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GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
OSHA STANDARD 29 CFR PART 1926, SUBPART P shaff
be used for deskJn of trench sofety requirements. Should
there be any conflict between this drawing and CFR 1926,
SUBPART P, the OSHA Standard shoff prevail.
Pn:>t8Ction .of ~ irr eJt\7~ons against cove-ins
and against faffing rock. soil or material by use of on "adequate"
system. An exeption being when the excavation is in stable
rock or when the excavdtion is less than 5 feet deep and
examination by 0 competent person provides no evidence that
o cove-in should be expected. Protection from falling rock,
sailor material inclucles scaling to remove loose rock or soil,
instaffation of protective borricades and other "equivolent
protection. " Materiol or equipment which might faff or roff into
on excavation must be kept at least two feet from the edge of
excavations, or hove retaining devices, or be prevented from
foffing with 0 combination of both precautions.
Doily inspections of excavations, adjacent areas, and
protective systems by 0 competent person and the removal of
exposed employees if evidence of possible cove-ins, failure of
protective systems, hazardous atmosphere, or other hazardous
conditions until necessary precautions hove been token.
A "competent person" sould remain at the worksite continually
while employees ore within on open excavation where protective
systems ore being used.
Removal of or neutralization of surface encumbrances which
moy create 0 hazard.
Estimate location of unclerground installations (sewer,
telephone, electrical, fuel and other lines; storage tanks, etc.)
prior to digging; pinpoint actual locations os estimated
locations ore approached.
Romps, runways, fodders or stairs as means of access/egress
must be within 25 feet of an employee work area if 0 trench is
four feet or more deep.
Warning systems for mobile equipment including barricades,
hand or mechanical signals, or stop logs.
Testing and Controls for hazardous atmosphere including
emergency rescue equipment and doily inspections for potentially
hazardous conditions by 0 "competent person." Controls include
individually attended lifelines during descent into bell-bottom
pier holes or similar excavations.
Support systems such os shoring, bracing, or underpinning to
ensure the stability of adjacent structures such os buildings,
walls or sidewalks.
REQUIREMENT
FOR
SLOPING AND BENCHING SYSTEMS (FOUR OPTIONS)
1 ) A slope of 34 degrees or .'ess, in lieu of soil
classification. A stope of this gradation or less is considered
safe for any type of soil.
2) Maximum allowable slopes and allowable confkJurations
for sloping and benching systems will be determined through use
of Appendices A (Soil classification) and B (SlOping and
Benching) of 29CFR Port 1926, Subport P.
3) Designs of sloping or benching sholl be selected from,
and be in accordance with, data provided in written form. The
text to identify: Criteria that affect the selection, the limits
of use of the data, and sufficient explanatory data os
necessary to assist in making 0 correct choice of 0 protective
system. At least one copy of the tabulated data identifying
the Registered Professional Engineer who approved the
information sholl be maintained ot the jobsite during tM work
is being carried out.
4) Excavations con be designed by 0 Registered Professional
Engineer, put in written form and kept at the worksite, but
must include, at least, the magnitude and configuration of the
slopes determined to be safe for the project and the nome of
the RPE who approved the plan.
TABLE. OF MAXIMUM
ALLOWABLE SLOPES
SOIL OR ROCK TYPE
MAXIMUM AlLOWABLE SLOPES (H:V)
EXCAVATIONS LESS THAN 20 FEET DEEP
VERTiCAl (90 deg)
3/4 : 1 153 degl
1 : 1 45 deg
1 1/2 : 1 34 deg
FOR
STABLE ROCK
TYPE A
TYPE B
TYPE C
ALUMINUM
HYDRAULIC
VERnCAI.. SHORES FOR SOIL l't'PES It. " B
HYDRUAlfC CYUNDERS
Depth
of
Trench
Width of Trench (Feet)
Maximum
Horizontal
Spacing
(Feet)
Maximum
Vertical
S~cing
(Feet)
Over 8
Up to 12
Over 12
Up to 15
Up to 8
(feet)
Over
5
Up tp
10
8 (Type A)
8 (Type B)
Over
10
Up to
15
8 (Type A)
6.5 (Type B)
2 inch
Diameter
Note (2)
2 inch
Diameter
3 inch
Diameter
4
Over
15
Up to
20
7 (T~ A)
5.5 (T)lp8 a)
Over 20
See Note (1)
..,..
SOIL
CLASSIFICATION
os per Appendi. A to SUbpart P, OSHA a CfR Part 1926
TYPE A
Type A means cohesive ... with on unconfJned compressive
Atrq!.t> (:1/ UJ. t8f 0 rtJr ~. 6amp1es 0(
cone_ soi.. Ore: eloy, eandy eloy, clay loom
and in some CO$e8, . loom ond soMy clay loom.
Cemented soRe such 08 colfehe and hardtkln Ore also
considered T)lp8 A. However, no soil is t)lp8 A if;
1) The soil is flssured; or
2) The soit is subject to vlbrotion from heovy
traffic. pile driving, or similior ."..; or
3) The soil hoB been JQviouafy .; ar
4} TM soil is port of 0 aIoped, I)1ftem
where tM layers dip into the e.COWJtion on 0
stope 01 four horizontfIJI to one vertiCal (4H;1V)
or greater; or .
5) TM materlof is sUbject to other lactors that
woukl require It to be classFted as 0 ... stobie
material.
TYPE B
T~pe B Means;
1) Cohesive soil with on unconf'1ned c?fl'1Pressive
streagUl greater than 0.5 ts' (48 kPo); or
2)Granular cohesion less sol" including:' angulor
grovel (similar to crushed rock), sift, silty loom,
sondy loom and in some cases, silty loom
and sandy cloy loom.
3) Previously disturbed soils except those which
would otherwise be classed os TYf>e CsoU.
4) Soil that meets the unconfined compressive
strength or cementation req\lirements for Type
A. but is fi88Ured or "ject to vibration; or
5) Dry rock that is not stobie; ar
6) Moterial that is pori. of e stoped. layered
system where the foyers dip into the excovation
on 0 sfope less steep then four horizontal to one
vertical (4H: 1V), but only if the materiol would
otherwise be clossified as Type B.
TYPE C
Type C means:
1) Cohesive seil with on unconfined compressive
strength of 0.5 tsf (48kPa) or less; or
2) Granular soils including grovel. send and
loomy send; or
3) Submerged soil or soil from which water is
freely seeping; or
4) Submerged rock that is not stable; or
5) Materiol in a sloped. oyered system where
the layers dip into the excavation on a slope of
four horizontal to one vertical (4H;1V) or steeper.
PROTECTIVE
SYSTEMS
SUPPORT SHIELD AND OTHER PROTECTIVE ~ (FOUR OPTIONS)
1) OMltns for timber' shofint..in .~. . in occordonce
with the conditions and requirmentS determined ~ using
Appendices A ond C (timber shoring for trenches' of 20 eFR. Part
1926, Subpart P. For aluminum ~roulic sharing. Appendices
A and 0 of 29 CfR, Part 1926.Subport p. COIl be used if
monufacturers' tobulated data is not GVoifobIe.
2) Designs of support systems. shield systems or other protective
systems usint manufoctu,.rs' tebutot<<J data may be used, deviation
oUowed only with specific, written ~I of the manufocturer.
3) Designs of support syetams, Shield syetems ar other protective
systems using other tobutoted data may be uaed proWjed the dotais
in writing and in4;ludes; ~~ infarmotion to aid the user
in makirtg 0 ....ction. the criterie determining the selection, and
the limitS on tM use. of the datO. At t one cOW of the
information, including the ~ of the. ,is to be kept at the
worksite during con8truCtion of the .-.teeti_ ~.
4) Design systems not using Goy of the three previousfy cited
options mUM be approved by 0 Registered Professional Engineer, sholl
be in writing and include the Identity of the RPE and details such os
sizes. types and confgurotions of . tM materiols to be used. At least
one copy of the pion is to be kept at the job Illite during construction.
According to the new standard. information necessory for the
safe instoflation, plocement, use OIld removol of any. trench
support systems must be available at the work site at 011 times.
NOTES;
1. Numbers shown in parentheses next to maximum allowable slopes ore angles
expressed in degrees from tM horizontal, Angles hove been rounded off.
2. A short-term maximum oflowoble slope of 1/2H:1V (63 deg.) is aUowed in
excavotionsin Type A soil that are 12 feet (3.67m) or less in depth. Short-
term maximum alowoblest.. fer exeovotiens greater than 12 feet (3.67m)
in depth shoff be 3/4H:tV ('3 deg,),
3. Sloping or benchino for ex~otiot'la treat.r than 20 feet clep sholl be
designed by a Registered Pfofftliot\Ol ~neer.
4, For acceptable sfopa ClAd benchino ~otions, see figure B-1 in OSHA
Standard 29 CFR Part 1'3, ~ P.
SHORING
YlAlER S'SDI$ FOR SOIL 'WPE.. .
WALES
HYDRAUlIC CYUNDERS
Width of Trench (Feet)
over " OVer 1 2
Up to 8 Up to 12 Up to 15
....... ~ ....... ~ Hodz. Cylindw
Spe. r"'.- .,.. #1-' Spac. _.
8.0 2ia 8.0 8.0 3 ift
9.0 2' ia ,.0... (Q 9,0 3 in
12.0 .3 ift 12.0 .3 ia 12,0 3 ia
''''.0 4< ... 6" 2 in 60 " 2ft
u ......, _ '.....(Q . ... R'
8.0 .3 irt "8 .3 irt 8.0 3 in
3ia 10.0 I 3 in \0.0 3 in
. .
TlWBrn UPRIGHTS
Mox. ,.Horiz'. Spocing
\ On CCIter)
Oepth
of
Trench
. Verticof
Shoring
(Feet)
(In ">
3..5
SOlid
Sheet 2 R. J R.
(feet)
Over
5
Up tp
10
4
1.0
14.0
--JxU
Over
10
Up to
15
15
7.8
...
- J x 12 -
-
.<
U J.
I ..
3.
3,
'.0
.3 in ::I x U
..
3in
,I
.
Footnotes to tables and general notes on hydraulic shoring
)
* Consult product manufacturer and! or qualified engineer for Section Modulus of available wales,
.
Depth
<.If
Trench
(feet)
5
Up to
10
10
Up to
15
15
Up to
20
Over 20
Depth
of
Trench
( feet)
5
Up to
10
10
Up to
15
15
Up to
20
Over 20
Depth
of
Trench
(feet)
5
Up to
10
10
Up to
15
15
Up to
20
Over 20
TIMBER
TtRENCH
SHORING
MINIMUM
Wixed ook or equiv. w /bending stre['9th not less thon 850 psi
, SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OF WEWBERS **
Horizontal
Spacing
(Feet)
Up to B
Upto8
Cross Braces
Wales
Uprights
Maximum allowable horizontal
1;:..'"
Close 4 5 6 8
2 x 6
Width of Trench (Feet) irI:;~ Size
Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to (In)
4 6 9 12 15 (Feet)
Vert.
(Feet)
Not
Req'd
Not
Req'd
2 x 8
4x44x44x66x66xB 4
Not
Req'd
Not
Req'd
4x44x44x66x66x6 4
Up to 12
Up to 10 4 x 6 4 x 6 4 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 4 8 x 8 4
4x6 4x6 6x6 6x6 Bx6
2 x 6
Depth
of
Trench
(feet)
Over
5
Up tp
10
Over
10
Up to
15
Over,
15
Up to
20
Qver2D
2 x 6
4
8 x 8 4
Not Not
Req'd Req'd
8 x 8 4
4x4 4x4 4x6 6x6 6x6
4
3 x 8
Up to 6
Upt08
Up to 10
Up to 12
Upt06
Upt08
Up to 10
Up to 12
Horizontal
Spacing
(Feet)
Up to 6
Up to 8
Up to 10
See Note 1
Up to 6
Up to 8
Up to 10
See Note 1
Upto6
Up to 8
Up to 10
See Note 1
Horizontol
Spacing
(Feet)
Up to 6
4x64x66x66x66x6
4
2 x 6
6x6 6x6 6x6 6x8 6x8
8 x 10 4
4
2 x 6
6x66x66x66x86x8 4 Ox1C 4 3x8
6x66x66x66x86x8 4 6x8 4 3x6
6x66x66x66x86x8 4 8x8 4 3xe
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 10 4 8 x 10 4 J x 6
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 88 x 10 4 ~O x 1el 4 3 x 6
See Note (1)
SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS *.
Cross Braces
Wales
Uprights
Width of Trench (Feet) ~~<.d
Up to up to up to Up to Up to
4 6 9 12 15 (Feet)
4x64x66x66x66x6 5
Size Vert.
jspocift4d
(In) (Feet)
6 x 8 5
Moximum allowable horizontal
s~..,
Close 2 3
2 x 6
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 8 6 x 8 5 8 x 10 5
2 x 6
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 8 6 x 8 5 10 x IC 5
2 x 6
6x66x66x66x86x8 5 8x8 5
2 x 6
6x86x86x88x88x8 5 Ox1( 5
2 x 6
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 10 5 '0 x 1~ 5
2 x 6
6 x 8 6 x 8 6 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 5 8 x 10 5 3 x 6
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 10 5 0 x I~ 5 J x 8
8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 0 x 1C 5 :2 x 1~ 5 3 x 6
See Note (1)
SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OF WEWBERS *.
Cross Broces
Wales
Uprights
Width of Trench (Feet)
Up to up to Up to Up to Up to
4 6 9 12 15
Vert. Size Vert.
Maximum aIIowoble horizontal
'1'::..~g
(In)
(Feet) (Feel)
5 fax 10 5
Close
2 x 6
Up to 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 10 5 0 x 12 5 2 x 6
6x8 6x8 6x8 8x8 8x8
See Note 1
Up to 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 0 x 1C 5 :2 x 12 5 2 x 6
Up to 6
Upt08
See Note 1
See Note 1
Up to 6
See Note 1
See Note 1
See Note 1
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 10
o x 12
5
5
2 x 6
8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 0 x 1C
b:2 x 12
5
5
2 x 6
8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 8 x 10 0 x 1C
:2 x 12
5
5
3 x 6
See Note (1)
WALER S"I"Sl'DIS FOR SOIl T'l'PE C
WAlES
.
HYORAUUC CYUNDERS
TIMBER UPRIGHTS
Vertical
Shoring
Width
01 Trench (Feet) Mox. Horiz. ~ing
(On Center)
Over B. OVer 1;/.
Up to 12 Up to 15 ShSOlieet'd 2 Ft. 3 R.
Horiz. ~ Horiz. Cylinder
s,oe. 010. s,oe. Oio..
2 In
6.0 Hale (2) 6.0 J in
2 in ,..
8.5 Note (2) 6~5 3 in J x 1... - -
Section
Modulus
Up to 8
Hodz. Cylindw
s,oe. Oio..
(Feet)
(In 3)
3.5
6.0 2 in
4
7.0
6.5 2 In
14.0
10.0 J in 10.0 3 In 10.0 3 in
3.5
4:i 2 in
5.' 3 in
2in
4.0 ..... (2) 4.0
5.5 3 in 5.5
J in 3 x 12 - -
3in
4
7.0
14.0
8' 3in 8.0 3in 8.0 3in
3.$
2 in
3.$ !NIle (2) 3.$
3ift
3.5
2in
4
7.0
5,0 3 in 5,0 J In 5.0 3 In 3 x 12 _ _
'.0 3" 1,0 3 1ft 6.0 3.
14.0
S.. Note (1)
.
. ,.
D.pth
of
Trench
(feet)
5
Up to
10
Soil Type A
Pa
10
Up to
15
==25xH+ 72 psf
(2 ft Surcharge)
15
Up to
20
Over 20
Depth
of
Trench
(feet)
Soil Type B
5
Up to
10
,
Pa==45xH+ 72 psf
(2 ft Surcharge)
10
Up to
15
15
Up'to
20
Over 20
Depth
of
Trench
(feet)
Soil Type C
5
Up to
10
..
Pa==80xH+ 72 psf
(2 ft Surcharge)
10
Up to
15
15
Up to
20
Over 20
ISSUE DATE
!-l3...03
PROJECT NO.
E072
DRAWN BY
CCS
CHECKED BY
..IPS
REVISION
l::i.
l::i.
l::i.
l::i.
l::i.
TIMBER
REQUIREMENTS
Douglos fir or equiv. w /bending strength not less thon 1500 psi
Horizontal
Spacing
(Feet)
Up to 6
Upt08
SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OFMEUBERS **
Cross Broces
Woles
Uprights
Width of Trench (Feet) Ic:~"
Up to up to Up to Up to Up to (In)
4 6 9 12 15 (Feet)
Vert.
Uoximum aIIowebIe homOl'ltol
tl'
a.se 4 5 6 8
4 X 6
(Feet)
Not
Req'd
Not
Req'd
4 X 8
4x44x44x44x44x6 4
Not
Req'd
Mot
Req'd
4x44x44x44x64x6 4
Up to 1 2
Up to 10 4 x 6 4 x 6 4 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 4 8 x 8 4
4x6 4x6 4x6 6x61x6
4 X 6
Up to 6
Upt08
Up to 10
Up to 12
Up to 6
Upt08
Up to 10
Up to 12
Horizontal
Spacing
(Feet)
Upt06
Upt08
Up to 10
See Note 1
Upt06
Upt08
Up to 10
See Note 1
Up to 6
Up to 8
Up to 10
See Note 1
Horizontal
Spocing
(Feet)
Up to 6
4 X 6
4
8 x 8 4
Not Not
Req'd Req'd
6 X 8 4
4x4 4x4 4x6 8.6 6x6
4
4 X 10
4x6 4x8 6x6 6x6 6x6
4
4 X 8
6x6 6x6 6x6 6x6 6x6
4
8 x 8 4
4 X 6
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 4 It X 1C 4
4 X 6
14 X 10
6x66x66x66x66x6 4 6x8 4 3x6
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 4 8 x 8 4 3 x 6 4 X 12
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 I X 8 4 ~ x 10 4 3 x 6
I x I 6 x 6 I x I 6 X 8 6 X 8 4 . X 12 4 3 x 614 x 12
See Note (1)
z
8
SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OF MEMBERS ..
W
I-
Cross Braces
Wales
Uprightlll
Vert. Size Vert.
~"'-:n<.d Ispocinl,l
Up4 to Up6 to UPg to U~2to ~5to (Feet) (In) (Feet) Close
4xl 4x6 4x6 6x6 6x6
Moximum ollowoble horizontal
~.c;ilg
23
iJ x 12
4 x 8
....
Q)
.....,
c::
Q)
(.)
en
en
Q)
c:
....
--
LL
-0
c:
ctS
-
Q)
--
C)
C)
<(
4
6
14 x 12
5
6 x 8
5
4x64x66x66x66x6 5 8x8 5
3 . 8
4 x 8
4 x 6 4 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 8 IS 18 x 10 5 4 x 8
6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 6 6 x 8 6 x 8 5 8 x 8 I) 3 x 6 14 x 10
6 x 8 6 x 8 6 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 5 0 x 1C 5 3 x 6 14 x 1el
6 x 8 6 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 5 0 x 1 5 3 x 6 4 x 1el
,
6 x 8' x 8 6 x 8 6 x 8 8 x 8 5 8 x 1(1 5 4 x 6
6x86x86x88x88x8 5 Ox1 5 4x6
8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 8 x 8 .8 x 8 5 2 x l' 5 4 x 6
See Note (1)
SIZE (ACTUAl) AND SPACING OF WEMBERS **
Cross Broces
Uprights
,.........
Wales
Width of Trench (Feet) Ict!.~~
Up to Up to Up to Up to Up to
4 6 9 12 15 (Feet)
6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 6 X 6 8 X 8 IS
Size Vert.
IsPoclnl,l
(In) (Feet)
8 X 8 5
Moximum allowable horizontal
SDOCing
IFllAtf
Close
3 X 6
Upt08 6X66X66X68X88X8 5 OX1C 5 3X6
,
en
.....
-
~
W
o
~
w
u..
<(
en
J:
o
Z
w
a:
I-
See Note 1
Up to 10 6 X 6 6 X 6 8 )( 8 8 )( 8 8 )( 8 5 0 X 1 5 3 X 6
Upt06
Up to 8
See Note 1
See Note 1
Upto6
See Note 1
See Note 1
See Note 1
6X86X86X88X88)(8
5
o X 1C
5
4 )( 6
~ X 8 8 X 8 8 X 8 8 )( 8 8 X 8
5
2 K 1
5
4 X 6
8 X 8 8 )( 8 8 X 88 )( 1Cla )( HI
o X l'
5
IS
4 X '6
See Note (1)
GENERAl NOTES FOR TIMBER
TRENCH SHORING TABlES:
(1) Wember sizes at spoces other than
indicated are to be determined os specifted in
II 1926.652(c), Design of Protective Systems:
(2) When condtions ore saturoted or
submerged, use Tight Sheeting, Tight Sheeting
refers to the use of specially-edged timber
plonkl!l (e.g., tongue and groove) at leost three
inches thick. steel sheet piling. or similiar
. construction that WMn driven or pfaced in
position provide 0 tkJht wall to resist the
lateral pressure of water and to prevent tbe
IoIllS of backfill material. Cloee refers
to the pfocement of planks
allowin9 os Ittle apope os between
thtln'l,
(3) All spocing Indicated is meowred center
to center,
(4) Wales to be instolled with ...ter
dimtMion.. hori;aontot.
,
},,,
(5) If the vertical distance from the center of
the lowest crossbroce to the bottom of the
trench exceeds two and one-holf feet.
uprights shaH be firmly embedded ar a
mudsiff sholl be used. Where uprights ore
embedded, the vertical distance from the
center of the lowest crossbroce to the bottom
of tbe trench sholl not exceed' 36 inches.
When mudsil" ore used. the vertical distence
shall not exceed 42 inches. Mudsiffs ere
wales that ore lA.oIIed at tM toe of tM
trench side.
(ct) Tf'8IICh jocU moy be UNd in lieu of or in
combinotIon w."th timber' c:rollSbroces.
(7) P10cement of crosSbroces. When the
vertical spacing of cros.braees is four feet.
place the top crossbroce no thort two
'. below the top of the t
~ of cro~ is five
top crossbroee no more thoA 2. feet
top of the trench.
.... ......
SHEET:
......-...
..
e to
S ~
u r:::
~ I
81...
~ilE
t~(/)~
5~t~
O~8~
C en
OctS
.- X
C/J
.- 0)
.~ I-
'"C -
.aC
::J.Q
en a;
~Ci5
Q)Q)
'-0)
00)
~=
o 0
:.:JO
o ~~
Z:f~~
-:.~~ ::
en <!l ~
W ~~
1-<( S2 ~
Cf) 3: ,.-....
-W3:m
00 f'--
o Q~ ~
en ffi~ ~
en !z .~u..
<( - W
-f-<X)N
<!l (f) f'-- f'--
-X Z f'-- N
'-U Z ~ X f'--
~ ~f- I
W~~tO
Z Q.. a..:z~
>- -00
<(~--J~m
:l <( f- f'--
a.. t- eJ (f) m
O:::E -..
....... ~ w@w
::E: m -J Z
. OO--JO
a: a: lOOI
< r- () a..
~. :'
\':, ~\
3-13- 0.3
f.
y
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to
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to