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Agenda Item Cover Sheet
Agenda Item # q, 3
X Regular Item
Consent Item
Workshop Item
Item: Public hearing, discussion and possible action on an ordinance amending
the adoption language of the Unified Development Code (UDO).
Item Summary: The proposed adoption ordinance establishes the link between
the negative impacts associated with sexually- oriented businesses and the
regulations incorporated within the UDO.
Item Background: Staff recommends the inclusion of Part 5 of the attached
ordinance to clarify the reliance of the City of College Station on the specified
studies listed in Exhibit C of the same ordinance.
The U.S. Supreme Court in City of Renton v. Playtime Theaters, Inc. (475 U.S.
41, 1986) established the need to specify the adverse impacts resulting from
sexually- oriented uses when establishing regulations for such uses. These
Impacts were to be described in a study. The study or studies could be specific
to the jurisdiction proposing the regulations, or there could be reliance on the
studies of other jurisdictions City staff relied on the studies of a number of
cities; however these studies were not individually brought to the attention of
the Council during the review of the UDO.
Staff felt it was beneficial, on the eve of the effective date of the UDO, to
describe the particular findings of these studies and therefore establish the
rationale behind the adoption of the regulations within the UDO. The UDO
establishes a one -year amortization period for such nonconforming businesses,
as well as a process for an extension.
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The attached modified ordinance links the findings of the studies and the
seminal Supreme Court case establishing such regulations as Constitutional with
the regulations established within the UDO for such businesses.
Budgetary and Financial Summary: N/A
Staff Recommendation: Staff recommends the adoption of the amended
ordinance enacting the Unified Development Code (UDO).
Relationship to Strategic Plan: Vision Statement #3, Strategy #1, We will
approve and Implement the Unified Development Ordinance (UDO) (We will
revise and guide the development process).
Relate Board Actions: The Planning and Zoning Commission unanimously
recommended approval of the UDO on February 20, 2003.
Council Action Options:
1. Approval as submitted;
2. Approval with conditions relating to specific time limitations;
3. Denial with specified reasons for denial;
4. Table; or
S. Defer action to a specified date.
Supporting Materials:
1. Ordinance
2. Memorandum
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Development Services Department
MEMORANDUM
To: City Council
From: Kelly Templin
Through: Tom Brymer
Harvey Cargill, Jr.
Date: 20 May 2003
RE: Impacts of Sexually- Oriented Businesses
There is convincing documented evidence that adult entertainment enterprises,
because of their very nature, have a deleterious effect on both the existing
businesses around them and the surrounding residential areas adjacent to them,
causing increased crime and the downgrading of the property values. Numerous
studies, reports, and findings concerning the harmful effects of adult entertainment
uses on the surrounding land uses and neighborhoods have been produced.
(A) DETROIT, MICHIGAN- The Detroit Adult Entertainment Use Regulations were
adopted in 1972 as a part of an "Anti Skid Row Ordinance" that prohibited an adult
entertainment business within 500 feet of any residential area and within 1000 feet of
any two other regulated uses. The term regulated use applied to a variety of other
sexual entertainment, establishments, including adult theaters, adult book stores,
cabarets, bars, taxi dance halls, and hotels. During the hearings on the ordinance,
the City introduced extensive documentation that demonstrated the adverse socio-
economic and blighting impacts that adult entertainment uses have on surround
development. The documentation consisted of reports and affidavits from
sociologists, urban planners, and real estate experts, as well as some laymen on the
cycle of decay expected in Detroit from the influx and concentration of such
establishments.
(B) AMARILLO, TEXAS- In 1977, the Amarillo Planning Department prepared a
report entitled, A Report on Entertainment Uses in Amarillo. The report concluded
that adult entertainment uses have adverse impacts on surrounding land uses, and
that those impacts on surrounding land uses, and that those impact can de
distinguished from those of other businesses. The study found that street crime
rates are considerably the City's average in areas immediately surrounding the adult -
only businesses, and that late at night, during their primary operating hours, these
businesses create unique problems of noise, glare, and traffic.
(C) LOS ANGELES, CALIFORNIA- A November 1984 report, The Current Status of
Pornography and it's Effect on Society, prepared by Los Angeles Police
Department's concentrating adult entertainment businesses. The overwhelming
increase in prostitution, robberies, assaults, thefts, and proportionate growth in police
personnel deployed throughout Hollywood are all representative of the blighting that
clustering of adult entertainment establishments has on the entire community.
(D) INDIANAPOLIS, INDIANA- In 1984, Indianapolis surveyed real estate experts on
the impact that adult entertainment uses had on surrounding property values. A
random sample (20 percent) of the national membership of the American Institute of
Real Estate appraisers was used. The opinion survey found that an adult bookstore
located in the hypothetical neighborhood described would have a negative impact on
residential property values of premises located within on block of the site.
(E) PHEONIX, ARIZONA- A 1979 Planning Department study compared three study
areas containing adult entertainment uses with control areas that had similar
demographic and land use characteristics but not adult entertainment businesses.
Their study indicated that, on the average, " In the three study areas, property crimes
were 36 percent higher than in the control areas.
(F) ST. PAUL, MINNESOTA- In 1978, the Planning Department of St. Paul
completed a study of Effects on Surrounding Area of Adult Entertainment
Businesses. The study concluded: (1) that were was a statistically significant
correlation between neighborhood deterioration as reflected in housing values and
crime rates and the location of adult entertainment businesses; (2) the statistical
relationship was still significant after taking into account certain marketing factors,
and; (3) there was a stronger correlation with neighborhood deterioration after
establishment of an adult entertainment business than before.
(G) BEAUTMONT, TEXAS- The effects of the concentration of adult entertainment
uses in Beaumont was clearly illustrated in the commercial revitalization plan for the
Charlton - Pollard neighborhood that was prepared by the City's Planning Department
in May of 1981. This plan described the economic decline that followed the
establishment of adult entertainment uses in a specific neighborhood. It was noted
that the growing presence of adult businesses drives away neighborhood
commercial stores.
(H) SEATTLE, WASHINGTON- In 1976, the city of Seattle amended its zoning
ordinance providing for the gradual elimination of nonconforming adult theaters. In a
memorandum to the City Planning Commission from the Planning Department,
proposed zoning ordinance amendments are recommended based in the evidence
that neighborhood property values will be negatively impacted and that residents fear
that some of the people attracted by adult theaters may constitute a threat to the
comfort and safety of the residents. Evidence was presented in the report, which
indicated that adult theaters were not compatible with adjacent residence and other
types of uses such as churches, schools, etc.
(1) AUSTIN, TEXAS- In May of 1986 the Austin Planning Department published a
report on adult businesses in Austin. An analysis of crime rates in Austin was
conducted by comparing areas with adult businesses to areas with out adult
businesses. Four study areas were chosen that did not certain adult containing only
one adult business each, and two study area were chosen containing two adult
businesses each.
Within those study areas containing adult businesses, sex crime were found to be
from two to nearly five times the citywide average. Also, sex related crime rates
were found to be 66% higher in study areas containing two adult businesses
compared to study areas containing only one (1) adult business.
Austin conducted a survey of 120 real estate appraisers and lending institutions.
Eighty -eight percent (88 %) of those responding indicated a belief that an adult
bookstore would decrease residential property values with in one (1) block, and 59%
felt that residential property values would decrease within three (3) blocks. A survey
of three adult businesses in Austin revealed that only three customers had
addresses within one mile of an adult business and 44% of all customers visiting the
three adult businesses had addresses outside the City of Austin.
The above studies show that concentrations of adult entertainment uses within a
community have a serious deleterious physical, social, and economic effect on
surrounding areas. The studies also show that regulations requiring the dispersion
of adult entertainment uses are justified. The studies also show that because of their
nature, adult entertainment uses can and should be relegated to nonresidential and
non - retail zoning districts.
Studies conducted in other cities and state throughout the country have shown a
decline in neighborhoods, and neighborhood oriented commercial, religious, and
institutional facilities when exposed to adult entertainment facilities.
The City of College Station is relying on the findings of these studies and is
attempting to benefit the public welfare by proposing new zoning rules.
The Supreme Court has upheld the validity of such controls that disperse these kinds
of activities within zoning districts that are less sensitive to their blighting influences.
That there will be adequate locations for adult entertainment enterprises with in the
City of College Station, after passage the Unified Development Ordinance (UDO).
It is recognized that adult entertainment enterprises due to their nature have serious
objectionable operational characteristics particularly when they are located in close
proximity to each other, thereby contributing to urban blight and downgrading the
quality of life in the adjacent areas.
The City seeks to minimize and control these adverse effects and thereby preserve
the property values and character of surrounding neighborhoods, deter the spread of
urban blight, protect the citizens from increased crime, preserve the quality of life,
and protect the health, safety, and welfare of the citizenry.