HomeMy WebLinkAbout6 Flora and FaunaOutstanding Grasses for Texas Page 1 of1
Table 1. Outs t anding Grasses fo r Texas.
Plant Adaptation Map
R egio n l -East T exas (T exar ka na, Houston , Ty ler, Beaumont, Nacagdoche s) 5
Reg ion 2 -So uth T exas (C orpus Chri sti , Brownsvill e, Laredo, De l Rio)
R egion 3 -Central Texas (A ustin, Waco, Coll ege Station, Sa n Anto nio)
Reg ion 4 -North Central Texas (Dall as, Ft. Worth, Dento n, Wich ita Fall s)
Region 5 -Panhandl e (Amari ll o)
R egion 6 -West Texas (E l Paso, L ubboc k, San Ange lo, Midland, A b il e ne)
Note -P lan ts wi th num ber 7 are adaptabl e to most areas of T exas.
I Common name II Scie ntific n ame B es t adap t ed Notes I fo r
I Be rmudagrass I ICy nodon dacty lon 7
Good droug ht toleran ce; produces dense turf;
I poor shade tolerance ; seed or sod
IBuITa lograss 1 11 Buchloe dactylo ides 3, 4, 5, 6
Exc ellent droug ht to lerance; produc es thin turf;
poor shade tol e rance ; seeded
I Carpetgrass I IAxonopus affinis I
Ada pted to moi st sites; tolerates partia l shade;
ma ny seedhead s; thin turf; seed
lcenti pedegrass I Eremochloa ophiuroide s I
Lo w mainte nance ; to le rates pa rti a l shade; I dro ught tol e ran t; seed or sod I
lst. Aug usti negrass I S tenotaphrum secundatum I , 2 , 3, 4
Prod uce s dense turf; good shade to lerance ; poor
drough t tol e rance ; sodded
j r.ll f=~ I '""'" oroml>~" Unde r irri gation , rema in s gree n y ear-round;
4, 5 good shade tolerance ; poor droug ht to lerance ;
seeded
jz,,,;,""" ll Z,,y,;o 'PP
Produces den se turf; good shade tol e rance ; good
7 drou ght tol e rance; sodded ; varie ti es : Meyer and
E merald
1 Texas na ti ve
http:// aggie-horticul ture. tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table I .html 2/11/2010
Outstanding Vine s an d Groundcovers for T ex a s Page 1 of 2
Table 2. Outstanding Vines and Groundcovers for T exas .
Plant Adaptati on Map
Re gion 1 -Eas t Texas (Texarka na, Houston ,, Tyler, Beaumon t, Na cagdoc hes)
5
Region 2 -So uth Texas (Co rpu s Chri sti, Brow nsvi ll e, Laredo , De l Rio)
Reg io n 3 -Ce ntra l Texas (A ustin, Wac o, Coll ege Stat ion , San Antoni o)
Reg ion 4 -No rth Cen tra l Texas (Dall as , Ft. Worth , Dento n, Wi chita Fall s)
R eg ion 5 -Panhandl e (A marill o)
Reg ion 6 -Wes t Texas (E l Paso, Lu bboc k, Sa n An ge lo, Midla nd, Abi lene)
No te -Pla nts with nu mbe r 7 are adaptable to mos t areas of Texas .
Bes t
I I
Common name Scientific na me ada pte d Exp os ur e2 Notes
fo r
Vines
!Bo ston ivy ll Parthenocissus tricuspida1a II 7 II E ll 0eciduous; fa ll color ; clin gs to wa ll s I
DD Eve rgree n; man y fl owe r co lors; plant
Bo ugainvi ll ea Bo uga in vi llea sp. out doo rs in extreme so uth ern Texas onl y
or prov id e win te r protec tion
ic aro lin a jessamin e llGe /semium sempervirens I , 2, 3, 4 E II Eve rgree n; yellow sprin g fl owers I
!c lemati s ll C!e matis sp. 5 Sh II Bea utiful bloom s; deci duo us vine I
I confederate jas min e I Trac he/ospermum j as minoides I , 2, 3 , 4 E I Eve rgree n; fr agran t white spri ng flow ers
I c oral honeys uck le 1 ll l onicera s empervirens 7 s ll coral flow er in summ er I
I c oral vi ne llAntigonon leptopus I , 2 , 3, 4 , 6 s 11 Pink flow ers in late summ er an d fa ll I
!En glis h ivy ll Hedera helix 7 Sh
I Eve rgree n; gree n or vari egated folia ge ;
shade loving I
IFig ivy II Ficus pum ila (repens) I, 2, 3, 4 E II Eve rgreen; cl ings to wall s I
lrmpro ved trumpet vine I il c ams is radicans 7 E ll orange flow ers in summ er and fa ll I
I Lady Banks ia II Rosa banks ia I , 2 , 3, 4 , 6 s II s pr ing fl owers in ye llo w or white I
!Merm ai d rose II Rosa x bractaeta I, 2 , 3, 4 , 6 s
I Frag rant , pale ye llo w flo we rs; vigorou s
clim be r; pe st res istant I
I Ro sa x fo rtuniana llR osa xfor/un iana I , 2 , 3, 4 , 6 s
I Frag ra nt, white flo wers; vi go rous cl imber ;
pes t res istan t
lsi lverlace vi ne ll Po lygonum aubertii 3 , 4 , 5, 6 E llFluffi y mass es of white fl owe rs I
lv irgini a cree pe r 1 I Pa rth enocis sus qu inquefolia 7 E ll c 1 in gs to wa ll s; fa ll col or I
I w isteria 11 Wis teria sp. 7 E II Blue cl uste rs of flow ers in spr in g I nn Vari ety of color fo lia ge and blue flo we rs;
Goundcovers Aj uga reptans requi res well drain ed soil
http ://agg ie -horticulture .t amu .e d u/ext ension/xeri scape/tabl e2 .html 2/1 1/20 10
Outstanding V ine s and Groundc overs for Texas Page 2 of2
IAjuga II I 11
I Asiatic jasmine ll rrachelospermum asiaticum I , 2, 3 , 4 , 6 E Evergreen ; green or variegated foliage I
jconfederate jasm ine 11 Trache /ospermw n jasminoides I I , 2, 3 E _Eve rg re e n; fra gra nt, wh ite sprin g flow ers
I Eng li sh ivy ll Hedera heli.x 7 Sh Evergreen; gree n or variegated foliage
ILiriope ll Liriope muscari E
Eve rgreen, grass-like foliage; purp le
7
blooms ; varieties: bi g blue, gigantic
!Monkey grass I IOphiopogon japonic11S 7 E
Evergreen, grass-lik e foliage ; dwarf and
standard varieties
Pro strate rosemary ll Rosmarinus officinalis I 2 s
I Gray ish-gree n, fragrant foliage; light blue
flowers
lsantolina I ISam olina sp. 3, 4, 5, 6 s II species w ith g reen or si lve r foliage I
I \Jun iperus sp. II
' I Several var ieties availab le; not su itabl e for
T railing juniper 3, 4, 5, 6 s
wet, h umid areas
lvinca ll Vinca maj or II
7 Sh !!Blue flowers and dark green foliage I
1 Texas native 2 S =Sun; Sh= Full to partial shade ; E =Either
http://aggie-horticulture .t am u .e du/ext ension/xeri scape/tabl e2.html 2/11 /2 010
Outstanding Perennials for Texas Page 1 of 2
Ta bl e 3. O utstan din g Pe re n nial s fo r Te x as.
Plant A daptation Map
Re gion l -Eas t Texas (Texarkana, Hou ston ,, Ty ler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches)
Region 2 -South Texas (Co rpu s Chri sti , Brown svi ll e, Laredo , Del Rio)
R eg ion 3 -Ce ntral Texas {A ustin , Waco , College Station , San Antonio )
R eg ion 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth , Denton , Wichita Falls)
Region 5 -Pan handl e (Amarillo )
Re gion 6 -West Texas (El Paso , Lubbock , San Angelo , Mid land , Abilene)
No te -Plants wi th number 7 are adaptable to mo st areas of Texas .
Common
name
Scient ific
name
Best
ada pted
fo r
Exposure2 Flower
co l or F lowerin g I Hei ht I season g
!Autumn sage l 2, 3, 4 , 6 S I :~t~~red , pink , lspring to fa ll II 2-3 ft I
::======!:=:======::=:======:0ft
Ba by s un/s unray I Late spring,
co reop sis 1 Co reopsis g randiflora 7 S Yellow , orange summ er
:======:
I Bearded iris ll1ris xiphio ides 7 E ll Man y lls prin g
:======::=======~
!Blue plumbag~ I P/11mbago auriculata I, 2 , 3 E ll Blue, white ll s umm er, fa ll :======::=========::::!
!Bouncing bet ll Sapinaria officinali s 7 E ll Pink ll summer :======::=========::::!
!c igar plant I C11ph ea micropetala 1, 2, 3 E II Red/ye llow ll summer, fa ll
:======::=======~
ln ay lil y ll Hemerocallis sp. 7 S ll Many ll spring, s ummer
:=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~====~:::=====:::::
IFirebush ll Hameliapatens 1, 2, 3 S llReddi sh-o range ll s um mer, fa ll
:=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~=====::::=====:::::
I I I Ye llo w, red, pink , I ~
Garden can na Ca nna x genera/is 7 E . sa lm on . Sum mer ~
:=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~=====::;:::::::=====:
.1Goldsturm rudbeckia I Rudbeckia x golds turm 7 S II Ye llow ll s umm er 2 ft :===========::======: :======~~===::::!
Hinc kley 's co lum bin e 1 A q11ilegia hi nckley ana I 2 , 3, 5 II Sh ll Ye ll ow ll sprin g
:======~~===::::!
l1ndian blanket 1 I lcaillardia sp. 11 7 11 S II Reddish-ye llow ll spring to fall
:=======~ ~=======::;:::::::=====:
ILantan a 1 ll lantana sp . II I, 2, 3, 6 II S llMany ll spnng to fall I
:=======~
lrisfitlvax lris DDEJEJD lgig anticaeru/ea x Iris 7 E Many Sp ri ng 3 ft
l,fo/iosa
:=======~
I I II II I Bl h.t Spring, summe r, ~
Mea ly cup sage 1 Salviafarinacea 1, 2 , 3, 4 , 6 S pu~iew 1 e, fa ll ~
ll Salvia g reggii
Louisiana iris
1-3 ft
3 ft
1-2 ft
3-4 ft
1-3 ft
3-5 ft
18 in
18 in
1-2 ft
I Mexican oregano I Po/i omentha /ongiflora I 1, 2 , 3 , 6 II S ll Pink llsummer II 1-2 ft j
!M exican sage ll Salvia /e11 cantha II 2, 3 II S llBlue. · 11Sp rin g to fall II 3-4 ft I c::-1 C""""~";d//o;o nn Yo ll ow ,o~go ;::~:;io & Fl
http:// aggie-horticulture. tamu. edu/ extension/xeriscape/tab 1 e3 .html 2/11 /2010
Outstanding Perennials for Texas Page 2 of2
lzagreb co reo psi s 1
II II II I
IPavo ni a 1 ll Pavonia /asiopetala l , 2, 3 E II Pink ll spring to fall 3-4 ft I
!Perennial ve rbe na 1 11 Ve rbena sp . l , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 s II Man y ll sprin g to fall 6 in - l ft I
'Pi nk rain lil y 1
I Zephy ranthes
7 E ll Pi nk II summ er G grandiflora
!P urple coneflowe r 1 I Ec hinacea angus cifo/ia 7 s ·JlPurp le tlsprin g to fall 18 in I
I Ro se mary I Rosmarinus officinalis I , 2, 3, 4 , 6 E ll s lue ll s um mer, fall l-4 ft
I Society garli c I lr ulb aghia violacea II 7 E II Lave nd er ll spring to fa ll 18 in
!sweet vio let II Vio la odorata II 7 Sh ll Purp le -ll winter, sp ri ng 6-8 in
IWhite rain lily 1 I Zephy ranthes candida I l , 2, 3 , 4 , 6 E llWhite II summer I ft
Grasses DD Q Big bluestem 1
Andropogon gerardii Summ er , fall
!F ountain grass I Pen nisetum ruppe/ii 7 s !s umm er II 3 ft I
IMuhl y grass 1
I Mueh/enbergia
2, 3 , 4 , 6 s /s umm er 10 lindhe im eri
!Pampas grass I lcorcaderia se/loana 7 s !summ er, fa ll II 7 ft I
I Purpl e autumn grass ll Miscanthus s inens is 7 s I summ er II 3-4 ft I
lsideoats gram ma 1 I Bouteloua curtipendu/a 7 s I s umm er II 2-3 ft I
1Texas native 2 S =Sun ; Sh= Full to partial shade ; E =Eith er
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ extension/xeri scape/tabl e3 .html 211112010
Outstanding Shrubs for Texas Page 1of3
Table 4~ Outstanding Shrubs for Texas.
Plant Adaptation Map
R egion I -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston ,, Ty ler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches)
Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Chri sti , Brownsville, Laredo , Del Rio)
R egion 3 -Ce ntral Texas (Austin, Waco , College Station, San Antonio)
Reg ion 4 -No rth Central Texas (Da llas, Ft. Worth , Denton , Wichita Falls)
R eg ion 5 -Panhandl e (Amarillo )
Reg ion 6 -West Texas (E l Paso , Lubbock , San Angelo , Midland, Abilene)
No te -Plants wi th number 7 are adaptab le to most areas of Texas .
I Common name II Scientific name I Best
: adapted for Exposure2 I Notes
!D warf Shrub s (1 to 3 feet tall)
ID warfburford holl y I fl ex co rnuta rotunda burfordii I 7 E ll Glossy eve rgree n fol iage
I Dwarf Chinese holl y I IJ/ex co rnuta rotunda II 7 E ll Glossy evergreen foliage
I Dwarf pittospo rum I Pittosporum tobira wheeleri I I , 2 , 3 E i lsmall, round evergreen
IDwarfyaupon holl y 1 ll nex vomitoria nana 7 E ll Glossy eve rgreen fo li age
Nandina : harbour dwarf, gulf stream , I
nana Nandina sp . 7 I E I Reddish eve rgree n foliage
I
I Red yucca 1 I IHesperaloe parvifolia 7 II s ll Red flowers on tall spikes I
I Ro semary I Rosmarinus ojjicinalis I, 2 , 3, 4 , 6 II s
I Fragra nt blui sh-green fo liage ; I
bl ue flowe rs; herb
!small Shrubs (3 to 5 feet tall) I
I Barberry I Berberis thunbergii atropurpurea I I, 3, 4 , 5, 6 II s I IRed evergree n foliage I
Spirea cantoniensis DD Sprawling ; fem-like; white
Bridal wreath sp irea spring blooms
(S. reevesiana)
IChi oo rn~ I Rreo <h;M"';' BD Hard y; long-blooming ; pest
resistant; varieties : Old Blu sh
(p ink) and Cramoisi Superior
(red)
I Dwarf burford holl y I ~lex cornuta rohmda burfordii I. 7 II E II Glossy evergree n foliage I
I Dwarf palmetto 1 I !Sabal minor II I , 2 , 3 , 4 , 6 II E I ITrunkless, bushy pa lm I
DD Deciduous shrub; spring
Flowering quince Chaenomele s japonica blooming (red, pink, white or
orange)
!Glossy abe lia I IAbelia grandiflora II 7 II E
I Bronze eve rgreen foliage and
white flower s
IGrayleaf cotoneaster llcoto neaster g laucophylla
II
I , 3, 4 , 5, 6
II
E I Spraw ling evergreen shrub;
http ://aggie -horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeri scape/t ab le4.html 211112010
Outstanding Shrubs for Texas Page 2of3
II I du sty gray foliage I
I Ind ian hawthome ll Raphiolepis indica 7 E
Spring flowering ; blu e berries
in fall ; evergreen
!J apanese boxwoo d I IB1ccus japonica 7 E Evergreen foliage
!Juniper I IJu niperus s p. I, 3, 4 , 5, 6 s Tough , eve r gr~n shrub ; many
va rieties ava il able
INandina compact I Nandina domestica compacta 7 E
Reddish evergreen foliage and
red fall berries
ITffi <0re I ·~·-·'· BO Hardy ; lon g-bloom ing ; pest
resistant; excellent varieties :
Mrs . B.R. Cant (rose), Mrs .
Dudl ey Cross (yellow) and
Du chesse de Brandant (pink)
jMedium Shrubs (6 to 9 feet tall) I
IA..,;•' I Mohoo;o •ifoho• EJD Holly-like evergree n folia ge ;
ye llow sprin g flow ers; red
edibl e berries
I Althea ll Hibiscus syriacas
II
7
II
s I Upright; deciduous ; many
colors ; summer blooming
I Burford holly ll nex cornuta burfordii II 7 II E II Glossy eve rgreen foliage I
GD Dusty gray evergreen fo liage ;
blooms throughout summer;
Central Texas sage 1 leucophyllwn sp. several new varieties: Green-
cloud (green foliage) and
other T AMU releases
lc hinese horned holl y I Ir/ex co rn uta II 7 E I lo tossy everg reen foliage I
IEleagnus I E/eagn11sfn1itlandi
I
7 s I Evergreen with gray ish-green
foliage
I Forsythia I Forsyth ia intermedia spectabilis I, 3 , 4 , 5, 6 E ll Yellow sprin g flowers I
I Fraser photinia I IPhotinia x.fraseri 7 E ll Red new foliage ; evergreen I
I Glossy abel ia I IAbelia grandiflora I, 3, 4 , 5, 6 E
I Bronze evergree n fo liage ;
white or pink flowers
jo ree n pittospo rum ll Pillosporum tob ira I, 2 , 3, 4 , 6 E ll Large eve rgree n sh ru b I
lln d ian hawtho m e ll Raphiolepis indica 7 I E
I Spring flowerin g ; blue berries
in fa ll ; evergree n
I Ita lian jasmine ll Ja sminum hwni/e 7 s I Sprawling eve rgreen; ye ll ow
summ er flowers
!Juniper I IJunipems sp. I , 3, 4 , 5, 6 s I Tough eve rgreen ; many
varieties
INandina I INandina domestica 7 E
I Reddish evergreen foliage ; red
fa ll berries
IPom ogram" I P=k• "'""'""" BD Large, upri ght shrub ; o ran ge
bl ooms ; edible fruit ; dwarf
va riety : Chi co
!variegated pittosporum Pillosporwn tobira variegata
11
I, 2 , 3 , 4 , 6
II
E
I Green/white variegated
evergreen shrub
!winter honeysuckle I lonicerafragrantissima
I
7
II
E
I Fragrant. clusters of white
flowers m wmter
jLarge Shrubs ( 10 to 25 feet tall) I
h~~rican holly 1 Il l/ex opaca
II
I II s I Tree-form holl y; eve rgreen
fo li age ; red berries
I II II II JI Eve rg ree n for speci men and I
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape /table4.html 2111/2010
Outstanding Shrubs for Te xas Page 3 of 3
!Arizona cypress I lcupressus ari=onica I, 3, 4, 5, 6 s ll windbreak plantings I
/califomia fan pa lm 11 Was hingtonia filifera I, 2, 3 s ll Tree-like pal m I
/cherry laurel 1 ll P nmus carolinia na !, 2, 3, 4, 6 E ll Tree-like evergree n shrub I
!Chin ese photi nia I Pho tinia serrulata I, 3, 4, 5, 6 E
I Evergree n; red spri ng fo li age ;
white sp ring bloo ms
I c,.,,, myrtl. I lngm~ml• '"""° DD Shrubby to tree-like ; summ er
bloomi ng; man y flowe r co lors
available
!Lilac I lsyringa vulgaris
II
5
II
s I Deciduou s blooming shru b;
adapted to alkaline soil
!Mock orange I Philadelphus coronarius
I
I, 5 II s I Fragrant white bloo ms in late
spring
1 01~"'" I""'""' .. , ... "'" BD Eve rgreen fo li age ; summer
bl oom ing ; man y co lors
avai lab le
IP=="'•' II n .. "''"'"' IBD Deciduous holl y; red to
orange be rri es pe rsist through
earl y winte r
!··~"" ,i;~ I " ... ,,. ...... ,,.., .. ,, .. GD Gray foliage ; ye llow flower s;
evergree n fo r windb reak
pl antings
1Texas mountain laur el 1 Sophora secundiflora 2,3,6 E
I Tree-like eve rgreen shrub;
I purp le sp ring flowe rs
!Texas palmetto 1 ll .sabal texana I, 2, 3, 6 s I ITall , native Texas pa lm I
I T~xas persimmo n 1 ll Diospyros texana 2,3,6 s I Tree-like; light gray tru nk;
fruit edible by anima ls
IVit ex 11 Vitex agnus-castus 7 s I Tree-like ; flowers bl ue or
whi te; summe r blooming
!Washington hawthorn I Crataegus phaenopyrum 5 s I Mapl e-shaped leaves ; white
flow er; red berries
lwindmill palm 11 Tra chycarpus fo rtunei I, 2, 3, 4 , 6 s ll Tree-like; fibrous ba rk I
IYa upon holl y 1 I lllex vomitoria 7 E
I Upright eve rgree n, sp in eless
holly; red to ora nge be rr ies
I Te xas native 2 S =Sun ; Sh= Fu ll to partia l shade ; E =Eit her
http://agg ie -horticulture.tamu .edu/extension/xeriscape/table4.html 2/11 /20 10
Outstanding trees for Texas Page 1 of 2
T able 5. Outstanding Trees for Texas.
Plant Adaptation Map
Region I -East T exas (Texarkana, Houston ,, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches)
Region 2 -South Texas (Co rpus Chri sti, Brownsville, Laredo, De l Rio)
Region 3 -Central Texas (A ustin , W aco , College Statio n, Sa n Antonio)
Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth , Denton, Wichita Falls)
Region 5 -Panhandl e (Amari llo )
Region 6 -West Texas (E l Paso, Lubbock , San Angelo, Midl a nd , Abilene)
No te -Plants with num ber 7 are adaptab le to most a reas of Texas .
I Comm on name II Sc ientific n ame I
Bes t
I Notes I ad ap ted fo r
!small Trees (20 to 35 feet tall) I
!American plum llPrunus ame ricana
II
5
I White blooms in spring ; so ur fruit good fo r
I ·e ll y
!Aristocrat pear II Pyros calleryana 'Aristoc raf II
I , 3, 4 , 5, 6 ll spring nowers; fall co lor I
!B radford pear ll Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford' II
I , 3, 4 , 5, 6 II Spring nowe rs; fall color I
lcanaert redcedar 1 ll11m iperus virginiana II 7 II Evergreen fo r specimen o r windbreak I
!Chin ese pistac he ll Pistacia chin ensis 7 II spreading cano py ; fall co lor I
I crabapple llMallus sp. I , 3, 4 , 5, 6 ll spring noweri ng tree ; many varieties I
!Desert wi ll ow 1 ll Chilopsis lineari s 2, 3, 4 , 5 , 6
ll Snapdragon-like nowe rs in s umm er; willow-
lik e fo li age
IDogwood 1 llcornusjlorida I I
I I Graceful tree ; large s prin g blooms of white
and pink ·
I Eld arica pine ll Pinus e/dari ca 2 ,3 ,4 ,6
II Best pine for a lkaline soils; Chri stmas tree-
sha ped
IFan d'Arc osage oran ge ll Macl ura pomifera 'Fan d'Arc' 7 ll1mp roved fr uitl ess se lection I
IHoney mesquite 1 ll Prosopis g landulosa 2,3 ,4,6 II Lacy spreading form
I
!Japanese black pine lk inus thzmb ergii 7 llRounded small tree; adapted to a lkalin e soi ls
!Japanese persim mon ll Diospyros kaki I 7 II Edible showy fruit ; glossy gree n foliage -1
!Mexican plum 1 ll Pnmus mexicana 7 II Fragrant s pring nowe rs; attractive trunk I
INanking cheny ll Prunus lomentosa 5 ll Tough, fruiti ng, shrubby tree I
I Panicl ed go ld e n raintree llKoelreuteria paniculata 3, 4 , 5, 6 11 Showy no we rs an d seed pods I
IPink lady e uonymu s ll E uo ny mus bungeanus 5
ll Alkaline-tol e rant; deciduous; l ight gree n
fo liage ; showy seeds in fa ll
1Redbud 1 ll cercis sp II 7
ll Spring blooming ; excellent varieties:
Oklahoma a nd Forest Pansy
II 11 II I
http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table5 .html 2/11 /2010
Outstanding trees for Texas Page 2 of2
ls 1as h pine 1 I IPinus elli ottii I ll Evergreen pine
jsoapberry 1 ll Sapindus drum mondii 7 ll Fall color
.~
ITexas ebony 1 I IPithecel/obium jlexica u/e 2 ll Airy foliage and flowers
jwi!d olive 1 llcorida boissieri 2 II White flowe rs and bold fo li age
!Large Trees (above 35 feet tall)
!Austrian black pine lkinus nigra 5 ll Adapted to wind and cold
I Bald cyp ress 1 ll Taxodium distichum I, 2 , 3 , 4 , 6
llDeciduous coni fer ; fine textured fo liage; fall I
co lor.
ls1ack walnut 1 ll Juglans nigra I , 5 11 Good tree but tends to be me ssy
IB!ue spruce ll Picea punge ns 'Glauca' 5 ll Grayish-b lu e ne edles
lsur oak 1 ll Quercus macrocarpa 7 II Bold fo li age ; huge acorns
lcedar elm 1 11 Ulmus crassifolia 7 llupri ght growth habit ; good stree t tree
lchinqua pin oak 1 ll Querc us muhlenbergii I , 2, 3, 4 , 6 II Round-topped tree; bold foliage
lneodar ced~r llcedrus deodora 7 II Bluish-green conifer I
!H ac kberry 1 ll Ce ltis occidenta/is 5
II Variety 'Shade master' particularly
recommended for area 5
IHoney locust llc/editsia triacanthos 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6 I IThornless varieties availab le
I Kentucky coffee tree I IGymnoc/adus dioica 5 II upright tree ; fine textured foliage
I Lace bark elm llU7mus parvifo/ia 7 ll Textured ba rk; spreading shade tree
ILive oak 1 ll Quercus virginiana I , 2, 3, 4 , 6 II Evergreen shade tree
ILobloll y pine 1 ll Pinus taeda I II Evergreen pine I
~ecan 1 ll carya illinoensis 7 llstate tree ; edible nu ts I
I Pond erosa pine ll Pintis ponderosa 5 II Bu shy, attractive tr ee I
lshumard oak 1 ll Quercus shumardii !, 2 , 3, 4 , 5 II Fall color I
I southern magno li a 1 ''Magno lia grandijlora I
II Bold evergree n tree ; large white blooms
throughout summer
lsweetgum 1 I ILiquidamber styracijlua I ll upright growth habit; fall color I
I Texas red oak 1 I IQuerczis texana II 7 II Fall color I
lwateroak 1 llQ11erc11s nig ra II
I II Holds foliage well into winter I
1 Texas native
http:// aggie-horticul ture. tamu.edu/ extension/xeriscape/table5 .html 2/11 /2010
Back to the Basics:
Grass Growth & How Grasses
Respond to Def oliation1
Ronald E. Sosebee & Changgui Wan 2
Dept. of Range, Wildlife, & Fisheries Management
Texas Tech University
Lubbock, TX 79409
Rangelands in the U.S . are in better range condition than they have
been •in a hundred years• (Box and Malecheck 1987). However, the
impact of droughts throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and most
recently the drought of the 1990s and early 2000s, as well as
improper grazing have severely impacted our forage resources.
(Weather cycles and drought probably have a greater effect on
vegetation changes with which we are familiar than overgrazing.
Improper grazing exacerbates the problem, but does not cause the
problem.) One of the most basic and fundamental principles that we
as resource managers and livestock producers should understand is
how grasses grow and how they respond to defoliation. We submit to
you that if we plan our grazing management schemes for the benefit
of the grasses, they will respond favorably to grazing (or OftY other
form of defoliation), even during and following droughts.
In the best interest of our forage resources, two premises that we
want to mention at the outset are: 1) as resource managers, we must
plan for a period of no grazing at a time when the plants can
1 Presented at the Ammal Meeting of the Texas Section -SRM. 2004; Kenville, Texas.
2 Phone: 806-742-2841 ; Fax: 806-742-2280 ; e-mail: ronsosebee@ttu .edu , changgui .wan@ttu.edu .
I
rejuvenate themselves, recruit tillers, and store energy necessary to
support the subsequent year's growth and 2) that the proper amount
of residual herbage must be left throughout the non-growing season.
Emphasis in this paper is on the forage resource, the grass plant, not
the grazing animal. However, we must plan grazing management
schemes to accommodate the grazing animal, but not at the expense
of the forage resource if we want the grasses to remain healthy and
vigorous and if we want range condition (range health) to improve.
Perhaps one of the most fundamental principles of grass morphology
that we as resource mangers must understand is long-/short-shoot
(Dahl and Hyder 19n, Dahl 1995) production (Figure 1). The
---
Figure 1. Vegetative growth, short-shoots (two
illustrations on the left), in sea oats (Unio/a paniculata)
and reproductive growth, long-shoots (two illustrations on
the right), in bitter panicum (Panicum amarum) (Dahl and
Hyder 1977).
2
simplest relationship of grass morphology is that the short-shoots in
herbaceous plants represent the vegetative stage of phenological
development. And, the long-shoots represent the reproductive stage
of phenological development. The basic physiology of grass
production, as with all plants, follows the plant's phenological
development. When perennial grasses are in the short-shoot stage
and the internodes are compressed (Figure 2), they are in the
vegetative stage. During the early portion of the annual
·-------------
Leaf Sheath
·---------
Apical
Meri stem
Axillary Bud
figure 2. Compressed internodes of the vegetative
stage and tiller initiation in a grass plant (Briske 1991).
growth cycle (regardless of whether the grass species is warm-or
3
cool-season), perennial grasses can be defoliated (grazed3 , hayed, or
mowed) rather intensively without permanent damage to the plant, as
long as the apical meristem remains unharmed (Waller et al. 1985,
Briske 1991, Briske and Richards 1995). However, as soon as the
phenological development shifts from the short-shoot to the long-
shoot stage, before anyone can visibly detect internode elongation,
physiology of the plant shifts its energy allocation to the reproductive
tissues that comprise the long-shoot stage.
Early reports and conventional wisdom, or intuition, indicate that
intensive use of perennial grasses soon after •green-up" is detrimental
to the plant's health and vigor. However, the concept of Intensive-
Early Stocking (IES) developed by Owensby (19n) in Kansas
challenges reduced grazing immediately after •green-up". Upon
further examination of early reports by McCarty and Price (1942)
from which our long-held tradition emanates, one finds that their data
also support protection from grazing later in the growing season.
During the past 4 or 5 decades, we have largely drifted away from the
basics of grass morphology in planning grazing management schemes.
Some of the earlier literature that addresses grass morphology dates
back to Branson (1953) and Rechenthin (1956). Shortly thereafter,
Dr. Don Hyder's research group in USDA-ARS, including Dr. David
Briske with whom I am delighted to share the podium at this annual
meeting, emphasized grass morphology and grazing management
3 All grazing in this presentation refers to proper grazing unless otherwise noted.
4
research. Also included in that group was Dr. Bill Dahl who was our
colleague and mentor. Dr. Hyder's group reported on the importance
of grass morphology in relation to the various environmental
conditions, including defoliation.
If we may refer yet one more time to Pitelka's (19n) research (Table
1), we shall take the liberty to extrapolate his results from three
species of Lupines to include energy allocation within grasses as well.
Table 1. Energy allocation of lupinus_species by growth habit.
(Adapted from Pitelka 19n).
Lannus L variicolor L arboreus
(Annual) (Perennial (Shrub)
herb)
Reproductive
Tissues 61 18 20
Seeds 29 5 6
Stems 50
Roots 3-4 40
We note from the energy allocations in the annual cycles of each of
the characteristic growth habits that the reproductive process
demands a significant amount of energy; not seed production, but, the
reproductive tissues of the flowering process. One of the myths
with which we labor in range management is the value of seed
production in climax or late-seral perennial plants. With the
exception of grasslands that occur in geographic regions with PE
ratios >1.0 (which only includes the Tallgrass or True Prairie and
s
excludes all other grasslands in the U.S.), climax, K-selected, or late-
seral grasses rely primarily on asexual rather than sexual
reproduction. Certainly, perennial grasses must produce seed
sometime, but not annually. By definition, the nearer a species is to
being a r-selected species, the more the individual plants depend upon
seed production for survival from one year to the next.
After •green-up•, perennial grasses usually produce a number of
•basa1• leaves when the plants are in the short-shoot or vegetative
stage. As long as these grasses are not grazed below the apical
meristem or the primary growing point (Figure 2), these grasses are
not substantially damaged. Although these grasses reportedly use
75% of their stored energy to produce 10% of the new year's growth
(McCarty and Price 1942), they have enough photosynthetic tissue to
replenish the energy that is lost through grazing, or some other form
of defoliation (Nofal et al. 2004).
As soon as the internodes begin to elongate in perennial grasses,
however, the plants shift from the short-shoot to the long-shoot
stage, and the physiology of the plants change just as dramatically and
quickly. The photosynthetic activity no longer supports vegetative
production (basal leaves), but rather the energy is allocated to the
reproductive process. During the reproductive stage, the •00sa1•
leaves senesce and only a few flowering culms and their leaves remain
viable and continue to grow. Grazing during this period can be
detrimental to perennial grasses, but not necessarily ·life
6
threatening•. Certainly, if environmental conditions are conducive for
seed production (i.e., a wet year), grazing during the reproductive
stage can severely limit the amount of seed produced.
The period following the reproductive stage is one of the most
(McCarty and Price 1942), if not the most (Sosebee et al. 2004,
Sosebee and Wan 2004), critical in the annual cycle of perennial
grasses. It is during the period between the reproduction stage and
dormancy or quiescence4 that perennial grasses recruit tillers and
store energy in their stem bases. As a general rule, perennial grasses
again become vegetative after reproduction and produce short-shoots
and more basal leaves. It is the energy produced by these basal
leaves that stores energy for the new tillers. Therefore, it is the
period between post-reproduction to dormancy during which perennial
grasses periodically must be protected from grazing, or any other
form of defoliation, to insure their long-term viability and survival.
Likewise, planned grazing management during dormancy or quiescence
is equally as important as protection from grazing during the post-
reproductive to dormancy period (Bill Dahl, personal communication).
To the inattentive listener or the non-astute hearer, the concept of
planned grazing during dormancy makes little sense. However, we have
known for many years that some minimum amount of residual herbage
must be left throughout dormancy. (Just because the grasses are not
.. Dormancy is the phonological stage in which the plant will not respond or seed will not germinate even if
the environmental conditions are appropriate. Quiescence, on the other hand, is a resting stage in which the
plants will respond and seeds will germinate if the enviroomental conditions become conducive .
7
actively growing does not mean that they can tolerate excessive
defoliation.) Bement (1971) noted that 300 lb/ac of residual herbage
must be left at the end of the growing season for blue grama to be
productive during the subsequent growing season. White (1999)
reported minimum amounts of residual herbage that should be left
throughout dormancy to maintain vigor and productivity of short-,
mid-, and tall-grasses (Table 2).
Table 2. Resid~I herbage that should be
left throughout the dormancy period for
vigorous and healthy grasses (White 1995).
Residual
Herbage
(lb/ac)
Shortgrasses 300-500
Midgrasses 750-1,000
Tallgrasses 1,200-1,500
Over the years, we have attributed the importance of residual
herbage during the dormant period to a number of reasons, not the
least of which is to provide insulation against freezing temperatures
during the winter. Protection from freezing temperatures is
important, but this reason does not address the importance of having
residual herbage during dormancy in south Texas (or anywhere else in
the South or Southeast) where the temperatures often do not drop
8
below the freezing mark. Seemingly, the value of residual herbage
that is of paramount importance is that it is the basal crowns and
stem bases in which tillers are rem..ited and energy is stored for
tiller growth during subsequent growing seasons.
So, what are the implications of grass growth in grazing management,
haying, or mowing highway rights-of-way? Grazing management
•systems• and schemes that are not planned around the principles of
grass growth that allows grasses to respond to defoliation are doomed
to fail from the perspective of the health and vigor of desirable
perennial grasses. Some of our grazing management systems have
been successful, from the plant's perspective, for reasons other than
those to which we have attributed their success. The deferred-
rotation system that was first reported by Sampson (1913) and later
modified by Hormay and Evanko (1958) has been successful in
improving the health and vigor of the perennial bunchgrasses in the
Intermountain and Pacific Northwest Regions, and consequently,
improving range condition in those areas. But, range improvement was
not necessarily the result of •no grazing• that was designed to allow
for seed production. During most years only few viable seeds are
produced in climax and late-seral grasses in arid and semi-arid
rangelands. Also, environmental conditions for seed germination are
not commonly conducive in arid and semi-arid areas during most years.
Yet, range conditions continue to improve under the deferred-rotation
system presumably because the perennial grasses are protected from
grazing or defoliation during the post-reproduction to the dormancy
9
stage for 1-2 years consecutively. And, the basal crowns and stem
bases are left as part of the residual herbage from which new tillers
can be recruited and supplied with sufficient energy for growth
during the subsequent growing season.
The 3-herd/4-pasture rotation system (commonly known as the
Merrill System) is very successful at improving the health and vigor of
desirable perennial grasses and, at the same time, improving range
condition. Every pasture in the System is protected from grazing
during the post-reproduction to dormant stage 1 year out of every 4
years (Merrill 1954).
As resource managers, resource ecologists, and livestock owners, we
should plan grazing management schemes around the health and vigor
of our desired perennial grasses. Any •system" will be successful
from the viewpoint of grass management if it is planned for the
benefit of the grasses, not necessarily for the convenience of the
manager or the operator. Grass response and range •recovery" can be
quite rapid once a scheme is put into place that benefits the desired
perennial grasses, even following a drought. In addition to properly
defoliating the grasses, the other caveat that determines the rate of
response is ·rainfall". If perennial grasses are protected from
grazing periodically from post-reproduction to dormancy and if the
proper amount of residual herbage is left throughout dormancy, and
the amount of annual precipitation is average, or greater, grass
response will often occur within 1 year. Biomass production and
10
ground cover will also significantly increase within the first year, and
range condition will improve over time.
Additional benefits derived from protecting peretinial grasses from
grazing at the appropriate time and increasing ground cover includes
increased infiltration and decreased annual weed problems. When all
things are considered, one cannot afford to not provide for a period
of •no grazing• of their perennial grasses during the post-
reproduction to dormancy period. If we take care of our forage
resource, our range will take care of us.
References
Box, T.W. and J.C. Malecheck. 1987. Grazing on the American Rangelands.
Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Proc.
38:107-118.
Bement, R.E. 1971. Management of blue grama ranges, p. 1. In, Ninth Ranch
Management Conf., Proc. ICASALS Contribution No. 101. Texas Tech
University.
Branson, F.A. 1953. Two factors affecting resistance of grass to grazing.
J. Range Manage. 6:165-171.
Briske, D.D. 1991. Development morphology and physiology of grasses, p.
85-108. In, R.k. Heitschmidt and J .W. Stuth (eds), Grazing
Monangement. Portland, OR .
11
Briske, D.D. and J .H. Richards. 1995. Plant responses to defoliation: a
physiological, morphological, and demographic evaluation, p. 635-710.
In, D.J. Bedunah and R.E. Sosebee (eds.), Wild/and Plants:
Physiological Ecology and developmental Morphology. Soc. for Range
Management. Denver, CO.
Dahl, B.E. 199!5. Developmental morphology of plants, p. 22-58. In, D.J.
Bedunah and R.E. Sosebee (eds.), Wild/and Plants: Physiological
Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. for Range Management.
Denver, CO.
Dahl, B.E. and D.N. Hyder. 19n. Developmental morphology and
management implications, p. 257-290. In, R.E. Sosebee (ed.),
Rangeland Plant Physiology. Portland, OR.
Hormay, A.C. and A.B. Evanko. 1958. Rest-rotation grazing: a management
system for bunchgrass ranges. U.S.D.A. For. and Range Exp. Misc.
Pub. 27.
McCarty, E.C. and R. Price. 1942. Growth and carbohydrate content of
important mountain forage plants in central Utah as affected by
clipping and grazing. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 818. 50 p.
Merrill, L.B. 1954. A variation of deferred rotation grazing for use under
southwest range condition. J. Range Manage. 7:152-154.
Nofal, H.R., R.E. Sosebee, C. Wan, J. Borrelli, R. Zartman, and C. MeKenney.
2004 (In PresS). Mowing highway rights-of-way effects on
carbohydrates and tiller density in selected grasses. J. Range
Manage.
Owensby, C.E., E.F. Smith, and J.R. Rains. 19n. Carbohydrates and nitrogen
reserve cycle for continuous, season-long, and intensive-early stocked
12
Flint Hill bluestem ranges. J. Range Manage. 30:258-260.
Pitelka, LF. 19n. Energy allocation in annual and perennial lupines (LupinU$.
Leguminosae). Ecology 58:1055-1065.
Rechenthin, C.A. 1956. Elementary morphology of grass growth and it
affects utilization. J. Range Manage. 9: 167-170.
Sampson, A.W. 1913. Range Improvement by deferred and rotation grazing.
U.S.D.A. Bull. 34:1-16.
Sosebee, R.E. and C. Wan. 2004 (In Press). Plant ecophysiology: selected
applications to range management. In, Progress in Grassland Scienc&
Sosebee, R.E., D.B. Wester, J.C. Villalobos, C.M. Britton, C. Wan, and H.
Nofal. 2004 (In Press). How grasses grow -how plant growth relates
to grazing management. 2nd Nat'I Conference on Grazing Lands, Proc.
Nashville, TN.
Waller, S.S., L.E. Moser, and P.E. Reece. 1985. Understanding grass growth:
the key to profitable livestock production. Trabon Printing Co., Inc.
Kansas Ctiy, MO. 20 p.
White, L.D. 1999. Do you have enough forage? Texas Ag. Ext. Ser. Leaflet
L-5141. College Station, TX. 4 p.
13
•
rage l or L
~EDUCATION '~jJ
Texas: The State of Nature
Introd1!!<.tio11
Environmcnl{ll PreS§fil~
Loss of B.abitfil
Introduction
Texas is one of the most ecologically diverse states in the nation. Rugged desert mountains along the south and west ... Sandy beaches
embracing the Gulf of Mexico ... Rolling grasslands and prairies in the north giving way to rich eastern pine forests ... Limestone
boulder, live oaks and bluebonnets gracing the Central Texas hill country ... Rugged sagebrush and mesquite country of western movie
fame ... Blacldand prairies ... Eighty thousand miles of rivers and streams ...
And the wildlife! With over 5,000 native vascular plants, 1,200 native vertebrates, and 90 terrestrial natural communities, Texas
boasts one of the richest faunas and floras in the nation. Many Texas plants and animals are found nowhere else in the world.
Environmental Pressures
Texas is also facing increasing pressures on natural resources, particularly population growth and urbaniz.ation. These pressures will
result in more pronounced exploitation of plant, fish and wildlife resources; further loss and fragmentation of habitat; and decline in
the quality of remaining habitat.
Water development projects and increased domestic, agricultural and industrial water use will reduce habitat quality and quantity,
resulting in altered ecosystems, eftluent dominated streamflows that threaten aquatic life, and loss of associated wetlands and
bottomland hardwoods.
Urbaniz.ation and agricultural development will also threaten Texas' species and critical habitats. For example, some types of
brushlands and prairies, which provide essential habitats for numerous species, have already been virtually eliminated.
Loss offish and wildlife habitat represents Texas Parks and Wildlife's greatest environmental concern and guides our resource
management, educational, and private landowner assistance programs.
Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat
I
Rivers and Streams
I Habitat II Status II Future
Eighty thousand miles of rivers Texas, which had only one natural lake, Caddo, now has over Continued water development,
and streams in Texas support 190 reservoirs that provide important recreational and fisheries diversions and flood control
unique and valuable aquatic benefits. However, 30% of Texas native fish are endangered or will increasingly impact this
communities, reservoirs, and extinct primarily because of that development. Native species are habitat. Pollution from
provide freshwater inflows, also endangered due to changes in their habitat resulting from wastewater, non-point sources
nutrients and sediments to the introduction of non-indigenous species. Changes in annual and spills are ongoing threats.
estuaries. flooding patterns and interrupted flow impact both riverine and
estuarine ecosystems.
I
I
http://www. tpwd. state. tx. us/edu/texas/env95 .htm 07117/2001
I
Springs and Spring Runs
I
I Habitat II Status II Future I
Due to their unique characteristics A significant number of Texas springs have gone dry from Increasing pressures on
(constant temperature, clear water and man's activities Overpumping of groundwater for irrigation groundwater and aquifers
in some cases isolation from and human use has led to lowering of groundwater tables and will continue to impact
connecting watercourses), these decreased or ceased spring discharge (the Edward1s aquifer is existing springs affecting
habitats are natural settings for many one example). Texas historically had 281 major springs. By associated flora and fauna .
rare and unusual species. I 973 only 2 of 4 very large and 17 of 31 large springs were
still flowing .
I
Bottomland Hardwoods
I
I Habitat II Status II Future I
Texas' most diverse terrestrial habitat is Over 60% has been lost to agricultural Additional water development, new
bottomland hardwoods. An estimated 16 conversion, timber production, urban I technologies in the use of hardwood pulp,
million acres of riparian (river I stream industrial development, and reservoir and forestry practices threaten this habitat,
associated) t habitat existed in early Texas. construction. especially in East Texas.
I Coastal Wetlands
I
I Habitat II Status II Future I
The most important estuarine habitat since Some 53% of al 1 United States wetlands have been lost to Coastal development,
90% of commercially and recreationally dredge and fill for development, subsidence, and agricultural loss of freshwater
important species depend on these conversion. Texas has lost over 50% of its original 1 .2 inflows, and sea level
wetlands. One-third of all endangered million acres . Thirty-five percent (35%) oflosses has rise threaten remaining
species occur here, and millions of occurred since 1950 . Almost half of Texas estuarine areas are wetlands.
waterfowl overwinter in this habitat. closed, or conditionally closed, to shellfish harvest because of
pollution.
I
Texas Prairie
I
I Habitat II Status II Future I
Over 20 million acres of tallgrass Of the 12 .6 million acres ofBlackland Prairie fewer than Continued losses to this habitat
communities once covered the Texas 100,000 acres (less than 1%) of native sod exist today. A are expected. Restoration,
Blackland Prairie, the Fort Worth million acres of Coastal Prairie has been urbanized by cooperative actions and private
Prairie, the Fayette Prairie, and the Houston. Endangered species like the Attwater's prairie landowners will be key to saving
Coastal Prairie. chicken are on the edge of extinction because of such these prairie habitats.
losses.
Related Sites
Please send comments ~= or questions to:
Mli?W-WL;l!&·~¥114.1411$11
4200 SMITH SCHOOL RO. AUSTIN , TX 78744·
or click on the address to send an E-mail message. Last Revision : September 21 , 1996
http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/edu/texas/env95 .htm 07117/2001
•''
e Prairies and Lakes Region
~EXPLORING TEXAS ')iJ
Features of the Prairies and Lakes Region
Topography and Major Cities I Rainfall I Ekrntion I ommon Rare
II
ommon & Rare
I Characteristics \:'egctation iJilljfj•
Size: Al bany-25.53 in/ 1,429 ft ,._ft l'lalns pocket gopher
alack lllokOfY aeaver
alack walnut l'IHOOft
OakWoodsand Pra iries :19 ,500 sq mi. Brownwood-29.69 in / 1,342 ft SyoamoN l'orauplH
aurroek Tens lulngaroo ral
Ealltltm cottDnwoocl Hlsplcl oottDn m
£l]ackland Pra iries· 25,500 sq mi. Bumet-32.02 in/1 ,319 ft l'oetoak Ornata box turlla
l'erslmmon G-1 .... vlnged taal
Carrollton-34.20 in I 470 ft Wax myrlla Bollwll"9 quail
Av. l'lainfall~~o in./yr Buckeye 1'1141 -slloulderld hawk
Mexican plum Sclssoltllll flycatcher
Comanche-36.33 In/ 1,358 ft Sugarberry Wll "9-talled dMr
Charac:blristlcs: G-nash arazlllan hftlll bll
l'led oek l'llngtiill
Cresson-31 .64 in/ 1,047 ft l'lameleaf s umac NlnHlanded am11 d lllo
The Oak Woods and Prairies reg ion Is a transitiona l G-n haWlllorne Texas horned lizard
area for many plants and an imals , whose ranges extend alackoherfY Eastllrn hognose snake
northward into the Great Plains or eastward into the Gatesville-32.88 in I 795 ft American elderberfY Tarantula
forests . This reg ion, sometimes called the Cross-Bald cypress Golden chMked warbler Timbers, was named by early settlers, who found belts Bullion bush Black-capped vireo of oak forest crossing strips of pra irie grassland. Glen Rose 33.12 In I 680 ft Norlhem mockingbird
Guadalupe bass
Average annual rainfall averages 28-40 inches per year . Rar~Plants and Habitat
May or June usually brings a peak in monthly ra infall. Marlin-36. 75 in / 383 ft !,tNM'nlteld H!l!I ftrllel .. ;
Upland soils are light c:olored , acid ic sandy loam or Openings within oak woodlands on deep sands Rare Animals and Habitat ~ sands. BOl!lomlllnd soils maybe light brown to dark g!WY' Mexi a-40.33 in/ 534 ft ...... "*'=
and acidic with textures ranging from sandy loams to Pine/oak woodland or savannah on deep, sandy
clays. The landscape of the reg ion Is gently rolling to Na l!'notll l!!!lleHrnm; so ils
hilly and elevations range from 300 to 800 feet above Mineola-36.85 in/ 414 ft Open ings and-dra inages in post oa k wood lands
sea level.
Mineral Wells-32.15 In/ 925 ft Tall grass pra irie plant commun ity has become rare In the Bl ackl ands
The region can be described as oak savannah , where Pra irie
patches of oak woodland are interspersed with
grassland . Cattle ranching the major agricultural industry Segu in-2 1.52 in / 520 ft in the Oak Woods and Pra iries. Introduced grasses such
as bermudagrass are grazed along with f orage crops
and native grasslands.
The Blackland Pra iries reg ion is named for the deep,
fertile black soils that characterize the area . Blackland
Prairie soils once supported a tallgrass prairie
dominated by tal l-growing grasses such as big
bluestem , little bluestem , indiangrass, and switchgrass.
Because of the fertile so ils, much of the original pra irie
has been plowed to produce food and forage crops.
The average annual ra infall ranges from 28-40 inches.
May is the peak rainfall monttl for the northern end of
the reg ion ; however, the south-central part has a fa irly
http://www. tpwd . state. tx . us/expltx/p&l/p&lchart.htm 11/22/2000
I ,
"
j 't
e Prairies and Lakes Region
.... ® ...... ; ..... oo .~ .. 00· •. ..... I '""'"''· ~;" .. ""'~'' .. ...,.,., ""'""' ,.,., often referred to as "black gumbo", interspersed with
some gray acidic sandy loams. The landscape is gently
rolling to nearly level , and elevations range from 300 to
800 feet above sea level. Crop production and cattle
ranching are the primary agricultural industries.
Panhandle Plains
II II
For more information about the Prairies and Lakes
Other Texas Region Charts:
Prairies and Lakes Pine :voods Hill Country Gulf Coast Big Bend Cowitry
4200 SMITH SCHOOL RD. AUSTIN , TX 78744
or click on the address to send an E-mail message. Last Revision Date : January 28 , 1~ast Rev ision : April 05, 1999
http://www. tpwd. state. tx. us/expltx/p&l/p&lchart.htm
e2 of2
l l/22/2000
I
I 1" "·~
:,
" ...
·.
A TRIP TO AN EAST TEXAS SANDSTONE OUTCROP
A Production of the Herbarium, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University (TAMU)
We were a National Academy Press Coolest Science Site!
Script by Moni ue Reed
Photographs b y J. R . Manhart and ~:-I?.,,"\Y~lS<:)!l: .......................... .
Usage of these materials for other than educational purposes requires the written permission of the authors.
_We are sorry not to hav.e images of every plant---we will fill in the holes as soon as they become available. Me anwhile, you can look at other images in our Vasc ular Plant Im age Galle!}'.
INTRODUCTION
The vegetation of East Central Texas belongs to the associations known as ost Oak Savan nah and Blackland Prairi.e . These two regimes sweep across the region in alternating bands,
with savannah predominating on sandy soiJ and the prniries well-developed on more clayey soils. However, tucked within the savannah-prairie matrix are little pockets of a very different
sort offlora--"islands" in a sea of sameness. Bogs, where they occur, support an astonishing array of different species (take a look at our JriP..!9.F.IY.D.!l. .. e.Qg§). Outcrops of bedrock, too,
have floras all their own, and it is for o ne of these that today's expedition is bound .
Northeast of the town of Navasota in Grimes County lies a small but fascinating sandstone outcrop. This particular hill represents the nortb...easternmos extent of the Oakville formation ,
a ridge of limey sandstone which runs so uthwest all the way to Duvall county. For most of its length , the Oakville formation is covered with other layers of rock and soil. Where the
sandsto ne breaks the surface, though , a rich and unusual flora has developed . Many plants found here are more typical of the Edwards Plateau region of Texas, hundreds of miles to the
west. One plant, on ly recently discovered , appears to grow ere and nowhere else in.the world .
• ....... --.. --. J
Table of Contents
• CHAPTER !... ... Around the Base of the Outcrop
• CHAPTER llA ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrou
• CHAPTER llB ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the O utcrop (cont'd)
• CHAPTER lfC. .... Seasona l Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop (cont'd)
• CHAPTER [!D ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcro11 (cont'd)
• CHAPTER III....P ermanent (Woody) Plants of the Si.des of the Outcrop
• CHAPTER fV A .... The View from the Top
• CHAPTER IVB .... The View from the ToP.._(cont'q)
.............. ,
Species List FQLOutcro11
http://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROPINTRO.HTML 11 /20 /2000
J
Return to either the Botan 301 or the Navasota Flo ra homepage
c-·----------------········----- --·----.................................... _......... ... ......................... --.... ,
Please send us your comments, su gge stion s, and correctiQns
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROPTNTRO.HTML 11 /20 /2000
--o-..... ~ .
...... ·-·1
Chapter I. Around the Base of the Outcrop
The flora around the base of the outcrop is quite similar to that of the surrounding countryside. Still , these common plants are worth a look, if only to provide a contrast for the more
unusual plants of the sides and top . Spring is the most colorful time in East Central Texas , and the outcrop proves to be no exception . Large patches of wildflowers sweep up to the foot
of the hill.
E11gelma1111ia pi111iatifida (Engelmann Daisy) is the tall , bright-yellow flowered plant that lin es the backroads of Grimes County in the spring. Once learned , this is a plant one can
recognize at a glance even while driving. (Such plants are known as "sixty-mile-an-hour-pl ants.")
Cornsalad (Valeria11ella radiata) is a little more subtle. Its tiny white flowers are best app reciated up close. (This is known as "belly botany.") Comsalad is edible, though the plants
taste best before they flower.
Be sure not to eat the Crow Poison (Notlwscordum bivalve). It has pretty white flowers and grows from a bulb that looks like a littl e onion . They're poisonous.
http ://www .csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11 /20/2000
If yo u want to eat wi ld onions, be sure to choose the real Wild Onion, A llium drummo11dii (or A. ca11ade11se). The flowers of Wild Onion are usually tinged with pink, as below, and the
foliage and bulbs sme ll stro ngly of onion or garlic . Crow Poison lacks the smell that says, "safe to eat."
Two members of the Crowfoot Family that put in an appearance each spr in g are Windflowers (A11emo11e spp.)
and Buttercups (Rammculus spp.)
"'I ' I ·.:.1··r
~N·."::_--:-
1 '\
Windflowers lack a corolla but have a showy lavender and white calyx . A ll of the local Buttercups are yellow and produce clusters of achenes when they mature.
Cherokee Sedge (Carex c/1erokee11sis) isn't as showy as some of the other spring-flowering plants , but it has some interesti ng details . There are separate male and female flowers , with
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11 /20/2000
the ovary of each female flower wrapped in a sack-like structure called a perigynium. Care.x is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Most of the 1,000+ species prefer wet
habitats, so you won't see too many around the outcrop . C. cherokeen s is is one of the species that can tolerate drier conditions .
Summer brings a different palette to the roadside near the outcrop. Herbaceous Mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) has bright pink porn-porns that are clusters of many little flowers . The calyx
and corolla of each flower are quite reduced--the showy parts are the long stamens. Jn the local area, this plant sometimes goes by the nickname "Seuss-flower", presumably because the
flower clusters look like something the famous children's author would have drawn.
The show at the foot of the outcrop doesn't stop in the fall. In fact , some of the season's showiest flowers wait until the days grow shorter to make their debut. Ruellia (Ruellia sp.) has
brilliant amethyst flowers that look a little like Petunias . Enjoy these flowers where they stand--the corollas tend to fall off as soon as the plant is picked .
Spira11tltes cernua (l'llodding or Common Ladies' Tresses) is the most common local orchid . The small creamy flowers make several loose spirals around the stalk. The leaves are
absent at flowering time ; they appear in the spring, manufacture food , and then wither away before the heat of the summer. S. cernua is very similar to S,_Jlar/f ,~iL(~JD:'1!~9.tL_lL~l~
rn~~I,!~ .· hat species is listea as endangered . It grows only in scattered openings in Post Oak woods, usually along the-drainages of seasonal creeks and streams. We won't see that
species on this trip!
http ://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V -OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11 /20/2000
Perhaps the showiest plant on the fall roadside is Prairie Agalinis (Agali11is lteteropltylla). Nothin g else is quite the same shade of pinkish-lavender as Agalinis. This species is quite
common in East Central Texas. It has, however, an extremel y rare relati ve that we will meet as we ascend the outcrop.
C HAPTER 11... .. Seaso na l Flora of the S ide s o f th e O utcro12.
. .... ,
http ://www .csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11 /20/2000
.......... ~)
Chapter IIA. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop
The outcrop rises right up out of the surrounding countryside. It has fairly steep sides and tops out about seventy feet above the road below. Most of its face gets the hot afternoon sun,
and the alkaline soil is very thin , so the plants that grow here are real survivors . In many spots, the sandstone has no soil cover at all--and yet we see plants there as well.
In early spring, the foot of the outcrop is beautifully clothed in blue, yellow, and white .
The bright blue belongs to Lupi1111s subcamosus, the Sandylands Bluebonnet. This species prefers sandy soils .
The more-familiar white-tipped L. texe11sis (Texas Bluebonnet) is more often found on clay soils. Both share the honor of being the State Flower of Texas . Lupi1111s s ubcamosus has
more inflated "wings" (the lateral petals) than l. texe11sis and in the latter the immature terrninal flowers of the inflorescence are more white.
Spiderwort (Tradesca11tia hirsutijlora, etc.), while not as plentiful as the bluebonnets, is a very striking blue and beautiful in its own right. With the right film , it photographs
splendidly.
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A.HTML 11 /20/2000
Much of the striking chrome yellow is due to thousands of little Densetlower Bladderpod (Lesquerella de11siflora) plants. Each bears dozens of cross-shaped blossoms which will
produce round green fruits . The fruits have two valves which fall off at maturity, leaving the replum, a central partition to which the seeds are attached .
A second species ofBladderpod, L. gracilis, also grows on the outcrop . This plant is much more typical of the Edwards Plateau region of Texas . This Grimes Co . population is believed
to represent the easternmost extent of its range .
Halfshrub Sundrops (Calylopltus berla11dieri) also has bright yellow flowers. The blossoms last only a day, but here always seem to be plenty. These plants have very narrow, finely
toothed leaves and are quite inconspicuous when not in flower.
Parks Nailwort (Paro11yc/1ia virgillica) has yellow flowers too, but they are not very showy. The plants are small, with narrow, almost needle-like leaves . (Image not yet available .)
A little later on , Berlandier's Flax (Li11um berla11dieri) adds its golden yellow to the palette. The orange-eyed blossoms are nice to look at but drop their petals almost the moment they
are picked .
http ://www.csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A .HTML 11 /20/2000
Several plants contribute white to the landscape in early spring. None of them has very large flowers , but sheer numbers make a beautiful display . Pitcher Sandwort (Are11aria patula,
(image not yet available) is very uncommon in the area, except in sandy, rocky places like this. Its star-shaped flowers closely resemble those of the Drummond Sandwort (A.
drummo11dii) but are noticeably smaller. Drummond sandwort is exceedingly common on sandy soils in East Texas in the spring.
Least Daisy (C/iaetopappa asteroides) is quite common on the outcrop. Its common name is well-deserved--the flowers look like miniature daisies and the plant as a whole is very
humble in stature. The ray florets tend to curl under as the flowers age . (Chaetopappa is the very small daisy-like flower in this image.)
Virginia Peppergrass (Lepidium virgi11icum), though not abundant, adds to the white on the outcrop. A member of the Mustard Family, its golden seeds can be used as a peppery spice
in soups, salads, stews, and so on.
As we climb the side, more interesting plants come into view. Several of them are members of the sunflower family, the Asteraceae . Manystem Evax or Rabbit-Tobacco (Eva.x vema)
is a small , silvery-gray plant that likes full sun and well-drained sandy soil. Its flowers are almost totally obscured by the dense hair that covers much of the plant.
http ://www .csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A .HTML I 1/20/2000
The foliage of Flattop Wooly-White or Old Plainsman (Hymenopappus scabiosaeus) is also covered with whitish hairs, but its flowers are much easier to see. They can be white or
pale pink and are all of the disk floret type. The phyllaries or bracts subtending the head have broad , petal-like margins which make the inflorescence even showier.
.................... ,
http ://www .csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A .HTML 11 /20/2000
........ _. ___ .,_ ........ -............................ ---·-.. -)
Chapter IIB. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop
.. ........ .......... ... ... ................... ,
Barbara's Buttons (Marshallia caespitosa) is another plant with dense heads of disk florets . Each head is borne singly at the top of a long slender peduncle. When the flowers have
fallen, the developing fruits with their pappuses look like little stars .
Two DYC's (Durned Yellow Composites) found on the outcrop are Black-Eyed Susan and a semi -look alike , Greentbread. Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a common plant in
Texas later in the spring. The sc hool bus-yellow rays can be solid or marked with maroon . The foliage is covered with stiff, somewhat raspy hairs. The leaves are entire.
Greenthread (Thelespermajilfolium) has a head that is very similar to Rudbeckia hirta but has foliage that is nearly g labro us (without hairs). The divisions of the leaves are quite
s lender and thread-like.
The mint family (Lamiaceae) is also well-represented in the spring. These plants usually have opposite leaves , square stems, and a minty or antiseptic smell.
You will probably smell Rock Hedeoma or Mock Pennyroya l (Hedeoma reverc/1011i1) before you see it. The leaves of this small perennial are pleasantly lemon scented and release
their aroma ifthe plant is brushed or stepped on. The flowers are pale purple and not very showy, but the plants do seem to flower for quite a long period of time .
http ://www.csdl .tarnu .edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/OUTCROP28.HTML 11 /20/2000
Drummond Skullcap (Scutellaria drummo11dil) has hand puppet-shaped bluish purple flowers marked with white . The distinctive feature of most species of Scutellaria is the calyx--it
is two-lipped and has a concave crest on the upper lip . This crest has been amusingly and aptly described as looking "j ust like a John Deere tractor seat."
Another mint, Prairie Brazoria, Warnockia scutellarioides (Brazoria scutellarioides), is easily mistaken for Skullcap at first look . The flowers are similar in shape and color and the
plants are about the same size. The calyx looks nearly the same, too , except that what looks like a crest is actually calyx teeth swept up and back. This plant also grows on the summit of
the outcrop, w ith shade-dwelling plants much larger than their cousins in full sun .
A couple members of the Scrophulariaceae are conspicuous on the outcrop in spring. Texas Paintbrush (Castilleja i11divisa), whi le not abu nd ant, is certainly showy. The bright red-
orange bracts hide the tubular green flowers almost completely. Look for it near the base of the outcrop.
http ://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP28 .HTML 11 /20/2000
Cobaea Penstemon (Pe11stemo11 cobaea) is found high up on the slope. It has huge , pale lavender-pink flowers that look a lot like Foxglove. In this part of Texas, this plant is most
frequently found on calcareous outcrops such as this one .
The flowers of Trailing Ratany (Krameria la11ceolata) aren't as showy as those of Paintbrush or Penstemon , but they are interesting up close . A unique shade of purply-maroon , the
blossoms look a little like legume flowers and a bit like orchids. The plants are low and trailing , bearing the flowers close to the ground . This is the only member of the Krameriaceae in
the local flora--a nice find and another indication of the diversity on this outcrop.
Another inconspicuous plant is the Swan flower (Aristoloc/1ia erecta, synonym= A. lo11giflora). One might say it is so inconspicuous as to be invisible . This plant is the sole food of the
larva of the gorgeous Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly, shown on a thistle from another location .
The ferocious-looking black and red caterpillars (with bristles and horns!) devour the foliage , sometimes reducing the plants to leafless nubs .
http://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2B .HTML 11 /20/2000
We've yet to actually see this plant on the outcrop, but the butterflies and caterpillars are a common sight, so we're pretty sure it's there (just nibbled to almost nothing .) The
accompanying photo of the strange , pipe-shaped flower was taken at another location .
In contrast, one can hardly take a step on the outcrop without encountering Prairie or Fineleaf Bluets (Hedyotis 11igrica11 s). This calf-high plant bears tiny four-petaled pale lavender
pink flowers nearly the year around.
This Bluet is quite different from the other Bluets found in this part ofTexas--most of them are less than two inches tall.
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2B .HTML 11 /20/2000
•
C HAP TER II C .... Seasona l_f lo_ra o f th e S id es of the O utcroR (co nt 'd.}
http ://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTC ROP/OUTCROP2B .HTML 11 /20 /2000
Chapter IJC. Seasonal tiora ot me :::.10es 01 me vmi.;1uµ .
--HmHm-o-HH••·--··-H-••--H•H-• """""""""""""-HHH••OHOHH•-m """"")
Chapter IIC. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop
A couple of interesting monocots round out an early spring trip to the o utcrop. Nuttall Deathcamas (Zigade1111s 1mttalli1) bears tall bottlebrush or porn-porn infloresce nces of creamy
ye llow-green flowers . Although it grows from a bulb like an onion and is in the same family as the onions, this is one pl ant w hi ch shou ld never be eaten. All parts of the pl ant contain
neurotoxic alkaloids .
American Aloe (Ma11freda sp., synonym= Polia11thes sp.) loo ks a little lik e the A lo e many people grow as a hou se pl ant , except that the foliage is s po tted. We have yet to catch thi s
pl ant in flower so that we can make a herbarium specimen and determine just which species t hi s is .
A May visit to the o ut crop turns up ma ny of the same plants found earlier in the spring, but a lso presents some newcomers.
Chickenthief or Stickleaf (Me11tze/ia olig osperma) grows on the lowest part of t he outcrop. It has rather attractive orange flowers, but its fo li age is harsh and scratchy . Many of its
re latives in the genus Ce vallia have sti ngi ng hairs; Mentzeli a's ha irs_don 't sti ng but under hi gh magnification can be seen to be mi nutel y barbed. This outcrop is one of the few places we
know where we can find this plant regularly.
http ://www .csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000
--o----.
Rough Nama (Nama ltispidum) grows a little further up the slope. It is a small plant with gray-green foliage and star-shaped purple flowers . Though not terribly common locally, the
plant can be found ranging north to Oklahoma and west to Ari zona and California.
' V, , 'Ir
"'~ . , ,
• r •
« • <
Tall Poppy Mallow (Callirlioe leiocarpa, image not yet available) is found in our area mostly on and around calcareous outcrops and was the nicest find of a May, 1995 trip to the
outcrop. The flowers are quite similar to those of the oh-so-common Winecup (Callirhoe i11volucrata) (shown), but Tall Poppy Mallow lives up to its name by being an upright plant ;
Winecups tend to trail close to the ground. Another difference is that Winecup flowers have an epicalyx , a whorl of small bracts just below the calyx ; Tall Poppy Mallow flowers don't
have these bracts.
June brings a different look to the outcrop. Most of the spring-flowering plants have finished blooming and a suite of early summer plants has taken over. This time of year seems to
belong mostly to the legumes .
Making a splendid appearance is the well -named Showy Prairie C lover (Dalea compacta). Its dense clusters of bright rose purple flowers with shocking orange anthers are a bee
magnet--and equally attractive to photographers!
Near the base of the outcrop is a second species of Dalea. Golden Prairie Clover (Dalea aurea) doesn't look much like its purple-flowered cousin, being a short, somewhat scruffy plant
with bright yellow flowers . The foliage of this plant is covered with soft, silky hairs.
http ://www .csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000
Scattered pretty much over the whole outcrop is Scarlet Pea (flldigofera mitiiata). It 's a low, trailing plant with bri ck-red to pinki sh-o ra nge pea-like flowers.
Early summer is also a good time to start studyi ng the grasses of the outcrop . Grassbur (Cenchrus incertus) usuall y finds botanists before th ey find it . Eac h vicio us, clinging bur
contains seeds which will go on to g ive ris e to more plants with more vicio us , clin gi ng burs ...
Many other species of grass grow on the outcrop, though we have been lax in photo graphin g th em . Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipe11dula), Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis),
Hairy Grama (Bouteloua hirs uta), Durban Crowfootgrass (Dactylocte11ium aegyptium), Rosettegrass (Dicl1a11thelium spp.), and Lovegrass (Eragrostis spp.) can all be found here.
The shorter days of late su mm er and fa ll brin g more changes to the outcrop. Some of the more interesti ng plants save their surprises until no w .
Partridge Pea (Chamaecristafasciculata) is one of those plants that seem to be eve ryw here in August and Se pt emb er. It s dark brown stamens contrast nicely with it s bright go ld en
flowers .
http ://www .csd l.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C .HTML 11 /20 /2000
cnapter UL.. _,easona1 r 1ora or rm: _,mt:~ u1 u11:: vu"·" uµ
http ://www.csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000
Cnapter Jll.J . :::>easonal r I Ura UI Int: ;)lUt:S Ul lilt: VUL'-'1 Vf.1
Chapter IID. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop
Several species of Eupliorbia (Spurge) grow on the outcrop. Snow-on-the-Prairie (E. bicolor) can be very showy. The flowers are small and green, but the bracts subtending the
inflorescences have broad white margins. Be careful of the sap: many species of Euphorbia have irritant sap and this plant seems to be worse than most.
Flowering Spurge (Eupliorbia corollata) has pretty little "flowers." Actually, as in all species of Euphorbia , what looks like a flower is really an entire inflorescence called a cyathium.
Each cyathium has a number of male flowers , eac h consisting of a single stamens, and one female flower. What looks like a row of white petals is in fact a ring of glands and appendages
around the rim of the cyathium.
A third species, E. missurica , looks a little like Flowering Spurge but tends to have all the gland appendages crowded on one side of the cyathium. (Image not yet available .)
Two great plants grow at the foot of the outcrop. Wliite Milkwort (Polygala alba) sends up slender stems topped with conical clusters of small white flowers. This perennial is quite
tough and can get to be rather large and woody at the base . It likes full sun and sandy soil.
Clammyweed (Pola11isia dodeca11dra) looks a lot like Spiderflower (C /eome ) that many people grow in the garden . The two are in fact members of the same family . They share the same
http ://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V -OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D.HTM L 11 /20/2000
Cnapter llU. ~eaSOTial r I Ufa UI lllC CHUC~ Ul lll<O vu'"' vp
form--tall and slender--and the same lon g, brightly colored stamens . P o lanis ia is a hand some plant, with its pink flowers and shiny black seeds. If it grows anywhere else locall y, we
don't know a bout it.
The midslope has its own interesting flora .
Growing right out of the cracks in the rock at about midslope we find Texas or Lady Bird's Centaury (Ce11tauriu111 texe11se). This plant is named after former first lady Lady Bird
Johnson , who loved it and planted it on her ranch. It is very rare in this region . The bright pink flowers look much like Prai ri e Rose-Ge nti a n (Sabatia campestris ) in that they have five
bright pink petals, but the pl ant is smaller in all aspects .
Also rare in the region is Skeletonplant (Lygodesmia texa11a). This pl ant is much more common nearer the Edwards Pl ateau . The common name describes the nearl y leafless stems with
their leaves cut into narrow segments. The pale lavender flowers are unusual among local members of the Asteraceae.
An interesting plant near the top of the slope was fir st sighted in the spring of 1998 . This is Ground-plum Milkvetch (Astragalus crassicarpus). Th e legumes become plump and juicy
with age and are edible.
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP20.HTML 11 /20/2000
Lnaprer itu. i:>t:i:i:su11a1 r 1v1a v1 u1~ ~•u'"-'"' vl u1i.,, '-"""''"'""'VP .
Perhaps the most interesting plant on the outcrop blooms along the slope in September and October. Navasota False Foxglove (Agali11is 11avasotensis) was described as a new species in
J 993 . As far as is known, this is the only population of this plant in existence. It is currently classified as a Category V plant--meaning the plant is on the Watch List compiled by the
Texas Organization for Endangered Species. Not enough is known about it to determine if it warrants Endangered Species status.
A . navasotensis, at first glance, is very similar to the locally-common Prairie Agalinis (A. Jieterophylla) which has been found on the roadside below the outcrop and at the rim of the
outcrop, but not on the slope. Prairie Agalinis has broader leaves and flowers that sit right on the stem. A. navasotensis has very narrow, thread-like leaves and pedicels (flower stalks)
longer than the calyces and fruit. Both species are hemiparasitic--some of their nourishment is taken from the roots of grasses with which they grow.
NOTE: Please help us protect this rare plant. If you visit the outcrop, please leave the A . navasotensis plants and seeds where they are . They are annuals, so they won't live long after
transplanting anyway, and because they are hemiparasites, they require complex conditions for seed germination . (So far , germination has been accomplished only with tissue
culture/nutrient medium techniq~es). If you want to enjoy them for a long time , put a bookmark on this page , or take some photographs for yourself.
... ...... _._ -------·---·--______ .......... ·····-···
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu /FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D.HTML 11 /20/2000
l_;03ptef llLJ . ~eaSUfiat r IUr<i 01 lilt: ~IUt:~ VL lll<O '-'UL'-'1vp
Last updated August 4 , 1998
http://www .csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D .HTML 11 /20/2000
Chapter ill. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 1 of3
Chapter ID. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop
The woody plants on the slopes of the outcrop provide a framework for the showier annuals and perennials. Most of the slope above the road is open, but there are a few taller trees .
There is a clump of good-sized Eastern Red Ce dar or Juniper (Junip eru.s virginiU1 ia) trees about midslope . The presence of so many Edwards Plateau plants on the outcrop has led
botanists to wonder if these aren't in fact Ashe Juniper (J. ashei), but they key out as J. virginiana every time . The shaggy bark and pale blue fle shy "berries" (actually cones) are
striking.
On the southwest part of the slope are one or two small Black W illows (Salix nigra). Because willows usually grow near water, we think there must be a drainage along that part of
the outcrop .
The reason no one has gone to see if there is a drainage there is because of all the P oison Ivy (Rhus toxicodendron or Toxicodendron radicans) at that spot. There's a good amount of
it on the outcrop, evidence of some disturbance.
\ .. .
%l\.· .... ~ .. .,..
. 'f . ;.·· '*'1· '': ·-_,,, l .. ~
;·~ .~:
Two other species of Sumac (Rhus) are nicer to look at and safe to handle . Fragrant Sumac (R. aromatica) is a small bush with three-parted leaves . Early spring sees it covered with
clusters of small yellow flowers . In the fall it has attractive red fruit. This is a far-ranging species in Texas , with one variety or another found in every part except the South Texas
Plains .
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3 .HTML 11/20/2000
'.
Chapter ill. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 2 of3
On the north face , near the top, Smooth or Scarlet Sumac (Rhus glabra) makes a patch of color in the fall . This Sumac has pinnately compound leaves and red fruit. (As a general
rule, white-fruited Rhus are the ones that cause rashes; red-fruited species are harmless .)
A couple of members of the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family) put in an appearance on the outcrop . Rusty Blackhaw (Viburnum rujidulum) is a large shrub or small tree . In the
spring its clusters of creamy ye llow flowers really stand out along the wooded part of the upper slope . In the fall , it has deep blue fruits . The foliage is a favorite food of the cecropia
moth (Samia cecropia) catepillar.
Tangled in the Junipers at midslope is Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens). The tubular red flowers are quite showy and are a favorite of hummingbirds . This native
honeysuckle does well in the home garden and is not nearly so invasive as the Ja anese Hone suckle Lonicera · onica .
Another vine here is the Mustang Grape (Vitis mustangensis). There is a large patch rnidslope, clambering over other plants . The palmately lobed leaves are densely white-furry
underneath. The fruit are juicy and edible (except for the astringent skin), but it can be difficult to beat the animals to them once they ripen.
http ://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3 .HTML 11/20/2000
.~
'·
"chapter III. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 3 of3
Also midslope is a community of plants that would seem to be more at home in a desert than in East Central Texas. Their presence here indicates just how dry the outcrop is.
Several Yucca (Yucca sp .) plants have come up here. E ach year they send up tall stalks of fragrant, cream-colored flowers.
All over the outcrop one can find Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia spp.), usually when a plant attacks the ankles. The big yellow flowers attract many kinds of insect pollinators . The
plants on the summit tend to be taller than those on the slopes and may represent a different species.
.... ;~-.,,. .. .. ~' ·" . ..._ ... "' ...• ~}' .• "" -.
-:1 •• ~!
.; i:-: ._ ~
Visitors with sharp eyes and a careful step will be the first to spot the small, round-bodied cactus, Coryphantha missouriensis . Never more than a few inches high, it form s circular
clumps half-buried in the sand . The flowers are greenish yellow. In the fall , the bright red fruits can make a round patch resemble nothing so much as a Christmas wreath. The only
other place we know of in the area to find this species is the mesa formation at Lick Creek Park, south of College Station in Brazos County. Since this plant i s so uncommon, if you
visit, please don't pick or do anything to disturb it!
CHAPTER IV A .... The View from the Top
http ://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3 .HTML 11/20/2 000
._
"t.
"chapter IVA The View from the Top Page 1 of4
Chapter IV A. The View from the Top
The southeast rim of the slope seems to have a flora all its own. Some interesting plants are found here and nowhere else on the outcrop.
The first such is actually a very common plant in the surrounding countryside. Common Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) colors nearly every roadside in the fall. The pollen from its
bright yellow flowers is often blamed for fall hayfever, but most fall allergies are probably due largely to ra eed Ambrosia s . which blooms at the same time but is not nearly as
showy .
Blue Sage (Salvia azurea) has much the same form as Goldenrod--tall and skinny--but its flowers are a bright, intense blue. A large patch of this really is striking .
Another interesting find--and a bit of a surprise--is Late Lionsheart or Obedient Plant (Pliysostegia virginiana). All of the other species of Physostegia in East Central Texas bloom
in May or June and prefer wet ditches , but this one catches folks off guard by flowering in the fall in a high, dry spot. The lavender-pink flowers will stay wherever you position them
on the stalk--hence the name Obedient Plant. (Image not yet available).
Perhaps the rarest and most unusual plant of the rim is Tall Wild Mercury (Argythamn.ia mercurialina). This odd member of the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) has small
greenish-yellow flowers that actually have petals--not a usual feature in flowers of this family . There are separate male and female flowers on each plant, with occasional plants
bearing flowers of only one sex. (Image not yet available.)
The summit of the outcrop is a large flat area several acres in size . Part of the space is taken up by a private residence with a surrounding lawn . The rest of the summit is a maze of
open areas and stands of small trees and brush. The north rim i s heavily wooded and slopes down through a thicket to a creek below.
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000
..
Chapter IVA. The View from the Top Page 2 of 4
The woody flora of the summit includes some common plants and some not-so-common species usually associated with the Edwards Plateau.
One such unusual find is NetleafHackberry (Ce/tis reticulaJa). This plant is found in much of Texas, but usually only on limestone soils or calcareous outcrops. It is quite rare in
East Central Texas, confined to scattered limey sites . The long-oval leaves are rough as sandpaper to the touch and have a raised network of veins on the undersurface.
Also present is the exceedingly common Sugar Hackberry (Ce/tis laevigata). Compared with the leaves ofNetleafHackberry, its leaves are narrower, more pointed, much smoother,
and lacking the raised veins beneath . It a lso tends to be a taller, narrower tree . C. reticulata is often rather short and broad. (hnage not yet available)
A second Edwards Plateau plant is Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana). This Persinunon bears black, grape-sized fruit that are a favorite of racoons and ring-tailed cats. These
little fruits are edible, but are smaller and less tasty than the neon-orange ones produced by the Common Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) which is not found on the outcrop . Don't
ever eat a green persimmon unless you want your mouth puckered up for the rest of the day .
Along the north rim of the outcrop, mixed in with some truly gigantic Junipers , is a stand of Mexican Buckeye (Ungnadia speciosa). This tree has pinnately compound leaves and
ink flowers . The fruits are capsules, each with three shiny, marble-sized seeds that look like little Buckeyes . (What most people know as Buckeyes are the seeds of various
Much more common in the region is Hop tree or Skunkbush, (Ptelea trifoliata). The fruits are round and quite flat, each with a single seed in the center. The foliage (like that of so
many members of the Rue Family) has a distinctive , not-exactly-pleasant odor .
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000
·.
Chapter IVA The View from the Top
B umelia (Bumelia lanugino sa) is also rather common locally. It i s a smallish tree with thorny branches and edible black fruits . The foliage and new twigs are rather densely
pubescent (hairy), with the undersides of the leaves being quite velvety .
Page 3 of4
Finding Roug hl e afDogwoo d (Cornus drummondii) isn't unusual either. In fact , it is more common in the region than the more showy Flowering Dogwood (C. florida). Roughleaf
Dogwood does indeed have very rough leaves. The flowers are small and not very showy .
Two common-as-dirt plants of the summit are the Ya upo n Holly (/lex vo mitoria) and D ecidu ou s H oll y (L decidu a).
Both are medium to large shrubs with grayi sh bark and dark green leaves . The Yaupon (shown below) holds its lea ves throughout the year, while the Deciduous Holly (shown above)
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000
Chapter IVA The View from the Top Page 4 of 4
lives up to its name and grows a new set every year. Hollies are dioecious , meaning that there are male and female plants . Both sexes have tiny white flowers in the spring, but only
the females wear the bright red berries in the fall and winter.
. f '~
' .. ~... ./) ..... ~ .. ~...::
7D~ .... · .~-, -~~ •
~hapter IVB . The View from the Top (cont'd)
http ://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORAINAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HIML 11/20/2000
Chapter IVB . The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 1 of5
Chapter IVB. The View from the Top
Some interesting small shrubs and vines fill the spaces under the trees and tangle in their canopies . Beneath the Mexican Buckeyes are some Drummond Wax-mallows (Malvaviscus
arboreus). The flowers are a brilliant red with the five petals twisted together and the style and stamen column protruding . These make good home landscape plants, though it is wise
to remember that under ideal conditions they can get to be much taller than the little guys seen here.
On a lucky day you can see the intricate little flowers of Yellow Passionflower (Passiflora lutea) here too . These blossoms have a corona, a whorl of thread-like appendages between
the petals and the stamens. The style has three wide-spreading branches . This slender vine has three-lobed leaves and climbs by means of tightly-twining tendrils.
Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) is easier to find . Its leaves and stems look a little like Poison Ivy , but remembering that Virginia Creeper has five or more leaflets
per leaf and Poison Ivy only three will help you tell them apart. A member of the grape family (Vitaceae), Virginia Creeper has blue-black, grape-like berries that are (alas!) inedible.
The fall color can be a very showy scarlet.
http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B .HTML 11/20/2000
...
.·
..
,.
',
°Chapter IVB . The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 2 of 5
Sharppod Morningglory, lpomoea cordatotriloba (lpomoea trichocarpa), is admired more for its flowers . A bright pinkish purple, they are easy to spot from July until frost.
In addition to the woody species, the summit is home to a number of herbaceous plants. A few interesting things can be found close to the house and the edge of the mowed lawn area .
Dwarf Dandelion (Krigia gracilis) is a lawn weed that few people mind. The little golden blossoms do look just like miniature Dandelions, but the plants are much less aggressive .
' ';'~. ~--·-,,:...; . '... . ... ....... . .
_r. • .i..1 . «. ~~ • ~J., .
f. (" • I; .,, ; ---. \ ~
Not so admired is Yellow Wood Sorrel (Oxalis dillenii and/or 0 . stricta). The little yellow flowers are pretty enough, but the clover-like foliage can get to be scruffy-looking and the
plant seeds itself prolifically. The little capsules actually explode , shooting hundreds of seeds as far a s possible from the parent plant. No wonder it is so hard to get rid of. ..
~: ~ ~ ·-~\~.I . ' ) .
{" ...
. : I
A little further out from the house one can find one of the local Groundsel or Ragwort species, Setrecio tampicatrus (Packera tampicana). Cheerful yellow blossoms accompany
intricately parted and lobed leaves to make this spring find practically unmistakable .
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B .HTML 11120/2000
· ..
·,
"
·chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 3 of 5
Another can't-miss-on-the-identification plant is Sticky Bedstraw (Galium aparine). The long, floppy stems and whorled leaves cling to just about anything (especially socks!) by
means of microscopic hooked hairs. Even the fruit are clingy . Botany students have discovered the fun of flinging bits of this at one another and have nicknamed it "Velcro Plant."
Ofless recreational value but with more ornamental value i s Dakota Vervain (Verb ena bipinnaJijida). The flat clusters of blue-purple flowers are very sho wy. Luckily for its many
fans , this plant grows throughout much of the state and is quite at home in the garden . This plant is often mistaken for a Phlox , but close inspection reveals that Verbena flowers are
slightly zygomorphic , as opposed to actinomorphic in Phlox.
Another Verbena found on the outcrop is Texas Vervain, Ve rbena officinalis subsp. halei (Verbena halei). Its flowers do not have pedicels and are arranged on an elongate axis ; this
type of inflorescence is called a spike (image not yet available).
The open areas among the trees provide homes for a few more interesting herbs . One easily-overlooked plant is Knotweed Leaf Flower (Phyllanthus polygonoides). Its tiny
unisexual flowers hang from the undersides of the stems. One would never guess that it is in the same family as the flamboyant Poinsettia.
http://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B .IITML 11/20/2000
{ .
. '
Chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 4 of 5
A second member of the Poinsettia family (Euphorbiaceae) found here is Wedgeleaf Euphorbia (Euphorbia longicruris). This nondescript little plant has caused no small
excitement among Texas botanists. This is the only location known for this plant east of Austin, Texas and represents a range extension of a hundred miles or more . (Image not yet
available .)
On the other hand, finding Nuttall Milkvetch (Astragalus nuttallianus) is no surprise at all. This species has several varieties--each region of the state features at least one.
Milkvetches have pinnately compound leaves and no tendrils. This distinguishes them from true Vetches , which have the last leaflet of each leaf replaced by tendrils. (Image not yet
available).
Two last treats await the hiker willing to explore the summit thoroughly . Late spring can bring a show of Carolina Delphinium (Delphinium carolinianum). Most of the local
populations of this species have a lot of variety of color in their flowers (blue, lavender, and white), but all the ones we've seen here are white or white tinged with lavender.
A really splendid sho w is provided by Western Wallflower (Erysimum capita/um). Turning a corner and stumbling on a whole open area filled with these fragrant , waist-high,
school-bu s yellow flowers can be the high point of a trip to the outcrop .
http://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.HTML 11/20/2000
·chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 5 of5
Whatever the season, a trip to the outcrop is sure to captivate, teach, and inspire. Having run out of superlatives, we pause to simply admire the view from the top.
Species List For Outcrop
INTRODUCTION
http://www.csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B .HTML 11/20/2000
---------,-~ ----------· -J r-------·J ~ .... · ~o-····· .... ··-·-.......... _. ........... J. '-'5 '-' I VJ. J.V
SPECIES FROM GRIMES COUNTY OUTCROP
c··-·-----·-------·----·----···--·--............ -....... ·-·· ·----·----····---HHHHOHHHH-OOOO•O-OH•HH•--·------··---""""""""""""""OO"""OOO""OO""OOO•OOOOOH 000•0000"">""-""""--·--·1
("top" or "rim"= top edge of outcrop; "s ummit"= large , flat area w ith house ; "s ide" or "slope "= sloping side of outcrop , where Agalinis nava sotensis is fou nd.) r ........................................................................................................................................ -.................. --............................................................................... _ ................................................ _______________ ..... _. ___ , .. _, __ .... _ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ........... ,
Gy mnosperms
Cupressaceae
o Juniperus virgi11ia11a L. ---side, su mmit
Magnoliopsida (Dicots)
Acanthaceae
A maranthac eae
o Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats . -~--road side at base
A nacardiaceae
0 B.hu~P.!:9-WQ£iJ:.qf':._iLY.'i!LiJ.flb§_fUfqrJI[f,'L$billD~rn ... :.:.: .. l?.iO .~.§\!.rn.rn_i!?
o Rh~t!i_g/qf!m._k, :=-~.f1;1.Lri&bt !?i d~.n~.m: .. rnr
o Toxicodendron radictms L. 0 . Kt ze . ---side
Apiaceae
o Bifora americana (DC .) Benth . & Hook.
o Tori/i s arvens is (Hu ds .) Link ---upper W slope
Aquifoliacea e
o !Lt:c,~d.f:'..fi.4.1ffL~Y.;iJt, =!?\!mm iJ
o ftg,J_yp111J!9.r.:iPAiL .. :: .. :_~.v:m.m.iJ..
A ri stolochi ace ae
http ://www .csd l.tamu .edu/F LORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Asclepiadaceae
o Asclepias oenotheroides Cham. & Schlect. ---base
o Asclepias viridiflora Raf. ---upper side, mostly right
Asteraceae
o Ambrosia trifida L. var. texana Scheele
o Amphiachyris dracunculoides DC. ---side
o Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. ---side
o Aster patens Ait. var. patentissimu s (Lind.) T . & G . ---mid-ledge, side (white!)
o Aster sericeus Vent. var. microphy lla DC . ---side
o (;h.qrflgpqpy_g__gsfl!J:oid__g$ N utt,_~x D C..=_;;,jg~
o Croptilon rigidifo lium (E. B . Smith) E. B. Smith ---slope
o Dyssodiopsis tagetoides (T. &G.) Rydb. ---upper s lope
0 &:ng~bJ.!PIJtijqpiwrnL@:i_g_N1,1J1,_:::_[Qy.t_~L§id<::,_bll.§.~
o Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd .
o Erigeron tenuis T . & G.
o f;yq;~.Yfl.rnqRll.L.~.::.~.i d <::,§1,1m mi.!
o Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.)Rock. var. aestivalis
o Gaillardia amblyododn Gay
o Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby
o Gutierrezia texana(DC.) T. & G.
o Heteroth eca suba.xi llaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby var. latifo lia (Buck!.) Gandhi & Thomas ---side
o f/J:!.!1f.t!QP@J2..lf.,L£rnh_i_Q,meus I . .J::kr. ---!Q~Y.<::r?.ic:!~
o Krigia gracilis (DC.) Shinners ---mowed lawn of summit
o Liatris mucronata DC.
o Lygod esmia texana (T. & G .) Greene ---side
o Marsh a /Li a caesf2_itosa DC. var. caespitosa
o Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small (=Solidago rig ida L.) ---top
o Packera tampicana (DC.) Jeffrey (= Senecio tampicanus)--summit
o Pyrrhopappus sp. ---(seen, not collected)
o &J.Ji..b.ITklqJ.1irta _!-. ---!!P.l~er s l o~
o Silphium radula Nutt. ---rim
o So li<lcl '0 s . canad ensis ? ---to
o Tetran euris lin ea rifolia (Hook.) Greene
o Thelesp erma ji.lifolium (Hook.)Gray ---midslope
o Ve rb esina virginica L. ---rim in unmowed area
Boraginaceae
o Lithosp ermum incisum Lehm.
o H eliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. ---side
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHL!ST.HTML
ragt: ,t. Ul IV
11 /20/2000
Brassicaceae
o Descurainia pinna/a (Walt.) Britt.
o Q):J.i11111.m .. mpitq(J.!11.Ll.HQQKJ Gree_ne ---g1111mit
o Lepic!iY!!l..l!i!.-gi!J.i .. rnm_k ... :::. .. ~NJ;.
o Lepidium virginicum var. medium ---summit
o Lesquerella densiflora (Gray) S. Wats. ---side
o Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) Wats . var. gracilis ---side
Cactaceae
o CQlJ'J21J.q111hCJ..1.r1i!i.J..QY! ien,1:i,\:($ .. ~Y.efilLJ?.1j!t.._c~i; RQ .. ~i:;...::.:.§.ige
o Qpunfia s . ---side
Campanulaceae
o Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata
Capparidaceae
o Pola11isia dodeca11dra (L.) DC. subsp . riogra11densis lltis ---lower s ide
Caprifoliaceae
o Lonicera s empervire11s L. ---on Junipers on side
o _t_i]}_11niu 111.nifldyJunLRfiL.:::rni_ds l Qpe_wi th Jµn[pe[
Caryophyllaceae
o Arenaria patula Michx. var. patula ---side, summit
0 PrJT9.f.L\:".'.9..h!gid!g[l1j_fg _$_prr;;ng.:--side
o Silene antirrhina L.
Cistaceae
o Helianthemum g eorgianum Chapm.
Convolvulaceae
o I omoea tric/1ocar a E ll. var. trichocar'Ja ---summit
o lpomoea wrightii Gray
o Convolvulus? ---summit
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML
ragt:.) Ul IV
11 /20/2000
"
Cornaceae
o Camus drummondii C.A . Mc . ---summit
Cucurbitaceae
o Cucumis melo L.
o Melothria or Jbervillea (not in flower) ---summit
Cuscutaceae
o Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pubescens (Engelm.) Yuncker--side, summit
Ebenaceae
Euphorbiaceae
o Argythamnia humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg . var. humilis
o Argythamnia mercurialina (Nutt.) Muell. Arg. var . mercurialina ---rim of top
o Croton monanthogynus Michx . ---side
o P.u12lw.rh.irLbimf9r _f:,l!ge!m., .. ~-Qi:~y_::::JQ~'!:eL~i 9 .e
o O:upf!gr_P.iq _mm!/qw. ... k .... :.:.: .... s.ide
o Euphorbia dentata Michx. ---summit
o *Euphorbia longicruris Scheele ---summit (county record ; major range extension)
o Euphorbia missurica Raf. ---side
o Euphorbia nutans Lag.
o £.hy.ll£1nibH§JlQfygQ11Pic!.f§Spreng,_:::§m:nmiJ
o Euphorbia spathulata Lam.---summit
o Tragia urticifolia Michx. (?)
Fabaceae
o Astra ralus crassicar'J11s N utt. ---to of s lo c
o Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. austrinus (Sm.)Shr. & Wigg .
o Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. nuttallianus ---summit
o C/Jamaecrista [asciculata CMichx.) Greene ---side
o Qrlf~qgm:rn.l:'l_tJJLe.x.J?..\Jrlih:::JQ~Y.eL§\9~
o l).gfgqr;gmngq/q Spreng,_y<1J.:.pub?.§f?.11$.(Qrny))}~rne1:.>Y .. :.:: .. loY>'..C::.L .. ~.i4e
o Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC . var. paniculatum
o l11cfigQ.&.rnn1fniq_WQtl , <::L..Y.-~L...JJ.1iniq!ff:::;;ide,g!mJ!ljJ
o Lu12inYs .. ~:ub..fqrnQs11,~H99k, ... ::: ... s.i.9.e,Jn9.stly.l.9wer,Jop
http ://www .csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20 /2000
•
o Lupinus texensis Hook.
o Mimosa strig illosa T. & G . ---base
o P ediomelum rhombifolium (T. & G .) Rydb . ---base
o Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. minima ---rim , edge of mowed lawn
o Vicia minutiflora Di etr.
o Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. s ub sp . leaven worthii (T. & G .) Lassetter & Green
Gentianaceae
o Centaurium texense (Griseb .) Fern . ---side, on bare rock
Hydrophyllaceae
o Nama hispidum Gray ---lower side, base
o Phacelia patuliflora (Enge lm. & Gray) Gray var. patuliflora ---summit
Krameriaceae
Lamiaceae
o H edeoma drummondii Benth .
o H~<f..<!..Qmg_rnv.1!..1:r;h_q11.ii.Orn.Y.-".~LE<!..V.?..n;.hqnii.. .. :.::!i.ic:!e.;;
o Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Lag. subsp. citriodora---upper W s lope
o Physostegia vi rginiana (L.) Benth . ssp. praemorsa (S hinn ers) Canti no ---top (fall )
o &i./lirLcgJff!fil.l&m, ---top_CMD
o Salvia lyrata L.
o SC!!.!dlqr..!g __ cfrn1mn9ncfiL8.e.mh,
o *Trichostema brachiatum L.---rim ; first Texas record for TAMU; possibl e range extension
o Warnockia scutellarioides En "elm. & Gra M. W. Tuner former( in Bra zo ria ---summ it ui;i er sloru:_
Linaceae
o Linwn berla11dieri Hook. var. berla11dieri ---side
Loasaceae
o Mentzelia oligosperma Sims . ---side, mostly lower
Malvaceae
o Callirhoe leiocar a Martin ---u
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis
>
o Mgfvaviscu .~:grboreu~ Cav. vai :,drununond.i.LIJ. & G .) SchJ;!!)'_.:-_--s ummit ed_g~
o Sida abutifolia Mill.
Menispermaceae
o Cocculus carolinus (L.) D C.--summ it
Moraceae
o Morus rubra L
Nyctaginaceae
o B oerh avia diffusa L. ---summit
o Mirabilis lin ea ris (Pursh) Heimerl. (fruit with influence o f M. albida) ---summit
Onagraceae
o Calylophus berlandieri Spach s ubsR . berlandieri ---side
o Gau ra parviflora Hook.
o Gaura sujfulta Enge lm. ex Gray subsp. sujfulta
Oxalidaceae
Passifloraceae
Plantaginaceae
o Plantago hookeriana Fisch . & Mey
o Plantago rhodosperma D ene. ---summit
Polygalaceae
o Polvgala alba Nutt. ---lower left side
Ranunculaceae
o Anemone berlandieri Pritzel
http://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Taxa of O utcrop , Grimes Co .--type locality for Agalin is navasotensis
.)
o De lpJ1iJ.!.i tm!_f.{ll'Of i nia ~w1n W 'llL:.:.:_.le I eari !]gLQ.P..GL1i.ng_QIL summit
o Ranuncu lusfascicularis Muhl. ---base
Rubiac eae
o Qgh!W!.PP£l!'.i!1?..l,,~..::...!il,IT.:l}l'.11lt
o Galium virgatum Nutt
0 H?..dY.9!is.nigr.irn.n!I _(.k.i.\DU fQ§R ., ... :.:.:J!.i.QG,§IJ.DJ:mi!.
Rut acea e
o f.Jg [rnJr.ifQl!r.ftq_1.,f>.®.W,Jr.if.qJiq_!fl~ar . 1119.l!i$...T... & G~:--su_ml)1it
o Zanthoxylum sp. ---side
Salicaceae
0 ,'igJix11.igrqMm:!ih, :::_5.Y .. §i..QG,PJ:G§.!J .t:DC:l.P..lyi .. r.L9rnini!gG.
Sapindaceae
o (/ngngd.i.g ... ~P<;.9..f.Q.~g~:r:i9J ., ... ::.: ... §.ummitn .Qr.th .. r.im
Sapotaceae
o SJ4..?..rn,yy_lQ!.!.k!.!!!!ginQ ,rn!!LMic;_br..,(=Bum elia lanu gino sa (Michx.) Pers. ---summit
Scrophulariaceae
o !.!.gq/i11i,~J1fil?..!'.QP.f:udl£LLl':'.iJJJ!J_S...!ItC:lJLG2'.J2.r.i!\,_&.,AJ~L :::J>ast;,J.QR
o Agalinis na vasotensis Dubrul.c & Ca nn c-Hillikc r ---side to top
o (q§t.if1?..).fLin4ivi$..q E11g~[m,::.:J_g_~Lli9.~ ... _b~.l?G
0 E?..t1$..I?..1110ll _(Obq_(!!LN!JtL ..::.::_fil..c!t:":.
Ulmaceae
o ('glj/,£.}q_?..Y iggtqI'l".iU~:L ::::>..ummit
o Ce/tis reticulata Torr. ---summ it
o Ulmu s am ericana L.
V alerianace ae
o Valerianellajlorifera Sh inners
o Ygl?..rf.qn_iz.lfarqd.ii:zJg(k ,}P_L!.fL VC\Lrqd.i.qJg.-.::.::S.,§i9~_nG_ll.LLQ.i.\.Q
http ://www .csd l.tam u.ed u/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co .--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis
.)
Verbenaceae
o Phyla nodiflora Greene
o Y.~t:b..g_nqJ1iPi.tl!!ilti.fllf.ffN.lJJ.L:::_§.l.!Dm1it
o Verbena officinlais L. subsp. halei (Small) Barber
Violaceae
o Hybanthus verticillatus (Ort.) Bail I. var. verticillatus --meadow on summit
Vitaceae
o Cissus incisa (Nutt.) Des Moul. ---side, in tree
o Parthenocis sus quinquefOlia (L.) Planch ---summit
o bLis m_1~ta11gensisj3ucl<.l....::.:...§.ide
Liliopsida (Monocots)
Agavaceae
o Manfreda sp. ---side (not observed flowering)
Commelinaceae
o Commelina erecta L.
o Tradescantia hirsutiilora Bush ---midslopc?
Cyperaceae
o Carex cherokee11sis Schwein ---S. side near road
o Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook.
o Cyperus croce us Yahl.
o Cyperus strigosus L. ---wet area on s ummit
o Fuirena simplex Yahl. ---wet area on summit
Liliaceae
o A Ilium canadense L.
o 4..!.U.Y.md.rnm111@4iU3&g!;";J .. _= .... S..,.-~.i<;!g_D~<.lLrnl!ct, ... ~.mnmLt
o Nothoscord11111 bivalve CL.) Britt.
0 Yt_tfffLW_,__:::§.iQ~
o l.igg_ef.g_!IYd.l!H!JJJJJjj(Qrny)S... W <.lt§, ---siq~,_h_asG.
http://www .csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis •
Orchid aceae
o S irantlies cemua L. L. C. Rich
Po aceae
o Andropogon gerardii Vitman var. gerardii ---midslope
o Aristida oligantha Michx.
o Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng.
o Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. cu rtipendula ---side
o Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth in HBK.) Lag . ex Griffiths ---side
o Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. ---lower side
o Brachiaria texana (Buck!.) S. T. Blake ---roadside
o Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) A . S . Hitchc. var. rigidiseta
o Brachiaria texana (Buck!.) S. T. Blake
o Catapodium rigidum (L.) C. E . Hubb . ex Dony ---summit
o {,~f11c li 111__uncei:!11~M,_A,_(;.J!!Ji§.~..::.::.§i_ct~
o Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. ---side, mostly lower
o Dichanthelium sp.
o Digitaria bico rnis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. ---side
o Digitaria cognata (Schu lt.) Pilger
o Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ---summit in lawn
o Elymus virginicus L. ---rim?
o Eragrostis secundiljlora Pres!. subsp . oxylepis (Torr.) S. D. Koch
o Eragrostis sessilispica Buck!.
o Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. ---side
o Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) L. H . Dewey ---rim of slope
o Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. ---s lope
o Panicum capillare L.
o Paspalumjloridanum Michx. var. glabratum Engelm ex Vasey
o Paspalum langei (Fourn .) Nash
o Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn var. pubijlorum
o Paspalum urvillei Steud. ---unmowed rim
o Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K . Schum.
o Setaria scheelei (Steud .) Hitchc. ---summit in shade (unusual in region .)
o Sorghastrum nutan s (L.) Nash ---side
o Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth
o Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray
o Sporobolus ozarkanus Fern .
o Tridensjlavus (L.) Hitchc. var.jlavus
o Vulpia octojlora (Walt.) Rydb .
prepared by Monique Reed and J. R . Manhart . Last updated February 19 , 2000
Many thanks to Dr. Stephan L. Hatch of the Texas A&M Tracy Herbari um for help with identification of grasses .
r-·······--······-······----···········-··-···--·-······--·-· --··--·-···---··-·--........................................ ···················-······················-···-···· ................ ·····-····--···················-·····-·· .. -· .. ·· .
http ://www.csdl.tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co .--type locality tor Aganms navasut1::11s1s
• ...l
Please send us yo ur comments, sugge stion s, and correctio ns
~-·······--••H-H••••••---•••HH-••0000 oooOOO•o••-••OOO•o••-••-••••••• ••••••••• ••••••H•-••••••••-•••••OoOHOoOooooOOOOHOOOO••OOOOOHHOOOHOOOHOOOOH•OOOOOO•o•oo••••••-••••••••••••-•••••
0rim~.i..C.QJJ.n.1Y_0.1!tc;:rnp!::IQD.J~..P.~g!:.
r--·--mHOHHomo-OOOOOH•OO-•-•OOOO••--•HOOOOOHO->•OO•OHHHHuoooHHuuoH•O""••H•o••ooumo•o•OHO••-•mOOOHO • .............................. -................ ---1
http ://www.csdl .tamu .edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLJST.HTML 11 /20/2000
Lady· Bird. Jol111.501i. ,.Wildflower Center
Southwest Recormnended Native Plant Species List
Educating people about the environmental n ecessity, economic
value, and natural beauty of native plants
4801 La Crosse Avenue
Austin, Texas 78739-1702
(512) 292-4200
www.wildflower.org
Range: States in which species can be planted. * Rare, endangered, or threatened in that state.
Comments: Average plant height, bloom color and period, habitat (moisture and shade), and special features.
Herbaceous plants are perennials unless noted.
Botanical Name Common Name(s) Native Range Comments
I Cacti and Succulents
Agave deserli Century plant AZ 2-6 ft ., yellow, June, dry, sun
Agave neomexicana Century plant, NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, June-July, dry, sun
New Mexico agave ·
Agave palmeri Palmer agave, AZ*NM 3-6 ft., yellow-green, June-Aug., dry, sun
Blue century plant
Agavepanyi Century plant, Parry agave AZ*NM 1-3 ft., yellow, June-Aug., dry, sun
Dasylirion spp. Soto!, Desert pampas grass, AZ NM TX 1-3 ft., yellow, May-July, dry, sun to
Desert spoon partial shade
Echinocereus engelmannii Hedgehog cactus, AZ* 4-12 in., pink, Feb.-May, dry, sun, spiny,
Strawberry cactus red fruit
Echillocereus fendferi Strawberry cactus, AZ*NM To 1 ft., purple, May-June, dry, sun
Fendler hedgehog
Echinocereus pecinatus Rainbow hedgehog AZ*NM 1-3 ft., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun
var. rigidissimus
Ferocactus wislizeni Fishhook barrel cactus, AZ NM TX To 6 ft ., orange-yellow, Aug .-Sept., dry,
Southwestern barrel cactus sun, yellow fruit
Opuntia chlorotica Pancake pear, AZ*NM 3-8 ft., yellow, May-June, dry, sun,
Silver-dollar cactus fleshy, purplish fruit
Op11ntia erinacea Grizzly, Hedgehog, or AZ* 6-24 in., rose to yellow, May-June, dry,
Mohave prickly pear sun, spiny fruit
Opuntia imbricata Tree cholla, AZ* NM OK* TX To 6 ft., purple-red, May-June, dry, sun
Walkingstick cholla
Opuntia macrorhiza Common prickly pear AZ* NM OK TX 6-10 in., yellow, May-July, dry, sun,
reddish-purple fruit
Opuntia phaeacantha Purple-fruited prickly pear AZ*NMTX 3-6 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, dry, sun to
part shade
Yucca arkansana Arkansas yucca, OKTX 1--6 ft., white to cream-green, May-~ct.,
Soft leaf yucca dry, sun to part shade
Jl1cca baccata Blue yucca, Banana yucca, AZ * NM TX 1-3 ft., white-cream, Apr.-July, dry, sun
Fleshy-fruited yucca
Yucca brevifo/ia Joshua tree AZ* 15-40 ft., creamy-white, Mar.-May,
dry, sun
S n u th wc~t Reco mme n de d Nat ive P lan t Species List 2001 P age l
Prioted ,~n llc"·.:lcd l '21h."(
]Cactus continued.
}/1cca elata Soaptree yucca, Palmilla AZ* NM TX 5-20 ft ., white-cream, May-June, dry, sun
Yitcca gla11ca Yucca, Soapweed AZ NM OK TX 3-6 ft., white-cream, June-Aug.,
mesic-dry to dry, sun
Yitcca schottii Hoary yucca, AZNM To 6 ft., white-cream, Apr.-Aug., dry,
Mountain yucca sun
1· Ferns
Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern maidenhair fem AZ NM OK TX 1 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial
shade, ground cover
Bot1ychium virginianum Rattlesnake fern NM OK TX 2-3 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, shade
Cystopteris bulbifera Bladder fern AZ NM TX 2-4 ft., wet-mesic, shade
Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fem AZ NM OK TX 10-12 in., wet-mesic to mesic, shade to
partial shade
Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fem, Bead fern OKTX 6-36 in ., wet to wet-mesic, shade to
partial sun
Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fem OKTX 4-6 ft., wet to wet-mesic, shade
Osmunda regalis Royal fern OKTX 4-6 ft ., wet to wet-rnesic, sun to
partial shade
Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern OKTX 1-3 ft., wet-mesic to rnesic, shade,
evergreen ground cover
Thelypteris norma/is Southern shield fern, TX 2 1/2-3 ft., wet-mesic, shade to
Wood fem, River fern partial shade
Woodwardia areolata Netted chain fem TX 1-2 ft., wet, shade, ground cover
, Grass-like
Juncus interior · Inland rush OKTX 1-2 ft., wet-rnesic to dry, sun
Nolina texana Sacahuista, Basket grass, AZ*NM OK*TX 1-2 ft., white, dry, sun
Texas beargrass
Scirpus va/idus Great bulrush AZ NM OK TX 3-9 ft., wet, sun
Typha latifolia Cattail AZ NM OK TX 4-8 ft., wet, sun
:I Grasses
Agropyron smithii Western wheatgrass AZ NM OK TX 1-2 1/2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Agrostis exarata Spikebent, Spike red top AZ NM TX 1-3 ft ., wet-mesic to rnesic, partial shade
Agrostis scabra Ticklegrass, Fly-away grass AZ NM OK TX .2-3 112 ft., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun
Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot AZ NM OK TX 3-8 ft., wet-mesic to rnesic-dry, sun,
fall color
Andropogon glomeratus Bushy bluestern OKTX 2-3 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, sun, fall color
Andropogon hal/ii Sand bluestem AZ NM OK TX 3-5 ft., dry, sun
Andropogon ternarius Splitbeard bluestem OKTX l 112-4 ft ., mesic-dry to dry, sun to
partial shade
Aristida longiseta Red three awn AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun
Aristida purpurea Purple three awn AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., mesic to dry, sun
Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Bouteloua eriopoda Black grama AZNMOK*TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun
Bouteloua gracilis Bluegrama AZ NM OK TX l ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun
South west R erntnnh:nut!d N ati ve P la n t Spec ies Lis t 2001
-'\:., l ..;1<.f\' Bi rd J,•lrnNlO \\'t),jfi,.;,,·1 \..<Oh·•·
Page 2
P1 in tH l •.•n R"·.:~-d .. ·.f r1<!P..,'J'
~·c . , _.-:, rasscs cont111u12a
Bout eloua hirsu ta Hairy grama AZ NM OK TX 6-2 4 in ., dry, sun
Buch/oe da ctyloides Buffalo grass AZ NM OK TX 3-12 in ., mesic to dry, sun, soft,
gray-green turf
Calamagrostis canadensis Bluejoint grass AZNM 3-5 ft ., wet to mes ic, sun
Chasmanthium latifoliwn Inland sea oats, Wild oats, OKTX 2-4 ft., wet-mesic, sun to partial shade,
River oats fall color
Dantho11ia califomica Californi a oatgrass AZNM 1-1 1/2 ft., wet-mesic, sun to
partial shade
Danthonia inlermedia Timber oatgrass AZNM 6-24 in., wet to mesic-dry, sun to
partial shade
Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted hairgrass AZNM 2-3 ft., wet to wet-mesic, sun
Distichlis spicata Seashore saltgrass TX Up to 3 ft., wet, sun
var. spicala
Distichlis stricta Inland saltgrass AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., wet, sun
Elymus canadensis .Canada wild rye AZNMOKTX 2-4 ft., mesic to dry, sun to shade
Eragrostis intermedia Plains love grass AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesis-dry to dry, sun
Eragrostis spectabilis Purple love grass, AZ NM OK TX 8-18 in., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Tumblegrass
Erianthus giganleus Sugarcane plume grass TX 6-10 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, sun to
partial shade, fluffy, reddish-peach
seed heads
Hierochloe odorata Sweet grass AZNM 1-2 ft., wet to mesic, sun
Hilaria belangeri Curly mesquite AZ NM TX 2-12 in ., mesis-dry to dry, sun
Hilaria mulica Tobosa grass AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., mesic to dry, sun
Koeleria macrantha June grass AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Leptochloa dubia Green sprangletop AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, sun
Melica nitens Three-flower melic grass OKTX 2-4 fl, mesic to dry, sun
Texas crowfoot -
Muh/enbergia capillaris Gulf muhly, Hair grass OKTX I 1/2-3 ft., dry, sun, fall color
Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Lindheimer's muhly TX 2-4 ft., wet to mesic, Sept-Dec., sun
Muhlenbergia montana Mountain muhly AZ NM TX 1-2 1/2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, Sept., sun to
partial shade
Muhlenbergia porteri Bush muhly AZNM OKTX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, July-Sept., sun
Muhlenbergia reverchonii Seep muhly OKTX l-3ft., mesic-dry to dry, July-Sept., sun
Muhlenbergia rigida Purple muhly AZNMTX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, Aug.-Nov., sun,
purple foliage
Muhlenbergia wrightii Spikemuhly AZNM 6-24 in ., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Oryzopsis hymenoides Indian ricegrass AZ NM TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun
· . Panicum obtusum Vine mesquite AZ NM OK TX 10-30 in., wet-mesic to dry, sun
Panicum virgatum Switchgrass AZ NM OK TX 3-6 ft ., wet-mesic to dry, sun
Phleum alpinum Alpine timothy AZNM 1 ft ., wet to wet-mesic, sun
Poa arachnifera Texas bluegrass OKTX 1-3 ft., Mar.-May, mesic-dry, sun
Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft ., mesic to dry, sun, fall color
Sorghastnim nutans Indian grass AZ NM OK TX 3-8 ft ., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun,
fall color
So uthwest R c c\m rnH.'tH.l e d Native P l ant Species List 2.00 1
\:. Lod\o Bi (d _l ,'1h t\,fH\ \\.'ildil,•\\L'r c~mr r
Page 3
Pri nt ed fH\ HC"~·.:l c-d P~1 w1
·,Gras~cs ~on tin ucd
Spartina peclinata Prairie cordgrass, NM OK TX 5-6 ft., wet to mesic, sun
Freshwater cordgrass
Sporobolus airoides Alkali sacaton AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun
Sporobo/us asper Tall dropseed AZ NM OK TX 2-4 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Sp orobo/us cryptandrus Sand dropseed AZNMOKTX 1-3 ft ., dry, sun
Spo robo /us flexuos us Mesa dropseed AZNMTX 1-3 ft., dry, Sept.-Nov., sun
Stipa coma/a Needle-and-thread grass AZ NM OK* TX 2-4 ft ., mesic-dry to dry, sun
Stipa speciosa D es ert needlegrass, AZ 1-2 ft., dry, sun
Spear grass
Trichloris crinita Two-flowered trichloris AZ NM TX 2-4 ft., wet to mesic, Apr.-Sept, sun
Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gamagrass OKTX 2-3 ft ., wet to mesic, sun to partial sun
Trisetum spicalum Spike trisetum AZNM 6-24 in., wet to mesic, sun
Shrubs
Abutilon hypoleucum · Rio Grande abutilon TX 3-4 ft., yellow, Mar.-Oct., mesic, sun to
partial shade
Acacia angustissima Fern acacia, AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., creamy white, May-July,
var. hirta White-ball acacia mesic-dry to dry, sun, leaflets sensitive
Acacia constricla Whitethom, Mescat acacia AZNMTX 3-9 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic-dry, sun,
yellow spines
Acacia rigidula Black brush, Gavia TX 3-9 ft., whitish, mesic-dry, sun,
Chaparro prieto, Catclaw white bark
Acacia roemeriana Roemer acacia, Catclaw TX 3-5 ft., creamy white, Mar.-Apr.,
mesic-dry, sun, cat claw-like prickles
Acacia wrightii Catclaw, Wright acacia TX 3-6 ft ., creamy white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-
dry, sun, cat claw-like prickles
Ageratina havanense Mistflower, Shrubby boneset TX 1-6 ft., pinkish-white, Oct.-Nov., dry, sun
A/nus incana Speckled alder, NM 20-35 ft., deciduous, wet, sun
Mountain alder
Aloysia gratissima Bee brush, Whitebrush, NMTX Up to 9 ft ., white-green, Mar.-Oct., sun,
Privet lippia vanilla fragrant blooms
Amelanchier utahensis Utah serviceberry AZ NM TX Up to 15 ft., white, Apr.-June, mesic-dry,
sun, purple-black fiuit
Amorpha fruticosa False indigo, Indigo bush NM OK TX 6-10 ft ., purple, June, deciduous,
wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun
Anisacanthus quadrififus Flame acanthus, TX 2-4 ft., red-orange, June-Aug., mesic-
var. wrightii Hummingbird bush dry, sun
Anisacanthus thurberi Chuparosa, AZ NM TX 2-8 ft ., orange-red, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun,
Desert honeysuckle white exfoliating bark
Arctostaphylos pringle i Pink-bracted manzanita AZ 3-8 ft., rose, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun,
dark red fruit
Ascyrum hypericoides St. Andrew's cross OKTX 6-36 in ., yellow, June-Sept., yellow,
dry, sun
Atrip/ex canescens Four-wing saltbush, AZ NM OK TX 2 -7 ft., mesic-dry ·to dry, sun, dioecious
Wingscale
Atriplex confertifolia Spiny saltbush, Hop sage AZNMTX 2 -3 ft ., mesic-dry to dry, sun, dioecious
Shadscale saltbush
Southw~~t R ~eornmen ded Native Plant Species Li st 2001
!.';.' l .:h]~ 'Bird loirn">t1n V\'i ldu. "\tr {...:tth·r
Page -t
Priru.~;J <.:11 H{~c,·.:kd P.1p~ r
.'iShrubs cont inued
Atriplex lentiformis Saltbush, Coasta l qu ail bush AZ NM Up to I 0 ft ., m esic-dry to d ry, sun,
silver fol ia ge
Baulrinia congesta Orchid tree, TX 6-12 ft., white-ligh t p ink, Mar.-May,
Anacacho orch id tree me sic-dry to dry, sun, deciduo u s
Bouvardia glab errima Smooth bouvardia AZNM Up to 3 ft ., red , dry, sun
Bouvardia ternifo/ia Scarlet bouvardia, AZ NM TX 3-6 ft ., red, May-Nov., dry, sun
Trompetilla, Clavillo
Bumelia lanuginosa Chittamwood, AZ NM OK TX Up to 45 ft., white, May-July, dry, sun to
var. oblongifolia Gum elastic tree partial shade
Cal/iandra eriophylla Fairy duster, Mesquitilla AZNMTX 10-36 in ., red-purple, mesic to dry, sun
Callicarpa americana American beautyberry, OKTX Up to 12 ft., blue, pink, red or white,
French mulberry mesic to dry, sun, pink-violet fruit
Castanea pumila Chinquapin OKTX Up to 30 ft., yellow, June, mesic-dry to
dry, partial sun, fall color
Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea, Red root OKTX 2-3 ft., white, June-Aug., deciduous,
mesic to dry, sun to partial shade,
sub-shrub
Ceanothus fend/eri Fendler ceanothus, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., white, Apr.-Aug., mesic-dry, sun
Buck brush
Ceanothus greggii Desert ceanothus AZ NM TX. 3-12 ft., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun
var. vestitus
Ce/tis pa/Iida Desert hackberry, Granjeno AZ NM TX 9-18 ft., greenish-white, mesic to dry,
sun, orange-red fruit
Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush OKTX 10-15 ft., white, July-Aug., deciduous,
wet to wet-mesic, sun to partial sun,
persistent nutlets
Cercidium microphyl/11m Foothills palo verde, AZ Up to 18 ft., yellow, Apr.-May,
Littleleaf palo verde deciduous, dry, sun, spiny, yellow-green
twigs, often leafless
Cercidium texanum Palo verde TX Up to 25 ft., yellow, mesic to dry, sun,
yellow-green twigs, deciduous
Cercocarpus montanus Mountain mahogany, AZ NM OK* TX Up to 12 ft., Apr.-June, dry, sun
Silverleaf mountain mahogany
Chamaebatiaria millefolium Fembush, Desert sweet, AZ 3-12 ft., white, July-Sept., dry, sun to
Tansy bush partial shade
Choisya dumosa Mexican orange, NMTX 3-6 ft., white, July-Sept., mesic to dry,
StarleafMexican orange sun, aromatic
Chrysactinia mexicana Damiani ta NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Apr.-Sept., mesic to dry,
sun, evergreen, aromatic
Chrysothamnus nauseosus Rabbit brush, Chamisa AZ OK* NM TX Up to 7 ft., yellow, Sept.-Oct, mesic to
dry, sun, white felty twigs
Colubrina texensis Texas snakewood, TX Up to 15 ft., greenish-white, Apr.-May,
Hog plum dry, sun, persistent brown-black fruit
Conda/ia hookeri Condalia, Brasil, Bluewood TX Up to 6 ft., dry, sun, red heartwo.od,
thorns, dark blue fruit
Cornus drummondii Rough-leaf dogwood OKTX Up to 15 ft ., white, May-Aug., mesic-dry,
sun, white fruit
Cowania erica efolia Heath cliffrose TX Up to 3 ft., white to yellow, dry, sun,
evergreen, silvery f ruit
-So uth west RcconHn (·nded Native Plan t Species Li st 2.00 1 Pa~c ':>
Pri nu!d \~II H<""""l'•:Jr.:d J-'.\i'c-1
.JShrubs conti nued
Cowania mex icana Cliff rose AZ NM 4-10 ft ., w hite, Apr.-July, evergreen, dry,
var. stansburiana sun, feathery seed plumes, grayish-
peeling bark
Crossosoma bigelovii Crossosoma AZ U p to 6 ft ., white, Feb.-Apr., dry, sun
Da l ea /ormosa Feather plume, Feather dalea AZNM OK*TX 1-3 ft ., rose-yellow, June-Sept., d ry, sun
Dal ea /rotescens Black dalea NM OK TX 1-3 ft., purple, July-O ct., dry, s un
Dalea greggii Indigo bush, Gregg dalea TX 3 ft., reddish-lavender to purple, Mar.-
A u g., dry, sun, gray to mentose
Dalea scop aria Broom d alea, B ro om pea AZNMTX 1-4 ft., white-dark b lue, A ug.-Sept.,
dry, su n
En ce lia fa rinos a B ri ttle bush AZ Up to 3 ft., orange-ye llow, Mar.-Apr.,
dry, sun, fragrant resin
Ephedra nevadensis Mormon t ea AZ Up to 5 ft., Apr., dry, sun
Ephedra trifurca Ephedra, Joint fi r AZNM TX Up to 6 ft ., reddish-brown, M ar.-Apr.,
dry, sun, d ioe c ious, cones
Ephedra viridis Mormon tea AZ To 3 ft., vivid green, dry, sun
Ericameria laricifolia Larchleaf goldenweed, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., yellow, Oct.-Nov., dry sun
Turpentine bush
Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat AZ Up to 3 ft., white to pinkish, dry, sun,
woolly under leaves, heath-like
Erythrina jlabelliform is Western coral b ean, AZNM 15-18 ft ., bright red, dry, sun, spiny,
Indian bean, Chilicote blooms before le aves
Erythrina herbacea Coral bean TX Up to 25 ft., scarlet, Apr.-June , dry, sun,
persistent foli age
Euonymus americanus Strawberry bush, OKTX 6-12 ft., green, May-June, wet-mesic to
Brook euonymus, mesic, shade to partial sun, fall color,
Hearts-a-bustin red fruit
Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo, Burning bush OK TX 20-25 ft., d eciduous, wet to mesic,
partial shade to shade, fall color,
persistent seeds ·
Eupatorium odoratum Blue mistflower, Crucita TX 3-6 ft ., lilac to blue, Aug.-Sept., mesic,
sun, fragrant
Eurotia /anata Winterfat AZNM OK*.TX l-3 ft ., white, Mar.-June, deciduous,
mesic-dry to dry, sun
Eysenhardtia texana Vara dulce, Kidneywood TX Up to 9 ft ., white to pale yellow, Apr.-
Sept., dry, sun, fragrant
Fallugia paradoxa Apache plume AZNMTX 2-6 ft., white, May-Aug., deciduous, dry,
sun, semi-evergreen, pink seed-plumes
Fend/era ropicola False mock orange , AZNMTX Up to 6 ft., white, Mar.-May, dry, sun,
Cliff fendl er bush leathery
Forestiera acuminata Swamp p rivet OK TX Up to 30 ft ., green ish-y e llow, wet-mesic,
partia l shade, deciduous, d ark brown
fruit
Forestiera neomex icana Desert o live, Elbow-bush, AZ NM OKTX 4 -9 ft., deciduous, d ry, sun
Forestiera
Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo AZ NM TX 6-2 1 ft., red, Mar.-June, dry, su n, slender
stems, mostly leafless, spin es
Southwest Recommen d e d Native Plant Specie:. List 2.001 Page 6
~~. Ladv HU\I J •. ,h 1\~•·1i \\'ikli h.l\\,·r (\·nh.T PdnH·d ,rn H. .. · .. ·~·rk·.I T'.;p.:1
·.Shrubs continued
Fraxinus greggii Littleleaf ash, Gregg ash, AZNMTX Up to 25 ft ., dry, sun, spiny, nearly
Escobilla evergreen, dark gray-b lack b ark
Gari)'a wrightii Wright's catclaw, AZNMTX 3-12 ft ., May-Aug., dry, sun, dark
Wright's silk tassel blue fruit
Hamame/i s vernalis Vernal witch hazel OKTX Up to 9 ft, yellow-red, Jan.-Apr.,
wet-mesic, sun to partial shade
Hespe ra/oe.parvijlora Red yucca TX Up to 4 ft ., rosy-red, Mar.-July, mesic-
dry, sun
Hibiscus cardiophy llus Heart-leaf hibiscus TX l-2 ft., crimson-rose/red, Mar.-Oct., dry,
Tulipan del monte sun, tomentose, mainly h erbaceous
Hibiscus denudatus Rock hibiscus AZNMTX 1-2 ft., lavender-purple, Mar.-Oct, dry, sun
Holodiscus dumosus Bush rockspirea, AZNMTX Up to 3 ft., white to pink, June-Sept.,
Cream bush, Ocean spray dry, sun '
/lex verticillata Winterberry, OKTX 3-10 ft., deciduous, wet to mesic-dry,
Michigan holly, Black alder shade to partial shade, persistent
red berries
I/ex vomiloria Yaupon OK•TX 12-25 ft ., white, Mar.-May, evergreen,
wet to dry, sun to shade, persistent,
red berries
/tea virginica Sweetspire, Tassel-white OK•TX 6-8 ft., _white, May, deciduous, wet to
mesic, partial sun, fall color,
semi-evergreen
Juniperus monosperma One-seed juniper AZNMOK•TX Up to 18 ft, dry, sun, evergreen, blue-
black fruit
Justica califomica Chuparosa AZ 4 ft, red, mesic-dry to dry, sun
Lantana urticoides Trailing lantana, TX Up to 6 ft., yellow-oran~e-red, wet to
Calico bush dry, sun, black fruit
Larrea tridentata Creosote bush AZNMTX Up to 9 ft, yellow, Feb.-Aug., dry, sun,
gray bark, creosote scent
Leucophyllum f rutescens Cenizo, Texas sage, TX 6-8 ft ., purple, year-round, dry, sun,
Purple sage tomentose
Lindera benwin Spicebush OKTX 3-12 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous,
wet-mesic to mesic, partial shade, glossy
red fiuit
Lanicera albijlora White honeysuckle OKTX Up to 8 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun,
orange fruit, twining
Lycium andersonii Anderson wolfberry AZNM 1-9 ft ., purple-white, Jan.-May, dry, sun,
spines, red fruit
Mahonia f remontii Fremont barberry, AZNM 3-15 ft., yellow, May-July, mesic-dry,
Holly grape sun, evergreen, blue-black fruit
Mahonia haematocarpa Red barberry AZ NM TX 3-12 ft ., yellow, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun,
red fiuit
Mahonia repens Creeping barberry, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, evergreen,
Oregon grape mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, purpl: fruit,
winter color
Mahonia trifolio/ata Agarito, Trifoliate barberry AZNMTX Up to IO ft., yellow, Feb.-Apr., dry, sun,
red aromatic fruit, evergreen
Southwes t R ecommended Native Plant Spc;>cies List 2001 Page 7
Pri11l\'\I 1•n Tt,·,·~d\·.I f'.tp .. ·i·
~J Shruh s co n tinu ed
Malvaviscus arboreus Turk's-cap mallow, TX Up to 9 ft., red , year-round, wet-mesic,
var. drummondii Texas wax mallow, sun to partial shade
Mexican apple, Manzanilla
Mimosa borealis Pink mimosa, NM OK TX Up to 3 ft ., pink, Apr.-July, mesic-dry,
Fragrant mimosa sun
Myrica cerifera Wax myrtle, Candleberry OKTX 6-12 ft., evergreen, wet to dry, sun to
Southern bayberry partial sun, whitish bark
Parthenium incanum Mario la AZ NM TX 1-3 ft ., white, June-Sept., dry, sun,
aromatic
Pilhecellobium flexica ule Texas ebony, E bano TX Up to 30 ft., white-yellow, Apr.-July,
part'ial shade, dark bark, red seeds
Poliomintha incana · Mintbush AZ NM TX Up to 2 ft., lavender to white, Apr.-June,
dry, sun
Potenlilla fruticosa Potentilla, AZNM 3-4 ft., yellow, June-Sept, deciduous,
Shrubby cinquefoil wet to dry, sun
Prosopsis glandulosa Honey mesquite AZ NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., yellowish-white, Apr.-May,
mesic-dry to dry, sun
Prunus gracilis Oklahoma plum OKTX Up to 4 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic, sun
to part shade, yellow-red fruit
Prunus virginiana Chokecherry AZ NM OK TX 30-50 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous,
mesic-dry, sun to shade,
dark-purple fruit
Psiloslrophe cooperi Paperflower, NMAZ Up to 2 ft., yellow paper-like, Apr.-Oct.,
Yellow paper daisy dry, sun, white stems
Purshia lridenlala Antelope brush AZNM 2-10 ft ., yellow, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun
Qu ercus turbine/la Shrub live oak AZ NM TX Up to 15 ft., yellow-green catkins,
mesic-dry, sun, evergreen, acorns
Rhododendron canescens Piedmont azalea, OKTX 10-15 ft ., white to pink, Feb.-May,
Sweet azalea deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, shade to
partial shade
Rhododendron oblongifolium Texas aza lea OKTX 1-5 ft., reddish, Mar., mesic-dry, sun,
deciduous, reddish brown stems
Rims aromalica Fragrant sumac OKTX 6-12 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry, sun, fall
color, persistent berries
Rhus choriophylla Evergreen sumac AZ NM TX Up to 9 ft., white, July-Aug., dry, sun
Rhus copallina Shining sumac, OKT'x 20-35 ft., deciduous, dry, sun, fall color,
Flameleaf sumac, persistent red fruit
Winged sumac
Rhus glabra Smooth sumac AZ NM OK TX 10-20 ft., deciduous, dry, sun, fall color,
persistent berries
Rhus lanceolala Prairie flameleaf sumac, NM OK*TX Up to 30 ft., greenish-white, July-Aug.,
Lanceleaf sumac dry, sun
Rhus microphylla Desert sumac, AZNM OK*TX Up to 15 ft., white, Mar.-May, dry, sun
Littleleaf sumac, Correosa
Rhus ova/a Sugar bush, Sugar sumac AZ 10-15 ft., light yellow, Mar.-May, dry,
sun, dark red, hairy fruit
Rhus virens Evergreen sumac, TX Up to 12 ft., white, July-Sept., dry, sun to
Tobacco sumac partial shade
Sou thw e~c Recommended Native Plant Species Li.st 2.00 1
:\:. l..id,· l3 ird Jt,l rn"tflU \Vi ld flflni.·r Center
Page 8
PrimC"d ~m H"·"·~d\·,f J'.t fh.:1
j Shrubs con t in u e d
Ribes aureum Golden currant \ AZNM 3-6 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous ,
wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to p artial
shade, orange berries
Ribes cereum Wax currant, AZ NM OK* 3-6 ft., pink, Apr.-July, mesic-dry, sun to
Western red currant, partial shade
Squaw currant
Ribes odoratum Buffalo currant, OKTX 6-12 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous,
Golden currant mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, fall color,
black berries
Robinia neomexicana New Mexico locust, AZ NM TX Up to 24 ft., rose, Apr.-Aug., mesic, sun,
Mescal bean flat pods
Rosa arizonica Arizona wild rose AZNM Up to 3 ft., pink, May-Jul y, mesic, sun,
small curved prickles
Rosa arkansana Prairie rose NM OK TX Up to 6 ft., pink, May-Aug., dry, sun
var. suffulta
Rosa carolina Carolina rose OKTX 1-3 ft., pink, May-June, deciduous, mesic
to dry, sun to shade
Rosa setigera Illinois rose OKTX 2-6 ft., deep pink, June-July, deciduous,
var. tomenlosa mesic to dry, sun
Rosa stellala Desert rose, Star rose AZNMTX 16-24 in ., rose-purple, June-Sept.,
dry, sun
Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry, OK 3-7 ft., whitish. Apr.-May, mesic-dry,
Thimbleberry sun to partial shade, black aromatic berry
Rubus parviflorus Western thirnbleberry AZNM 3-6 ft., white, June-July, mesic, sun to
partial shade, unarmed, red berries
Rubus slrigosus Red raspberry AZNM Up to 6 ft., white, May-July, mesic-dry
to dry, sun
Sabal minor Dwarf palmetto OK*TX 5-10 ft., white, Apr.-June, evergreen, wet
to wet-mesic, shade to sun, black fruit
Salvia greggii Autumn sage TX Up to 3 ft., red-purple, Mar.-May,
dry, sun
Salvia reg/a Royal sage, Mountain sage TX Up to 6 ft., red, June-Sept., dry, sun to
partial shade
Sambucus canadensis Elderberry, Common elder OKTX 10-12 ft., white, June-July, deciduous,
wet-mesic to mesic-dry, shade to sun,
bluish-black berries
Sambucus mexicana Mexican elderberry AZNMTX l 0-20 ft., white to yellow, Mar.-Sept.,
deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to partial
shade, bluish-black berries
Senna wislizenii Shrubby senna, AZNMTX 4-9 ft ., yellow, May-July, dry, sun, dark
Canyon senna branches
Shepherdia argentea Silver buffaloberry AZNM 6-20 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry to dry,
sun, yellow to red berries
Sophora affinis Eve's necklace OKTX 6-30 ft., white to rosy-pink, Apr.-May,
dry, sun, deciduous, black leathery "fruit
Sophora secundiflora Mountain laurel, NMTX Up to 35 ft., violet, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun,
Mescal bean evergreen, attractive pod
Sorbus dumosa Mountain ash AZNM 3-15 ft., white, June, dry, sun to partial
shade
South>vcs l R ci:o mmendcd Native Plan l Speci es List 2001
!.-! L.1d\ l\irJ J (•h n ~,·n \Vi lJfltwer c~''"~'
P age 9
Pr i11k d ''n 1'-\'-•:u.·l~d P·Jpc-r
~Sh r ubs con ti nued
Symphoricmpos orbiculatus Coralberry, Indian currant OKTX 4-6 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry,
partial sun, coral-pink to purple berries
Tecoma stans Yellow bells AZ NM TX Up to 20 ft ., yellow, Apr.-Nov., dry, sun
Vaccinium arboreum Sparkleberry, Farkleberry OKTX 12-15+ ft ., white, Mar.-May, deciduous,
mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, persistent,
black berries, fall color
Vauquelinia angustifolia Chisos rosewood, Guauyul TX Up to 30 ft., white, June-Aug., dry, sun.
evergreen
Vauqu elinia californ ica Arizona rosewood AZ Up to 20 ft., white, June, dry, sun,
evergreen
Viburnum nudum Possumhaw viburnum TX Up to 20 ft ., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic,
sun to partial shade, blue fruit
Viburnum prunifolium Black haw OKTX 20-35 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous,
mesic to dry, sun, dark blue berries,
fall color
Viburnum rufidulum Rusty black haw OKTX Up to 40 ft., white, Mar.-May, mesic-dry
to dry, sun to partial shade, deciduous,
brown bark, blue-black fruit
Jliguiera stenoloba Skeleton-leaf goldeneye NMTX Up to 4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., dry, sun
Zinnia grandiflora Rocky Mountain zinnia, AZNMOKTX 2-1 Oin ., yellow, July-Oct., dry, sun
Yellow zinnia, P lains zinnia
, Trees
Abies concolor Western white fir AZNM 50-150 ft., evergreen, mesic-dry to dry,
sun, whitish bark, silvery blue-
green needles
Acacia farnesiana Huisache, Sweet acacia AZ NM TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, Feb.-Mar., mesic-
dry to dry, sun, fragrant
Acer glabrum Rocky Mountain maple AZNM 20-25 ft ., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic, sun to partial shade, fall color
Acer grandidentatum Bigtooth maple AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic,
sun, red or yellow fall color
Acer negundo Box elder AZNMOKTX Up to 75 ft ., Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun
Acerrubrum Red maple OKTX 60-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, shade to partial sun,
fall color
Aescu/us arguta White buckeye, OKTX 20-35 ft., yellow, Mar-Apr., dry, sun,
Texas buckeye fruit
Aesculus pavia var. pavia Red buckeye OKTX I 0-15+ ft., red, Mar.-May, deciduous,
wet-mesic to mesic, shade to sun
Arbutus arizonica Arizona madrone AZNM 40-50 ft., white-pink, May, dry, sun,
evergreen, exfoliating bark, dark
orange fru it
Arbu tus xa/apensis Texas madrone NMTX Up to 30 ft., white-pink tinged, Feb.-Apr.,
dry, sun, evergreen, red bark . ,.
Betula occidentalis Mountain birch, AZNM 20-30 ft., dec iduous, wet-mesic, sun to
Water birch partial shade, fall color
Cw ya cordiformis Bitternut, Swamp hickory OKTX Up to 100 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, wet-
m esic, sun to partial sh ade, edible nuts
So uthwe:-.t Re1:ornmendeJ Native Pla nt Species Li st 2L)0 J
:f' J.: .... h nirlf Joh th;in ~:i l{ifl ,,,,q r ( .. :nh't'
l)age 10
Prin11. . ._I <111 Ht n ... ·lnl Porr <·r
Carya illinoinensis Pecan OKTX Up to 150 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, wet-
mesic, sun, deciduous, edible nut
Caryaovata Shagbark hickory OKTX 75-100 ft., deciduous, mesic to mesic-
dry, sun to partial shade, shaggy bark,
edible nuts
Carya texana Black hickory OKTX Up to 80 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun to
partial shade, dark bark, edible nuts
Carya tomen /osa Mockernut hickory OKTX Up to 100 ft., y ellow-green, Apr.-May,
mesic to dry, sun, edible nuts
Ce/tis laevigata Sugarberry, Hackberry, OKTX 60-80 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic,
Palo Blanco sun to partial sun, orange-red fruit
Ce/tis occidentalis Hackberry, Sugarberry OKTX 60-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Ce/tis reticu/ata Netleaf hackberry AZNMOKTX Up to 30 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
dry, sun to partial sun
Cercidium jloridum Blue palo vercle AZ 20-30 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, deciduous,
dry, sun, blue-green bark, often leafless
Cercis canadensis Redbud OKTX 15-30 ft., pink, Apr.-May, deciduous,
wet-mesic to dry, shade to partial sun
Chilopsis linearis Desert willow, AZNMTX 15-30 ft., pink, May-Sept., deciduous,
Trumpet flower mesic-dry, sun
Chionanthus virginicus Fringe tree, OK*TX 15-25 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous,
Old man's beard wet to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade
Cotinus obovatus Smoke tree OKTX Up to 35 ft., green-yellow, Apr.-May,
mesic-dry, sun, purple fruiting structures
Crataegus marshal/ii Parsley hawthorn OKTX Up to 20 ft., white, May-June, mesic-dry,
sun to partial shade, red edible fruit
Crataegus mo/lis Downy hawthorn OK 35-50 ft., white, May-June, deciduous,
wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial sun, red
fruit, thorns, horizontal branching
Cupressus arizonica Arizona cypress AZNMTX Up to 90 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun,
evergreen, cones
Diospyros texana Texas or Mexican TX 40-100 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, rnesic to
persimmon, Chapote dry, sun, deciduous, persistent
orange-red fruit
Diospyros virginiana Persimmon OKTX 40-70 ft ., yellow, Apr.-June, wet-mesic
to dry, sun, orange, edible fruit
Ehretia anacua Anacua, Knock-away TX Up to 50 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry,
Sandpaper tree sun, semi-evergreen, yellow-orange,
edible fruit
Fraxinus americana Whiteash OKTX 75-120 ft., deciduous, rnesic to mesic-
dry, sun to partial shade
Fraxinus berlandieriana Mexican ash, Fresno NMTX Up to 30 ft., green, Apr.-May, mesic,
sun, deciduous , dioecious
Fraxinus cuspidata Flowering ash AZNMTX Up to 20 ft ., wh ite, Apr.-May, dry,
sun, fragrant
Fraxinus pensylvanica Green ash OKTX 50-75 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Sou t hwest R ec om mended Na tive P la n t S pecies Li st 2001
p l.:-t.ly llird h~hn~1n \\·11d t)l.,, .. : r ci..'lH\.'T'
Page 11
P1 i n1.·,l t~11 n.\ nd ~·d T'."'~ r
~T . J rec s con t1nucu
Fraxinus texe 11s is Texas ash TX Up to 50 ft., purplish, Mar., mesic-dry,
sun, deciduous
Fraxinus velutina Arizona ash, Velvet ash, AZ NM TX 40 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun,
Desert ash fall color
Gleditsia triacanthos Thomless common OKTX 50-75 ft ., wet-mesic to dry, sun to
var. inennis honeylocust partial sun
flex decidua Possum haw OKTX 15-30 ft., white, Mar.-May, deciduous,
wet to dry, partial sun, persistent,
red berries
Jug/ans major Arizona walnut AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Apr.,
mesic to dry, sun, deciduous, edible nuts
Jug/ans microcarpa Texas walnut, River walnut, NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr., mesic to
Little walnut dry, sun, deciduous
Jug/ans nigra Black walnut OKTX 100-125 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun, edible nuts
Juniperus ashei Ashe juniper NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., mesic-dry, sun, evergreen,
blue-green fruit
Juniperus deppeana Alligator juniper AZNMTX Up to 65 ft., Jan.-Mar., mesic-dry, sun,
evergreen, reddish-brown fruit
Juniperus osteosperma Utah juniper AZNM Up to 25 ft., dry, sun, evergreen, red-
brown fruit
Juniperus pinchotii Red-berry juniper NM OK TX Up to 25 ft., dry, sun, red fruit
Juniperus scop11lorum Rocky Mountain juniper AZNM OK*TX Up to 50 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun,
blue fruit
Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar OKTX 30-80 ft., evergreen, mesic-dry to dry,
sun
Leucaena retusa Goldenball leadtree TX Up to 25 ft., yellow, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun,
brown fruit
Liquidambar styraci.Jlua Sweet gum OKTX 60-75 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, fall
color, persistent fruit
Magnolia grandijlora Southern magnolia TX 50+ ft., white, May-June, evergreen,
wet-mesic to mesic, partial shade to sun,
red berries
Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay, Swampbay TX 12-2o+ ft., white, May-June, deciduous,
wet, partial shade, red fruits, semi-
evergreen foliage
Ma/us angustifolia Southern crabapple, TX Up to 25 ft., white to pink, May-June,
Wild crabapple mesic, sun to part shade, pale
green-yellow fruit, fragrant
Ma/us ioensis Prairie crabapple OK 20-35 ft., white-pink, May-June, ·
deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun
Nyssa sylvatica Black gum, Tupelo OKTX 30-60 ft., deciduous, wet to dry, partial
var. sylvatica shade to sun, fall color
Olneya tesola Ironwood, Tesota AZ 30 ft., rose-purple, Apr.-May, evergreen,
dry, sun
Ostrya virginiana Ironwood, Hophornbeam OKTX 30-50 ft., deciduous, mesic to mesic-dry,
shade to partial shade
Southwest Rei:ommen.ded Nati\'C Planl Species List 2001
·!.~ 1..-:d \' Oir.:J J ~-.hnio\ln \Vih.if!n·wt:r Ccn rer
Page 12
I 1rin!1..•J \"•f1 R~C \d t-d P~1,er
lTrecs continncd
Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce AZNM 75-100 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to
mesic, partial sun, blue-green needles
Picea pzmgens Blue spruce, AZNM Up to 150 ft ., reddish, Apr.-May, mesic
Colorado spruce to dry, sun, chestnut-brown cone,
silver-white to blue needles
Pinus aristata Bristlecone pine AZ*NM Up to 50 ft ., orange-red/purple, July,
mesic to dry, sun, white lined needles
with resin, violet to brown-red cone
Pinus cembro ides Mexican pinyon AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft ., dry, sun, blue-green
foliage, red-brown cones
Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine OKTX 50-100 ft., evergreen, dry, sun to partial
shade
Pinus edulis Pinyon pine, AZ NM OK* TX 10-30 ft., evergreen, dry, sun to p artial
Colorado pinyon shade
Pinus flexilis Limber pine AZNM 40-70 ft., red-purple, June, dry, sun,
evergreen, light brown cone
Pinus palustris Longleaf pine TX 80-l 00 ft., evergreen, dry, sun
Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine AZNM OK*TX 60-100 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to dry,
sun
Pinus strobiformis Southwestern white pine AZ NM TX 40-70 ft., red-purple, June, dry, sun,
blue-green foliage, evergreen
Pinus taeda Loblolly pine OKTX 6o+ ft ., evergreen. wet-mesic to mesic-
dry, sun to partial shade
Platanus occidentalis Sycamore, Plane-tree OKTX 75-100 ft., deciduous, wet to wet-mesic,
sun to partial sun, persistent fruits
Platanus wrightii Arizona sycamore, Alamo AZNM Up to 80 ft., green-red, Mar., mesic to
dry, sun, persistent fruit, deciduous
Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood OKTX 100 ft., deciduous, wet to wet-mesic, sun
Popu/us fremontii Western cottonwood AZ NM TX Up to 90 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic, sun,
fall color
Popu/us tremuloides Quaking aspen AZ NM OK TX 35-50 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-
dry, sun, fall color
Prosopsis pubescens Tornillo, AZ NM TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, May-July,
Screwbean mesquite deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to partial sun
Prunus americana Wild plum NMOK 20-35 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous,
mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial sun,
red fruit
Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum OKTX Up to 25 ft ., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry,
sun, red-brown twigs, deciduous,
red/yellow fruit
Pnmus mexicana Mexican plum OKTX 25-35 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry to
dry, sun, purple-red fruit, deciduous
Prunus serotina Black cherry OKTX 50-60 ft ., white, Apr.-May, deciduous,
mesic to mesic-dry, sun to parti ~l s,un,
dark-red fruit
Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir AZ NM TX 15 -150 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, variable
according to habitat
Southwest Recommended Native Plant Species List 200_1 Page 13
·~, 1 .. 1d\· Hin.I J••hm•JO \\'ildfl<'"\'T Cc.·n1t:r 11ri11t"d ,•n Tt,·,:~rl •.'l.I Pa_p ... ·J·
1Trces continued
Ptelea trifoliata Wafer ash, OKTX Up to 25 ft., green-white, Mar.-July,
Common hoptree dry to dry, sun
Quercus alba White oak OKTX 80-100 ft ., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun
Quercus arizonica Arizona white oak AZ NM TX Up to 40 ft., yellow, dry, sun, evergreen
or deciduous, acorn
Quercus emoryi Emory oak, Blackjack oak AZNMTX Up to 60 ft., yellow, dry, sun, semi-
evergreen, dark brown to black bark, acorn
Quercus fa/ca/a Southern red oak, OKTX Up to 80 ft., reddish, Mar.-May, mesic-
Spanish oak dry, sun, deciduous, orange-brown fruit
Quercus fusiform is Escarpment live oak TX 20-4 0 ft., mesic-dry, sun, black bark, dull
brown acorns
Quercus gambelii Gambel's oak, AZNM OK*TX Up to 50 ft., brown, May, mesic-dry, sun,
Rocky Mountain white oak deciduous, orange-brown fru it
Quercus glaucoides Lacey oak TX 45 ft., Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, gray-green
foliage, light brown acorn
Quercus gravesii Graves' oak, Chisos red oak TX Up to 40 ft., red, dry, sun, light brown
acorn
Quercus grisea Gray oak, AZNMTX 10-65 ft., dry, sun, gray-green foliage,
Mexican blue oak light brown acorn
Quercus lyrata Overcup oak OKTX Up to 100 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr.,wet-
mesic, sun, covered chestnut brown acorn
Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak OKTX 80-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry,
sun
Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak TXOK Up to 60 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Apr., dry,
sun, deciduous, light brown acorn
Quercus muhlenbergii Chinkapin oak, OKTX Up to 60 ft., yellow, dry, sun, deciduous,
Chestnut oak brown fruit
Quercus phellos Willow oak OKTX 6o+ ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic,
sun to partial sun, fall color
Quercus shumardii Shumard oak OKTX Up to 120 ft., brown-greenish red, Mar.-
Apr., wet-mesic. to mesic, sun to
part shade
Quercus stel/ata Post oak OKTX Up to 75 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, mesic-
dry, deciduous, red-brown acorns
Quercus texana Texas red oak, Spanish oak TX Up to 35 ft., reddish-brown, Mar.-Apr.,
sun, red fall color, deciduous, reddish
acorn
Quercus virginiana Live oak, Coastal live oak, OK*TX 40-80 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to dry, sun
Southern live oak
Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina buckthorn OKTX 12-15 ft., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to
mesic, partial sun to shade, red berries,
fall color
Salix nigra Black willow OKTX Up to 125 ft., yellow catkin, Apr.-May,
wet-mesic, sun, deciduous .
Sapindus drummondii Soapberry NM OK TX Up to 50 ft, white, May-June, wet-mesic,
sun, white-yellow or bl ack fruit
Sassafras albidum Sassafras OKTX 35-50 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous,
wet to dry, sun, fall color
Soudnve::;t Recomm e ndeJ Native Plant Species List 2001 Page 1-1-
:("· l.:i,.I} Tiinl ]<1irnst11\ \\:i ldt!.-,..~; r (.; ... ·1111.:r r,;nr··~I {tH R\-C\\.·lu.I r .1r,·r
]Trees continu ed
Taxodium disticlmm Bald cypress OK*TX 50-75 ft ., deciduous, wet to mesic, sun to
partial sun, fall color, buttressed trunk,
exfoliating bark
U/mus americana American elm OKTX Up to 120 ft., red to green, Feb .-Apr.,
wet-mesic, sun
Ulmus crassifo/ia Cedar elm OKTX Up to 90 ft., red to green, July, mesic-dry
to dry, red corky wings on twigs
U/mus rubra Red elm, Slippery elm OKTX Up to 75 ft ., yellow-red, Feb.-Apr., mesic
to dry, sun
Ungnadia speciosa Mexican buckeye NMTX To 30 ft., rose, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry to
dry, sun, mottled gray-brown bark,
red-brown fruit
W ines
Campsis radicans Trumpet creeper, OKTX Up to 30 ft., red-brown, July-Sept., aerial
Trumpet vine roots, deciduous
Celas/rus scandens American bittersweet OKTX Up to 30 ft., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun
to shade, orange fruit
Clematis ligusticifolia Clematis AZNM 2o+ ft., creamy-white, Mar.-Aug.,
deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun
to partial shade, silky seed plumes
Clematis pitcheri Leather flower, OKTX To I 0 ft., purple-red, June-Aug., sun to
Purple clematis partial shade
Gelsemium sempervirens Yell ow jessamine, TX 10-20 ft., yellow, Feb.-May, evergreen,
Carolina jessaniine wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to shade
Lonicera sempervirens Coral honeysuckle OKTX 3-20 ft ., red-orange, Jul.-Aug., deciduous,
wet-mesic to dry, partial shade to sun, red
berries, climber or ground cover
Maurandya anlirrhinijlora Snapdragon vine AZ NM TX 3+ ft., yellow-white, Feb.-Oct, dry, sun
Parthenocissus inserta Woodbine NM OK TX 3-40 ft., May-July, mesic-dry, sun to
partial shade, climber, blue-black berry
ParJhenocissus quinquefolit Virginia creeper OKTX 3-40 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-
dry, shade to sun, black berries, fall color,
climber or ground cover
Vitis arizonica Arizona grape, Canyon grape AZ NM TX Up to 8 ft., mesic-dry, deciduous, edible
black fruit
Vitis riparia Riverbank grape NM OK TX Up to 35 ft., mesic-dry to dry, fragrant,
purple-black edible fruit
Vitis rotundifolia Muscadine grape OKTX Up to 100 ft., wet to mesic, shade, edible
purple-black fruit, climber
Wisteria macroslachya Kentucky Wisteria OK*TX Up to 30 ft., Mar.-July, white to purple,
wet-mesic, partial shade
Herbaceous (wildflowers)
Abronia fragrans Sand verbena, AZ NM OK TX Up to 10 ft., white, Apr.-Sept., d_ry~ sun,
Fragrant verbena, Snowball fragrant night blooming, annual
Agoseris cuspidata Prairie dandelion NM OK TX Up to 6 in., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic-dry,
sun, perennial
Allium cernuum Nodding onion AZ MN OK TX 1-2 ft., pink, July-Aug., wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Southwest RecommendeJ Nati\'e Plant Specie!i List 2001 Page 15
1,." I di..ly Rir tf ]t.'l'°"'-'Jl 'Vildil._1\\u · l.\•11 tl r Print .. ·:! t'n Rt.n ·t:kd P;,~ r
J Hcrha ccous (wildflowe r s) continued
Allium macropeta/11111 D esert onion AZ NM TX U p to 8 in ., pink/reddish, Mar.-May, dry,
s un, perennial
Allium stellatum Prairi e on ion OK TX 1-2 ft., pi nk-lavender, July-Aug., m es ic
to mesic -dry, sun to p artial shade
Amblyolepis setigera Huisache d aisy, TX 6-30 in ., y e llow, Mar.-M ay, w et-mesic to
Honey d ai sy dry, sun, annual, fragrant
Amson ia ciliata Blue funnel li ly, Blue star OKTX 2-4 ft ., b lu e, Mar.-May, mesic-dry
to dry
Anemone cy/indrica Thimbleweed AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white, May-July, mesic to dry, sun
to partial shade
Antennaria spp . Pussytoes, Everlasting AZ NM OK TX 2-12 in., white, May, mesic-dry to dry,
sun, ground cover
Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Lazy daisy OKTX 2-18 in., white, Apr.-July, dry, sun, annual
Apocynum Spreading dogbane AZNMOKTX Up to 2 ft., pink/white, Apr.-July, dry,
androsaemifolium sun to partial shade, dark green drooping
foliage, fragrant
Aquilegia caerulea Rocky Mountain columbine AZNM To 30 in ., blue/white, July, mesic-dry, sun
Aquilegia canadensis Columbine OKTX 1-2 ft., red & yellow, May-June, mesic to
mesic-dry, partial shade to sun
Aquilegia chrysantha Yellow columbine AZ NM TX To 3.5 ft., yellow, July-Aug., mesic-dry,
sun
Argemone albiflora White prickly poppy OKTX To 4 ft., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun,
ssp. texana prickly, yellow latex, annual
Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit, OKTX 1-2 ft., green, May-June, wet-mesic,
Indian turnip partial shade, red berries
Arnica cordifolia Heartleaf arnica AZNM Up to 18 in., yellow, May-Aug., mesic-
dry, sun to parital shade
Arlemisia ludoviciana White sage, Prairie sage, AZNMOK TX 2-18 in., white, July-Sept., mesic-dry to
Artemisia dry, gray foliage, perennial
Asclepias asperu/a Antelope horns AZNMOKTX To 8 in., yellow/green/purple, Apr.-Aug.,
mesic-dry to dry, sun, perennial
Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed OK NM TX 2-4 ft., reddish-purple, June-Aug., wet to
mesic, sun to partial sun, perennial
Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed AZ NM OK TX To 3 ft., purple-rose, May-Sept., mesic-
dry, sun, tomentose, perennial
Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft ., orange, June-July, mesic-dry to
dry, sun, perennial
Aster bigelovii Plains aster, Tanfy aster AZNM 24-36 in ., purple, Aug.-Nov., mesic-dry
to dry, sun, annual or biennial
Aster ericoides Heath aster, NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white, Sept.-Oct., mesic to
White wreath aster dry, sun
Aster oolentangiensis Sky blue aster OKTX 1-3 ft., lavender-blue, Sept., mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Astragalus canadensis Milk vetch, OKTX 1-4 ft., green-white, June-July, dry; sun
Canada milk vetch
Bahia absinthifolia Bahia, Yerba raton AZ NM TX 2-14 in ., y e llow, Apr.-Se pt., mesic-dry,
sun
Sou thwes t R ecomm.:nJed Native Plant Species List 2001 . Page 16
~\:°, l ..;1 dv P.1ri.I J •. •h m 1.m \\'11,lf h ~~~~·t (\ou·r Prfottd .. ~n n ... ·..:ydi.·l l Pap~·1
~Herbaceous (,,·ilJflmvcrs) ·ontinucd
Bailey a multiradia ta D esert mari gold AZ NM TX Up to 20 in ., yell ow, Apr.-Sept., dry, sun,
a nnu a l
Baptisia alba White fals e indigo OK TX 2-5 ft., w hite, June-July, w et-mesic to
dry, sun to _partial sun
Baptisia leucop haea Cream false indigo, OK TX 1-3 ft., white, June, mesic to dry, sun to
Plains wild indigo partial sun
Berlandiera /yrata Chocolate flower AZ NM TX Up to 20 in., yellow/brown/white, Apr.-
July, mesic-dry, sun
Brodiaea pulchella Wild hyacinth AZ •NM 6-16 in., violet, Mar.-May, dry, sun
Callirhoe digitata Finger poppy mallow OKTX 1-4 ft., white to purple-red, May-June, sun
Callirhoe involucrata Purple poppy mallow, NM OK TX 6-24 in., magenta, May-July, mesic-dry
Winecup to dry, sun
Calochortus kennedyi Desert mariposa, AZ• 6-8 in., orange, Mar.-May, dry, sun
Flame mariposa
Calochortus nuttallii Sego lily, Mariposa lily AZ•NM 1.5 ft ., white/lilac/yellow, Apr.-Aug.,
dry, sun
Calylophus b~rlandieri Square-bud primrose, OK NM TX 1.5 ft., yellow, May-June, dry, sun, annual
Sundrops or perennial
Camassia sci/loides Wil~ hyacinth OKTX 1-2 ft., purple, Mar.-June, wet-mesic to
mesic, sun to partial sun
Carex texensis Texas caric sedge OKTX 10-30 cm, Mar.-May, dry, sun
Castilleja chromosa Desert paintbrush AZNM 4-16 in., red, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun
Castilleja confusa Indian paintbrush AZNM 6-24 in., red-orange, June-Sept., moist to
mesic, sun
Castilleja indivisa Indian paintbrush OKTX 6-12 in., orange-red, Apr.-May, dry, sun,
annual
Castilleja integra Indian paintbrush AZ NM TX 6-12 in., cerise, Mar.-Sept., dry, sun,
white stems
Castilleja /inariaefolia Indian paintbrush AZNM 24-36 in., red, May-Sept., wet-mesic to
dry, sun to partial shade
Castilleja sessilijlora Downy painted cup AZ NM OK TX 6-12 in., yellow-purple, Mar-Sept., dry,
sun, annual
Centaurea americana Basket flower AZ NM OK TX Up to 6 fl, rose, Apr.-July, dry, sun,
annual
Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge pea, OKTX 1-1 ft., yellow, July-Sept., mesic-dry to
Sensitive plant dry, partial sun, annual
Chrysopsis villosa Golden aster AZNMOKTX 6-20 in., yellow, June-Oct., dry, sun
Claytonia virginica Spring beauty OKTX 4-12 in., white-pink, Jan.-May, wet-
(narrow-leaved) mesic to mesic, partial shade to shade
C/eome serru/ata Rocky Mountain beeplant AZ NM OK TX 2-5 ft., deep pink, mesic-dry, sun, annual
Commelina dianthifolia Dayflower AZNM Up to 6 in., purple, July-Sept., dry, sun
Cooperia pedunculata Rain lily TX Up to 8 in., white, Mar.-Aug., mesic to
dry, sun
Coreopsis grandiflora Coreopsis OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, May, dry, sun to partial
shade, annual or perennial
Southwest Rccornnwndcd Native Plant Species Lir;t Z001
f} Lad \' Bi rd .J,~!m'"'n \\'il.:H!~H'..::r t't•11kr
Page 17
P rinted m\ Rcc-,•..:l ~<l l'.ifX:'
JHerbaceuus (\vildflo-wers) con.tin ued
Coreopsis lanceolata Lance-leaved coreopsis NM OK TX I 1/2-2 ft., yellow, July-Aug., mesic-dry
to dry, sun to partial sun
Coreopsis tinctoria Tickseed, Goldenwave, NM OK TX Up to 4 ft., red/purple/yellow, June-Aug.,
Plains coreopsis, Calliopsis wet-mesic to dry, annual
Delphinium barbeyi Subalpine larkspur AZNM 24-36 in., purple, July-Aug., wet to
wet-mesic, shade
Delphinium carolinianum Blue larkspur OKTX Up to 3 ft., blue-violet, Apr.-June, mesic-
dry, sun
Delphinium parishii Desert larkspur, AZ 6-24 in., blue-lavender, Apr.-June, dry,
Paleface delphinium sun
Delphinium scaposum Barestem larkspur AZNM Up to 24 in., blue, Mar.-May, dry, sun
Delphinium virescens Prairie larkspur AZ NM OK TX 1-4 ft., white with purple, June-July,
mesic to dry, sun
Desmodium canadense Tick-trefoil OK 2-6 ft ., pink, June-Sept., wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun to partial sun
Desmodium illinoense Illinois tick-trefoil OKTX Up to 3 ft., purple, June-Sept., dry, sun
to partial shade
Dithyrea wislizenii Spectacle pod NMTX Up to 18 in ., white, Mar.-July, dry, sun
to partial shade, annual
Dyssodia tagetoides Marigold Dogweed AZ NM TX 18-36 in., yellow, Mar.-Dec., mesic-dry,
annual
Echinacea angustifo/ia Narrow-leaved NM OK TX I 1/2-3 ft., pink-lavender, June-Aug.,
purple coneflower mesic-dry to dry, sun
&hinacea purpurea Purple coneflower OKTX 2-5 ft., purple, June-Sept., wet-mesic to
mesic, sun to partial sun
Engelmannia pinnatijida Engelmann daisy NMOKTX Up to 3 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, dry, sun
Epi/obium angustifolium Fireweed, Willow herb AZNM 3-8 ft., pink-lavender, June-Aug., wet-
mesic to mesic-dry, sun
Erigeron modes/us Prairie fleabane AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., white, May-Aug., dry, sun
Erigeron speciosus Showy fleabane NMAZ 2-3 ft.; blue, June-Aug., wet-mesic to
dry, sun
Eriogonum inf/alum Desert trumpet AZ 1-2 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Oct., dry,
sun, annual
Eriogonum racemosum Red root buckwheat AZNM· 6-12 in., white-pink, July-Oct., dry, sun
Eriogonum wrightii Wright buckwheat AZ NM TX 24-36 in., white, July-Sept., dry, sun
Erodium texanum Fillaree, Stork's bill AZ TX NM Up to I ft., purple-red, Mar.-Apr., dry,
sun, annual
Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth eryngo OKTX Up to 3 ft., purple, July-Sept., dry, sun,
annual
Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake master, OKTX 4-6 ft., green-white, July-Aug., wet-
Button snake-root mesic to mesic-dry, sun, unique flower
heads
Erysimum capitatum Western wallflower, AZ NM TX 1-2 ft., cream-white, Apr.-July, dry, sun,
Prairie rocket biennial
Eschscholzia mexicana Mexican gold poppy AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft ., orange/yellow, Mar.-May, dry,
sun, annual
Southwest R~('om mc ndC'd Nati\'C Plant Species List 2001
·!'} L.:zdy n;rJ j \'hm\•ll \\-il:.ftlt l\\,•I \ "1'1\h!r
Page 18
P1in1 c-<l l•n l~et:\d ;:;.f P.::ir c-r
.. Herbaceous (wildflowers) c()ntinued
Eupalorium co e/esti11111n Mist flower OK TX 1-3 ft., lavender-blue, Aug.-Oct., w et-
mesic, sun to partial shade
Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-pye weed OKTX 2-7 ft ., pinkish-lavender, July-Sept., w et
to wet-mesic, sun to partial shade
Eupatorium greggii Palmleaf thoroughwort AZ NM TX Up to 4 ft., blue, Mar.-Oct., wet to mesic,
sun
Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot OKTX 1-4 ft., white, Aug.-Oct., wet-mesic to
mesic, shade to partial shade
Euphorbia corolla/a Flowering spurge OKTX 1-3 ft., white, June-Oct., mesic-dry, sun
Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-mountain NM OK TX 1-3 ft., green/white, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun,
annual
Eusloma grandiflora Prairie gentian, OKTX 2-3 ft., purple/blue/white/yellow, June-
Texas bluebell Sept., wet-mesic, annual
Gaillardia arizonica Arizona blanket flower AZ 12-24 in., yellow, Feb.-July, dry, sun. annual
Gaillardia pinnatifida Yellow gaillardia, AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow/reddish, Apr.-Sept., dry,
Blanket flower sun
Gaillardia pulchella Indian blanket, Firewheel AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow/purple-red, Apr.-June, dry, sun
Gaura coccinea Scarlet gaura AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white/pink aging to red, May-
Aug., dry, sun
Genliana parryi Parry gentian AZNM Up to 1 ft., blue, July-Sept., wet-mesic,
sun
Geum triflorum Prairie smoke, Purple avens NM 6-18 in., red, Apr.-May, wet-mesic to dry,
sun to partial sun, persistent, pink seed
plumes, ground cover
Glycyrrhiza lepidota Wild licorice OKTX 2-3 ft., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Gutierrezia sarothrae Broom snakeweed, AZ NM OK TX 2-3 ft., yellow, June-Sept, dry, sun,
Matchbrush subshrub
Habranthus texanus Copper lily TX Up to 1 ft., orange-yellow, Aug.-Oct,
wet, sun
Hedyotis nigricans Bluets AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., white/pink/purple, Apr.-Nov.,
mesic-dry, sun
Hedysarum boreale Northern sweetvetch AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., pink/purple, May, mesic-dry, sun
He/enium autumnale Common sneezeweed OKTX 2-5 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., wet to
wet-mesic, sun
Helianthus annuus Common sunflower AZ OK NM TX 2-7 ft., yellow/red/purple, Aug.-Sept., dry,
sun, annual
Helianthus maximi/iani Maximilian sunflower NM OK TX 1-9 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., wet mesic-dry,
sun
Helianthus petiolaris Plains sunflower AZNMOKTX 2-6 ft., red-purple, July-Oct, dry, sun,
annual
Heliopsis helianthoides Ox-eye sunflower, NM OK TX 3-4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet-mesic to
False sunflower mesic-dry, sun .
Heuchera americana Alumroot OK 1 1/2-3 ft., green, May-Aug., mesic to
mesic-dry, shade to sun, ground cover
Heuchera sanguinea New Mexican coral bells AZNM Up to 2 ft ., pink-red, July-Sept., wet-
mesic to mesic, shade
Sl1u thwest R t:c o m m en dell Native Pla nt Species L ist 200 1
~!:' 1.:-tJt Bi rd )<.:huit.Hl \\:il dtl ._.ut r \.:1.'•l h 'I'
Page 19
Pnnh:\t (lU n,·(,;\'t,;k i.1 T'.1r.~·r
~H.c r bac cous (,vildflo~.vcrs) continued
Heuchera versicolor Coral bells, Alumroot AZ NM TX 1-2 ft ., pink, July-Oct., wet-mesic, shade
Hibiscus coulteri Desert rose mallow, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., yellow-red tinge, Apr.-Aug.,
Coulter hibiscus dry, sun, seeds have long hairs
Hieracium longipilum Hairy hawkweed OKTX 1-4 ft., orange, Apr.-May (Sept.), dry, sun
Hymenopappus Old plainsman, TX 1-3 ft ., rosy, Mar.-May, dry, sun, biennial,
artemisiaefolius Woolly white white hairy
Hymenoxys acaulis Stemless goldflower, AZ NM OK TX Up to l ft., yellow, May-June (Sept.), dry,
Stemless rubber weed, sun
Butte marigold
Hymenoxys cooperi Cooper's goldflower AZ Up to 2 ft., yellow, May-July (Sept.-Oct.),
dry, sun, biennial or perennial
Hymenoxys scaposa Four-nerve daisy, NM OK TX Up to l ft., yellow, Mar.-Aug., mesic-dry,
Yellow daisy, B itterweed sun
Ipomoea leptophylla Bush morning glory NM OK TX Up to 4 ft., lavender-pink/purple-red,
May-July, dry, sun
Ipomopsis aggregata Sky rocket, Scarlet gilia AZNM Up to 6 ft., red, July-Oct., dry, sun,
ssp. aggregata biennial
Ipomopsis longiflora White-flowered gilia AZNMOKTX Up to 2 ft., white, Mar.-Oct., dry, sun,
annual
Ipomopsis rubra Standing cypress OKTX 2-4+ ft., red, May-Oct., dry, sun to partial
shade, biennial
Ipomopsis thurberi Thurber's gilia AZNM 2-3 ft., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun,
biennial or perennial
Iris missouriensis Rocky mountain iris, AZNM 1-2 ft., purple, May-June, wet to wet-mesic,
Western blue flag sun
Iris shrevei Blue flag iris OK 1-3 ft., purple, May-July, wet to wet-
mesic, sun to partial shade
Iris virginica Southern blue flag QK•TX 3 ft., pale blue, Apr.-May, wet to wet-
mesic, sun to partial sun
Kallstroemia grandiflora Arizona poppy, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., orange, May-Nov., dry, sun,
Summer poppy annual
Kosteletskya virginica Seashore mallow TX 3-5 ft., pink, June-Oct., wet to wet-mesic,
sun to partial sun
lasthenia chrysostoma Goldfields AZ Up to 16 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun,
var. gracilis annual
Layia glandulosa Tidy tips AZNM 4-16 in ., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun,
annual
Lepidium montanum Mountain peppergrass AZ NM TX 2-3 ft., white-cream, Mar.-Aug., dry, sun
biennial or perennial
Lespedeza capita/a Roundheaded bush clover OKTX 2-4 ft., white, July-Sept., mesic-dry to
dry, sun
Lesquerella fendleri Bladderpod AZ NM TX 1-15 in., yellow, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun
Lesquere/la gordonii Gordon's bladderpod AZNMOKTX 6-24 in., yellow, Mar.-June, dry, s~
annual
Lesquerella gracilis Cloth-of-gold , Bladderpod OKTX 12-24 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun,
annual
Liatris elegans Gayfeather OKTX Up to 4 ft., pink, Aug.-Oct., dry, sun
Liatris mucronata Narrow-leaf gayfeather OKTX 2-3 ft., reddish-purple, Aug.-Dec., dry, sun
S o uthwest Rc o:om mcndcd Nati\'C Plant Specie:; List 2001 P age 20
!~~ l...J:d-,· Bird j..-.hn,.pn \\, Ui.1H ih\\;t C~·1\11 ·r l'rim~·d ···n Ket:\cl~d Pnpc r
:!Herbaceous (vvildflrn:\'ers) C()ntinued
liatris punctata Dotted blazing star, OKTX Up to 1 ft., purple, July-Aug ., dry, sun
Gayfeather
liatris squarrosa Blazing star OK TX 10-24 in., purple, June-Sept., mesic t o
dry, sun
lindheimera texana Texas star, Lindheimer daisy TX 6-12 in., yellow, reddish brown , M ar.-
May, dry, sun, annual
Linum neomexicanum Flax AZNM 12-24 in., yellow, June-Sept., wet-mesic
to mesic-dry, part sun to shade, annual
or biennial
Linum perenne var. lewisii Blue flax AZ NM OK TX Up to 2 ft., blue, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun
Linum rigidum Yellow flax NM OK TX Up to 20 in., yellow, May-Sept., dry,
sun, annual
Lithospermum canescens Hoary puccoon OKTX 1-2 ft., orange, yellow, Apr.-June, dry,
sun, red dye from roots
Lithospermum caroliniense Hairy puccoon, OKTX 1-3 ft., orange-yellow, Mar.-May, dry,
Hispid gromwell sun
Lithospermum incisum Fringed puccoon, AZ NM OK TX Up to 2 ft., yellow, Nov.-June, dry, sun
Narrow-leaved puccoon
Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower AZ* NM OK TX 1-6 ft., red, Aug.-Sept., wet to wet-
mesic, sun to partial shade
Lobelia siphilitica Great blue lobelia OKTX 2-3 ft., bluish-lavender, July-Oct., wet to
mesic, partial sun
Lobelia spicata Pale lobelia OKTX 1-2 ft., blue, June-July, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun to partial shade
Lupinus argenleus Silvery lupine AZNM 12-24 in., purple, June-July, mesic-dry,
sun
Lupinus concinnus Annual lupine, AZNMTX 2-10 in., reddish-purple, Mar.-May,
Bajada lupine mesic-dry, sun, annual
Lupinus havardii Havard bluebonnet, TX Up to 2 ft., purple/blue/white, Mar.-May,
Big Bend bluebonnet, dry, sun, annual
Chisos bluebonnet
Lupinus palmeri Palmer's lupine AZNM 12-24 in ., blue, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun to
part shade
Lupinus subcamosus Texas bluebonnet TX 6-14 in., blue/white, Apr.-May, dry, annual
Lupinus texensis Texas bluebonnet TX 6-14 in., blue-purple/white, Mar.-May,
mesic-dry, sun, annual
Lysimachia ci/iata Fringed loosestrife OKTX Up to 4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet-
mesic, part to full shade
Machaeranthera Tahoka daisy, Tansy aster AZNMOKTX 6-15 in., white-violet/blue, May-June,
tanacetifolia dry, sun, annual
Marsha/lia caespilosa Barbara's buttons OKTX 6-24 in., white, Apr.-May, dry, sun
var. caespitosa
Marsilea macropoda Water clover TX Up to I 0 in., wet to mesic, sun to shade
Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot daisy, Rock daisy AZ NM OK TX 6-24 in., white, Mar.-Nov., dry, siln
Mimu/us cardinalis Crimson monkey flower AZ 2-3 ft., red-orange, Apr.-Oct., wet-mesic,
partial shade
Mimulus guttatus Golden monkey flower AZNM 2-3 ft., yellow, Mar.-Aug., wet-mesic,
sun to partial sun, annual or perennial
So u thwc:-t Rcconnncnded Native Plant Spc:c.ics List 2001 Page 21
~ Lad \• Bird h 'l hll"""':n \\'ilJ fl,··,wr Cent a Prinred fill Rc\.)deJ P;t p\·f
)Herbaceous (\\'i l d fl mvcrs) c o n tinned
Mimu/us primu/oide s Primrose monkey fl ower AZ 2 in ., y e ll ow, Ju ne-Aug., wet to wet-
mesic, sun to p arti al sun, ground cover
Mirabilis mu/tijlora Wild four o 'clock AZNM 1-2 ft ., ros e-purple, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun
Mit chel/a repens Partridge beny OK TX 2 in ., pinkish-white, Apr.-June, wet-
mesic to mes ic-dry, partial sun to shade,
red berries, evergreen ground cover
Monarda cilriodora Horsemint, Lemon NM OK TX 2-3 ft ., white-pink/purple, Apr.-Oct.,
beebalm, Lemon mint mesic-dry to dry, sun, annual or biennial
Monarda fistu/osa Wild bergamot, Horsemint, OKTX 2-5 ft., lavender, July-Aug., wet-mesic
Beebalm to dry, sun to partial shade
Monarde//a odoratissima Coyote mint, AZNM 1 ft., white to blue-purple, June-Aug.,
Mountain pennyroyal dry, partial sun, variable
Nemophila phacelioides Baby blue eyes OKTX 6-12 in., blue-purple, Mar.-May, dry,
sun, annual
Nolina microcarpa Sacahuis~, Bear grass AZ*NM 4-5 ft., white, Mar.-July, dry, sun
Nolina parryi Parry's nolina, AZ* 1 1/2-5 ft., white, Apr.-June, dry, sun,
Bigelow nolina yucca-like
Oenothera a/bicau/is Pale evening primrose AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., white fading to pink, Apr.-June,
wet-mesic to dry, sun, flowers open in
evening, annual
Oenothera biennis Common evening primrose OKTX 2-4 ft., yellow, July-frost, wet-mesic to
dry, sun, biennial
Oenothera brachycarpa Evening primrose AZ NM TX 12-24 in., yellow fading to red, Mar.-
var. wrighlii June, mesic-dry to dry, sun, flowers
open in evening
Oenothera caespitosa Gumbo evening primrose, AZNM To 1 ft., white fading to purple, June,
Gumbo Lily dry, sun, flowers open in evening
Oenothera deltoides Fragrant primrose, AZ 2-10 in., white fading to pink, Mar.-May,
Desert evening primrose dry, sun, annual
Oenothera jlava Shortfin evening primrose AZNM 6-12 in., yellow, Apr.-Aug., wet-mesic
to mesic-dry, sun
Oenothera macrocarpa Missouri evening primrose OKTX 6-12 in., yellow fading to red, May
Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun, flowers
open in evening
Oenothera primiveris Bottle evening primrose, AZ NM TX 6-12 in ., yellow fading to red, Mar.-Apr.,
Yellow desert primrose mesic-dry to dry, sun, annual
Oenothera rhombipetala Diamond-petal primrose, OKTX. 2-3 ft., yellow, June-Sept., dry, sun,
Four-point evening primrose annual or biennial
Oenothera speciosa Pink evening primrose OKTX l-2 ft., white fading to pink, Apr.-July,
dry, sun, day flowering, annual
Orbexilum peduncu/atum Sampson's snakeroot, TX Up to 2 ft., lilac, Apr.-May, wet-mesic-
Bobsroot snakeroot mesic-dry, sun to partial shade
Orthocarpus purpurascens Red owl's clover AZ 4-16 in., pink & purple, Mar.-May, dry,
sun, annual ..
Palafoxia callosa Small palafoxia OK*TX Up to 2 ft., brown-reddish purple, Aug.-
Sept., mesic-dry, sun, annual
Pee/is angustifolia Limoncillo, Fetid marigold AZ NM TX 8-10 in ., yellow, July-Sept., dry, sun,
annual
So uth wes t Recomme nd ed Native Planr Species List 20 0 1 P age 22
~~:· l.:l\.h Birt.I _J ,·,hn"4•h \\· ii J lf ,hH·r De n k< Prin ltJ "r& H,e,·\d l'd Pa p i.:r
"H e rbaceou s (wildflm·vcrs) continued
Pedicularis groenlandica Elephant heads AZNM Up to 2 ft ., red-purple, July-Sept., mesic-
dry to dry, sun
Penslemon albidus White beardtongue NM OK TX 6-24 in., white to lavender, Apr.-June,
dry, sun
Penslemon alpinus Blue penstemon, NM 2-3 ft., blue-purple, July, mesic-dry to
Alpine penstemon dry, sun
Penslemon ambiguus Sand penstemon NM OK TX 2-3 ft., white/pink, May-Aug., dry, sun,
shrub
Penslemon angustifo/ius Whorled penstemon AZ NM OK Up to 1 ft., blue-Lilac to white, May-June,
mesic-dry to dry, sun
Pens/emon baccharifolius Rock penstemon TX 6-24 in., scarlet red, June-Sept., mesic to
dry, sun to part shade
Penstemon barbatus Red penstemon, NMTX Up to 6 ft., red/yellow, June-Sept., mesic
Scarlet bugler to dry, sun ,
Penstemon bridgesii Bridge's penstemon, AZNM Up to 2 ft., red to scarlet, June-Aug.,
Mountain scarlet penstemon mesic-dry to dry, sun
Penstemon cobaea Cobaea penstemon, OK*TX 2-3 ft., white or pale violet/purple, May-
Wild foxglove June, dry, sun
Pens lemon fendleri Fendler penstemon, AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., lavender-violet, Apr.-Aug., mesic-
Purple foxglove dry, sun
Penstemon grandijlorus Large-flowered penstemon OKTX 2-3 ft., pink-lavender, May-June, mesic-
dry to dry, sun
Penstemon jamesii James' penstemon AZ NM TX 6-12 in., pale lavender, June, mesic-dry
to dry, sun
Penstemon murrayanus Red penstemon, OK*TX 24-36 in., red, Apr.-June, mesic-dry to
Cupleaf beardtongue dry, sun to part shade
Penstemon parryi Parry penstemon AZ Up to 4 ft., rose-magenta, Mar.-Apr.,
mesic-dry to dry, sun
Penstemon Desert beardtongue AZNM Up to 40 in., rose-purple, Mar.-June, dry,
pseudospectabilis sun
Penstemon thurberi Sand penstemon AZNM Up to 2 ft., blue-violet, May-June, dry,
sun
Petalostemum candidum White prairie clover OKTX 1-2 ft., white, July-Aug., mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Petalostemum purpureum Purple prairie clover OKTX 1-2 ft., purple, July-Aug., mesic to dry,
sun
Phacelia congesta Blue curls AZ NM TX 12-24 in., blue or purple, Mar.-June, dry,
sun to part shade, annual or biennial
Phlox drummondii Drummond's phlox TX 2-18 in., red-purple, Mar.-Apr., mesic-
dry, sun, annual
Phlox nana Santa Fe phlox, AZ NM TX Up to 1 ft., purple to pink, Mar.-Nov.,
White-eyed phlox, dry, sun
Canyon phlox
Phlox pilosa Prairie phlox, Downy phlox OKTX 1-2 ft., pink-lavender, May-July,.mesic to
dry, sun
Physostegia digitalis Obedient plant TX Up to 6 ft., pale lavender-white, June-
Aug., wet-mesic-dry, sun to part shade
Physostegia intermedia Obedient plant OKTX 6-48 in., lavender, Apr.-June, wet-mesic, sun
South"vc:;t R e:c ()l\ltncndcd Nati\'e Plane Species List 2001 ·rage 2·3
·t..! 1,-4\d)' 1l irJJc•hn ,:..•n \Vildfhw ~r L\·1'l1cr Pr mr (.·J 1•r. l{Ci:\~h.·d P;!per
:...Her bacc.ous (\vildflow ~rs) co n tinued
Physostegia virginiana Obedient plant, OKTX 2-4 ft ., lavender, Aug.-Sept., wet-mesic
False dragonhead to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade
Platystemon californicus Creamcups AZ Up to 12 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, annual
Podophy/lum peltatum May apple OKTX 1-1 1/2 ft., white, May, wet-mesic,
partial shade
Polemonium folio sissimum Jacob's ladder AZNM 2-3 ft., white-cream, violet, blue, June-
Aug., mesic-dry, sun
Potentilla arguta White cinquefoil, AZNMOK 2-3 ft., cream, June-Sept., wet-mesic to
Prairie cinquefoil, dry, sun
Tall cinquefoil
Potentilla simplex Common cinquefoil OKTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, mesic-dry to
dry, sun to part shade
Potentilla th11rberi Red cinquefoil AZNM 2-3 ft., red-purple, July-Oct., mesic to
mesic-dry, shade
Proboscidea louisianica Devil's claw, Unicom plant, TX Up to 3 ft., white/purple, June-Sept.,
Proboscis flower, wet-mesic, sun, annual
Ram's horn
Psilostrophe tagetina Woolly paperflower AZ NM TX 6-18 in., yellow, Mar.-Sept, mesic-dry,
sun
Pycnanthemum lenuifolium Slender mountain mint OKTX 2-3 ft ., white, Aug.-Sept., wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun to partial sun
Ranu.nculus cardiophyllus Buttercup AZNM 6-24 in., yellow, iune-Aug., wet-mesic,
sun
Ranunculus fascicularis Early buttercup, OKTX 6-li in., yellow, Feb.-May, wet to dry,
Tufted buttercup sun to part shade
Ranunculus macranthus Large buttercup AZ NM TX Up to 2 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, wet to
mesic, sun to part shade
Ratibida columnifera Prairie coneflower, AZNMOKTX l-3 ft., red-yellow, June-Aug., mesic-
Long-headed coneflower,. dry to dry, sun
Mexican hat
Ratibida pinnata Gray-headed coneflower, OK 3-5 ft., yellow, July-Aug., wet-mesic to
Yellow coneflower · mesic-dry, sun to partial sun
Rhexia virginica Meadow beauty OKTX 1-2 ft ., purplish-red, July-Sept., wet-
mesic, partial sun
Rudbeckia grandiflora Large coneflower OKTX Up to 3 ft., yellow, June-Aug., mesic to
dry, sun
Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet-mesic to
dry, sun to partial shade
Ruellia humi/is Wild petunia OKTX 2-3 ft., lavender to light blue, Apr.-Oct.,
wet-mesic, sun to part shade
Ruellia nudiflora Wild petunia, Violet ruellia AZNMTX Up to 2 ft., purple-blue, Mar.-Nov.,
mesic-dry, sun
Sabatia campestr is Prairie rose gentian, OKTX 1-2 ft., green to yellow, Apr.-July, wet-
Prairie sabatia, Meadow pink mesic to dry, sun, annual '
Salvia arizonica Arizona sage AZNMTX Up to 4 ft., blue, May-Nov., dry, sun
Salvia azurea Blue sage TX 2-4 ft., blue, Sept.-Oct., dry, sun
var. grandiflora
Salvia co/umbariae Chia AZ 4-20 in., blue, Mar.-June, dry, sun, annual
S0 u th wc~t Reco mmended Native Pla n t Species Lic;t WOl P age 2.4
~!: Lad~· Bird J,°'Jrn 11K'1 n \\:ildfk• .. l'<r Center
JHcrhaccous (wildflowers) continued
Salvia fa rinac ea Mealy blue sage NM TX Up to 3 ft ., blue, A pr.-N ov., wet-mesic
to dry, sun
Salvia lyrata Cancer w eed, Lyre-leaf sage OKTX 2-3 ft., violet-light blue, D ec.-May,
mesic to dry, sun to pa rt sh ade
Schrankia uncinata Catclaw s e nsitive briar OKTX 2-3 ft ., pink, Apr.-June , dry, sun
Sedum nuttal/ianum Yellow stonecrop OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, Apr.-July, dry, sun, annual
Senecio glab el/us Butterweed OKTX 6-18 in., yellow, M ar.-Apr., w e t-m esic,
sun, annual
Senecio plattensis Prairie ragwort, OKTX 10-18 in., yellow, Mar.-Apr., m esic-dry,
Prairie groundsel sun
Senna lindheimeriana Lindheimer senna, AZ NM TX 3-6 ft., yellow-light brown, Aug.-Oct.,
Velvetleaf senna mesic to dry, sun
Senna roemeriana Two-leaved senna NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Apr.-May (Aug.), mesic
to dry, sun
Sidalcea neomexicana Checker mallow, AZNM 3 ft., mauve, Apr.-June, wet to wet-
Prairie mallow mesic, sun
Si/ene laciniata Southern Indian pink, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., scarlet, July-Oct, mesic-dry,
Catchfly, Mexican campion shade
Si/ene ste/lata Starry campion OKTX Up to 3 ft., white, May-July, wet-mesic
var. scabrella to dry, sun to part shade
Silphium integrifo/ium Rosinweed OK 2-6 ft., yellow, July-Sept, wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Silphium laciniatum Compass plant OKTX 3-12, yellow, July-Sept., wet-mesic to
mesic-dry, sun
Sisyrinchium campestre White-eyed grass, OKTX 8-15 in., blue, May-June, mesic to dry,
Prairie blue-eyed grass sun
So/idago canadensis Canada goldenrod AZ NM OK TX 2-4 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept, wet-mesic to
dry, sun
Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod, AZ NM OK 8-24 in., yellow, Aug.-Sept, mesic to
Prairie goldenrod dry, sun
Solidago nemoralis Gray goldenrod, OKTX 6-20 in., yellow, Aug.-Oct., mesic-dry to
Old-field goldenrod dry, sun
So/idago speciosa Showy goldenrod OKTX 1-5 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., mesic to dry,
sun to partial sun
Sphaeralcea ambigua Desert mallow AZ 1-3 ft., orange, Mar.-May, dry, sun,
shrubby
Sphaeralcea coccinea Scarlet globe mallow AZNMOKTX 6-12 in., red, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun
Sphaeralcea parvifolia Globe mallow AZNM 24-36 in., red-orange, May-July, dry, sun
Spigelia marilandica Indian pink, Pinkroot OKTX 1-2 ft ., red, May-July, wet-mesic to
mesic, partial shade
Stachys coccinea Texas betony AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., scarlet, Mar.-Oct., wet-mesic
to mesic-dry, sun to part shade, hairy
Talinum aurantiacum Flame flower AZ NM TX 6-12 in., orange-red, June-Oct., dry; sun
Tephrosia virginiana Goat's rue OKTX 1-2 ft., yellow/cream, Apr.-Juoe, dry, sun
Teucrium laciniatum Dwarf g ermander, NM OK TX 4-6 in., white-cream/purple, May-Sept.,
Cutleaf germander dry, sun
Southwest. RecommendeJ Native Plant Species List. 2001 J>age 2.5
:f.~ J :t~f ~ nicd )tlht:'-l '!l \\:"jhlt l"1'H r (.:...•nl\•r Pri nt.··I <:n 1h·n ·.:lnl P;1p...·r
~Herbaceous (wi ldflowers) continued
Thalictrum dasycarpum Tall meadow rue AZ NM OK TX 3-5 ft., white, June-July, wet-mesic to
mesic, shade to partial sun
Thelesperma filifolium Thelespenna, Greenthread OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, May-July, dry, sun, annual
var. filifolium
Thlaspi fendleri Wild candytuft, Penny cress AZNM 6-12 in., white to lavender, Apr.-May, dry,
sun
Tradescantia occidentalis Western spiderwort AZNMOKTX 6-24 in., blue-rose, Mar.-July, dry, sun
Tradescantia ohio ensis Ohio spiderwort OKTX 2-3 ft., blue, June-Aug., wet-mesic to dry,
sun
Trichachne californica Cottontop AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., white-purplish, Apr.-Sept, dry
Verbena bipinnatiflda Prairie verbena, AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft ., pink-purple, Mar.-Dec., wet-
Dakota vervain mesic to mesic dry, sun
Verbena canadensis Rose vervain, Sweet william OKTX 5-10 in ., pink, Feb.-Jun., mesic-dry to dry,
partial shade, annual or biennial,
ground cover
Verbena gooddingii Pink verbena, AZ 6-8 in., pink-purple, Apr.-June, mesic to
Southwestern vervain dry, sun, ground cover
Verbena stricta Hoary vervain NM OK TX Up to 6 ft., blue or purple, June-Sept., dry,
sun, hairy
Vernonia baldwinii Ironweed, Western ironweed OKTX 2-4 ft ., purple, June-Aug., mesic-dry, sun
Vernonia /indheimeri Woolly ironweed TX 1-30 in ., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun,
white hairy
Viguiera deltoidea Shrubby goldeneye AZ 2 ft., yellow, Feb.-June & Sept.-Oct., dry,
sun
Viguiera den/ala Goldeneye AZ NM TX 3-6 ft., yellow, Oct., dry, sun
Viguiera multijlora Showy goldeneye AZNM 3-4 ft., yellow, July-Sept., dry, sun
Viola canadensis Canada violet AZ NM OK TX 8-16 in., white, May-July, wet-mesic to
mesic, shade
Viola missouriensis Missouri violet ·NM OK TX Up to 3 in., light blue, Mar.-May, wet-
mesic, shade
Viola pedata Birdsfoot violet OKTX 4-10 in., purple, May-June, mesic-dry to
dry, sun to partial shade
Viola pedatifida Prairie violet AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 in., violet, wet-mesic, shade
Wedelia hispida Wede Ii a TX Up to 3 ft., orange-yellow, June-Nov.,
wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to part shade
Xanthisma texanum Sleepy daisy OKTX 12-36 in., yellow, Apr.-Dec., mesic-dry to
dry, sun to part shade
Zauschneria latifolia Hummingbird trumpet AZNM 6-12 in ., red, June-Aug., mesic-dry to dry,
sun
Zephyranthes drummondii Rain lily, Prairie lily NM OK TX Up to 1 ft., white/red, May-Sept., dry, sun,
fragrant, night blooming
Ziz ia aurea Golden alexanders OKTX 1-3 ft., yellow, May-June, wet-mesic to
mesic, sun to partial shade
So uthwc :-;t Rccomrnen<lcd Native Plant Species List 2001 Page 26
!:-) L:u:h: Hird J\1hn..;n n \Vif dff ,·..,,~cr Ccnt<-r Pd1\i1•d ,•11 Hc ... ~d'-'J l'a pC'r
' 1G1ossary
Annual
Plants whose life cycle, from seed to mature plant, producing flowers, fruits and seeds, is completed in a
single growing season. After seeds are produced, the plant usually dies.
Biennial
Plants whose life cycle extends over two growing seasons. The seed germi nates the first year, producing a
seedling that usually remains short over the winter. During the second growing season, the seedling rapidly
elongates , flowers, produces seeds, and dies.
Deciduous
Plants which shed their leaves annually.
Endangered
Plants in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range.
Herbaceous
Plants that lack woody tissues and therefore "die-back" at the end of the growing season.
Mesic
Moderate amount of soil moisture.
Perennial
Plants whose life cycle extends for an indefinite period beyond two growing seasons. These plants generally
do not die after flowering.
Threatened
Plants likely to become endangered within the forseeable future.
Snuthwest Recommended Native P la n t Spe ci es Lis t 2001 Page 27
Report on 2001 Liatris cymosa Search
Lori Biederman
August 28, 2001
I searched 12 known locations of Liatris pymosa and searched for new populations
between August 7 and 28, 2001. Of these 12 locations, I found plants at 5. One of these
sites is privately owned and will likely be developed soon. The other 2 sites are parks
owned by the city of City of College Station and of these, one population (the arboretum)
is probably being seriously set back by mowing. The Wood Creek population appears to
be healthy .
In addition, I found 15 new sites. In 2 cases I had difficulty deciding on what to call a
population. It would be useful to haye a topographic map and a recent air photo to help
make this determination. I have made preliminary judgements. There are 4
concentrations of plants in the Foxfire subdivision (New populations E-H). I list these as
separate populations because the plants appear in pockets within a post oak woodland ,
which may not be suitable habitat. Conversely, there are 3 concentrations in the vicinity
of Harris and Bradley Roads (New population L}, but they seem to be connected by
suitable habitat (pasture and utility corridors) so I grouped them together as one
population.
The new locations can be broken down into four categories based on the threats to the site
and the conservation possibilities.
1. Some sites are threatened by development ; they are either for sale or are the next
logical step for a growing subdivision. These sites include: Population A (Wood
Creek Road}, B (Holleman Road), C (Hunter's Addition}, K (Rock/Green Prairie
Roads}, M (Appomattox}, and N (Copperfield).
2 . Some areas appear to be intentionally unmowed front yards or extra lots. I think it
might be fruitful to contact the land owners. A variance from the weed law may be
needed from the city for these areas . These areas include : Population H (Foxfire 4), J
(Sebesta}, and L (Harris/Bradley #3)
3 . Many plants are found in little habitat pockets that are not regularly mowed, such as
road right-of-ways, utility easements, and creek beds. Many of these plants are in the
Foxfire sub-division, which seems to have been developed by leaving as much of the
existing vegetation as possible, unlike most subdivisions here, which everything is
razed . Some of these areas may be candidates for greenway acquisition. Again, a
variance from the weed law may be needed from t he city for the private areas . These
areas include: Population E (Foxfire 1), F (Foxfire 2), G (Foxfire 3), I (Technology
Parkway), J (Sebesta), and L (Harris/Bradley #2).
4. One population (0) is public (owned by TAMU).
5. Two areas [Population D(Advance Hydrocarbon), and L (Harris Bradley #1)] are
larger areas that do not appear to have an immediate threat (at least for the next year)
as they are not for sale, nor are they in a growing subdivision. Although they are very
disturbed, they might be good candidates for an easement or outright purchase .
I also observed a few things about the plant on my journeys. They are tough: a
few blooming in the turned up area in the road construction zone . I also observed a
butterfly (possibly a fritillary) and a small skipper pollinating plants.
I spent less than 20 hours searching for the plant and by no means was it
systematic or widespread . I think that it would be a good idea we could organize a more
systematic search next year.
I found no plants at these documented locations:
EOR# 1 Minter springs. Date: August 12 , 2001 . Found no plants, but there seems to be habitat around
and some private areas (?) that I did not venture into .
EOR# 2 Wellbom Date: August 12, 2001. I looked in the area mapped and up and down the RR
ROW and found none . I also looked in promising areas in the RR ROW between College Station and
Wellborn but found none (not a complete search).
EOR# 7 Hwy 60 near Brazos County Border Date: August 13 , 2001. None seen, and it is unlikely that
there are some still present (highway widened since last sighting and no good habitat seen).
EOR# 13 Hwy 30 2-3 miles south of college station. Date: August 13 , 200 l. Found no plants, but there
seems to be habitat around .
EOR# 22 Jct of 6 and 2818 in Bryan . Date: August 13 , 2001. Found no plants . Some habitat present,
but it is unlikely.
EOR# 25 White Creek Road Date: August 13 , 2001. Some habitat present, but I did not see any
plants.
EOR# 26 Date: August 12, 2001. None seen, unlikely it is still present here .
I found plants at these previously documentyd locations:
EOR# 5 Navarro Road. Date: August 12 , 2001.
Location: Dot to be moved? A vacant lot at the NE comer of Wellborn (2154) and Navarro Rd. 0. 7 mi . S
of the intersection of 2154 and 2818 .
Habitat notes: 30 plants in the middle of the lot and 11 additional plants at the edge of the ditch . Open,
grass thin and some bare patches. A euphorb and Rudbeckia common. Looked in RR ROW (across street)
and in other nearby fields and found none .
Notes: Area is zoned C-1 and is up for sale . Lot is between new apartment buildings and major road It is
likely the area will be developed soon.
EOR# 11 Harvey Road Date: August 28, 2001
Location notes: West of the southbound feeder road to highway 6, near the intersection of 6 and Hwy 30 ,
just north of where the off-ramp merges.
Habitat notes: A few plants seen around a telephone pole in the ditch. I suspect they are able to live here
because the area around the telephone pole is kept open, but is not mowed regularly. Post oak woodland to
the west.
Voucher? No
EOR# 12 Barron Road :Dat.e: August 19, 2001.
Location: No plants seen on the west side of Hwy 6. On the east side of Hwy 6, across from Barron Road,
there are . Also found 7 plants in a low open area behind Christ Methodist Church and their adult education
building.
Habitat notes: 30 -40 plants scattered throughout an open area. Plants are short statured, possibly from
mowing earlier in the season. Short grasses and enphorb abundant. johnson grass occasional. Rag weed
Notes: It is unlikely that it is still present on the west side of the highway, deveklping & no good habitat
remains. A Harley-Davidson dealership will be going in on the north end of field
*EOR# 17 Anderson Arboretutn Date: August 7, 2001.
Notes: No plants found in the graminetum (Row #4). 14 plants found in are of rows 1-3 (but since native
population was there when rows were planted, do not know if they are the planted ones or not). City is
mowing much of the area and I found plants right up to mowed area.
*EOR# 19 Woodcreek Park Date: August 7, 200 1.
Location update: Wood Creek Parle is at the end of Shadowcrest Drive.
Notes: Approximately 150 plants along developed and undeveloped nature trails and the creek bank.
Plants in the open and along the edges of a post oak canopy . Plants also abundant in a utility ROW at the
NE comer of the park (owned by Texas Digital) and there are 25-30 plants in the utility ROW at the SE
corner of the park. I found one plant from Dr . Wilson's planted row# 6 , and no plants in planted row #5
(mowed). See attached map .
Previously undocumented populations:
New Population # A Woodcreek Road Date: August 19, 2001 .
Location: In an open old field on the south side of Woodcreek Road; less than 0 .1 miles east from the
intersection of Wood Creek Drive and the feeder road to Hwy 6 .
Habitat notes: All 12 plants within 20 meters of the road Grass taller and thicker here than other Liatris
cymosa locations. Little bluestem, a euphorb, and partridge pea occasional. Soil clayey with gravel.
Voucher? Yes
Notes: Area is up for sale (846..S878 ; 589~3109)and is in a very rapidly developing part of College Station .
.,
New Population# B Holleman. Date: August 12, 2001.
Location: At the NW comer of Holleman and Wellborn roads; 0 .7 mi . S. of2347 on Wellborn (2154).
Habitat notes: 40-50 plants visible (through binoculars) very scattered throughout old field. More
possibly behind trees. Grass layer thin and post oaks, shrubs, and little bluestern bunches occasional. Lots
of car tracks and litter throughout. I searched the adjacent RR ROW and found none.
Voucher? No
Notes: It is private property that is not up for sale, but it will likely be developed soon as 2 new apartment
complexes are adjacent.
New Population# C Hunter's Addition Date: August 15 , 2001.
Location: On the southside of Elmo Weeden Road 0 .4 miles east of its intersection with hwy 30 and FM
158 (where 30 bends).
Habitat notes: Several hundred plants in a construction site of a new subdivision. Plants separated by new
roads, in a disturbed field Site very open with some bare sandy loam soil, dry. A euphorb and Rudbeckia
common; wild indigo andjohnson grass occasional. 10 plants are in the ditch.
Voucher? Yes
Notes: Area is a new subdivision, it will likely be developed before the end of the year. Talked to
Developer Jerry Landers on August 17, 2001. He agreed to let us harvest plants in 30-60 days .
New Population #D Advance Hydrocarbon. Date: August 19 , 2001.
Location: In a large open pasture on the southwest side of Rock Prairie Road 1 mile east from its
intersection with the feeder road to Hwy 6 . Across Rock Prairie Road from the Flying Ace Ranch.
Habitat notes: Thousands of plants. Site is very disturbed and is an active cattle pasture. Open with
shorter grasses, a euphorb and monarda abundant. Sesbania occasional.
Voucher: No
Notes: Advance Hydrocarbon Corp. Ritchey SWD 409-696-0944. RC Permit 10140. Judy Downs (College
Station Greenways Coordinator) was interested in this area prior to knowing about the blazing star and
wrote Mr. Ritchey to see if he was interested in this area. The area is part of the "Triangle Study" of
College Station because it contains both the operating landfill (soon to be closed) and the old landfill.
The foxfire populations (1-4) are within the same subdivision and are in close proximity,
but are separated by post oak woodland .
New Population #E Foxfire 1. Date: August 19, 2001.
Location: At the southeast comer of Ferber Circle and Foxfire Drive; also on each side of the Foxfire
Drive around the nearby culvert (south of Ferber Circle along Foxfire).
Habitat notes: 60-80 plants. Overgrown ditches, areas lower/moister. Associated species include post oak
scrubs, ruellia, western ragweed, and short to tall grasses.
Voucher? Yes
New Population #F Foxfire 2 Date: August 19, 2001.
Location: Along a culvert on the north side of Foxfire Drive approximately 0 .1 miles west of the
intersection of Foxfire and Frost Drive. Also along Frost Drive between Foxfire and Faulkner.
Habitat notes: 10-15 plants on gentle slope to culvert. Open area in post oak woodland Soil has gravel in
it. Associated species include Sesbania, Elymus, partridge pea, sparse little bluestem, western ragweed.
10-15 along Frost Drive.
Voucher? No
New Population #G Foxfire 3. Date: August 19, 2001.
Location: In an unmowed comer between post oak woodland and the mowed ditch near the driveway of
1112 Finney circle.
Habitat notes: Approximately 10 plants. Tall grass and forbs. Sandy/gravel substrate.
Voucher?No
A
New Population #H Foxfire 4 . Date: August 19 , 2001.
Location: In an empty lot between 1007 and 1003 Howe (west side of road). Also, in the ditch at the
corner of Faulkner and Howe.
Habitat notes: 50-100 plants (intentionally not mowed??). Open with a few trees, low grasses, rudbeckia, a
yellow composite. 2 small post oaks are staked and caged Also, 15 plants in the eroding ditch. Gravelly
clay.
Voucher? Yes
New Population #I Technology Parkway Date: August 19 , 2001.
Location: Plants on both sides of Technology Parkway (a new road), particularly 0 .1 mile from the
intersection of Technology parkway and the feeder road to Hwy 6 . Plants also on the south side of the cul-
de-sac.
Habitat Notes: . On the north side there are several hundred plants in a small opening between the road
and the creek bed Open field with a sparse cover of short to medium grasses, Euphorbia, partridge pea.
Dry clay
To the south side of the road there are 50 to 100 plants in a very disturbed lot that also has a large pile of
soil stored on it. It probably was disturbed during construction of the road. Very little grass. There are 40
plants around the edge of the cul-de-sac between the mowed grass and the edge of the forest. These plants
are short-statured (shaded or mowed?).
Voucher? Yes
Notes: This would be an excellent opportunity for conservation action because there is little that could be
built there -need to find out who owns this.
New Population #J. Sebesta Date: August 19 , 2001.
Location: In the unmowed front yard of 880 l Sandstone and in the ditch south of here. Also in the utility
area at the T intersection of Sebesta and Sandstone.
Habitat Notes: 50-100 plants. Areas open and disturbed with short grasses, a euphorb, and sparse johnson
grass.
Voucher? No
New Population #K Rock/Green Prairie road Date: August 19, 2001.
Location: at the southeast corner of the intersection of Rock Prairie and Greens Prairie Roads
Habitat notes: 100-200 plants . Disturbed old pasture, dry gravelly soil. Shorter grasses, a euphorb,
Baptisia occasional.
Voucher? Yes
Notes: For sale by owner (640 acres): 979-774-0208 or 979-776-1887.
New Population #L Harris/Bradley Date: August 19, 2001. There are three areas ofLiatris concentration,
but they seem to be connected by suitable habitat (pasture and utility corridors). College Station will
probably annex this area soon.
Location 1: An abandoned pasture (broken fence and abandoned trailer) on the Northeast side of
Rock Prairie Road 0 .2 miles NW from the landfill entry drive.
Habitat notes: At least 100 plants. Short to medium height grass and abundant western ragweed,
Monarda. Dry.
Location 2: In the ditch on the southeast side of Bradley Road. Also the Utility ROW on the
northwest side of the road
Habitat notes: 10-20 plants. They are particularly concentrated along the fence row where it is
not mowed Few seen in the old field to the southeast. Associated species include: disturbance
grasses, a euphorb, western ragweed, monarda, asters, and cedars.
Voucher? Yes
Location 3: In the large front yard of 18 34 Harris Lane. A few plants in the utility corridor to the
southwest.
Habitat notes: 30-50 plants in an unmowed front yard Short to medium disturbance grasses,
partridge pea.
New Population# M Appotornix Date: August 28, 2001
Location: In an open field behind the Evergreen Development office on the east side of Appomattox Rd;
At the T of the intersection of Appomattox and Spring Creek.
Habitat notes:
Voucher? No
Notes: Not currently being developed, but there are houses going in to the north. This subdivision is
growing, so this area could be lost to houses.
New Population #N Copperfield Date: August 28, 2001
Location: In a large open area on the southside of Canterbury Rd in the Copperfield Addition at the T
intersection of Canterbury and Middlebury.
Habitat notes: 100 plants in a large open area
Voucher?No
Notes: Not currently being developed, but there are houses going in to the southeast. This subdivision is
growing, so this area could be lost to houses.
New Population #0 Old TI building. Date: August 28, 2001
Location: In a small woodland opening at the north end of the old Texas Instruments (Tracy Herbarium)
parking lot (T AMU property).
Habitat notes: Five to 10 robust plants in an opening in a post oak woodland. Vegetation somewhat
dense: little bluestem, Rudbeckia common. Euphorb, dewberry, western ragweed occasional, and holly
bushes.
Voucher? No
Notes: T AMU property, would be a good candidate for transplanting rescued specimens.