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HomeMy WebLinkAboutDesignating and Equipping Temporary Control Centers 1962 LOCAL CD DIRECTOR'S GUIDE POR DESIGNATING AND EQUIPPING TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTERS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE OFFICE OF CIVIL DEFENSE REGION 5 61 -11 DECEMBER 4, 1962 DESIGNATING AND EQUIPPING TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTERS 1. BASIC OBJECTIVE TO DESIGNATE AND EQUIP A TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTER FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT EMERGENCY OPERATIONS. In view of the existing fallout shelter capability that has been identified through the survey, and in anticipation of additional shelter being constructed in future structures, it has become imperative that local governments take action to provide themselves with a protected area in which to operate during an emergency. Governments must be able to make an assessment of remaining survival supplies, manpower and equipment in order to be able to plan for recovery actions when the shelterees emerge. They must be able to communicate and receive vital information from the next higher government echelon and disseminate information to the shelters. 2. BACKGROUND While it is generally recognized that emergency governmental operations can be carried out most effectively from a control center that has been designed and constructed for that specific purpose, it is also recognized that LOCAL GOVERNMENTS HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY FOR PROVIDING THEMSELVES WITH A TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTER OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY UNTIL SUCH TIME AS A SPECIALLY DESIGNED CENTER CAN BE PROVIDED. To this end, the Office of Civil Defense has relaxed the eligibility require- ments of its Contributions Program to the extent that Federal Matching Funds will be made available to assist local govern- ments in equipping and supplying temporary emergency control centers that are located in existing public buildings, such as courthouses, city halls, libraries, etc. The areas in such buildings that are to be used as temporary control cen- ters must be identified as areas where the amount of radiation reaching occupants will be at least 100 times less than would be received by unprotected persons (shelter Categories 4 through 8). The results of the National Fallout Shelter Survey will be useful in this regard. THE GOAL OF THIS ACCELERATED PROGRAM IS TO SUBSTANTIALLY INCREASE THE EMERGENCY OPERATIONAL CAPABILITY OF LOCAL GOVERNMENTS THROUGH THE UTILIZATION OF EXISTING BUILDINGS FOR TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTERS. It is not intended that this program will supplant the existing Matching Funds Program for construction of new, permanent control centers. Those local governments desiring to construct new control centers should submit project applications in accordance with Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 14 of Administrative Manual 25 -1. To date, 29 such centers have been completed nationally, 25 are under construction and 42 are in the design stage. 3. PROCEDURES The following section outlines the desirable features of a temporary control center and should be followed where possible. It is recognized that all communities may not be able to accom- plish all of the reccmmended actions. However, EACH LOCAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD DO EVERYTHING WITHIN ITS CAPABILITY, THE LEAST OF WHICH WOULD BE TO DESIGNATE A CONTROL CENTER IN THE BEST PRO- TECTED AREA, SEA' UP AVAILABLE CCMVIUNICATIONS, AND DEVELOP A STAFFING PATTERN FOR PEOPLE WHO WILL OCCUPY THE FACILITY. a. Selection of a Building From Shelter Survey Phase. 2 printouts, a contemplated temporary control center should be chosen in a Category 4 - 8 area of a building as noted above. The area shculd then be investigated as to accessibility and ventilation. If shelter space is plentiful, the temporary control center size should be based on the staffing pattern. Should the space available be small, the staffing will necessarily be limited. In the event that there is no PF Category 4 - 8 area in a public building which may be utilized as a temporary control center, inquiry should be made to your State Civil Defense Office regarding the possibility of obtaining Federal assistance in upgrading a PF Category 2 or 3 building to the shielding protection of a PF Cate- gory 4 building. b. Staffing of the Control Center The control center staff generally consists of the chief executive of the local government, the civil defense di- rector, and those department heads and key assistants who have essential functions during an emergency. The minimum essential functions for which staffing shculd be provided include: public broadcasting and public information, warn- ing, radiological defense, utilities, police, fire, debris clearance, roads and bridges, medical, welfare, transporta- tion and communications. Eighty -five to 100 square feet should be allowed for each control center occupant. In computing space requirements, do not be guided by the number of shelter spaces shown in the National Shelter Survey printout, but rather by the actual shelter area size. - 2 - c. Equipping the Control Center After the selection of a specific area is made, it will be necessary to obtain certain supplies and equipment necessary to make the center operational. In determining the need and type of such equipment, you should consult with local profes- sional people for advice. Your local government engineer will more than likely be able to render valuable assistance in this regard. The following items of equipment and sup- plies are considered to be essential to control center operation: (1) Emergency Power: Auxiliary standby power is essential in a control center. This provides a positive source of electri- city for communications, lighting, and ventilation, if required. An electrician should re -wire the electrical control panel so that all the lights and service outlets in the center area can be served either by local power or standby power. The load requirements of lighting, communications, motors, fans, pumps, etc., should be computed and the engine generator set sized to fit the needs. Information given on Pages 4 -3 and 4 - of the Shelter Components Catalog will assist you in determining the cost of the required generator. The generator should be placed in a readily accessible, protected area, well ventilated, and positive measures taken to insure outside venting of the exhaust. For liquid- cooled sets, it may be advantageous to place the radiator on the outside of the building. Fuel and fuel storage for two weeks continuous operation of the engine generator set should be provided. Local codes will probably dictate the location of this supply. (2) Ventilation: As stated previously, a diligent attempt should be made to locate the center in a ventilated area. Should this prove to be impractical, some method should be devised to provide sufficient ventilation for the occupants and for the engine generator set. Air requirements are roughly 10 cubic feet per s mute per person. If the center is located in same remote area of a fairly large structure, air may be drawn from other areas by use of fans or blowers and exhausted through the center. Should all other methods fail, reference should be made to the "Shelter Components Catalog" for a ventilating unit. -3- (3) Water: • The preferable method of water storage is in a tank on one of the upper floors with a direct line to the center. The tank should be of a pressure type and placed in the house line to insure fresh water. The connections should be valved at each end to prevent siphoning should local water supply fail. The tank should be sized to hold two gallons a day per person for drinking, cooking and washing. Investigation of the flooring on which the tank sits is advisable to assure that it will hold the weight. Should the tank system not be feasible, water may be stored in the center in tins, bottles or plastic containers. This type storage would be at the rate of 2 gallon per person per day. The reduction is due to space re- quired in the center. If the local supply is from wells with no open tarks or filters between the wells and the consumer, the water will become contaminated, and a continuous supply is likely.' (4) Rations: Military type rations should be stored in the center. Two weeks? ( preferaly 30 days) supply will be needed at the rate of 3,000 calories per person per day. Waiver may be granted on the current limitation on types of rations. (5) Sanitation: Portable chemical toilets should be provided and stored, allowing one per 10•people with a minimum of two. G. I. cans with tight fitting lids should be placed in an area adjacent to the center for receiving the contents of the toilets and the gar- bage. Canned hand cleaner and paper towels should be used whenever possible in lieu of soap and water. (6) Communications: Communications, kind, size and amount, will be dic- tated by the size of the center and the population which it serves. Land line service may run frcm a minimum of 3 trunk lines in the smaller centers to over 20 in the larger urban centers. Similarly, radio backup would be a minimum of two base stations (one for local use and one to the next higher echelon) in small centers to all that could be accommodated in the larger centers. Where the center is located in - 4 - the basement of a courthouse or city hall, the base station should be placed permanently in the center with remote control to the normal user. If a local AM Broadcasting Station is available, the center should be connected with the station by direct line. (7) Bunking: Suitable demountable bunks with appropriate bedding should be provided and stored in the center or adjacent area. Compute bunks on basis of one -half the staffing pattern. (8) Supplies: As this is an operations center, all types of office and housekeeping supplies anticipated for use should be stored in the center. d. Approval of the Governing Body Upon completion of the above investigation and cost deter- mination, the information should be presented to the local governing body for consideration and action. If such ac- tion is favorable, immediate steps should be taken to imple- ment the establishment of the temporary control center. e. Federal Assistance Federal assistance in obtaining equipment and supplies is offered in two manners, the Surplus Property Program and the Contributions Program. (1) In the Federal Surplus Property Program, application is made to the State Office for action. While the costs of obtaining equipment in this manner are nomi- nal, delays are sometimes encountered due to unavail- ability of the item. It is advisable to determine what equipment is available and its condition. (2) Under the OCD Contributions Program, Federal financial assistance may be used to match funds of the local subdivision in obtaining supplies and equipment for temporary control centers subject to the provisions of Chapters 1, 2 and 3 of AM 25 -1. - 5 - IN FILLING CUT THE FORMS FOR APPLICATION FOR MATCHING FUNDS, CHAPTERS 1, 2 AND 3 OF OCD ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL 25 -1 SHOULD BE CONSULTED. THE PRCGRAM SPACE ON THE FORM SHOULD BE.FILLED IN WITH, "TEMPORARY CONTROL CENTER PRCGRAM." On part II of the application the items desired and esti- mated costs should be listed. The standard location number and facility number of the building selected for the Control Center should be shown on the application. (This can be obtained from the Shelter Survey Printout.) Do not contract for any items until the State CD Office notifies you of approval. Acccmpanying the application should be a one -page justification showing staffing pattern, communi- cations capability, and operations expected to be carried on in the Center. There should also be a sketch showing the build- ing plan, location of the Control Center Area, and location of equipment. 4+. REFERENCES a. Catalog of Sbeltor Compenentu b. Office of Civil Defense Administrative Manual 25 -1, Chapters 1, 2, 3 and 1+ c. Directory. of Architects and Engineers Who Have Successfully Completed the OCD Course in Fallout Shelter Analysis 5. ATTACHMENT Regional Office Memoranda: 52 -4, 11- 15 -62, and 51- 2(63), 11- 1 -62 - 6 -