 463 to 325. Though not opposed to a bond issue, voters felt the district did not need to construct both a new high school and an elementary school simultaneously. The board quickly regrouped and by February 1953 scaled back the bond issue to $350,000 for a new white high school and a building for the Lincoln campus referred to at various times as an all purpose room or a physical education building. This bond election passed on May 2 by a margin of 395 to 231. Procedural details carried out in the white schools were ignored by the administration with regard to the Lincoln school. In 1951, the board did not formally approve a request for the reelection of the Lincoln staff as it did for the other schools. This procedural formality went unnoticed. Lincoln lacked basic materials available to the other schools in the district. Other minor details were overlooked which were perhaps more psychological in significance than practical. All principals had their requests for reelection of teachers typed on letterhead except for the Lincoln school principal, whose request was made longhand on a plain piece of paper.S8 35 Lincoln Students did not have the same resources available to them as those in the white schools of the district. Prior to 1954, all materials used on the Lincoln Campus were hand -me -downs from the white schools. Books and sports equipment came from those discarded by the white schools. If equipment could not be found among that provided by the white schools, Lincoln coaches turned to A &M College for help. The college supplied Lincoln Public School with sporting equipment from time to time including shoes, helmets, and shoulder pads. On more than one occasion, A &M College donated equipment for smaller players to Lincoln students who otherwise would have had none. The Lincoln library provided a compelling example of how woefully inadequate the facilities of the school were. The library was inspected in 1953 by the Texas Education Agency ('1'EA). The report noted the library had only been in existence for two years at the time of its inspection in mid -1953. The library was part of the seventh grade classroom and was served by a teacher - librarian. There were only 816 books in 1952. The report noted the library was deficient due to a lack of an adequate number of volumes, no card catalogue, no tools available for selecting books, and lack of inexpensive materials such as pamphlets and free teaching aids. The report also indicated attitudes held concerning the level of education among College Station blacks, when it made the poorly worded statement "According to a recent survey, there are only four HS graduates among the Negroes in College Station other than teachers. These adults and 59 Delley interview. their children tend to have little interest in reading... X 60 Also acknowledged in this 36 report was the fact that though both Texas A &M College and Bryan had libraries open to the public "in the case of other Negro adults and of children neither the college library nor the Bryan Carnegie can meet their needs for a good, convenient library service, and they must look to the Lincoln School Library to do so." 61 In short, no public library existed for blacks and it was illegal for African- Americans to use the white facilities in 1952. The faculty of the A&M Consolidated schools came together in 1953 to create a philosophy for the district. The result of this gathering was a one page document submitted to the school board on May 7, 1953 titled "Philosophy of A&M Consolidated Schools." This treatise began with the sentence, "The concept of the equality of all men is deeply rooted in our democratic way of life." The document goes on to say that the community "should and ought to expect from its school the best program of school activities it is capable of procuring with the resources which are available to the school." Obviously, the school board did not interpret this document in such a way as to include the black schools in the district. Not surprisingly, no evidence exists to indicate that the faculty at the Lincoln school participated in the development of this document. White citizens operating in a society shaped to their advantage by "Jim Crow" laws which 60 " R ep ort on Lincoln Library," July 1953, attachment to Consolidated Minutes. 61 Ibid. 62 Bruce Glasrud, Race, Law, and American History 17Q0 -1990 -- The Age of Jim Crow. Segregation from the End of Reconstruction to the Great Depression, ed. Paul Finkelman, 11vol., (New York: Garland Publishing Company, 1992), 190. 63 "Philosophy of the A &M Consolidated Schools," May 7, 1953, attachment to Consolidated Minutes. Brazos County Common School Districts Perhaps the most significant change in Brazos County during the period from 37 enforced segregation saw no contradiction between the district's new philosophy and the conditions which existed at the black schools. The first mention of desegregation appeared in the school board minutes two months after the Supreme Court ruling in Brown v Board of Education of Topeka Kansas. In a letter to the Board dated July 2, 1954, Superintendent Richardson referred to correspondence he received from the Texas Education Agency (TEA) which described "the proceedings of the Supreme Court case involving abolishment of segregation.i The TEA letter was not included as a supporting document in the minutes, but it was most likely the same letter received by other Superintendents in the state. This brief mention of segregation was the only reference made as a matter of public record in 1954. Whether any superintendent or any board members had any idea how the Brown v Board of Education decision would impact Consolidated, one can only guess. The Supreme Court had not yet ruled on how the decision would be implemented. Most likely, the majority of board members may have correctly guessed that integration would not be an issue they dealt with during their tenure. The abolition of the dual system of education was not a consideration as 1954 drew to a close. 64 Consolidated Minutes, Regular and special .,; ,_tF,,'0, , ;., August 1953 to September 1954. 65 Consolidated Minutes, January 1954 to December 1954. 59 to create a new black high school and convert the old one to a junior high school for black students. In October 1960, a group called the Citizen's Fellowship of Bryan- College Station announced its presence known to the rest of the community. In an open letter to the Bryan City Commission, the Bryan Board of Education, and the Bryan Daily Eagle, the organization wrote a two -page response to an article printed in the Eagle a month before concerning district plans for construction of the new black school. A biracial committee consisting of A &M Professor Frederick A. Kasten and his wife, Mr. Samuel Pierce, local black minister L.W. Flowers, and J. J. Rimshaw, a Jesuit Catholic priest drafted the letter. It questioned whether construction of more black schools was in the best interest of the district calling it "whistling in the dark" to "go on blissfully promoting segregated school construction, when all indications are that we should be beginning integration in some form. " The Citizen's Fellowship pointed out that both Houston and Austin had already integrated and Bryan could ill afford to ignore the law of the land. The group looked upon the practice of segregation as an outrage against Christian conscience and brotherhood. In closing, the Citizen's Fellowship volunteered their services towards better community relations based on democratic law. The Citizens Fellowship Committee was a loosely organized group of people in the Bryan/College Station area. Between 20 and 50 people attended the group's meetings and about 70 people were on their mailing list. It was an interracial group with 29 Ibid., March 21,1961; Bryan Daily Eagle, October 2, 1960. 3° Bryan Daily Eagle, October 2, 1960. 31 Texas Observer, November 4 1960. 32 Ibid. 33 Ibid., October 9, 1960. 34 Bryan Daily EaRie, October 11, 1960. 60 a three to one composition of black to white. The group's stated purpose was "to be an interracial group attempting to encourage within our community the brotherhood of man under God, through discussion, fellowship, and study. " In addition to school integration, the group was involved in other issues. It was instrumental in pointing out other inequities endured by the black community, such as the gross lack of fire hydrants in the black sections of College Station. The committee was also the catalyst behind getting mail delivered to 60 families in the black part of town. Prior to this time, the families in this area had been forced to go the post office and rent a mailbox or accept their mail under general delivery. Though the school board remained conspicuously silent, the publication of the Citizen's Fellowship letter drew a flurry of response from the community. A group of ten citizens responded with a `praise letter' commending Citizen Fellowship writers for "a statement at once forceful, eloquent, and tactful and for their courage, their humanity, and their patriotism. " Not all comments were supportive. Mrs. Mills P. Walker responded by reminding readers that there was no federal law for or against integration, but simply a provision for equal rights for all. Claiming to know many of the `colored people' including educators, Walker spoke on behalf of the black teachers saying they were more ably suited to function as educational "custodians of their own race.i She concluded by asking the rhetorical question "Has the Supreme Court somehow made it 61 wrong to build better buildings and install better equipment for Negro children, just as we do for white students ?" 35 The Citizen's Fellowship sent another two -page letter accompanied by 49 signatures to the Bryan city commissioners in November responding to Walker's letter. The group hoped to get the city commissioners to pressure the school board into action on integration. Fellowship members pointed out that the September 1, 1955 petition of J. L. Thomas and others submitted to Carmichael had never been acted upon. Carmichael's response was a reply that he would make the petition known to the board of trustees. The Citizen's Fellowship took issue with Walker's appeal to the `convenience and satisfaction' of Bryan's black schoolteachers as a basis for denying black children integrated schools. The letter explained that though it was true the Supreme Court did not make laws, they did determine a law's constitutionality. Though sincere, the letter suffered from at least one inaccuracy when it stated that the Supreme Court ruled `separate but equal' violated the Thirteenth Amendment. After eloquently quoting from the Declaration of Independence, the Citizen's Fellowship asked the commissioners to answer the question, "Will the school population be integrated on the basis of race ? " The Bryan Board of Trustees was remarkably quiet for the remainder of the year, at least in public. School board minutes made no mention of integration. Administrators had developed a pattern of avoidance each time the issue of integration heated up. 35 Ibid. 36 The Citizen's Fellowship of Bryan and College Station to the Bryan City Commissioners, letter dated November 25, 1960, attachment to Bryan Minutes. 37 Bryan Minutes, Regular session, March 21, 1961. 38 Ibid. 62 However, black citizens kept the issue before the board. Three men, listed only as Rose, Toliver, and Thomas, appeared before the board at the March 21, 1961 regular business meeting requesting the integration of Bryan public schools. It is unclear exactly who 'Toliver' was, but `Rose' most likely referred to Norman C. Rose of the Citizen's Fellowship of Bryan and College Station. There is little doubt that `Thomas' referred to J. `Lev' Thomas, also a member of the Citizen's Fellowship and an original signatory of the 1955 petition calling for the integration of Bryan schools. Rose acted as spokesperson for the group leaving two questions for the board's consideration: "1. What are the plans to integrate the Bryan Schools? 2. When do we plan to integrate the Bryan Schools ?i Predictably, a motion was made that the request of Rose and the others be taken under advisement and that the superintendent be instructed to make a study of integration as it applied to other Texas schools. Carmichael was to present the report to the Board at some future date. Moreover, because of the pressures of immediate business, it would be a minimum of six weeks before the superintendent could even begin to report on the problem. There was a brief report given on the proposed study of integration in other schools in April but no details were mentioned in the minutes. The following month, after 12 years of service, Superintendent Carmichael submitted his resignation, effective August 1, 1961. During his tenure, Carmichael had completed his doctor of philosophy degree and, as a result, had accepted a position on the faculty at Sam Houston State 74 had the tools it needed to address the integration issue. After discussing Wilson's recommendations the board concluded, "This information along with last month's communication from the Texas Education Agency seems to give us a framework with which to work in arranging our own local plans.i This was a turning point for the A&M Consolidated school board. Any serious consideration of integration up to this point, if indeed there ever had been, evaporated. Rather than take a leadership role on the issue of integration, the district chose to fall in line with the state sanctioned strategy of forcing the issue of segregation back into the courts. L. S. Richardson submitted his resignation to accept a post in Cuero, recommending Wilford Taylor Riedel as his successor at the March 1957 board meeting. The board accepted Richardson's recommendation and Riedel became the new superintendent of A &M Consolidated on July 1, 1957. Riedel hailed from Mississippi, was a graduate of Texas A&M College and served as a B17 pilot in World War II. Prior to his appointment as superintendent, Riedel worked in the district for ten years, having last served as principal of A &M Consolidated Junior High School. His appointment as superintendent would be his first opportunity to deal with black schools as an administrator. After February 1957, the issue of integration and segregation was not discussed for some time. Discussions concerning the education of black students were limited to maintenance issues regarding the Lincoln School. No mention was made of the closing of 64 Ibid. 65 Bryan Daily Eagle, March 12, 1957. 75 the Wellborn school, though it most likely occurred during this time, as the board advised superintendent Riedel to see about renting out the building. In addition, the board asked Riedel to check into getting fireplugs installed near the Lincoln school in an effort to lower insurance costs to $100 a year for the campus. Little changed at the Lincoln school. W. A. Tarrow remained the lowest paid principal in the district. The school board met with the Lincoln P. T. A. but no minutes were recorded. The meeting resulted in $3000 being allocated for repairs. The board appointed a committee to "prepare a set of rules and regulations to guide the upgrading of the care of property and control of students at the Lincoln school," something which was not required of the white schools. In doing its work, the committee formulated some suggestions for upgrading the Lincoln school plant. These suggestions included periodic visits to the campus by the superintendent and attendance by board members of at least one faculty meeting annually. It seems unlikely that there were many interactions between the administration and the Lincoln school prior to this time. The first official mention of integration in nearly two years occurred in December 1958 when Winton G. Covey petitioned the district to call an election on the issue of whether to continue or to abolish the dual system of schools in the A &M Consolidated School District. The board noted that Covey was not on the tax roles. Riedel sent Covey a letter acknowledging receipt of his request and explained that the board was 66 Consolidated Minutes. March 1957 to June 1958. 67 Ibid., Regular session, June 16, 1958. 68 Ibid., December 15, 1958; Winton C. Covey to A &M Consolidated School Board, letter dated December 8, 1958, attachment to Consolidated Minutes. 76 "doing all in its power to operate an efficient school program that meets the needs of the students and conforms to the desires of the majority of its patrons." 69 Moreover, speaking for the board, Riedel asked for Covey's cooperation with efforts made by the board "to continue a program under the harmonious conditions, which they feel now, exist. " J.R. Jackson, elected president of the board in April 1959, put forth a resolution in September which detailed in no uncertain terms the long -range plans for the district. The resolution stated that the Lincoln school would be maintained as a twelve grade school. The district planned a new high school for white students and plans would be developed for a new white elementary school. The Lincoln school was to undergo an extensive study by a qualified contractor to "determine the best approach to solving this problem," though it is unclear what problem they were trying to solve. A report made of the needs of each facility in the district yielded insight on the condition of the Lincoln school relative to the white schools in the district. The needs of the Lincoln school were by far the most basic, including such things as window screens and water coolers. Clearly, the board had no long- range' plans regarding integration of the A &M Consolidated School District. The board did not wish to make the unpopular decision to integrate, y. ,&L.:Lig instead to let the courts make it for them. Board members did briefly considered a plan 69 W.T. Riedel to Winton C. Covey, letter dated February 10, 1959, attachment to Consolidated Minutes. 70 Ibid. 71 Consolidated Minutes, Regular session, September 14, 1959. that involved transferring black high school students to an undisclosed central high school in Brazos County but discarded that idea after meeting with parents and patrons of Linco1n. The board recognized that making a serious attempt to equalize the facilities at the Lincoln campus would likely prolong the district's dual system of education, and improvements to the Lincoln school continued. The passage of a bond issue at the end of 1959 meant that more funds were to be available for the Lincoln. As of May 1960, there were construction and renovations underway, yet the faculty and the principal continued to be the lowest paid in the district. A motion was passed at the August 1960 board meeting to have the superintendent inspect the school with an eye towards increasing allocations for various items in the coming year. Though improvements were made, Lincoln was not yet the equal to other schools in the district. Not since the end of 1958 had the A &M Consolidated administration addressed the issue of integration at one of its meetings. The board recorded no challenge to Jackson's 1959 resolution regarding the district's intention to maintain Lincoln as a separate black twelve grade school. As in Bryan, a series of events occurred which brought the question of integration to the fore once again. The Citizens Fellowship Committee made its presence known to the A &M Consolidated school board in October 1960. In a letter to the board, the committee addressed recent remarks made by the president of the school board at a meeting which discussed a pending bond issue. School board president Jackson was taken to task for making assurances to citizens that there 72 Ibid., October 26, 1959. 77 78 was no desire among the blacks of the community to have their children attend an integrated school. The letter stated, "We do not know which Negroes the school board consulted, but these must not have represented all those concerned.i The committee informed the board that many black parents in College Station felt their children were receiving an inadequate and inferior education. Moreover, it was apparent to anyone who visited the Lincoln facilities that they were far from equal to schools used by the white children of College Station. Just as it had done in its Bryan letter, the Fellowship Committee went on to elaborate on the themes such as the illegality of maintaining a dual system of education. Because editor Willie Morris of the Texas Observer was in attendance, a fairly detailed account of the school board meeting exists. There were approximately 60 or 70 people in attendance at the regular school board meeting on October 23, 1960, where the Citizens Fellowship Committee letter was presented to the board. The night was hot and sticky. The meeting took place in the library, which was too small to accommodate all those present, so windows were opened to let in air. Board president Dick Hervey commented that it was the largest delegation he had seen since serving on the board. When Hervey asked the committee's spokesperson to come forward, Frederick Kasten stood up. Kasten, an assistant professor of biology at the time, read the letter from the Citizen's Fellowship Committee in its entirety, passed the letter to the board, and stated 73 Citizens Fellowship Committee to the A&M Consolidated Board of Trustees. letter dated October 23, 1960, attachment to Consolidated Minutes. 74 Ibid. 75 Texas Observer, November 4, 1960. 124 educating seemed to reflect the sentiments of the majority of the com in 1971. Bryan was ready to put the issue of integration behind and move on to the enormous challenge of making the new system work. A &M Consolidated Independent School District The desegregation process for the A &M Consolidated School District followed much the same process as it had in Bryan. By court order, all the 12 grades in the A&M Consolidated School District were thrown open to integration in 1965 under the freedom of choice plan. Only 13 students enrolled in the first and second grades at the Lincoln school for the start of the 1965 -1966 school year. As a result, the A&M Consolidated school board met in August 1965 and decided to close those grades and integrate the students. First and second grade teachers who wanted to stay with the district were placed in other capacities at A&M Consolidated, some on only a part-time basis. When asked if Lincoln would be shut down entirely because of desegregation, school board trustee G. B. Hensarling commented that the board wanted to keep the school open in case some black students wanted to return. The process of integration in the A &M Consolidated School District was radically altered in a single night. On Thursday, January 20, 1966 at approximately 7:49 in the evening, a fire broke out on the Lincoln campus. Teacher Mildred Caldwell was conducting an adult education class when a child who was waiting outside for his parents 73 Bryan Daily Eagle, August 31, 1965. 74 Bryan Daily Eagle, January 21,1966. 75 Apual Statistical Report 1965 -66, Part I, 3. 76 Ibid., 10. 125 alerted her class to the danger. Before the flames were extinguished, 10 classrooms, the principal's office, a teacher's lounge, and the high school library were destroyed. All student records were lost in the fire. The burned classrooms contained grades six through twelve. Though over 22 volunteer firefighters from College Station and five from Bryan responded, only two classrooms were able to be saved. Damage to the facility was estimated to be about $65,000. An insurance claim for $57,000 was paid the day following the fire. Lincoln students were given Friday off while firefighters and other workers picked through the debris and the school board and administration decided how to educate the displaced students. Average daily attendance figures reported to the state indicated there were 316 black students in attendance at the A &M Consolidated school district during this time. Superintendent Riedel reported only 138 students attended Lincoln at the time it burned. The two classrooms that remained at Lincoln were to be used for 38 children. The remaining 100 students were to be integrated into other campuses throughout the district. In a telling statement, Board member George Hensarling pointed out the burned buildings had reaching a state of condemnation and would have been unfit in two to three years .76 Regarding integration, Hensarling reported that the only reason that more of the Lincoln students were not in attendance at Consolidated was that there was a lack of space. As a group, the faculty was not pushing for integration at the time of the fire. 77 Delley interview. 78 Bryan Daily Eagle, January 21, 1966. 79 Delley interview. 80 Bryan Daily Eagle January 21,1966 126 There was a sense of fellowship and camaraderie that existed on the Lincoln campus that made it a special place to work. Though the materials and facilities at Lincoln were not equal to those in the white schools, the faculty was highly motivated by a sense of purpose and the knowledge that their work could and often did make a profound difference in the lives of the black children they taught. Teachers kept in touch with parents, often making home visits. The school, along with the church, formed the nucleus of the of the black community in College Station. 77 The exact cause of the fire was never determined. Some people, including Superintendent Riedel, suggested it may have been a faulty heater. Weather conditions on the night of the fire were in the mid 30's with sleet and drizzle, making it very likely that heaters were in use in that part of the Lincoln complex. Others were not so sure the blaze was unintentional. The Lincoln campus was used for the remainder of the year. In addition to the 2 unburned classrooms, the gymnasium, assembly room, the homemaking cottage, the cafeteria, the science lab, and the industrial arts shop were also unscathed. This was a difficult time for many Lincoln students and faculty. The suddenness of the Lincoln fire left teachers and students, both black and white, ill prepared for integration. At Lincoln, black students were surrounded with the trappings of their community as well as a supportive staff that at least understood things in the same social 127 context. Once integrated, these students were confronted with their minority status on a daily basis like never before. Moreover, the white faculty had no cultural training, practical or otherwise, to prepare them for the influx of black students. Society in general was still largely segregated at this time. No social arena existed which would have allowed the races to interact in such a way that would have prepared both blacks and whites for integration. The Lincoln faculty had not made great efforts, if any, to be integrated into other schools in the district largely because they had no illusions about what integration would be like for them. They did not expect to be welcomed at other schools in the district and they were not. The Lincoln campus was closed at the end of the 1965 -1966 school year, never to be used again as an elementary or secondary school campus. The closing of the Lincoln campus meant the loss of jobs to most of the Lincoln faculty. Former Lincoln teachers were not told one way or the other if there services would be needed at A&M Consolidated in the future. As a group, the teachers were promised nothing 82 A small number of teachers asked about their job and were placed in the district. However, at least some of these teachers were not given their own classroom, but asked to team teach with a white teacher. Salaries remained the same as they had been when these teachers had their own classrooms at Lincoln. Once former Lincoln teachers had demonstrated they could handle a class, usually after a year, they were given sole responsibility for a class of their own. The majority of the Lincoln faculty had not been 81 Ibid., Riedel interview. 82 Delley interview. 128 from the Bryan - College Station area. Most traveled to College Station from Houston, Dallas, Fort Worth to teach for the year. When nothing was offered these teachers, they found positions elsewhere, usually a little closer to home. The extension of freedom of choice to all grades, a result of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, had a more profound effect on A &M Consolidated schools than it did in Bryan. Integration diminished Lincoln's already small enrollment. The A &M Consolidated administration acknowledged the economic reality of maintaining dual schools, when it closed the first two grades at Lincoln. It is unclear how long Lincoln might have stayed open had it not burned, but it is doubtful the campus would have ever been integrated. The burning of Lincoln meant the A &M Consolidated administration did not have to face issues such as racial balance or bussing. The district did not have to address parents concerned about their children attending school in a predominately black neighborhood. Moreover, A &M Consolidated's dealings with the Justice Department over integration effectively ended. The district's biggest failure was in its treatment of at least some of the Lincoln faculty in its failure to make a greater effort to place them. For those who did remain, the placement of seasoned educators in a team teaching situation was at best, humiliation, at worst, racism. Brazos County Independent School District The newly formed Brazos County Independent School District began its second year of operation in the 1964 -1965 school year. Little changed other than the name and the new district operated the same two Kurten Consolidated schools. The all -white Bibliography BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Brazos County Courthouse. County Clerk Property Division. 2. Bryan Daily Eagle, The. Vol. 30: No. 172. January 21, 1966. 3. The Sanborn Map Company. 1965. 4. Texas Observer, The. Vol. 52: No. 31 (pg. 6 -7). November 1960. 5. Balliew, Deborah. College Station Texas 1938/1988. Intaglio Press: College Station, 1987. 6. Gooden, DeFarris. Lincoln Former Students Assoc. 7. Hill, Scott Ogden. Desegregation in Brazos County, Texas, 1946 -1971. Texas A &M University. December 1998. 8. Jasek, Debbie. (For Lillian Clark Robinson) Director of Lincoln Recreation Center. 9. Mack, Emanuel. A Proposed Plan for the Teaching of Industrial Arts in the Lincoln High School, College Station, TX. (Thesis) Prairie View A &M College. July 1958. INTERVIEWS 10. Bowden, Tommy. (979) 693 -6772 11. Clark, Robbie. (979) 696 -4340. 12. Daily, Faye. (979) 680 -9113 13. Grays, Clarence "Wayne ". (979) 272 -2115 14. Jones, Charlie M. (979) 693 -5426 15. Ngozi, Thabiti. (979) 574 -6952 (pending) 16. Williams, Eunice. (979) 696 -4637 (pending) The Community House — College Station Historic Marker Application Originally the Lincoln School kindergarten building • pa • ra pa 0 pa pa 0 0 r oth pa 0 • 0 • 0 pa pa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 pa 0 i 0 pa 0 COLLEGE STATION HISTORIC MARKER APPLICATION NAME, ADDRESS & PHONE NUMBER OF SUBMITTER: Iu! FLo2.E G,4 ( B. O SUBJECT MARKER Address of structure: 0 I U AL_ Vc ('tu ) £i'L s 1. THIS MARKER NOMINATION IS FOR A: A. /' STRUCTURE MARKER Structure is a Co A4 As Al - r - 4. H € i %usc,o If a home, was it formerly located on campus? M ov L s �{ oO W C ���EU� Owner's Name & Current Mailing Address & Phone Number: CoMMon./i r r HoL 1 P (LES T a .� P � eS ( A I .S Y X 4' o ( k �� � 4 6-- 8s To :iM oo � (c_iv t s This nomination is for: The title of this subject is: Is the proposed marker to be placed on public or private property? Address where marker will be placed: A-S 64-+4-- b /Building) 0 LA-- A4 A Al 'ref To N} i o I Al _ es (No) TX TI (Event/Topic/Person/Object) College Station Historical Marker Application Page 2 II. Describe the significance of this nomination with as much detail as possible: You may attach additional pages for your narrative, if needed. Be sure to attach supporting documentation to this form. See THE MARKER PROCESS for guidelines. Documentation Community House is located on 400 W. Holleman. It is located at the corner diagonally opposed to the Lincoln Center. Both facilities have been served the community for many decades. The structure itself is a wood frame house with a covered front porch. The style of the building is typical of houses constructed in the 30's, similar to the housing located behind the A &M Police Department that was razed in the 80's. The Community House is listed in the book, "College Station, Texas 1938/1988" by Deborah Lynn Balliew (Intaglio Press, College Station ISBN 0- 944091- 00 -8). On page 85, there are two pictures, one of W.A. Tarrow, teacher and principal of College Station schools, with Mrs. Brown's sixth grade. The other picture shows the Community House itself. Enclosed you will find a photocopy of the page. The book can be requested through the City of College Station, City Secretary's office. Part of the narrative of the page 85 is as follows: "Tarrow helped organize and served as president of Community House, a day care and social services organization begun with private donations and volunteers in 1953. He received the Lane Bryant [Community] Award for distinguished community service, presented at the Plaza Hotel in New York City in 1966." A search of the County Courthouse records for Community House yielded the following: Volume 115, page 461 - Sale of a number of tracts, including the land that the Community House is located on. Dated March 18, 1944. Volume 122, page 91 - Plat for the McCulloch subdivision. This plat identifies the lots on which the Community House is located, as well as the surrounding streets. Dated January 14th, 1946. Volume 197, page 89 - Warranty Deed without Lien for the property. Community House, Inc. was purchased from College Realty Company, Inc. (George McCulloch, president) for ten dollars. Dated September 16th, 1958, filed April29th, 1959. Volume 162, page 97 - Federal Tax Lien on property. There was a period in the Community House's history when this building was in financial trouble. The courthouse records list additional years of tax liens. However, Community House, Inc. has since paid off the liens. The officers of Community House, Inc. are as follows: Tommie Preston, Chairman Anne Whiting, Secretary Jed T Wells, Treasurer Clara Moore, Asst. Secretary Mrs. Charles Marie Peterson, Asst. Treasurer Apparently, when United Way tried to bring together the Boys and Girls Clubs of the region including Bryan, College Station, Navasota and other surrounding cities, the whole deal fell through. That eventually led to the house being unused and the IRS selling the property for a tax lien. That's where the five above mentioned citizens provided funds, out of their own pocket, to purchase the property - to save it. A check with Brazos CAD Real Property Information shows the property as being owned by Community House, Inc., Block 3, Lots 1, 2 and 5 of the McCulloch subdivision. It also lists the property as exempt, and more significantly, does not list the build date of the building. This is a recurring theme in the history of Community House - more on this later. Significance The greatest historical and social significance of Community House is the service it provided to the Community. It served as a day care / kindergarten, as a senior center, as a Girls Club, and as a church. The services have been provided at least as far back as 1953. Perhaps the most famous person involved with Community House was W.A. Tarrow. Mr. Tarrow was president of Community House in 1953. As you know, he was just honored with a plaque next to Lincoln Center. He was also awarded the lane Bryant [Community] Award in 1966. To supplement the limited documentation on the Community House, a number of local residents involved with the Community House and its activities have been interviewed about their experiences with the Community House. Below is a summary of the interviews. We wish to offer the same to aid the City's oral history programs, as well. Tommie Preston, RFD 5, 846 -8521 Mr. Tommie Preston, who used to work with Parks and Recreation, has been involved with Community House for a number of years. He mentioned some of the activities that were done at Community House: kindergarten in the 50's, the Girls Club. It also served as a meeting house, as he put it, for meetings for just about any group who needed it until Lincoln [Center] took over. Most recently, about 3 -4 years ago, he and four other local residents bought the house when it was sold by the IRS; they invested funds out of their own pocket. He currently serves as President of Community House, Inc. He is hopeful that someone in the community or the City itself will step forward and help recoup his expenses. He, too, states that the house was moved to its present site, and in the future would like to try to provide more documentation on the Community House, especially when someone else takes over. He also mentioned that the Community House still serves the community. Once a week, church services are held there. All that was asked of the parishioners is that they help pay the utilities, to help support the Community House. To the interviewer, this is a case of the community supporting the community. Dorcas Moore. 1118 Detroit, 821 -3488 Ms. Dorcas Moore is one of the people who has benefited from the Community House. She attended kindergarten there, in'69/ 70. She told me that her oldest brother Sterling attended in '59/'60, as well as her other siblings. When she was 7 years old, she went to the Girl's Club there. There was also a (futuristic) 4 -H club. Bob Slasher of United Way was mentioned as being involved in running the clubs. She always understood that the house had been moved to this site, and is checking with her mother to expand the knowledge of the Community House's history. Norma Miller, 504 Guernsey, 696 -4454 Mrs. Norma Miller moved to College Station in 1953. She remembers that the building served as a Girls Club, run by United Way. She also remembers donating crafts when it served as a senior center, to provide activities for the elderly. Mrs. Miller lives at 504 Guernsey, which has been awarded College Station Historic Marker #34. She strongly supports the City issuing a plaque to the Community House. I have enclosed an email from her with more information on the Community House and We The People. Ethel Dellev. 1301 Haines, 693 -0880 Ethel Delley, a retired schoolteacher from CSISD told of Community House being a kindergarten in '59 or '60 - her nephew attended in '63/'64. She also mentioned that it served as a day care center, and later on, as a Girls Club. After she retired ('92) she went there to do tutoring (when it was a girls club). She mentioned that Gladys Nell Stewart was a supervisor and taught there. Mary Leland (deceased) was on the board, as well as Florence Caldwell (deceased). She also mentioned to talk to Grace Hall, now living in Calvert. Annie Williams, TAES, 862 -7108 She has two daughters, Rhonda and Olivia, who went to the Girls Club in the '70s. Her kids went under Florence Caldwell. Olivia later returned to serve as director of the Girls Club in the early '90s, a case of those who benefited returning to benefit others. James and Andre Steen, 103 Holleman, 696 -2581 They live just behind Lincoln Center at 103 Holleman. Andre was on the board of Community House. They also remember the building being moved there. Mr. Steen is willing to look up more information on the history. Monroe Renchie, 695 -0230 Mr. Monroe Renchie has been a resident of College Station except during the years of 1955 through 1991. He knew of the Community House back in 1953, and remembers that it was a house moved from campus. When he returned in 1991, he remembers the house being used as a Girls Club, as he frequently saw girls going to the house after school. He also mentioned that the house is still being used for church services. He is investigating as to which church attends there. As a side note, he mentioned that there was another house on Carolina Street, owned by Robert (deceased) and Charlotte Smith. The campus house on their property burned and has been replaced since. We are forwarding this information to A &M (Melanie Hill in the Reading Room of Cushing Library, 845 -1951) to help them determine if this was one of the campus houses and perhaps account for one more of the missing campus houses. We wish to thank Dr. Paul Van Riper and Dr. Charles Schultz and the personnel at Cushing Library for their efforts in tracing what we know of the history of Community House. There is still debate as to whether the house came from campus. The consensus is it was moved to this site, but whether it came directly from campus, or was moved from another city location, well, that's for us to continue to investigate. Community House is historically significant for its ties to Mr. Tarrow and socially significant for its community service. We have to preserve the history of College Station for those who come after us. In the long term, we should work with more residents to continue to develop the history of Community House, working with the Cushing Library, College Station's archives, and most importantly, adding to the oral history of the Community House. There are many more citizens who are willing and able to contribute oral histories on Community House and other historical sites in College Station. We hope that this application is the springboard that will start more work before it is all forgotten and lost. Community House's history continues to evolve. Currently it provides a place for church services, once a week. We also understand that Bible study and Sunday school is held there. So, adding to all its past history, Community House still serves as a meeting house for local residents, providing valuable social services to the community - hence its name. Community House, above all else, has served as a hub of the community social services. Over the decades of its existence, it has provided a number of social activities for the local population. By preserving the history of Community House, we can retain that anchor to the past of Old College Station, to honor those who served under its roof. By awarding Community House with a historic plaque, the City is honoring the memory of those who served there and the services they provided their fellow neighbors. Let not foftget wffat the* have done. Let ua not deotto* wfzat the have built. COLLEGE STAI1ON 61164 erfPrt • 1 by Deborah Lynn Balliew 1,1UAM E CCMMUNri HOu • 85 W.A. Tarrow served as teacher and principal in the College Station schools (Lincoln Highschool and College Station Elementary) for over twenty years. He is pictured here with students in Mrs. Brown's sixth grade; (Front roux left to right) Keith Boutain, Jimmy Bohanan, Shelia Taylor, Delphine Barron, Kathy Dawson (Back row, left to right) Principal W.A. Tarrow, Kennard Roy, Charles Merchant, Michael Lenz, Hebree Searcy, Richard Groot, Mary Brown. Tarrow helped organize and served as president of Community House, a day care and social services organization begun with private donations and volunteers in 1953. He received the Lane Bryant Award for distinguished community ser- vice, presented at the Plaza Hotel in New York City in 1966. (:()IIRTI•SY 11)NA'FARROW ANI) III I.I -N SIMI'SON From: Norma Miller <normil @tca.net> To: Benito Flores <bflores @elitesoft.com> Date: Wednesday, May 05, 1999 2:20 PM Subject: Historic Preservation Committee Historical Plaque, Community Center, aka Girls' Club, Holleman @ Eleanor At the first meeting of "We, the People" neighborhood organization, we designated getting a plaque for this building as our chief goal. A collection was taken at that time which has been held since. Jo Carroll, Community Dev., stated not long after that she wanted the building destroyed. Nothing further until the recent stories circulating from her and from the PD that the building would be destroyed or moved for a new PD substation and possibly a food pantry...with HUD funds. The community feels that preserving this building which was the first kindergarten for black children, later a girls' club, and a community center for senior citizens, is certainly worthy of consideration. We feel that the building can be preserved, renovated, and still used for a sub - station and /or food pantry. This is a very visible corner and properly cared for could be a valuable asset to the entire area. Norma L. Miller 504 Guernsey College Station 696 -4454 Fas 694 -8338 e -mail: normil(c�tca.net 05/05/99 Brazos' CAD Properties Number of Improvements Land Acres Year Built Deed Date Deed Volume Deed Page http://www.taxnetusa.corn/Brazosdetail.cfin?theKey=R32262 BRAZOS CAD Real Property Information Brazos Account Number: R32262 Cross Reference Number: 403500 - 0003 -0010 Owner's Name and Mailing Address 'COMMUNITY HOUSE 400 W HOLLEMAN COLLEGE STATION, TX 77840 location 480 W f-IULLI✓1CilANl College Station , TX Description PROPERTY Another Search pv Short Account Number Another Search by Long Account Number Another Search bv Owner Name Another Search bv Address MCUULLOCH (GEORGE), BLOCK 3,Lo'i" 1,2 S. faxing Entities Code . Name G1 _Brazos County S2 College Station ISD C2 College Station N/A N/A NIA 98 certified value information reflects the certified Appraisal Roll. The 98 working value represents any changes that may have taken place since certification. This information current as of 3/31/99. Total Market Value 0 197,263 Total Assessed Value 89,400 VALUE 1NF)itlVlA `ION Exemptions E I ax Year IW 'R Working Va1ue:1998 Certified Value; Freeze Amount Total Improvement $14,4701 $14,470! Value 2 $5,4001 $5,400' Land Market Value 1 of 1 05/04/99 9:00 AM $19,870 $19,870 $19,870 $19,870 { Form 688 (Y) (Rw. Janwry 1991( District As provided by sections 6321, 6322, and 6323 of the Internal Revenue Code, notice Is given that taxes (Including Interest and penalties) have been assessed against the following-named taxpayer. Demand for payment of thl (lability has been made, but It remains unpaid. Therefore, there Is a lien I favor of the United States on all property and rights to property belonging t this taxpayer for the amount of these taxes, and additional penalties Interest, and costs that may accrue. Name of Taxpayer COMMUNITY HOUSE Residence PO BOX 9698 COLLEGE STATION, TX 77842 -9698 IMPORTANT RELEASE INFORMATION: With respect to each assessment listed below, unless notice of lien is reliled by the date given in column (e), this notice shall. on the day following such date, operate as a certificate of release as defined In IRC 6325(a). Tax Period Date of Last Day for Unpaid Balance Kind of Tax Ended Identifying Number Assessment Reflling of Assessment (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f9 CIVP 12/31/87 74- 1794136 09/24/90 10/24/00 1435.00 CIVP 12/31/88 74- 1794136 09/30/91 10/30/01 483.00 CIVP 12/31/89 74- 1794136 09/28/92 10/28/02 1104.00 941 12/31/88 74- 1794136 01/28/91 02/27/01 1025.00 941 09/30/90 74- 1794136 09/02/91 10/02/01 409.00 941 12/31/90 74- 1794136 09/02/91 10/02/01 695.00 { Place of Filing This notice was prepared and signed of Austin, TX , on this, the 01st day of Signature Austin, TX 224 Department of the Treasury - Internal Revenue Service Notice of Federal Tax Lien Under Internal Revenue Laws PERSONAL PROPERTY ERAZOS COUNTY BRYAN, TX 77801 Octobrrg 92 for Rocky Oulntana '. 9.•6;1+:x.9..' :'y.J.Y; �.::r:::v:.: ...�.� Serial Number For Optional Use by Recording Office 749237953 Title Part 1 • Kept By Recording Office Total S 503403 Revenue Officer 74 -01 -2938 6161.00 (NOTE: Certificate of officer authorized by law to take ac knovn .d�,� of s9sen qt 9 validity of Notice of Federal Tax INn Rev. Rut 71•.66,1971 • 2 C.B. 400) v0r ll�n./.•Pa:!' Form 668 (Y) (Rw.1.01) in Volume 'O' Zer ZLOC Ler 6 400 NoLe/w/q/v erl /ie 0,4//6.1 Lot 5 Block of the me7 .v/./A0//5/42A/ to the City of ■ 4; - 7— € 5 <-- -, according to the plat recorded Page 2 6' ? of the Deed of Records of Brazos County, Texas. 1, Donald D. Garrett, Registered Public Surveyor, No. 2972 do hereby certify that the above plat is true and correct and agrees with a survey made on the ground under my supervision on 4g44.1_7 19116_, 1 furthar rattily that rte. imnenv■arrumrsto - - _ _ . • • d d -nt:Id1^/DD O/V 1p' Od FILED FOR RECORD 5 19 59. RECORDED 10 O'CLOCK A. M. April V "L:LtJl.t. r_ on., < 7 ursr v. 3 DAY OF 19 59 TO WHICH I CERTIFY. A. B. SYPTAK, C. ` / C. / C. �J B � . C. B iJ, j 7l/ ix r/�r DEPUTY 1912— w.tItnANTV DEED WITHOUT LIEN —CORPORATION — Clu.. THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZO$ That COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. cor poration duly incorporated and existing under the laws of The State of Texas, with its home office at COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS (Clly, County. State) b COMMUNITY HOUSE, INC. no lien, expressed or implied, is retained or shall exist, have GRANTED, SOLD, AND CONVEYED, and by these presents do GRANT, SELL; AND CONVEY unto the sairl C0P'MUNITY HOUSE, TUC. "" .. .. of BRAZOS described as follows: - (53) titr rZiris,r1,Ma •v:asc:e:te:tr::a;:^:ss .aT:r•,isrfar ,, •-e = KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: The Meek Co.. Austin a private In consideration of $ 10.00 & Othe PST3 dtirrf4tf112paid receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and for which County, Texas, all of that certain lot, tract, or parcel of land more particularly Being all that certain tract or parcel of land lying and being situated in Brazos County, Texas, and being out of the Crawford Burnett League, and being designated as Lots No. ONE (1) and FIVE (5) in Block No. THREE (3) of the McCULLOCH SUBDIVISION of a forty (40) acre tract out of said survey, according to plat of said Subdivision recorded in Volume 122, page 91 of the Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas, reference to which is here made in aid of description. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises, together with all and singular the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said COMIRTNITY HOUSE, INC. THEIR heirs and assigns forever, and the said COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. fins, hor, thsir) does hereby bind itself, its successors and assigns, to WARRANT AND FOREVER DEFEND, all and singular, the said premises unto the said COMMUNITY HOUSE, INC THEIR heirs this, her, their) and assigns against every person whomsoever lawfully claiming or to claim the same or any part thereof. IN WITNESS THEREOF, the COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC aforesaid, has caused these presents to be signed b GEORGE McCULLOCH its PRESIDENT 1 ,rtei ito duly authorized by resolution duly passed, and its common seal affixed, this the 16th tidy of SEPTEMBER 19 58 COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. By George McCulloch, President THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS Before me Mrs. Loreta R. Covington o Notary Public o f Brazos County, Texas, on this day personally appeared George McCulloch of College Station. Texas above known to mo to be the person xxxixinxxxwhosid name is subscribed to thelp=iticie instrument and acknowl- edged to ma that the sane was the act of the said COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY. INC. a corporation and that he executed the same as the act of such corporation for the purposes and consideration therein expressed, and in the capacity therein slated. Given under my hand and seal of office, this the _ 16th day of September lg Mrs. Loreta R. Covington Notary Public, Brazos County, Texas FILED FOR RECORD 10:25 O'CLOCKA_M., 29 DAY OF April 1959. RECORDED 10 O'CLOCK A. M. 10 DAY OF April 19 59 TO WHICH I CERTIFY. A. o. SYPTAK, C. C. C. B. C. DEPUTY • L., 1212— IVAIIRAN'I`Y DEED WITHOUT LIEN — COIIPOItATION —(I.,. 5 'L P,o Sleek Co., Aoetlo : . -; M•. ^ .." a 7 mF r4: I: 1• Ii, rtmvn:V.`. ^:i:tmlaS4v irrn^_ , n'T of BRAZOS described as follows: IN WITNESS THEREOF, the THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS )} KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. these presents do GRANT, SELL, AND CONVEY unto the said has caused these presents to be signed by GEORGE McCULLOCH corporation duly incorporated and existing under the laws of The State of Texas, with its home office at COLLEGE STATION, TEXAS in consideration of $10.00 & Other Paas�dRr tl paid (City, County, State) b COMMUNITY HOUSE, INC. receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, and for which no lien, expressed or implied, is retained or shall exist, have GRANTED, SOLD, AND CONVEYED, and by COMMUNITY HOUSE, INC. County, Texas, all of that certain lot, tract, or parcel of land more particularly Being all that certain tract or parcel of land lying and being situated in Brazos County, Texas, and being out of the Crawford Burnett League, and being designated as Lots No. ONE (1) and FIVE (5) in Block No. THREE (3) of the McCULLOCH SUBDIVISION of a forty (40) acre tract out of said survey, according to plat of said Subdivision recorded in Volume 122, page 91 of the Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas, reference to which is here made in aid of description. TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the above described premises, together with all and singular the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said COMMUNITY HOUSE, INC. THEIR heirs and assigns forever, and the said COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. (his, her, their) does hereby bind itself, its successors and assigns, to WARRANT AND FOREVER DEFEND, all and singular, the said premises unto the said CONNUNITY HOUSE, INC. THEIR heirs (his, her, their) and assigns against every person whomsoever lawfully claiming or to claim the same or any part thereof. COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC, aforesaid, its tki?rerznto:4u1y authorized by ...) dczirs,p f < SEPTEMBER 16 r'; George McCulloch, President COLLEGE REALTY COMPANY, INC. PRESIDENT resolution duly passed, and its common seal affixed, this the 16th , 19 58 , a private THE STATE OF TEXAS COUNTY OF BRAZOS }) Before me, Mrs. Loreta R Covington a County, Texas, on this day personally appeared Notary Public o f Brazos George McCulloch o f College Station Texas above known to me to be the person x cwhose name is subscribed to the irxxxxXx instrument and acknowl- edged to me that the same was the act of the said COLLEGE REALTY COYYANY, INC. a corporation and that he executed the same as the act of such corporation for the purposes and consideration therein expressed, and in the capacity therein stated. Given under my hand and seal of office, this the 16th day of September Mrs. Loreta R. Covington 19 ( Notary Public, Brazos County, Texas Fi FILED FOR RECORD 10:25 O'CLOCKA• M., 2 9 DAY OF April 19 59. RECORDED 10 O'CLOCK A. M. 30 DAY OF Auil 19 59 TO WHICH I CERTIFY. A. B. SYPTAK, C. C. C. B. C. B • ?IP; THE STATE OF TEXAS: COUNTY OF BRAZOS: KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS! That I, George McCulloch, of Brazos County, Texas, do hereby and by these presents declare and publish that the map or plat of which this ti • pert Is my subdivialon of the lands belonging to me lying south and east of the Campus of A & M College of Texas, being • part of the Crawford Burnett Survey, Brazos County, Texas, containing forty (40) sores of lend, more or leas, and being the some land conveyed to me by deed from Robert G. McClain, et ux, dated March 18, 1944, of reoord in Volume 116, page 461, of the Deed Records of Brazos County, TOXAS. 'Ai 1 further declare that said plat or subdilnlion shall from this day be known % AcCulloch's Subdivision and I further dedicate to the use of the publio all streets shown on said plat. A Witness my hand at Bryan, Texas, this the llth day of January, 1946. THE STATE OF TEXAS: COUNTY OF BRAZOS: Be fore me the undersigned authority, a Notary Public in and f r Brazos County Tex.., on this day personally appeared George McCulloch, known t mi to be the person whose name is aubsoribed to the foregoing instrument and oknowledged to me that he executed the ea for the purposes and oonaiderations therein expressed Given undo], ny hand ar4 5a1 a: o floe this Je llth day of Jaauszy, 194e. ( DEED 122 o ary1/14414dr-6-• c n :or Brazos County, Texas. A_446.4e4-- ■ tb. 4,/rok.115:erne.ek 'We dgr,ozej ...VI) SC42-;;;::: The foregoing ie a true oopy of the original instrument which vas filed for record ! %.: , v .. .:4 ) '• •• ,..• k ...Z Mc ea lioe6 .s.<46 ,, ( .er 6 4 ir---/ ir ot , W c 1 ed.Fre .oefteme$P.1.1, e 4'-o •el-s of Zoo./ out of ji;44, *xes, .4.... 1) ; 'Ile— • on the'14t6 day of Zany A.D. 1946 at 4130 o'clock p.m. and duly recorded on the • • .14th day of Zany A.D. 1946 at 4:50 • 13,6161..pimistot:t1.ock.:i234:::. • • . • DEED 115 461 )16'/44t 21st day of March A.D. 1944 at 10 o'clock a.m, and duly recorded on the 22nd day of March A.D. 1944 et 10330 o'clock a.m, to which I certify A. B. Syp Deputy THE MATE OF TEXAS' COUNTY OF BRAzoa I KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS: That we, Robert G. McClain and wife, Eva Mae McClain of the County of Brazos, State of Texas for and in consideration of the sum of Three Thousand Two Hundred Twenty Eight and 60/100 (43,220.60) Dollars to - paid, and scoured to be paid, by George moCullough as follows, $350.00 cash to us in had paid the receipt of which is hereby acknowledged; the further payment of *250.00 cash to Ernest Seeger, owner and holder of a vendor's lien note against the hereinafter described reel estate, and the execution and delivery to said Ernest Seeger or a vendor's lien installment note of even date herewith for the prihoipal sum of *2,620.60 payable to the order of Ernest Seeger at Bryan, Texas, in equal monthly installments of 025.00 each, the first of which is due and payable on or before the let day of April, 1944 end a like installment to become due and payable on or before the lot day of each succeeding month thereafter until the entire principal sum with interest has been paid, said note bearing interest at the rate of tour (4) per cent per annum from date until paid and the accrued interest shell first be deducted from each installment payment and the remainder Of each installment shall be applied to the unpaid principal have Granted, Bold and conveyed, . • and by these presents do Grant, Sell and convey, unto the said George McCullough of the County of Brezoe State of Texes,',all that certain lots, tracts, or parcels of lend being a part of the Crawford Burnett Survey, lying and being situated In Brazos County,Texas and described as follows, to-wit: FIRST TRACT: Beginning et the most easterly corner of the 14 dare tract of land conveyed by Anton Zak, at ux to E. Seeger by deed dated January 7, 1929, and recorded in Volume 73, page 139, of the Deed Records of Brazos County,Texaa, a stake for corner; THEME N. 45 E. 234 yards and corner a stake for corner: THENCE N. 35 w. 490 verse and corner a stake for corner; Thence 8, 45 W 234 varas end corner at the N. corner of said E. Seeger's 14 acre tract, a stake for corner: Thence 8, 35 E. with Seeger's northeast line 490 wares to the place of beginning, containing 20 acres of lead, and being the same tract of land conveyed by Anton Zak to E. Seeger by deed dated November 30, 1932, end of record in Volume 83, page 106, of the Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas, SEGOIID TRACT: Being a part of two tracts of land, one containing 100 acres, more or lees, and the other containing 24 more or less, conveyed to Anton Zak by John Mane, at al, by deed dated October 13, 19140, and of record in Volume 36, page 301, of the Deed Records of Brazos County,Texes, and the part herein conveyed being more particularly described as follows: Being a part of a 12 sore tract desoribed in deed from Anton Zak to C. 0, Corley, dated October 4, 1924, recorded in Volume 65, page 262, of the Deed Records of Drazoa County, Texas, described by metes and bounds thus: Beginning in s lane at the most western corner Of a 14 sore tract described in a deed from Anton Zak et ux to O. C. Corley, dated October 14 1924 and of record in Volume 65, page 511 of the Deed Records of.BrazOs County,Texas, and the most northern eorner of said 12 sore tract referred to aboyel Thence B. 35 I 490 versa to the 8, corner of said 14 acre tract and the most eastern corner of said 12 eore tract; Thenoe 8. 45 W. with the southeast line of said 12 sore tract, 70.1/2 vs es o corner: Ui4A. • • • . • DEED 11'5 Thence N. 35 W. 490 aaaaa to corner in lane; Thence with said lane N. 45 E 70-1/2 verse "4 ' 4 to place of beginning, containing six (6) acres of land, more or less, and being the same land described in correction deed from Anton Zak et us to Robert O. McClain, dated March 18, 1944, and filed for record March 18, 1944, at 2 o'clock p.m. in the offioe of the County Clerk of Brazos County,Texas, and not yet recorded. THDRILTRACT: Beginning at a stake set for the N. corner of a 12 aore tract of land de.. earthed in a deed from Anton Zak et us to C, C. Corley, dated October 4, 1924, which stake is in the center of a lane; Thence S. 35 E 490 wares and corner a stake set for the B, Corner of said 12 acre tract in the S.E. line of a 100 nore tract conveyed to Anton Zak by john Mena, at al; Thence N. 45 E with said line 161-3/10 veras and corner a stake for corner; Thence N. 35 W. 490 verse and corner a stake in lane for corner; I Thence S. 45 IV with said line 161-3/10 Yarns to the piece of beginning containing 14 . .1)k sores of land, and being the same lend described in a deed from Anton Zak at us to C. C. Corley, which deed is recorded in Vol. 65, page 511, of the Deed Records of Brazos County, Texas. TO RAVE AND TO BOLD the above described premises, together with all and singular the rights end appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging unto the said George McCullough heirs and assigns forever end we do hereby bind ourselves, our heirs, executors and ad- ministrators, to Warrant and Forever Defend, all andaingular the said Premises unto the said George McCullough hairs and assigns, against every person whomsoever lawfully claim- 10. ing, or to claim the same, or any part thereof. But it is expressly agreed and stipulated that the Vendor's Lien is retained against the above described property, premises end improvements, until the above described note, and all interest thereon are fully paid according to its face and tenor, effect and reeding, when this deed shall become absolute. WETNESS OUR hands at Bryan, Texas, this 18th day of March 1944. #3.85Revenue Stamp affixed Robert G. McClain and duly cancelled. Eva Mae McClain THE STATE OF TEXAS) COUNTY OF BRAZOS I BEFORE ME, the undersigned, a Notary Public in and for said County and State, on this day personally appeared Robert 0. McClain and Eva Mae McClain, his wife, both known to me to be the persons whose names are subscribed to the foregoing instrument, and acknowledged to me that they each executed the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed, and the said Eva Mae MoClain, wife of the said Robert C.MoClain having been examined by me privily and apart from her husband, end having the same fully explained to her, she, the said Eva Mae MoClain acknowledged such instrument to be her act and deed, and she deolared that she had willingly signed the same for the purposes and consideration therein expressed, and that she did not wish to retract it. Clean under my band and seal of office this the 16th day of March A.D. 1944. R. Mudgett, (R. Mudgett) Notary Public in and for Brazos County,Texas. (SEAL) The foregoing is a true copy of the original instrument which was filed for record on the 21st day of Mapah A.D. 1944 at 1125 o'clock a.m. and duly recorded on the 22nd day of March A.D. 1944 at 11 o'clock a.m, to which I certify A B. S.pta / c.c.n.c Apr, eputy I