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APPENDIX B
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION 8101 B104.3 Type IA and Type IB construction.The fire-flow cal-
GENERAL culation area of buildings constructed of Type IA and Type IB
B101.1 Scope. The procedure for determining fire-flow re- construction shall be the area of the three largest successive
quirements for buildings or portions of buildings hereafter con- floors.
structed shall be in accordance with this appendix. This Exception:Fire-flow calculation area for open parking ga- I
appendix does not apply to structures other than buildings. rages shall be determined by the area of the largest floor.
SECTION B102 SECTION B105
DEFINITIONS FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR BUILDINGS
B102.1 Definitions.For the purpose of this appendix,certain B105.1 One- and two-family dwellings. The minimum
terms are defined as follows: fire-flow requirements for one-and two-family dwellings hav-
FIRE FLOW.The flow rate of a water supply,measured at 20 ing a fire-flow calculation area which does not exceed 3,600
pounds per square inch(psi)(138 kPa)residual pressure,that is square feet (344.5 m2) shall be 1,000 gallons per minute
available for fire fighting. (3785.4 L/min).Fire flow and flow duration for dwellings hav-
ing a fire-flow calculation area in excess of 3,600 square feet
II FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA. The floor area, in (344.5 m2)shall not be less than that specified in Table B 105.1.
quare feet(m2),used to determine the required fire flow.
Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of 50 percent,
as approved, is allowed when the building is provided with
SECTION B103 an approved automatic sprinkler system.
MODIFICATIONS B105.2 Buildings other than one-and two-family dwellings.
B103.1 Decreases.The fire chief is authorized to reduce the The minimum fire flow and flow duration for buildings other
fire-flow requirements for isolated buildings or a group of than one-and two-family dwellings shall be as specified in Ta-
buildings in rural areas or small communities where the devel- ble B 105.1.
opment of full fire-flow requirements is impractical. Exception: A reduction in required fire flow of up to 50
B103.2 Increases.The fire chief is authorized to increase the percent, as approved,is allowed when the building is pro-
fire-flow requirements where conditions indicate an unusual vided with an approved automatic sprinkler system installed
susceptibility to group fires or conflagrations.An increase shall in accordance with Section 903.3.1.1 or 903.3.1.2 of the In-
not be more than twice that required for the building under con- ternational Fire Code. Where buildings are also of Type I or I
sideration. II construction and are a light-hazard occupancy as defined
B103.3 Areas without water supply systems. For informa by NFPA 13,the reduction may be up to 75 percent. The re
tion regarding water supplies for fire-fighting purposes in ruralI
suiting fire flow shall not be less than 1,500 gallons per min
and suburban areas in which adequate and reliable water supply ute(5678 1/min)for the prescribed duration as specified in
systems do not exist,the fire code official is authorized to Table B 105.1.
uti-
lize NFPA 1142 or the International Urban Wildland Interface
Code. SECTION 8106
REFERENCED STANDARDS
SECTION B104 ICC IBC International Building Code B 104.2,
FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA Table B 105.1
I B104.1 General.The fire-flow calculation area shall be the to- ICC IFC International Fire Code B 105.2
tal floor area of all floor levels within the exterior walls,and un International Urban
der the horizontal projections of the roof of a building,except ICC IUWIC Wildland Interface Code B 103.3
as modified in Section B 104.3.
B104.2 Area separation.Portions of buildings which are sepa- Standard on Water Supplies
rated by fire walls without openings,constructed in accordance NFPA 1142 for Fighting
with the International Building Code,are allowed to be consid-
I ered as separate fire-flow calculation areas.
2003 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 371
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENTS FOR B )INGS 1
1
TABLE B105.1
MINIMUM REQUIRED FIRE FLOW AND FLOW DURATION FOR BUILDINGS°
FIRE-FLOW CALCULATION AREA(square feet) FIRE FLOW FLOW
Type IA and IBb Type IIA and IIIA° Type IV and V-A" Type IIB and IIIBb Type V Bb (gallons per minute)° DURATION(hours)
0-22,700 0-12,700 0-8,200 0-5,900 0-3,600 1,500
22,701-30,200 12,701-17,000 8,201-10,900 5,901-7,900 3,601-4,800 1,750
30,201-38,700 17,001-21,800 10,901-12,900 7,901-9,800 4,801-6,200 2,000
2
- 38,701-48,300 21,801-24,200 12,901-17,400 9,801-12,600 6,201-7,700 2,250
48,301-59,000 24,201-33,200 17,401-21,300 12,601-15,400 7,701-9,400 2,500
59,001-70,900 33,201-39,700 21,301-25,500 15,401-18,400 9,401-11,300 2,750
- 70,901-83,700 39,701-47,100 25,501-30,100 18,401-21,800 11,301-13,400 3,000
83,701-97,700 . 47,101-54,900 30,101-35,200 21,801-25,900 13,401-15,600 3,250
3
97,701-112,700 54,901-63,400 35,201-40,600 25,901-29,300 15,601-18,000 3,500
112,701-128,700 63,401-72,400 40,601-46,400 29,301-33,500 18,001-20,600 3,750
128,701-145,900 72,401-82,100 46,401-52,500 33,501-37,900 20,601-23,300 4,000
145,901-164,200 82,101-92,400 52,501-59,100 37,901-42,700 23,301-26,300 4,250
164,201-183,400 92,401-103,100 59,101-66,000 42,701-47,700 26,301-29,300 4,500
183,401-203,700 103,101-114,600 66,001-73,300 47,701-53,000 29,301-32,600 4,750
203,701-225,200 114,601-126,700 73,301-81,100 53,001-58,600 32,601-36,000 5,000
225,201-247,700 126,701-139,400 81,101-89,200 58,601-65,400 36,001-39,600 5,250
247,701-271,200 139,401-152,600 89,201-97,700 65,401-70,600 39,601-43,400 5,500
271,201-295,900 152,601-166,500 97,701-106,500 70,601-77,000 43,401-47,400 5,750
295,901-Greater 166,501-Greater 106,501-115,800 77,001-83,700 47,401-51,500 6,000 4
- - 115,801-125,500 83,701-90,600 51,501-55,700 6,250
- - 125,501-135,500 90,601-97,900 55,701-60,200 6,500
- - 135,501-145,800 97,901-106,800 60,201-64,800 6,750
- - 145,801-156,700 106,801-113,200 64,801-69,600 7,000
- - 156,701-167,900 113,201-121,300 69,601-74,600 7,250
- - 167,901-179,400 121,301-129,600 74,601-79,800 7,500
- - 179,401-191,400 129,601-138,300 79,801-85,100 7,750
- - 191,401-Greater 138,301-Greater 85,101-Greater 8,000
For SI: 1 square foot=0.0929 m2,1 gallon per minute=3.785 Um,1 pound per square inch=6.895 kPa.
I a. The minimum required fire flow shall be permitted to be reduced by 25 percent for Group R.
b.'Types of construction are based on the International Building Code.
c. Measured at 20 psi.
372 2003 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE®
APPENDIX C
FIRE HYDRANT LOCATIONS AND DISTRIBUTION
The provisions contained in this appendix are not mandatory unless specifically referenced in the adopting ordinance.
SECTION C101 SECTION C104
GENERAL CONSIDERATION OF EXISTING FIRE HYDRANTS
C101.1 Scope.Fire hydrants shall be provided in accordance C104.1 Existing fire hydrants.Existing fire hydrants on pub-
with this appendix for the protection of buildings,or portions of lic streets are allowed to be considered as available. Existing
buildings,hereafter constructed. fire hydrants on adjacent properties shall not be considered
available unless fire apparatus access roads extend between
properties and easements are established to prevent obstruction
SECTION C102 of such roads.
LOCATION
C102.1 Fire hydrant locations. Fire hydrants shall be pro-
vided along required fire apparatus access roads and adjacent SECTION C105
public streets. DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS
C105.1 Hydrant spacing.The average spacing between fire
hydrants shall not exceed that listed in Table C105.1.
SECTION C103 Exception: The fire chief is authorized to accept a defi-
NUMBER OF FIRE HYDRANTS ciency of up to 10 percent where existing fire hydrants pro-
_ C103.1 Fire hydrants available.The minimum number of fire vide all or a portion of the required fire hydrant service.
iydrants available to a building shall not be less than that listed Regardless of the average spacing,fire hydrants shall be lo-
in Table C105.1. The number of fire hydrants available to a cated such that all points on streets and access roads adjacent to
complex or subdivision shall not be less than that determined
by spacing requirements listed in Table C105.1 when applied to a building are within the distances listed in Table C105.1.
fire apparatus access roads and perimeter public streets from
which fire operations could be conducted.
TABLE C105.1
NUMBER AND DISTRIBUTION OF FIRE HYDRANTS
AVERAGE SPACING MAXIMUM DISTANCE FROM
FIRE-FLOW REQUIREMENT MINIMUM NUMBER BETWEEN HYDRANTS°'h,` ANY POINT ON STREET OR ROAD
(gpm) OF HYDRANTS (feet) FRONTAGE TO A HYDRANT"
1,750 or less 1 500 250
2,000-2,250 2 450 225
2,500 3 450 225
3,000 3 400 225
3,500-4,000 4 350 210
4,500-5,000 5 300 180
5,500 6 300 180
6,000 6 250 150
6,500-7,000 7 250 150
7,500 or more 8 or moree 200 120
For SI: 1 foot=304.8 mm,1 gallon per minute=3.785 Lm.
a. Reduce by 100 feet for dead-end streets or roads.
b. Where streets are provided with median dividers which can be crossed by fire fighters pulling hose lines,or where arterial streets are provided with four or more
traffic lanes and have a traffic count of more than 30,000 vehicles per day,hydrant spacing shall average 500 feet on each side of the street and be arranged on an al-
ternating basis up to a fire-flow requirement of 7,000 gallons per minute and 400 feet for higher fire-flow requirements.
c. Where new water mains are extended along streets where hydrants are not needed for protection of structures or similar fire problems,fire hydrants shall be pro-
vided at spacing not to exceed 1,000 feet to provide for transportation hazards.
d.Reduce by 50 feet for dead-end streets or roads.
e. One hydrant for each 1,000 gallons per minute or fraction thereof.
2003 INTERNATIONAL FIRE CODE® 373