HomeMy WebLinkAbout1964 National Plan for Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities -_.. it
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Tlie National Plan for Emergency Preparedness A ' stii � Y
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• If Federal operations were disrupted in so that they could act independently in case of -S. to p
particular areas, State and local authorities the incapacity of the central office. tOt •
i should assume responsibility, in accordance
with national policies, for the protection, use, Preattack Preparedness. Governmental
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and distribution of resources otherwise subject and nongovernmental units with emergency �cti�'�'
to emergency Federal control, until effective responsibilities should take all measures au- >
Federal control could be restored. thorized by law to prepare for an emergency th e.
before it arises. This requires: • of t'
Self - Sufficiency. Each governmental and
I nongovernmental unit with emergency func- • Personnel who have been thoroughly trained i
tions should provide for maximum self -suffi-
in self-protection and in the performance of
I ciency and continuity of operations so that it their emergency assignments.
I # could operate in an emergency,without reliance • Operations plans and procedures which are ;
on higher authority. For example: periodically updated to meet a changing in-
9 i • Each Federal agency, State and local govern- ternational situation and are consistent with •
ment, and essential- facility manager should overall national guidelines.;;.
I undertake preparations for emergency opera- • Periodic tests and exercises to improve or-
tions, protective construction, and
personnel ganizational ability to carry out assignments.
� protection.
• Facilities, manpower, equipment, communi-
1 • Wherever feasible, delegations should be cations, and supplies suitably located or pro
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made to departmental and field officials located tected and adequate to emergency discharge
outside the more vulnerable metropolitan areas sponsibilities. g g y Ie
RESPONSIBILITIES
Federal Government.
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(OEP) assists the President in coordinating
The four principal statutory enactments the emergency preparedness activities of the
upon which civil emergency preparedness ac- Federal Government and makes plans for the
tivities are based are, as amended, the National direction of governmental, economic, and other
Security Act of 1947, the Federal Civil Defense activities as may be determined by the Presi-
Act of 1950, the Defense Production Act of 1950, dent. (He is also a statutory member of the
and the Strategic and Critical Materials Stock National Security Council.) The Director is
Piling Act.* There are also many other specific responsible for:
legal authorities under which the various Fed -
eral agencies can prepare for and operate in a • Coordinating and in some cases developing
national eanergency.t For planning purposes, those programs necessary for economic, polit-
it may be assumed that whatever additional ical, and social support of basic national objet -
extraordinary Federal authorities were re- tives.
• Advising the President on the coordination of
quired for national survival would be available
in that situation. all mobilization activities, controlling activities
Office of Emergency Planning. The Dire,c- Under the Defense Production Act, and deter - •
for of the Office of Emergency Planning mining kinds and qualities of materials to be
stockpiled.
*By Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1958 Pertain functions • Assistin g States in arranging interstate com-
under these acts were transferred to the President. Some
of these were later redelegated by Executive order ; the emer pacts and reciprocal aid arrangements and,
gency powers under Title III of the Federal Civil Defense Act
were expressly retained by the President. through the Department of State, mutual aid
t An "Index of Authorities" appended to the National Plan agreements between the States and neig hb01'irig
lists with citations the above - mentioned statutes and re-
organization plan and all directly relevant Executive orders. countries for civil defense.
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December 1964
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PROGRAM ELEMENTS
The emergency preparedness program can be 0 Provision of essential community services —
divided into three categories of elements, many by such means as stockpiling and distributing
of which cut across the responsibilities of all survival materials; eliminating or reducing re- I
agencies and levels of government. Subsequent sidual attack hazards; providing health and wel- i
chapters discuss these elements in terms of par- fare services, housing, utilities, and related
titular policies, responsibilities, and programs. services; and reestablishing educational and I
cultural institutions and news media.
Mitigation of Attack Effects.
The elements in this category have as their Economic Survival and Recovery.
objectives the mitigation of attack effects on The elements in this category have as their
people and property and the facilitation of re- objectives insuring efficient use of surviving re-
habilitation and recovery. This involves two sources, maintaining an economy capable of
basic program elements: supporting national requirements, and insuring .
® Reduction of vulnerability —by such means availability of resources for expanding, main -
as fallout shelters, dispersal of facilities, public taining, or restoring production and distribu-
warning systems, and radiological defense tioii processes. Fulfilling these objectives re- 1
operations. quires three basic program elements: 1
8 • December 1964
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Y in en o f Chapter 1. Basic Principles
0 Assisting the President in determining policy OEP and OCD maintain eight colocated Re-
.3rnrner1t for, planning, directing, and coordinating the gional Offices with coterminous boundaries
n a1
g total civil defense program. (see map, p. 8).
lres au:, Office of Civil Defense. The Secretary of
'igen Defense is responsible for major civil defense State and Local Governments.
activities of the Federal Government, which The government of each State is responsible f
w have in turn been delegated to the Director of for the preparedness and emergency operations i
e of the Office of Civil Defense (OCD) in the Office of the State and its political subdivisions and F,
of the Secretary of the Army. This includes for insuring that such activities are compatible
responsibility for civil defense stockpiles. with those of the Federal Government. The
!re Other Agencies. The heads of many other government of each political subdivision is re-
1- Federal agencies have been assigned emergency sponsible for its preparedness and emergency t
i functions related to their basic missions and operations in accordance with Federal and
i capabilities. Civil defense functions are to be State emergency plans and programs.
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carried out in consonance with national civil de- While the Federal Government can indicate
i fense plans, programs, and operations of the the kinds of preparedness actions the States
Department of Defense. Each agency plans should take, it is the responsibility of the State i
and conducts such other nonmilitary defense governments to provide the additional constitu- I.
I activities as are inherent in its normal responsi- tional or statutory support, organization, and t
bilities, are assigned by the President (or neces- procedures for the conduct of those activities. it
i sitated by such assignment), or are specified in The same is true of the need for local ordinances
interagency agreements. to meet the preparedness requirements of each
Federal food and medical stockpiles are the locality.
responsibility of the Secretary of Agriculture Similarly, bordering States should encour-
0 and the Secretary of Health, Education, and age adequate preparedness through mutual as-
Welfare, respectively. sistance agreements or interstate compacts.
Each Federal agency, within the specified The State and local governments would be
areas of its responsibility, works with the expected to carry out Federal emergency activi-
States and, as appropriate, their political' sub- ties in event of temporary breakdown of Federal
• divisions in providing functional guidance . and control and until it could be reestablished. They
assistance in emergency preparedness matters. must also be prepared to assist the Federal Gov -
1 Wartime Structure. Although Federal ermnent in carrying out national programs such
policy calls for use of the current governmental as price, wage, and rent controls and conserva-
structure in an emergency, certain tasks partic- tion and most advantageous use of resources.
ularly related to administration of controls
could best be performed by emergency agencies. Private Sector.
Their existence would depend upon Presidential The leaders of industry, agriculture, labor,
declaration of a national emergency, and the and finance are responsible, in cooperation with
extent of their operations would depend upon appropriate government agencies, for planning !
the nature of the emergency. and executing measures designed to assure the 1
Among these planned emergency agencies continued functioning or rapid restoration of
is an Office of Defense Resources, which would the essential elements of the national economy.
perform overall central resource management Individuals and families are responsible to
functions. Throughout this Plan, all references the extent possible for their own emergency
to the Office of Emergency Planning under needs and for participation in the general sur-
emergency conditions apply to the Office of rival and recovery effort.
Defense Resources when established. All public organizations are expected to
Field Coordination. To carry out their make such contributions to national, State, or
respective functions in assisting the States and community preparedness and survival opera-
coordinating the Federal agency field activities, tions as possible and appropriate.
0 December 1964 7
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Chapter 1. Basic Principles
• Provision of essential resources —by such and the preservation of rights and liberties to
means as supplementing regular inventories the fullest extent compatible with national sur-
with reserves (including Federal stockpiles) in vival and recovery. These objectives involve i
usable forms and locations; maintaining mul- three basic program elements : t:
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tiple sources of supply for critical resources; • Maintenance of civil order—by such means
developing substitutes for critical resources; as augmenting regular police forces, modifying f
expanding or converting existing productive I
the legal base to permit effective enforcement
,k, capacity as necessary for.national defense; and
activity in substantive and geographic police
controlling imports and exports.
g 1 jurisdictions, and preparing for orderly use of i I
YARD • Management of resources —by such means as armed forces as augmentation of regular police
devising supply - requirements study systems; forces or, for overriding national purpose, as a F
z • developing criteria, techniques, and control direct instrument of the Federal Government.
measures for overall resource management ; I Continuity of government —by such means
establishing systems for allocating supplies and
as establishing lines of succession to official posi
adjudicating claims disputes; and stimulating
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tions; protecting records essential to postattack
mutual aid agreements among industries for
operations, elective processes, and legal, po-
emergency interchange of resources. litical, and economic relationships; establishing
f • Economic stabilization —by such means as protected or alternative centers for postattack
developing techniques and control measures for governmental operations; and , assuring pro-
stabilizing wages and salaries, prices, and rents, tection and optimum use of government per- I
for rationing essential items to local consumers, sonnel, records, and facilities.
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for maintaining money and credit systems, and
for emergency banking operations. • Protection of rights —by such means as estab-
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. lishing emergency codes and systems of civil
} Institutional Survival and Recovery. justice to avoid arbitrary use of the police
The elements in this category have as their power and assuring that limitations on exercise
objectives the legal exercise of authority, the of rights be confined in scope and duration to
ability of governments to act in an emergency, that demanded by conditions.
SUPPORT FUNCTIONS
Communications. • Provide for the collection of weapons
So that there would be communications for
detonation and effects information.
performance of essential governmental and pub- • Provide data transmission systems to facili-
lice services in an emergency, it is necessary to: tate central information analysis.
• Provide reliable means of communication • Develop procedures and skills to complement
among levels of government and between gov- machine systems and prepare data analyses. •
ernment and the people.
• Provide for maintenance of communications Education and Training.
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essential to operations of elements of the na The systematic teaching of skills and tech-
tional economy. niques to meet emergency needs and education
• Establish and prepare to enforce priorities on to foster self - protection and cooperation with
use of facilities and systems. government plans are essential to the national
Assessment of Attack Effects. preparedness effort. To meet requirements:
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So that government personnel and the gen- • All Federal agencies develop and execute
- eral public would have proper information for education and training programs in support of
-., rational decisions, it is necessary to : their assigned emergency preparedness func
December 196 9
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