The URL can be used to link to this page

Home My WebLink AboutFlora and FaunaOutstanding Grasses for Texas Page 1 of1 Table 1. Outstanding Grasses fo r Texas. Plant Adaptation Map Region l -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches) 5 Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 -Central Texas (Austin, Waco, College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wichita Falls) Region 5 -Panhandle (Amarillo) Region 6 -West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) Note -Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. I Common name II Scientific name Best adapted Notes I fo r I Bermudagrass I ICynodon dactylon 7 Good drought tolerance; produces dense turf; I poor shade tolerance; seed or sod IBuITalograss 1 11 Buchloe dactyloides 3, 4, 5, 6 Excellent drought tolerance; produces thin turf; poor shade tolerance; seeded I Carpetgrass I IAxonopus affinis I Adapted to moist sites; tolerates partial shade; many seedheads; thin turf; seed lcentipedegrass I Eremochloa ophiuroides I Low maintenance; tolerates partial shade; I drought tolerant; seed or sod I lst. Augustinegrass I Stenotaphrum secundatum I, 2, 3, 4 Produces dense turf; good shade tolerance; poor drought tolerance; sodded jr.ll f=~ I '""'" oroml>~" Under irrigation, remains green year-round; 4, 5 good shade tolerance; poor drought tolerance; seeded jz,,,;,""" llZ,,y,;o 'PP Produces dense turf; good shade tolerance; good 7 drought tolerance; sodded; varieties: Meyer and Emerald 1 Texas native http:// aggie-horticul ture. tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table I .html 2/11/2010 Outstanding Vines and Groundcovers for Texas Page 1 of 2 Table 2. Outstanding Vines and Groundcovers for Texas. Plant Adaptation Map Region 1 -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston,, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches) 5 Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 -Central Texas (Austin, Waco, College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wi chita Falls) Region 5 -Panhandle (Amarillo) Region 6 -West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) Note -Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. Best I I Common name Scientific name adapted Expos ure2 Notes fo r Vines !Boston ivy ll Parthenocissus tricuspida1a II 7 II E ll0eciduous; fall color; clings to walls I DD Evergreen; many flower colors; plant Bougainvillea Bougainvillea sp. outdoors in extreme southern Texas only or provide winter protection icarolina jessamine llGe/semium sempervirens I, 2, 3, 4 E II Evergreen; yellow spring fl owers I !clematis llC!ematis sp. 5 Sh II Beautiful blooms; deciduous vine I I confederate jasmine I Trache/ospermum jasminoides I, 2, 3, 4 E I Evergreen; fragrant white spring flowers I coral honeysuckle 1 lll onicera sempervirens 7 s llcoral flower in summer I I coral vine llAntigonon leptopus I, 2, 3, 4, 6 s 11 Pink flowers in late summer and fall I !English ivy llHedera helix 7 Sh I Evergreen; green or variegated foliage; shade loving I IFig ivy II Ficus pumila (repens) I, 2, 3, 4 E II Evergreen; cl ings to walls I lrmproved trumpet vine I ilc amsis radicans 7 E llorange flowers in summer and fall I I Lady Banksia II Rosa banksia I, 2, 3, 4, 6 s II spring fl owers in yellow or white I !Mermaid rose II Rosa x bractaeta I, 2, 3, 4, 6 s I Fragrant, pale yellow flowers; vigorous climber; pest resistant I I Rosa x fortuniana llRosa xfor/uniana I, 2, 3, 4, 6 s I Fragrant, white flowers; vigorous climber; pest resistant lsilverlace vine llPolygonum aubertii 3, 4, 5, 6 E llFluffiy masses of white flowers I lvirginia creeper 1 I Parthenocissus quinquefolia 7 E llc1 in gs to walls; fall color I I wisteria 11 Wisteria sp. 7 E II Blue clusters of flowers in spring I nn Variety of color foliage and blue flowers; Goundcovers Ajuga reptans requires well drained soil http://aggie-horticulture .tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table2 .html 2/1 1/20 10 Outstanding Vines and Groundcovers for Texas Page 2 of2 IAjuga II I 11 I Asiatic jasmine llrrachelospermum asiaticum I, 2, 3, 4, 6 E Evergreen; green or variegated foliage I jconfederate jasmine 11 Trache/ospermwn jasminoides I I, 2, 3 E _Evergreen; fragrant, white spring flowers I English ivy llHedera heli.x 7 Sh Evergreen; green or variegated foliage ILiriope llLiriope muscari E Evergreen, grass-like foliage; purple 7 blooms; varieties: big blue, gigantic !Monkey grass I IOphiopogon japonic11S 7 E Evergreen, grass-like foliage; dwarf and standard varieties Prostrate rosemary llRosmarinus officinalis I 2 s I Grayish-green, fragrant foliage; light blue flowers lsantolina I ISamolina sp. 3, 4, 5, 6 s II species with green or silver foliage I I \Juniperus sp. II ' I Several varieties available; not suitable for Trailing juniper 3, 4, 5, 6 s wet, humid areas lvinca ll Vinca major II 7 Sh !!Blue flowers and dark green foliage I 1 Texas native 2 S =Sun; Sh= Full to partial shade; E =Either http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table2.html 2/11/2010 Outstanding Perennials for Texas Page 1 of 2 Table 3. Outstanding Perennials fo r Texas. Plant Adaptation Map Region l -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston,, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches) Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 -Central Texas {A ustin, Waco, College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wichita Falls) Region 5 -Panhandle (Amarillo) Region 6 -West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) Note -Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. Common name Scientific name Best adapted fo r Exposure2 Flower color Flowering I Hei ht I season g !Autumn sagel 2, 3, 4, 6 S I :~t~~red, pink, lspring to fall II 2-3 ft I ::======!:=:======::=:======:0ft Baby sun/sunray I Late spring, co reopsis 1 Coreopsis grandiflora 7 S Yellow, orange summer :======: I Bearded iris ll1ris xiphioides 7 E llMany lls pring :======::=======~ !Blue plumbag~ I P/11mbago auriculata I, 2, 3 E llBlue, white lls ummer, fall :======::=========::::! !Bouncing bet llSapinaria officinalis 7 E llPink llsummer :======::=========::::! !c igar plant I C11phea micropetala 1, 2, 3 E II Red/yellow llsummer, fall :======::=======~ ln aylily llHemerocallis sp. 7 S llMany llspring, summer :=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~====~:::=====::::: IFirebush llHameliapatens 1, 2, 3 S llReddish-orange lls ummer, fall :=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~=====::::=====::::: I I I Yellow, red, pink, I ~ Garden canna Canna x genera/is 7 E . salmon . Summer ~ :=======~~======~~========~~====~ ~=====::;:::::::=====: .1Goldsturm rudbeckia I Rudbeckia x goldsturm 7 S II Yellow lls ummer 2 ft :===========::======: :======~~===::::! Hinckley's columbine1 Aq11ilegia hinckleyana I 2, 3, 5 II Sh llYellow llspring :======~~===::::! l1ndian blanket 1 I lcaillardia sp. 11 7 11 S II Reddish-yellow llspring to fall :=======~ ~=======::;:::::::=====: ILantana1 lllantana sp. II I, 2, 3, 6 II S llMany llspnng to fall I :=======~ lrisfitlvaxlris DDEJEJD lgiganticaeru/ea x Iris 7 E Many Spring 3 ft l,fo/iosa :=======~ I I II II I Bl h.t Spring, summer, ~ Mealy cup sage1 Salviafarinacea 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 S pu~iew 1 e, fall ~ llSalvia greggii Louisiana iris 1-3 ft 3 ft 1-2 ft 3-4 ft 1-3 ft 3-5 ft 18 in 18 in 1-2 ft I Mexican oregano I Po/iomentha /ongiflora I 1, 2, 3, 6 II S llPink llsummer II 1-2 ft j !Mexican sage llSalvia /e11cantha II 2, 3 II S llBlue. · 11Spring to fall II 3-4 ft I c::-1 C""""~";d//o;o nn Yollow,o~go ;::~:;io& Fl http:// aggie-horticulture. tamu. edu/ extension/xeriscape/tab 1 e3 .html 2/11 /2010 Outstanding Perennials for Texas Page 2 of2 lzagreb coreopsis 1 II II II I IPavonia1 llPavonia /asiopetala l, 2, 3 E II Pink llspring to fall 3-4 ft I !Perennial verbena 1 11 Verbena sp. l, 2, 3, 4, 6 s II Many llspring to fall 6 in - l ft I 'Pink rain lily1 I Zephyranthes 7 E llPink II summer G grandiflora !Purple coneflower1 I Echinacea anguscifo/ia 7 s ·JlPurple tlspring to fall 18 in I I Rosemary I Rosmarinus officinalis I, 2, 3, 4, 6 E lls lue lls ummer, fall l-4 ft I Society garlic I lr ulbaghia violacea II 7 E II Lavender llspring to fall 18 in !sweet violet II Viola odorata II 7 Sh llPurple -llwinter, spring 6-8 in IWhite rain lily 1 I Zephyranthes candida I l, 2, 3, 4, 6 E llWhite II summer I ft Grasses DD Q Big bluestem 1 Andropogon gerardii Summer, fall !Fountain grass I Pennisetum ruppe/ii 7 s !s ummer II 3 ft I IMuhly grass 1 I Mueh/enbergia 2, 3, 4, 6 s /s ummer 10 lindheimeri !Pampas grass I lcorcaderia se/loana 7 s !summer, fall II 7 ft I I Purple autumn grass ll Miscanthus sinensis 7 s I summer II 3-4 ft I lsideoats gramma 1 I Bouteloua curtipendu/a 7 s I summer II 2-3 ft I 1Texas native 2 S =Sun; Sh= Full to partial shade; E =Either http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/ extension/xeriscape/table3 .html 211112010 Outstanding Shrubs for Texas Page 1of3 Table 4~ Outstanding Shrubs for Texas. Plant Adaptation Map Region I -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston,, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches) Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 -Central Texas (Austin, Waco, College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wichita Falls) Region 5 -Panhandle (Amarillo) Region 6 -West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) Note -Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. I Common name II Scientific name I Best : adapted for Exposure2 I Notes !Dwarf Shrubs (1 to 3 feet tall) IDwarfburford holly I flex cornuta rotunda burfordii I 7 E llGlossy evergreen foliage I Dwarf Chinese holly I IJ/ex cornuta rotunda II 7 E llGlossy evergreen foliage I Dwarf pittosporum I Pittosporum tobira wheeleri I I, 2, 3 E i lsmall, round evergreen IDwarfyaupon holly1 llnex vomitoria nana 7 E llGlossy evergreen foliage Nandina: harbour dwarf, gulf stream, I nana Nandina sp. 7 I E I Reddish evergreen foliage I I Red yucca1 I IHesperaloe parvifolia 7 II s llRed flowers on tall spikes I I Rosemary I Rosmarinus ojjicinalis I, 2, 3, 4, 6 II s I Fragrant bluish-green foliage; I blue flowers; herb !small Shrubs (3 to 5 feet tall) I I Barberry I Berberis thunbergii atropurpurea I I, 3, 4, 5, 6 II s I IRed evergreen foliage I Spirea cantoniensis DD Sprawling; fem-like; white Bridal wreath spirea spring blooms (S. reevesiana) IChioo rn~ I Rreo <h;M"';' BD Hardy; long-blooming; pest resistant; varieties: Old Blush (pink) and Cramoisi Superior (red) I Dwarf burford holly I ~lex cornuta rohmda burfordii I. 7 II E II Glossy evergreen foliage I I Dwarf palmetto 1 I !Sabal minor II I, 2, 3, 4, 6 II E I ITrunkless, bushy palm I DD Deciduous shrub; spring Flowering quince Chaenomeles japonica blooming (red, pink, white or orange) !Glossy abelia I IAbelia grandiflora II 7 II E I Bronze evergreen foliage and white flowers IGrayleaf cotoneaster llcotoneaster glaucophylla II I, 3, 4, 5, 6 II E I Sprawling evergreen shrub; http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table4.html 211112010 Outstanding Shrubs for Texas Page 2of3 II I dusty gray foliage I I Indian hawthome llRaphiolepis indica 7 E Spring flowering; blue berries in fall; evergreen !Japanese boxwood I IB1ccus japonica 7 E Evergreen foliage !Juniper I IJuniperus sp. I, 3, 4, 5, 6 s Tough, evergr~n shrub; many varieties available INandina compact I Nandina domestica compacta 7 E Reddish evergreen foliage and red fall berries ITffi <0re I ·~·-·'· BO Hardy; long-blooming; pest resistant; excellent varieties: Mrs. B.R. Cant (rose), Mrs. Dudley Cross (yellow) and Duchesse de Brandant (pink) jMedium Shrubs (6 to 9 feet tall) I IA..,;•' I Mohoo;o •ifoho• EJD Holly-like evergreen foliage; yellow spring flowers; red edible berries I Althea llHibiscus syriacas II 7 II s I Upright; deciduous; many colors; summer blooming I Burford holly llnex cornuta burfordii II 7 II E II Glossy evergreen foliage I GD Dusty gray evergreen foliage; blooms throughout summer; Central Texas sage 1 leucophyllwn sp. several new varieties: Green- cloud (green foliage) and other T AMU releases lc hinese horned holly I Ir/ex cornuta II 7 E I lo tossy evergreen foliage I IEleagnus I E/eagn11sfn1itlandi I 7 s I Evergreen with grayish-green foliage I Forsythia I Forsythia intermedia spectabilis I, 3, 4, 5, 6 E llYellow spring flowers I I Fraser photinia I IPhotinia x.fraseri 7 E llRed new foliage; evergreen I I Glossy abel ia I IAbelia grandiflora I, 3, 4, 5, 6 E I Bronze evergreen fo liage; white or pink flowers jo reen pittosporum llPillosporum tobira I, 2, 3, 4, 6 E llLarge evergreen shrub I llndian hawthome ll Raphiolepis indica 7 I E I Spring flowering; blue berries in fa ll; evergreen I Italian jasmine llJasminum hwni/e 7 s I Sprawling evergreen; yellow summer flowers !Juniper I IJunipems sp. I, 3, 4, 5, 6 s I Tough evergreen; many varieties INandina I INandina domestica 7 E I Reddish evergreen foliage; red fall berries IPomogram" I P=k• "'""'""" BD Large, upright shrub; orange blooms; edible fruit; dwarf variety: Chico !variegated pittosporum Pillosporwn tobira variegata 11 I, 2, 3, 4, 6 II E I Green/white variegated evergreen shrub !winter honeysuckle I lonicerafragrantissima I 7 II E I Fragrant. clusters of white flowers m wmter jLarge Shrubs ( 10 to 25 feet tall) I h~~rican holly1 Ill/ex opaca II I II s I Tree-form holly; evergreen foliage; red berries I II II II JI Evergreen for specimen and I http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape /table4.html 2111/2010 Outstanding Shrubs for Texas Page 3 of3 !Arizona cypress I lcupressus ari=onica I, 3, 4, 5, 6 s llwindbreak plantings I /califomia fan palm 11 Washingtonia filifera I, 2, 3 s llTree-like palm I /cherry laurel 1 llPnmus caroliniana !, 2, 3, 4, 6 E llTree-like evergreen shrub I !Chinese photinia I Photinia serrulata I, 3, 4, 5, 6 E I Evergreen; red spring foliage; white spring blooms I c,.,,, myrtl. I lngm~ml• '"""° DD Shrubby to tree-like; summer blooming; many flower colors available !Lilac I lsyringa vulgaris II 5 II s I Deciduous blooming shrub; adapted to alkaline soil !Mock orange I Philadelphus coronarius I I, 5 II s I Fragrant white blooms in late spring 101~"'" I""'""' .. , ... "'" BD Evergreen foliage; summer blooming; many colors available IP=="'•' II n .. "''"'"' IBD Deciduous holly; red to orange berries persist through early winter !··~"" ,i;~ I " ... ,,. ...... ,,.., .. ,, .. GD Gray foliage; yellow flowers; evergreen for windbreak plantings 1Texas mountain laurel 1 Sophora secundiflora 2,3,6 E I Tree-like evergreen shrub; I purple spring flowers !Texas palmetto1 ll.sabal texana I, 2, 3, 6 s I ITall, native Texas palm I IT~xas persimmon 1 ll Diospyros texana 2,3,6 s I Tree-like; light gray trunk; fruit edible by animals IVitex 11 Vitex agnus-castus 7 s I Tree-like; flowers blue or white; summer blooming !Washington hawthorn I Crataegus phaenopyrum 5 s I Maple-shaped leaves; white flower; red berries lwindmill palm 11 Trachycarpus fortunei I, 2, 3, 4, 6 s llTree-like; fibrous bark I IYaupon holly1 I lllex vomitoria 7 E I Upright evergreen, spineless holly; red to orange berries I Texas native 2 S =Sun; Sh= Full to partial shade; E =Either http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table4.html 2/11 /20 10 Outstanding trees for Texas Page 1 of 2 Table 5. Outstanding Trees for Texas. Plant Adaptation Map Region I -East Texas (Texarkana, Houston,, Tyler, Beaumont, Nacagdoches) Region 2 -South Texas (Corpus Christi, Brownsville, Laredo, Del Rio) Region 3 -Central Texas (A ustin, Waco, College Station, San Antonio) Region 4 -North Central Texas (Dallas, Ft. Worth, Denton, Wichita Falls) Region 5 -Panhandle (Amarillo) Region 6 -West Texas (El Paso, Lubbock, San Angelo, Midland, Abilene) Note -Plants with number 7 are adaptable to most areas of Texas. I Common name II Scientific name I Best I Notes I adapted fo r !small Trees (20 to 35 feet tall) I !American plum llPrunus americana II 5 I White blooms in spring; sour fruit good for I ·elly !Aristocrat pear II Pyros calleryana 'Aristocraf II I, 3, 4, 5, 6 llspring nowers; fall color I !Bradford pear llPyrus calleryana 'Bradford' II I, 3, 4, 5, 6 II Spring nowers; fall color I lcanaert redcedar 1 ll11miperus virginiana II 7 II Evergreen for specimen or windbreak I !Chinese pistache llPistacia chinensis 7 II spreading canopy; fall color I I crabapple llMallus sp. I, 3, 4, 5, 6 llspring nowering tree; many varieties I !Desert willow1 llChilopsis linearis 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 llSnapdragon-like nowers in summer; willow- like foliage IDogwood1 llcornusjlorida I I I I Graceful tree; large spring blooms of white and pink · I Eldarica pine llPinus e/darica 2,3,4,6 II Best pine for alkaline soils; Christmas tree- shaped IFan d'Arc osage orange llMaclura pomifera 'Fan d'Arc' 7 ll1mproved fruitless selection I IHoney mesquite1 llProsopis glandulosa 2,3,4,6 II Lacy spreading form I !Japanese black pine lk inus thzmbergii 7 llRounded small tree; adapted to alkaline soils !Japanese persimmon llDiospyros kaki I 7 II Edible showy fruit; glossy green foliage -1 !Mexican plum1 llPnmus mexicana 7 II Fragrant spring nowers; attractive trunk I INanking cheny llPrunus lomentosa 5 llTough, fruiting, shrubby tree I I Panicled golden raintree llKoelreuteria paniculata 3, 4, 5, 6 11 Showy no we rs and seed pods I IPink lady euonymus llEuonymus bungeanus 5 llAlkaline-tolerant; deciduous; light green foliage; showy seeds in fall 1Redbud1 llcercis sp II 7 llSpring blooming; excellent varieties: Oklahoma and Forest Pansy II 11 II I http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/extension/xeriscape/table5.html 2/11 /2010 Outstanding trees for Texas Page 2 of2 ls 1ash pine1 I IPinus elliottii I llEvergreen pine jsoapberry 1 llSapindus drummondii 7 llFall color .~ ITexas ebony1 I IPithecel/obium jlexicau/e 2 llAiry foliage and flowers jwi!d olive1 llcorida boissieri 2 II White flowers and bold fo liage !Large Trees (above 35 feet tall) !Austrian black pine lkinus nigra 5 llAdapted to wind and cold I Bald cypress 1 llTaxodium distichum I, 2, 3, 4, 6 llDeciduous conifer; fine textured foliage; fall I color. ls1ack walnut1 llJuglans nigra I, 5 11 Good tree but tends to be messy IB!ue spruce llPicea pungens 'Glauca' 5 llGrayish-blue needles lsur oak1 llQuercus macrocarpa 7 II Bold foliage; huge acorns lcedar elm1 11 Ulmus crassifolia 7 llupright growth habit; good street tree lchinquapin oak 1 llQuercus muhlenbergii I, 2, 3, 4, 6 II Round-topped tree; bold foliage lneodar ced~r llcedrus deodora 7 II Bluish-green conifer I !Hackberry 1 llCeltis occidenta/is 5 II Variety 'Shademaster' particularly recommended for area 5 IHoney locust llc/editsia triacanthos 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 I IThornless varieties available I Kentucky coffee tree I IGymnoc/adus dioica 5 II upright tree; fine textured foliage I Lace bark elm llU7mus parvifo/ia 7 llTextured bark; spreading shade tree ILive oak1 llQuercus virginiana I, 2, 3, 4, 6 II Evergreen shade tree ILoblolly pine1 ll Pinus taeda I II Evergreen pine I ~ecan1 llcarya illinoensis 7 llstate tree; edible nuts I I Ponderosa pine llPintis ponderosa 5 II Bushy, attractive tree I lshumard oak 1 llQuercus shumardii !, 2, 3, 4, 5 II Fall color I I southern magnolia 1 ''Magnolia grandijlora I II Bold evergreen tree; large white blooms throughout summer lsweetgum1 I ILiquidamber styracijlua I llupright growth habit; fall color I I Texas red oak 1 I IQuerczis texana II 7 II Fall color I lwateroak1 llQ11erc11s nigra II I II Holds foliage well into winter I 1 Texas native http:// aggie-horticul ture. tamu.edu/ extension/xeriscape/table5 .html 2/11 /2010 Back to the Basics: Grass Growth & How Grasses Respond to Def oliation1 Ronald E. Sosebee & Changgui Wan2 Dept. of Range, Wildlife, & Fisheries Management Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409 Rangelands in the U.S. are in better range condition than they have been •in a hundred years• (Box and Malecheck 1987). However, the impact of droughts throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, and most recently the drought of the 1990s and early 2000s, as well as improper grazing have severely impacted our forage resources. (Weather cycles and drought probably have a greater effect on vegetation changes with which we are familiar than overgrazing. Improper grazing exacerbates the problem, but does not cause the problem.) One of the most basic and fundamental principles that we as resource managers and livestock producers should understand is how grasses grow and how they respond to defoliation. We submit to you that if we plan our grazing management schemes for the benefit of the grasses, they will respond favorably to grazing (or OftY other form of defoliation), even during and following droughts. In the best interest of our forage resources, two premises that we want to mention at the outset are: 1) as resource managers, we must plan for a period of no grazing at a time when the plants can 1 Presented at the Ammal Meeting of the Texas Section -SRM. 2004; Kenville, Texas. 2 Phone: 806-742-2841; Fax: 806-742-2280; e-mail: ronsosebee@ttu.edu , changgui.wan@ttu.edu . I rejuvenate themselves, recruit tillers, and store energy necessary to support the subsequent year's growth and 2) that the proper amount of residual herbage must be left throughout the non-growing season. Emphasis in this paper is on the forage resource, the grass plant, not the grazing animal. However, we must plan grazing management schemes to accommodate the grazing animal, but not at the expense of the forage resource if we want the grasses to remain healthy and vigorous and if we want range condition (range health) to improve. Perhaps one of the most fundamental principles of grass morphology that we as resource mangers must understand is long-/short-shoot (Dahl and Hyder 19n, Dahl 1995) production (Figure 1). The --- Figure 1. Vegetative growth, short-shoots (two illustrations on the left), in sea oats (Unio/a paniculata) and reproductive growth, long-shoots (two illustrations on the right), in bitter panicum (Panicum amarum) (Dahl and Hyder 1977). 2 simplest relationship of grass morphology is that the short-shoots in herbaceous plants represent the vegetative stage of phenological development. And, the long-shoots represent the reproductive stage of phenological development. The basic physiology of grass production, as with all plants, follows the plant's phenological development. When perennial grasses are in the short-shoot stage and the internodes are compressed (Figure 2), they are in the vegetative stage. During the early portion of the annual ·------------- Leaf Sheath ·--------- Apical Meri stem Axillary Bud figure 2. Compressed internodes of the vegetative stage and tiller initiation in a grass plant (Briske 1991). growth cycle (regardless of whether the grass species is warm-or 3 cool-season), perennial grasses can be defoliated (grazed3, hayed, or mowed) rather intensively without permanent damage to the plant, as long as the apical meristem remains unharmed (Waller et al. 1985, Briske 1991, Briske and Richards 1995). However, as soon as the phenological development shifts from the short-shoot to the long- shoot stage, before anyone can visibly detect internode elongation, physiology of the plant shifts its energy allocation to the reproductive tissues that comprise the long-shoot stage. Early reports and conventional wisdom, or intuition, indicate that intensive use of perennial grasses soon after •green-up" is detrimental to the plant's health and vigor. However, the concept of Intensive- Early Stocking (IES) developed by Owensby (19n) in Kansas challenges reduced grazing immediately after •green-up". Upon further examination of early reports by McCarty and Price (1942) from which our long-held tradition emanates, one finds that their data also support protection from grazing later in the growing season. During the past 4 or 5 decades, we have largely drifted away from the basics of grass morphology in planning grazing management schemes. Some of the earlier literature that addresses grass morphology dates back to Branson (1953) and Rechenthin (1956). Shortly thereafter, Dr. Don Hyder's research group in USDA-ARS, including Dr. David Briske with whom I am delighted to share the podium at this annual meeting, emphasized grass morphology and grazing management 3 All grazing in this presentation refers to proper grazing unless otherwise noted. 4 research. Also included in that group was Dr. Bill Dahl who was our colleague and mentor. Dr. Hyder's group reported on the importance of grass morphology in relation to the various environmental conditions, including defoliation. If we may refer yet one more time to Pitelka's (19n) research (Table 1), we shall take the liberty to extrapolate his results from three species of Lupines to include energy allocation within grasses as well. Table 1. Energy allocation of lupinus_species by growth habit. (Adapted from Pitelka 19n). Lannus L variicolor L arboreus (Annual) (Perennial (Shrub) herb) Reproductive Tissues 61 18 20 Seeds 29 5 6 Stems 50 Roots 3-4 40 We note from the energy allocations in the annual cycles of each of the characteristic growth habits that the reproductive process demands a significant amount of energy; not seed production, but, the reproductive tissues of the flowering process. One of the myths with which we labor in range management is the value of seed production in climax or late-seral perennial plants. With the exception of grasslands that occur in geographic regions with PE ratios >1.0 (which only includes the Tallgrass or True Prairie and s excludes all other grasslands in the U.S.), climax, K-selected, or late- seral grasses rely primarily on asexual rather than sexual reproduction. Certainly, perennial grasses must produce seed sometime, but not annually. By definition, the nearer a species is to being a r-selected species, the more the individual plants depend upon seed production for survival from one year to the next. After •green-up•, perennial grasses usually produce a number of •basa1• leaves when the plants are in the short-shoot or vegetative stage. As long as these grasses are not grazed below the apical meristem or the primary growing point (Figure 2), these grasses are not substantially damaged. Although these grasses reportedly use 75% of their stored energy to produce 10% of the new year's growth (McCarty and Price 1942), they have enough photosynthetic tissue to replenish the energy that is lost through grazing, or some other form of defoliation (Nofal et al. 2004). As soon as the internodes begin to elongate in perennial grasses, however, the plants shift from the short-shoot to the long-shoot stage, and the physiology of the plants change just as dramatically and quickly. The photosynthetic activity no longer supports vegetative production (basal leaves), but rather the energy is allocated to the reproductive process. During the reproductive stage, the •00sa1• leaves senesce and only a few flowering culms and their leaves remain viable and continue to grow. Grazing during this period can be detrimental to perennial grasses, but not necessarily ·life 6 threatening•. Certainly, if environmental conditions are conducive for seed production (i.e., a wet year), grazing during the reproductive stage can severely limit the amount of seed produced. The period following the reproductive stage is one of the most (McCarty and Price 1942), if not the most (Sosebee et al. 2004, Sosebee and Wan 2004), critical in the annual cycle of perennial grasses. It is during the period between the reproduction stage and dormancy or quiescence4 that perennial grasses recruit tillers and store energy in their stem bases. As a general rule, perennial grasses again become vegetative after reproduction and produce short-shoots and more basal leaves. It is the energy produced by these basal leaves that stores energy for the new tillers. Therefore, it is the period between post-reproduction to dormancy during which perennial grasses periodically must be protected from grazing, or any other form of defoliation, to insure their long-term viability and survival. Likewise, planned grazing management during dormancy or quiescence is equally as important as protection from grazing during the post- reproductive to dormancy period (Bill Dahl, personal communication). To the inattentive listener or the non-astute hearer, the concept of planned grazing during dormancy makes little sense. However, we have known for many years that some minimum amount of residual herbage must be left throughout dormancy. (Just because the grasses are not .. Dormancy is the phonological stage in which the plant will not respond or seed will not germinate even if the environmental conditions are appropriate. Quiescence, on the other hand, is a resting stage in which the plants will respond and seeds will germinate if the enviroomental conditions become conducive. 7 actively growing does not mean that they can tolerate excessive defoliation.) Bement (1971) noted that 300 lb/ac of residual herbage must be left at the end of the growing season for blue grama to be productive during the subsequent growing season. White (1999) reported minimum amounts of residual herbage that should be left throughout dormancy to maintain vigor and productivity of short-, mid-, and tall-grasses (Table 2). Table 2. Resid~I herbage that should be left throughout the dormancy period for vigorous and healthy grasses (White 1995). Residual Herbage (lb/ac) Shortgrasses 300-500 Midgrasses 750-1,000 Tallgrasses 1,200-1,500 Over the years, we have attributed the importance of residual herbage during the dormant period to a number of reasons, not the least of which is to provide insulation against freezing temperatures during the winter. Protection from freezing temperatures is important, but this reason does not address the importance of having residual herbage during dormancy in south Texas (or anywhere else in the South or Southeast) where the temperatures often do not drop 8 below the freezing mark. Seemingly, the value of residual herbage that is of paramount importance is that it is the basal crowns and stem bases in which tillers are rem..ited and energy is stored for tiller growth during subsequent growing seasons. So, what are the implications of grass growth in grazing management, haying, or mowing highway rights-of-way? Grazing management •systems• and schemes that are not planned around the principles of grass growth that allows grasses to respond to defoliation are doomed to fail from the perspective of the health and vigor of desirable perennial grasses. Some of our grazing management systems have been successful, from the plant's perspective, for reasons other than those to which we have attributed their success. The deferred- rotation system that was first reported by Sampson (1913) and later modified by Hormay and Evanko (1958) has been successful in improving the health and vigor of the perennial bunchgrasses in the Intermountain and Pacific Northwest Regions, and consequently, improving range condition in those areas. But, range improvement was not necessarily the result of •no grazing• that was designed to allow for seed production. During most years only few viable seeds are produced in climax and late-seral grasses in arid and semi-arid rangelands. Also, environmental conditions for seed germination are not commonly conducive in arid and semi-arid areas during most years. Yet, range conditions continue to improve under the deferred-rotation system presumably because the perennial grasses are protected from grazing or defoliation during the post-reproduction to the dormancy 9 stage for 1-2 years consecutively. And, the basal crowns and stem bases are left as part of the residual herbage from which new tillers can be recruited and supplied with sufficient energy for growth during the subsequent growing season. The 3-herd/4-pasture rotation system (commonly known as the Merrill System) is very successful at improving the health and vigor of desirable perennial grasses and, at the same time, improving range condition. Every pasture in the System is protected from grazing during the post-reproduction to dormant stage 1 year out of every 4 years (Merrill 1954). As resource managers, resource ecologists, and livestock owners, we should plan grazing management schemes around the health and vigor of our desired perennial grasses. Any •system" will be successful from the viewpoint of grass management if it is planned for the benefit of the grasses, not necessarily for the convenience of the manager or the operator. Grass response and range •recovery" can be quite rapid once a scheme is put into place that benefits the desired perennial grasses, even following a drought. In addition to properly defoliating the grasses, the other caveat that determines the rate of response is ·rainfall". If perennial grasses are protected from grazing periodically from post-reproduction to dormancy and if the proper amount of residual herbage is left throughout dormancy, and the amount of annual precipitation is average, or greater, grass response will often occur within 1 year. Biomass production and 10 ground cover will also significantly increase within the first year, and range condition will improve over time. Additional benefits derived from protecting peretinial grasses from grazing at the appropriate time and increasing ground cover includes increased infiltration and decreased annual weed problems. When all things are considered, one cannot afford to not provide for a period of •no grazing• of their perennial grasses during the post- reproduction to dormancy period. If we take care of our forage resource, our range will take care of us. References Box, T.W. and J.C. Malecheck. 1987. Grazing on the American Rangelands. Western Section, American Society of Animal Science, Proc. 38:107-118. Bement, R.E. 1971. Management of blue grama ranges, p. 1. In, Ninth Ranch Management Conf., Proc. ICASALS Contribution No. 101. Texas Tech University. Branson, F.A. 1953. Two factors affecting resistance of grass to grazing. J. Range Manage. 6:165-171. Briske, D.D. 1991. Development morphology and physiology of grasses, p. 85-108. In, R.k. Heitschmidt and J .W. Stuth (eds), Grazing Monangement. Portland, OR. 11 Briske, D.D. and J .H. Richards. 1995. Plant responses to defoliation: a physiological, morphological, and demographic evaluation, p. 635-710. In, D.J. Bedunah and R.E. Sosebee (eds.), Wild/and Plants: Physiological Ecology and developmental Morphology. Soc. for Range Management. Denver, CO. Dahl, B.E. 199!5. Developmental morphology of plants, p. 22-58. In, D.J. Bedunah and R.E. Sosebee (eds.), Wild/and Plants: Physiological Ecology and Developmental Morphology. Soc. for Range Management. Denver, CO. Dahl, B.E. and D.N. Hyder. 19n. Developmental morphology and management implications, p. 257-290. In, R.E. Sosebee (ed.), Rangeland Plant Physiology. Portland, OR. Hormay, A.C. and A.B. Evanko. 1958. Rest-rotation grazing: a management system for bunchgrass ranges. U.S.D.A. For. and Range Exp. Misc. Pub. 27. McCarty, E.C. and R. Price. 1942. Growth and carbohydrate content of important mountain forage plants in central Utah as affected by clipping and grazing. U.S.D.A. Tech. Bull. 818. 50 p. Merrill, L.B. 1954. A variation of deferred rotation grazing for use under southwest range condition. J. Range Manage. 7:152-154. Nofal, H.R., R.E. Sosebee, C. Wan, J. Borrelli, R. Zartman, and C. MeKenney. 2004 (In PresS). Mowing highway rights-of-way effects on carbohydrates and tiller density in selected grasses. J. Range Manage. Owensby, C.E., E.F. Smith, and J.R. Rains. 19n. Carbohydrates and nitrogen reserve cycle for continuous, season-long, and intensive-early stocked 12 Flint Hill bluestem ranges. J. Range Manage. 30:258-260. Pitelka, LF. 19n. Energy allocation in annual and perennial lupines (LupinU$. Leguminosae). Ecology 58:1055-1065. Rechenthin, C.A. 1956. Elementary morphology of grass growth and it affects utilization. J. Range Manage. 9: 167-170. Sampson, A.W. 1913. Range Improvement by deferred and rotation grazing. U.S.D.A. Bull. 34:1-16. Sosebee, R.E. and C. Wan. 2004 (In Press). Plant ecophysiology: selected applications to range management. In, Progress in Grassland Scienc& Sosebee, R.E., D.B. Wester, J.C. Villalobos, C.M. Britton, C. Wan, and H. Nofal. 2004 (In Press). How grasses grow -how plant growth relates to grazing management. 2nd Nat'I Conference on Grazing Lands, Proc. Nashville, TN. Waller, S.S., L.E. Moser, and P.E. Reece. 1985. Understanding grass growth: the key to profitable livestock production. Trabon Printing Co., Inc. Kansas Ctiy, MO. 20 p. White, L.D. 1999. Do you have enough forage? Texas Ag. Ext. Ser. Leaflet L-5141. College Station, TX. 4 p. 13 • rage l or L ~EDUCATION '~jJ Texas: The State of Nature Introd1!!<.tio11 Environmcnl{ll PreS§fil~ Loss of B.abitfil Introduction Texas is one of the most ecologically diverse states in the nation. Rugged desert mountains along the south and west ... Sandy beaches embracing the Gulf of Mexico ... Rolling grasslands and prairies in the north giving way to rich eastern pine forests ... Limestone boulder, live oaks and bluebonnets gracing the Central Texas hill country ... Rugged sagebrush and mesquite country of western movie fame ... Blacldand prairies ... Eighty thousand miles of rivers and streams ... And the wildlife! With over 5,000 native vascular plants, 1,200 native vertebrates, and 90 terrestrial natural communities, Texas boasts one of the richest faunas and floras in the nation. Many Texas plants and animals are found nowhere else in the world. Environmental Pressures Texas is also facing increasing pressures on natural resources, particularly population growth and urbaniz.ation. These pressures will result in more pronounced exploitation of plant, fish and wildlife resources; further loss and fragmentation of habitat; and decline in the quality of remaining habitat. Water development projects and increased domestic, agricultural and industrial water use will reduce habitat quality and quantity, resulting in altered ecosystems, eftluent dominated streamflows that threaten aquatic life, and loss of associated wetlands and bottomland hardwoods. Urbaniz.ation and agricultural development will also threaten Texas' species and critical habitats. For example, some types of brushlands and prairies, which provide essential habitats for numerous species, have already been virtually eliminated. Loss offish and wildlife habitat represents Texas Parks and Wildlife's greatest environmental concern and guides our resource management, educational, and private landowner assistance programs. Loss of Fish and Wildlife Habitat I Rivers and Streams I Habitat II Status II Future Eighty thousand miles of rivers Texas, which had only one natural lake, Caddo, now has over Continued water development, and streams in Texas support 190 reservoirs that provide important recreational and fisheries diversions and flood control unique and valuable aquatic benefits. However, 30% of Texas native fish are endangered or will increasingly impact this communities, reservoirs, and extinct primarily because of that development. Native species are habitat. Pollution from provide freshwater inflows, also endangered due to changes in their habitat resulting from wastewater, non-point sources nutrients and sediments to the introduction of non-indigenous species. Changes in annual and spills are ongoing threats. estuaries. flooding patterns and interrupted flow impact both riverine and estuarine ecosystems. I I http://www. tpwd. state. tx. us/edu/texas/env95 .htm 07117/2001 I Springs and Spring Runs I I Habitat II Status II Future I Due to their unique characteristics A significant number of Texas springs have gone dry from Increasing pressures on (constant temperature, clear water and man's activities Overpumping of groundwater for irrigation groundwater and aquifers in some cases isolation from and human use has led to lowering of groundwater tables and will continue to impact connecting watercourses), these decreased or ceased spring discharge (the Edward1s aquifer is existing springs affecting habitats are natural settings for many one example). Texas historically had 281 major springs. By associated flora and fauna. rare and unusual species. I 973 only 2 of 4 very large and 17 of 31 large springs were still flowing. I Bottomland Hardwoods I I Habitat II Status II Future I Texas' most diverse terrestrial habitat is Over 60% has been lost to agricultural Additional water development, new bottomland hardwoods. An estimated 16 conversion, timber production, urban I technologies in the use of hardwood pulp, million acres of riparian (river I stream industrial development, and reservoir and forestry practices threaten this habitat, associated) t habitat existed in early Texas. construction. especially in East Texas. I Coastal Wetlands I I Habitat II Status II Future I The most important estuarine habitat since Some 53% of al 1 United States wetlands have been lost to Coastal development, 90% of commercially and recreationally dredge and fill for development, subsidence, and agricultural loss of freshwater important species depend on these conversion. Texas has lost over 50% of its original 1.2 inflows, and sea level wetlands. One-third of all endangered million acres. Thirty-five percent (35%) oflosses has rise threaten remaining species occur here, and millions of occurred since 1950. Almost half of Texas estuarine areas are wetlands. waterfowl overwinter in this habitat. closed, or conditionally closed, to shellfish harvest because of pollution. I Texas Prairie I I Habitat II Status II Future I Over 20 million acres of tallgrass Of the 12.6 million acres ofBlackland Prairie fewer than Continued losses to this habitat communities once covered the Texas 100,000 acres (less than 1%) of native sod exist today. A are expected. Restoration, Blackland Prairie, the Fort Worth million acres of Coastal Prairie has been urbanized by cooperative actions and private Prairie, the Fayette Prairie, and the Houston. Endangered species like the Attwater's prairie landowners will be key to saving Coastal Prairie. chicken are on the edge of extinction because of such these prairie habitats. losses. Related Sites Please send comments~= or questions to: Mli?W-WL;l!&·~¥114.1411$11 4200 SMITH SCHOOL RO. AUSTIN, TX 78744· or click on the address to send an E-mail message. Last Revision: September 21, 1996 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/edu/texas/env95.htm 07117/2001 e Prairies and Lakes Region ~EXPLORING TEXAS ')iJ Features of the Prairies and Lakes Region Topography and Major Cities I Rainfall I Ekrntion I ommon Rare II ommon & Rare I Characteristics \:'egctation iJilljfj• Size: Albany-25.53 in/ 1,429 ft ,._ft l'lalns pocket gopher alack lllokOfY aeaver alack walnut l'IHOOft OakWoodsand Prairies:19,500 sq mi. Brownwood-29.69 in / 1,342 ft SyoamoN l'orauplH aurroek Tens lulngaroo ral Ealltltm cottDnwoocl Hlsplcl oottDn m £l]ackland Prairies· 25,500 sq mi. Bumet-32.02 in/1,319 ft l'oetoak Ornata box turlla l'erslmmon G-1 .... vlnged taal Carrollton-34.20 in I 470 ft Wax myrlla Bollwll"9 quail Av. l'lainfall~~o in./yr Buckeye 1'1141-slloulderld hawk Mexican plum Sclssoltllll flycatcher Comanche-36.33 In/ 1,358 ft Sugarberry Wll "9-talled dMr Charac:blristlcs: G-nash arazlllan hftlll bll l'led oek l'llngtiill Cresson-31.64 in/ 1,047 ft l'lameleaf sumac NlnHlanded am11dlllo The Oak Woods and Prairies region Is a transitional G-n haWlllorne Texas horned lizard area for many plants and animals, whose ranges extend alackoherfY Eastllrn hognose snake northward into the Great Plains or eastward into the Gatesville-32.88 in I 795 ft American elderberfY Tarantula forests. This region, sometimes called the Cross-Bald cypress Golden chMked warbler Timbers, was named by early settlers, who found belts Bullion bush Black-capped vireo of oak forest crossing strips of prairie grassland. Glen Rose 33.12 In I 680 ft Norlhem mockingbird Guadalupe bass Average annual rainfall averages 28-40 inches per year. Rar~Plants and Habitat May or June usually brings a peak in monthly rainfall. Marlin-36. 75 in / 383 ft !,tNM'nlteld H!l!I ftrllel .. ; Upland soils are light c:olored, acidic sandy loam or Openings within oak woodlands on deep sands Rare Animals and Habitat ~ sands. BOl!lomlllnd soils maybe light brown to dark g!WY' Mexia-40.33 in/ 534 ft ...... "*'= and acidic with textures ranging from sandy loams to Pine/oak woodland or savannah on deep, sandy clays. The landscape of the region Is gently rolling to Nal!'notll l!!!lleHrnm; soils hilly and elevations range from 300 to 800 feet above Mineola-36.85 in/ 414 ft Openings and-drainages in post oak woodlands sea level. Mineral Wells-32.15 In/ 925 ft Tall grass prairie plant community has become rare In the Blacklands The region can be described as oak savannah, where Prairie patches of oak woodland are interspersed with grassland. Cattle ranching the major agricultural industry Seguin-21.52 in/ 520 ft in the Oak Woods and Prairies. Introduced grasses such as bermudagrass are grazed along with forage crops and native grasslands. The Blackland Prairies region is named for the deep, fertile black soils that characterize the area. Blackland Prairie soils once supported a tallgrass prairie dominated by tall-growing grasses such as big bluestem, little bluestem, indiangrass, and switchgrass. Because of the fertile soils, much of the original prairie has been plowed to produce food and forage crops. The average annual rainfall ranges from 28-40 inches. May is the peak rainfall monttl for the northern end of the region; however, the south-central part has a fairly http://www. tpwd. state. tx. us/expltx/p&l/p&lchart.htm 11/22/2000 e Prairies and Lakes Region .... ® ...... ; ..... oo .~ .. 00· •. ..... I '""'"''· ~;" .. ""'~'' .. ...,.,., ""'""' ,.,., often referred to as "black gumbo", interspersed with some gray acidic sandy loams. The landscape is gently rolling to nearly level, and elevations range from 300 to 800 feet above sea level. Crop production and cattle ranching are the primary agricultural industries. Panhandle Plains II II For more information about the Prairies and Lakes Other Texas Region Charts: Prairies and Lakes Pine :voods Hill Country Gulf Coast Big Bend Cowitry 4200 SMITH SCHOOL RD. AUSTIN, TX 78744 or click on the address to send an E-mail message. Last Revision Date: January 28, 1~ast Revision: April 05, 1999 http://www. tpwd. state. tx. us/expltx/p&l/p&lchart.htm e2 of2 l l/22/2000 A TRIP TO AN EAST TEXAS SANDSTONE OUTCROP A Production of the Herbarium, Department of Biology, Texas A&M University (TAMU) We were a National Academy Press Coolest Science Site! Script by Moni ue Reed Photographs by J. R. Manhart and ~:-I?.,,"\Y~lS<:)!l: .......................... . Usage of these materials for other than educational purposes requires the written permission of the authors. _We are sorry not to hav.e images of every plant---we will fill in the holes as soon as they become available. Meanwhile, you can look at other images in our Vascular Plant Image Galle!}'. INTRODUCTION The vegetation of East Central Texas belongs to the associations known as ost Oak Savannah and Blackland Prairi.e. These two regimes sweep across the region in alternating bands, with savannah predominating on sandy soiJ and the prniries well-developed on more clayey soils. However, tucked within the savannah-prairie matrix are little pockets of a very different sort offlora--"islands" in a sea of sameness. Bogs, where they occur, support an astonishing array of different species (take a look at our JriP..!9.F.IY.D.!l. .. e.Qg§). Outcrops of bedrock, too, have floras all their own, and it is for one of these that today's expedition is bound. Northeast of the town of Navasota in Grimes County lies a small but fascinating sandstone outcrop. This particular hill represents the nortb...easternmos extent of the Oakville formation, a ridge of limey sandstone which runs southwest all the way to Duvall county. For most of its length, the Oakville formation is covered with other layers of rock and soil. Where the sandstone breaks the surface, though, a rich and unusual flora has developed. Many plants found here are more typical of the Edwards Plateau region of Texas, hundreds of miles to the west. One plant, only recently discovered, appears to grow ere and nowhere else in.the world. • ....... --.. --. J Table of Contents • CHAPTER !... ... Around the Base of the Outcrop • CHAPTER llA ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrou • CHAPTER llB ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop (cont'd) • CHAPTER lfC. .... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop (cont'd) • CHAPTER [!D ..... Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcro11 (cont'd) • CHAPTER III....Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Si.des of the Outcrop • CHAPTER fV A .... The View from the Top • CHAPTER IVB .... The View from the ToP.._(cont'q) .............. , Species List FQLOutcro11 http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROPINTRO.HTML 11 /20/2000 J Return to either the Botan 301 or the Navasota Flora homepage c-·----------------········----- --·----.................................... _......... ... ......................... --.... , Please send us your comments, suggestions, and correctiQns http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROPTNTRO.HTML 11/20/2000 --o-..... ~ . ...... ·-·1 Chapter I. Around the Base of the Outcrop The flora around the base of the outcrop is quite similar to that of the surrounding countryside. Still, these common plants are worth a look, if only to provide a contrast for the more unusual plants of the sides and top. Spring is the most colorful time in East Central Texas, and the outcrop proves to be no exception. Large patches of wildflowers sweep up to the foot of the hill. E11gelma1111ia pi111iatifida (Engelmann Daisy) is the tall, bright-yellow flowered plant that lines the backroads of Grimes County in the spring. Once learned, this is a plant one can recognize at a glance even while driving. (Such plants are known as "sixty-mile-an-hour-plants.") Cornsalad (Valeria11ella radiata) is a little more subtle. Its tiny white flowers are best appreciated up close. (This is known as "belly botany.") Comsalad is edible, though the plants taste best before they flower. Be sure not to eat the Crow Poison (Notlwscordum bivalve). It has pretty white flowers and grows from a bulb that looks like a little onion. They're poisonous. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11/20/2000 If you want to eat wi ld onions, be sure to choose the real Wild Onion, Allium drummo11dii (or A. ca11ade11se). The flowers of Wild Onion are usually tinged with pink, as below, and the foliage and bulbs smell strongly of onion or garlic. Crow Poison lacks the smell that says, "safe to eat." Two members of the Crowfoot Family that put in an appearance each spring are Windflowers (A11emo11e spp.) and Buttercups (Rammculus spp.) "'I ' I ·.:.1··r ~N·."::_--:- 1 '\ Windflowers lack a corolla but have a showy lavender and white calyx. All of the local Buttercups are yellow and produce clusters of achenes when they mature. Cherokee Sedge (Carex c/1erokee11sis) isn't as showy as some of the other spring-flowering plants, but it has some interesting details. There are separate male and female flowers, with http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11 /20/2000 the ovary of each female flower wrapped in a sack-like structure called a perigynium. Care.x is one of the largest genera of flowering plants. Most of the 1,000+ species prefer wet habitats, so you won't see too many around the outcrop. C. cherokeensis is one of the species that can tolerate drier conditions. Summer brings a different palette to the roadside near the outcrop. Herbaceous Mimosa (Mimosa strigillosa) has bright pink porn-porns that are clusters of many little flowers. The calyx and corolla of each flower are quite reduced--the showy parts are the long stamens. Jn the local area, this plant sometimes goes by the nickname "Seuss-flower", presumably because the flower clusters look like something the famous children's author would have drawn. The show at the foot of the outcrop doesn't stop in the fall. In fact, some of the season's showiest flowers wait until the days grow shorter to make their debut. Ruellia (Ruellia sp.) has brilliant amethyst flowers that look a little like Petunias. Enjoy these flowers where they stand--the corollas tend to fall off as soon as the plant is picked. Spira11tltes cernua (l'llodding or Common Ladies' Tresses) is the most common local orchid. The small creamy flowers make several loose spirals around the stalk. The leaves are absent at flowering time; they appear in the spring, manufacture food, and then wither away before the heat of the summer. S. cernua is very similar to S,_Jlar/f,~iL(~JD:'1!~9.tL_lL~l~ rn~~I,!~ .· hat species is listea as endangered. It grows only in scattered openings in Post Oak woods, usually along the-drainages of seasonal creeks and streams. We won't see that species on this trip! http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11/20/2000 Perhaps the showiest plant on the fall roadside is Prairie Agalinis (Agali11is lteteropltylla). Nothing else is quite the same shade of pinkish-lavender as Agalinis. This species is quite common in East Central Texas. It has, however, an extremely rare relative that we will meet as we ascend the outcrop. CHAPTER 11... .. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcro12. . .... , http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP I .HTML 11/20/2000 .......... ~) Chapter IIA. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop The outcrop rises right up out of the surrounding countryside. It has fairly steep sides and tops out about seventy feet above the road below. Most of its face gets the hot afternoon sun, and the alkaline soil is very thin, so the plants that grow here are real survivors. In many spots, the sandstone has no soil cover at all--and yet we see plants there as well. In early spring, the foot of the outcrop is beautifully clothed in blue, yellow, and white. The bright blue belongs to Lupi1111s subcamosus, the Sandylands Bluebonnet. This species prefers sandy soils. The more-familiar white-tipped L. texe11sis (Texas Bluebonnet) is more often found on clay soils. Both share the honor of being the State Flower of Texas. Lupi1111s subcamosus has more inflated "wings" (the lateral petals) than l. texe11sis and in the latter the immature terrninal flowers of the inflorescence are more white. Spiderwort (Tradesca11tia hirsutijlora, etc.), while not as plentiful as the bluebonnets, is a very striking blue and beautiful in its own right. With the right film, it photographs splendidly. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A.HTML 11 /20/2000 Much of the striking chrome yellow is due to thousands of little Densetlower Bladderpod (Lesquerella de11siflora) plants. Each bears dozens of cross-shaped blossoms which will produce round green fruits. The fruits have two valves which fall off at maturity, leaving the replum, a central partition to which the seeds are attached. A second species ofBladderpod, L. gracilis, also grows on the outcrop. This plant is much more typical of the Edwards Plateau region of Texas. This Grimes Co. population is believed to represent the easternmost extent of its range. Halfshrub Sundrops (Calylopltus berla11dieri) also has bright yellow flowers. The blossoms last only a day, but here always seem to be plenty. These plants have very narrow, finely toothed leaves and are quite inconspicuous when not in flower. Parks Nailwort (Paro11yc/1ia virgillica) has yellow flowers too, but they are not very showy. The plants are small, with narrow, almost needle-like leaves. (Image not yet available.) A little later on, Berlandier's Flax (Li11um berla11dieri) adds its golden yellow to the palette. The orange-eyed blossoms are nice to look at but drop their petals almost the moment they are picked. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A.HTML 11/20/2000 Several plants contribute white to the landscape in early spring. None of them has very large flowers, but sheer numbers make a beautiful display. Pitcher Sandwort (Are11aria patula, (image not yet available) is very uncommon in the area, except in sandy, rocky places like this. Its star-shaped flowers closely resemble those of the Drummond Sandwort (A. drummo11dii) but are noticeably smaller. Drummond sandwort is exceedingly common on sandy soils in East Texas in the spring. Least Daisy (C/iaetopappa asteroides) is quite common on the outcrop. Its common name is well-deserved--the flowers look like miniature daisies and the plant as a whole is very humble in stature. The ray florets tend to curl under as the flowers age. (Chaetopappa is the very small daisy-like flower in this image.) Virginia Peppergrass (Lepidium virgi11icum), though not abundant, adds to the white on the outcrop. A member of the Mustard Family, its golden seeds can be used as a peppery spice in soups, salads, stews, and so on. As we climb the side, more interesting plants come into view. Several of them are members of the sunflower family, the Asteraceae. Manystem Evax or Rabbit-Tobacco (Eva.x vema) is a small, silvery-gray plant that likes full sun and well-drained sandy soil. Its flowers are almost totally obscured by the dense hair that covers much of the plant. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A.HTML I 1/20/2000 The foliage of Flattop Wooly-White or Old Plainsman (Hymenopappus scabiosaeus) is also covered with whitish hairs, but its flowers are much easier to see. They can be white or pale pink and are all of the disk floret type. The phyllaries or bracts subtending the head have broad, petal-like margins which make the inflorescence even showier. .................... , http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2A.HTML 11 /20/2000 ........ _. ___ .,_ ........ -............................ ---·-.. -) Chapter IIB. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop .. ........ .......... ... ... ................... , Barbara's Buttons (Marshallia caespitosa) is another plant with dense heads of disk florets. Each head is borne singly at the top of a long slender peduncle. When the flowers have fallen, the developing fruits with their pappuses look like little stars. Two DYC's (Durned Yellow Composites) found on the outcrop are Black-Eyed Susan and a semi-look alike, Greentbread. Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta) is a common plant in Texas later in the spring. The school bus-yellow rays can be solid or marked with maroon. The foliage is covered with stiff, somewhat raspy hairs. The leaves are entire. Greenthread (Thelespermajilfolium) has a head that is very similar to Rudbeckia hirta but has foliage that is nearly glabrous (without hairs). The divisions of the leaves are quite slender and thread-like. The mint family (Lamiaceae) is also well-represented in the spring. These plants usually have opposite leaves, square stems, and a minty or antiseptic smell. You will probably smell Rock Hedeoma or Mock Pennyroyal (Hedeoma reverc/1011i1) before you see it. The leaves of this small perennial are pleasantly lemon scented and release their aroma ifthe plant is brushed or stepped on. The flowers are pale purple and not very showy, but the plants do seem to flower for quite a long period of time. http://www.csdl.tarnu.edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/OUTCROP28.HTML 11 /20/2000 Drummond Skullcap (Scutellaria drummo11dil) has hand puppet-shaped bluish purple flowers marked with white. The distinctive feature of most species of Scutellaria is the calyx--it is two-lipped and has a concave crest on the upper lip. This crest has been amusingly and aptly described as looking "just like a John Deere tractor seat." Another mint, Prairie Brazoria, Warnockia scutellarioides (Brazoria scutellarioides), is easily mistaken for Skullcap at first look. The flowers are similar in shape and color and the plants are about the same size. The calyx looks nearly the same, too, except that what looks like a crest is actually calyx teeth swept up and back. This plant also grows on the summit of the outcrop, with shade-dwelling plants much larger than their cousins in full sun. A couple members of the Scrophulariaceae are conspicuous on the outcrop in spring. Texas Paintbrush (Castilleja i11divisa), while not abundant, is certainly showy. The bright red- orange bracts hide the tubular green flowers almost completely. Look for it near the base of the outcrop. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP28.HTML 11/20/2000 Cobaea Penstemon (Pe11stemo11 cobaea) is found high up on the slope. It has huge, pale lavender-pink flowers that look a lot like Foxglove. In this part of Texas, this plant is most frequently found on calcareous outcrops such as this one. The flowers of Trailing Ratany (Krameria la11ceolata) aren't as showy as those of Paintbrush or Penstemon, but they are interesting up close. A unique shade of purply-maroon, the blossoms look a little like legume flowers and a bit like orchids. The plants are low and trailing, bearing the flowers close to the ground. This is the only member of the Krameriaceae in the local flora--a nice find and another indication of the diversity on this outcrop. Another inconspicuous plant is the Swan flower (Aristoloc/1ia erecta, synonym= A. lo11giflora). One might say it is so inconspicuous as to be invisible. This plant is the sole food of the larva of the gorgeous Pipevine Swallowtail butterfly, shown on a thistle from another location. The ferocious-looking black and red caterpillars (with bristles and horns!) devour the foliage, sometimes reducing the plants to leafless nubs. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2B.HTML 11/20/2000 We've yet to actually see this plant on the outcrop, but the butterflies and caterpillars are a common sight, so we're pretty sure it's there (just nibbled to almost nothing.) The accompanying photo of the strange, pipe-shaped flower was taken at another location. In contrast, one can hardly take a step on the outcrop without encountering Prairie or Fineleaf Bluets (Hedyotis 11igrica11s). This calf-high plant bears tiny four-petaled pale lavender pink flowers nearly the year around. This Bluet is quite different from the other Bluets found in this part ofTexas--most of them are less than two inches tall. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2B.HTML 11 /20/2000 • CHAPTER II C .... Seasonal_f lo_ra of the Sides of the OutcroR (cont'd.} http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2B.HTML 11/20/2000 Chapter IJC. Seasonal tiora ot me :::.10es 01 me vmi.;1uµ . --HmHm-o-HH••·--··-H-••--H•H-• """""""""""""-HHH••OHOHH•-m """"") Chapter IIC. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop A couple of interesting monocots round out an early spring trip to the outcrop. Nuttall Deathcamas (Zigade1111s 1mttalli1) bears tall bottlebrush or porn-porn inflorescences of creamy yellow-green flowers. Although it grows from a bulb like an onion and is in the same family as the onions, this is one plant which should never be eaten. All parts of the plant contain neurotoxic alkaloids. American Aloe (Ma11freda sp., synonym= Polia11thes sp.) looks a little like the Aloe many people grow as a houseplant, except that the foliage is spotted. We have yet to catch thi s plant in flower so that we can make a herbarium specimen and determine just which species this is. A May visit to the outcrop turns up many of the same plants found earlier in the spring, but also presents some newcomers. Chickenthief or Stickleaf (Me11tze/ia oligosperma) grows on the lowest part of the outcrop. It has rather attractive orange flowers, but its fo liage is harsh and scratchy. Many of its relatives in the genus Cevallia have stinging hairs; Mentzelia's hairs_don't sting but under high magnification can be seen to be minutely barbed. This outcrop is one of the few places we know where we can find this plant regularly. http://www.csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000 --o----. Rough Nama (Nama ltispidum) grows a little further up the slope. It is a small plant with gray-green foliage and star-shaped purple flowers. Though not terribly common locally, the plant can be found ranging north to Oklahoma and west to Arizona and California. ' V, , 'Ir "'~ . , , • r • « • < Tall Poppy Mallow (Callirlioe leiocarpa, image not yet available) is found in our area mostly on and around calcareous outcrops and was the nicest find of a May, 1995 trip to the outcrop. The flowers are quite similar to those of the oh-so-common Winecup (Callirhoe i11volucrata) (shown), but Tall Poppy Mallow lives up to its name by being an upright plant; Winecups tend to trail close to the ground. Another difference is that Winecup flowers have an epicalyx , a whorl of small bracts just below the calyx; Tall Poppy Mallow flowers don't have these bracts. June brings a different look to the outcrop. Most of the spring-flowering plants have finished blooming and a suite of early summer plants has taken over. This time of year seems to belong mostly to the legumes. Making a splendid appearance is the well-named Showy Prairie Clover (Dalea compacta). Its dense clusters of bright rose purple flowers with shocking orange anthers are a bee magnet--and equally attractive to photographers! Near the base of the outcrop is a second species of Dalea. Golden Prairie Clover (Dalea aurea) doesn't look much like its purple-flowered cousin, being a short, somewhat scruffy plant with bright yellow flowers. The foliage of this plant is covered with soft, silky hairs. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000 Scattered pretty much over the whole outcrop is Scarlet Pea (flldigofera mitiiata). It's a low, trailing plant with brick-red to pinkish-orange pea-like flowers. Early summer is also a good time to start studying the grasses of the outcrop. Grassbur (Cenchrus incertus) usually finds botanists before they find it. Each vicious, clinging bur contains seeds which will go on to give rise to more plants with more vicious, clinging burs ... Many other species of grass grow on the outcrop, though we have been lax in photographing them. Sideoats Grama (Bouteloua curtipe11dula), Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis), Hairy Grama (Bouteloua hirsuta), Durban Crowfootgrass (Dactylocte11ium aegyptium), Rosettegrass (Dicl1a11thelium spp.), and Lovegrass (Eragrostis spp.) can all be found here. The shorter days of late summer and fall bring more changes to the outcrop. Some of the more interesting plants save their surprises until now. Partridge Pea (Chamaecristafasciculata) is one of those plants that seem to be everywhere in August and September. Its dark brown stamens contrast nicely with its bright golden flowers. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000 cnapter UL.. _,easona1 r 1ora or rm: _,mt:~ u1 u11:: vu"·" uµ http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2C.HTML 11 /20/2000 Cnapter Jll.J. :::>easonal r I Ura UI Int: ;)lUt:S Ul lilt: VUL'-'1 Vf.1 Chapter IID. Seasonal Flora of the Sides of the Outcrop Several species of Eupliorbia (Spurge) grow on the outcrop. Snow-on-the-Prairie (E. bicolor) can be very showy. The flowers are small and green, but the bracts subtending the inflorescences have broad white margins. Be careful of the sap: many species of Euphorbia have irritant sap and this plant seems to be worse than most. Flowering Spurge (Eupliorbia corollata) has pretty little "flowers." Actually, as in all species of Euphorbia, what looks like a flower is really an entire inflorescence called a cyathium. Each cyathium has a number of male flowers, each consisting of a single stamens, and one female flower. What looks like a row of white petals is in fact a ring of glands and appendages around the rim of the cyathium. A third species, E. missurica, looks a little like Flowering Spurge but tends to have all the gland appendages crowded on one side of the cyathium. (Image not yet available.) Two great plants grow at the foot of the outcrop. Wliite Milkwort (Polygala alba) sends up slender stems topped with conical clusters of small white flowers. This perennial is quite tough and can get to be rather large and woody at the base. It likes full sun and sandy soil. Clammyweed (Pola11isia dodeca11dra) looks a lot like Spiderflower (C/eome) that many people grow in the garden. The two are in fact members of the same family. They share the same http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V -OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D.HTM L 11 /20/2000 Cnapter llU. ~eaSOTial r I Ufa UI lllC CHUC~ Ul lll<O vu'"' vp form--tall and slender--and the same long, brightly colored stamens. Polanisia is a handsome plant, with its pink flowers and shiny black seeds. If it grows anywhere else locally, we don't know about it. The midslope has its own interesting flora. Growing right out of the cracks in the rock at about midslope we find Texas or Lady Bird's Centaury (Ce11tauriu111 texe11se). This plant is named after former first lady Lady Bird Johnson, who loved it and planted it on her ranch. It is very rare in this region. The bright pink flowers look much like Prairie Rose-Gentian (Sabatia campestris) in that they have five bright pink petals, but the plant is smaller in all aspects. Also rare in the region is Skeletonplant (Lygodesmia texa11a). This plant is much more common nearer the Edwards Plateau. The common name describes the nearly leafless stems with their leaves cut into narrow segments. The pale lavender flowers are unusual among local members of the Asteraceae. An interesting plant near the top of the slope was first sighted in the spring of 1998. This is Ground-plum Milkvetch (Astragalus crassicarpus). The legumes become plump and juicy with age and are edible. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP20.HTML 11 /20/2000 Lnaprer itu. i:>t:i:i:su11a1 r 1v1a v1 u1~ ~•u'"-'"' vl u1i.,, '-"""''"'""'VP . Perhaps the most interesting plant on the outcrop blooms along the slope in September and October. Navasota False Foxglove (Agali11is 11avasotensis) was described as a new species in J 993. As far as is known, this is the only population of this plant in existence. It is currently classified as a Category V plant--meaning the plant is on the Watch List compiled by the Texas Organization for Endangered Species. Not enough is known about it to determine if it warrants Endangered Species status. A. navasotensis, at first glance, is very similar to the locally-common Prairie Agalinis (A. Jieterophylla) which has been found on the roadside below the outcrop and at the rim of the outcrop, but not on the slope. Prairie Agalinis has broader leaves and flowers that sit right on the stem. A. navasotensis has very narrow, thread-like leaves and pedicels (flower stalks) longer than the calyces and fruit. Both species are hemiparasitic--some of their nourishment is taken from the roots of grasses with which they grow. NOTE: Please help us protect this rare plant. If you visit the outcrop, please leave the A. navasotensis plants and seeds where they are. They are annuals, so they won't live long after transplanting anyway, and because they are hemiparasites, they require complex conditions for seed germination. (So far, germination has been accomplished only with tissue culture/nutrient medium techniq~es). If you want to enjoy them for a long time, put a bookmark on this page, or take some photographs for yourself. ... ...... _._ -------·---·--______ .......... ·····-··· http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D.HTML 11/20/2000 l_;03ptef llLJ. ~eaSUfiat r IUr<i 01 lilt: ~IUt:~ VL lll<O '-'UL'-'1vp Last updated August 4, 1998 http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP2D.HTML 11 /20/2000 Chapter ill. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 1 of3 Chapter ID. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop The woody plants on the slopes of the outcrop provide a framework for the showier annuals and perennials. Most of the slope above the road is open, but there are a few taller trees. There is a clump of good-sized Eastern Red Cedar or Juniper (Juniperu.s virginiU1ia) trees about midslope. The presence of so many Edwards Plateau plants on the outcrop has led botanists to wonder if these aren't in fact Ashe Juniper (J. ashei), but they key out as J. virginiana every time. The shaggy bark and pale blue fleshy "berries" (actually cones) are striking. On the southwest part of the slope are one or two small Black Willows (Salix nigra). Because willows usually grow near water, we think there must be a drainage along that part of the outcrop. The reason no one has gone to see if there is a drainage there is because of all the Poison Ivy (Rhus toxicodendron or Toxicodendron radicans) at that spot. There's a good amount of it on the outcrop, evidence of some disturbance. \ .. . %l\.· .... ~ .. .,.. . 'f . ;.·· '*'1· '': ·-_,,, l .. ~ ;·~ .~: Two other species of Sumac (Rhus) are nicer to look at and safe to handle. Fragrant Sumac (R. aromatica) is a small bush with three-parted leaves. Early spring sees it covered with clusters of small yellow flowers. In the fall it has attractive red fruit. This is a far-ranging species in Texas, with one variety or another found in every part except the South Texas Plains. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3.HTML 11/20/2000 Chapter ill. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 2 of3 On the north face, near the top, Smooth or Scarlet Sumac (Rhus glabra) makes a patch of color in the fall. This Sumac has pinnately compound leaves and red fruit. (As a general rule, white-fruited Rhus are the ones that cause rashes; red-fruited species are harmless.) A couple of members of the Caprifoliaceae (Honeysuckle Family) put in an appearance on the outcrop. Rusty Blackhaw (Viburnum rujidulum) is a large shrub or small tree. In the spring its clusters of creamy yellow flowers really stand out along the wooded part of the upper slope. In the fall, it has deep blue fruits. The foliage is a favorite food of the cecropia moth (Samia cecropia) catepillar. Tangled in the Junipers at midslope is Coral Honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens). The tubular red flowers are quite showy and are a favorite of hummingbirds. This native honeysuckle does well in the home garden and is not nearly so invasive as the Ja anese Hone suckle Lonicera · onica . Another vine here is the Mustang Grape (Vitis mustangensis). There is a large patch rnidslope, clambering over other plants. The palmately lobed leaves are densely white-furry underneath. The fruit are juicy and edible (except for the astringent skin), but it can be difficult to beat the animals to them once they ripen. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3.HTML 11/20/2000 "chapter III. Permanent (Woody) Plants of the Sides of the Outcrop Page 3 of3 Also midslope is a community of plants that would seem to be more at home in a desert than in East Central Texas. Their presence here indicates just how dry the outcrop is. Several Yucca (Yucca sp.) plants have come up here. Each year they send up tall stalks of fragrant, cream-colored flowers. All over the outcrop one can find Prickly Pear Cactus (Opuntia spp.), usually when a plant attacks the ankles. The big yellow flowers attract many kinds of insect pollinators. The plants on the summit tend to be taller than those on the slopes and may represent a different species. .... ;~-.,,. .. .. ~' ·" . ..._ ... "' ...• ~}' .• "" -. -:1 •• ~! .; i:-: ._ ~ Visitors with sharp eyes and a careful step will be the first to spot the small, round-bodied cactus, Coryphantha missouriensis. Never more than a few inches high, it forms circular clumps half-buried in the sand. The flowers are greenish yellow. In the fall, the bright red fruits can make a round patch resemble nothing so much as a Christmas wreath. The only other place we know of in the area to find this species is the mesa formation at Lick Creek Park, south of College Station in Brazos County. Since this plant is so uncommon, if you visit, please don't pick or do anything to disturb it! CHAPTER IV A .... The View from the Top http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP3.HTML 11/20/2000 "chapter IVA The View from the Top Page 1 of4 Chapter IV A. The View from the Top The southeast rim of the slope seems to have a flora all its own. Some interesting plants are found here and nowhere else on the outcrop. The first such is actually a very common plant in the surrounding countryside. Common Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis) colors nearly every roadside in the fall. The pollen from its bright yellow flowers is often blamed for fall hayfever, but most fall allergies are probably due largely to ra eed Ambrosia s . which blooms at the same time but is not nearly as showy. Blue Sage (Salvia azurea) has much the same form as Goldenrod--tall and skinny--but its flowers are a bright, intense blue. A large patch of this really is striking. Another interesting find--and a bit of a surprise--is Late Lionsheart or Obedient Plant (Pliysostegia virginiana). All of the other species of Physostegia in East Central Texas bloom in May or June and prefer wet ditches, but this one catches folks off guard by flowering in the fall in a high, dry spot. The lavender-pink flowers will stay wherever you position them on the stalk--hence the name Obedient Plant. (Image not yet available). Perhaps the rarest and most unusual plant of the rim is Tall Wild Mercury (Argythamn.ia mercurialina). This odd member of the Spurge Family (Euphorbiaceae) has small greenish-yellow flowers that actually have petals--not a usual feature in flowers of this family. There are separate male and female flowers on each plant, with occasional plants bearing flowers of only one sex. (Image not yet available.) The summit of the outcrop is a large flat area several acres in size. Part of the space is taken up by a private residence with a surrounding lawn. The rest of the summit is a maze of open areas and stands of small trees and brush. The north rim is heavily wooded and slopes down through a thicket to a creek below. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000 Chapter IVA. The View from the Top Page 2 of 4 The woody flora of the summit includes some common plants and some not-so-common species usually associated with the Edwards Plateau. One such unusual find is NetleafHackberry (Ce/tis reticulaJa). This plant is found in much of Texas, but usually only on limestone soils or calcareous outcrops. It is quite rare in East Central Texas, confined to scattered limey sites. The long-oval leaves are rough as sandpaper to the touch and have a raised network of veins on the undersurface. Also present is the exceedingly common Sugar Hackberry (Ce/tis laevigata). Compared with the leaves ofNetleafHackberry, its leaves are narrower, more pointed, much smoother, and lacking the raised veins beneath. It also tends to be a taller, narrower tree. C. reticulata is often rather short and broad. (hnage not yet available) A second Edwards Plateau plant is Texas Persimmon (Diospyros texana). This Persinunon bears black, grape-sized fruit that are a favorite of racoons and ring-tailed cats. These little fruits are edible, but are smaller and less tasty than the neon-orange ones produced by the Common Persimmon (Diospyros virginiana) which is not found on the outcrop. Don't ever eat a green persimmon unless you want your mouth puckered up for the rest of the day. Along the north rim of the outcrop, mixed in with some truly gigantic Junipers, is a stand of Mexican Buckeye (Ungnadia speciosa). This tree has pinnately compound leaves and ink flowers. The fruits are capsules, each with three shiny, marble-sized seeds that look like little Buckeyes. (What most people know as Buckeyes are the seeds of various Much more common in the region is Hop tree or Skunkbush, (Ptelea trifoliata). The fruits are round and quite flat, each with a single seed in the center. The foliage (like that of so many members of the Rue Family) has a distinctive, not-exactly-pleasant odor. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000 Chapter IVA The View from the Top Bumelia (Bumelia lanuginosa) is also rather common locally. It is a smallish tree with thorny branches and edible black fruits. The foliage and new twigs are rather densely pubescent (hairy), with the undersides of the leaves being quite velvety. Page 3 of4 Finding RoughleafDogwood (Cornus drummondii) isn't unusual either. In fact, it is more common in the region than the more showy Flowering Dogwood (C. florida). Roughleaf Dogwood does indeed have very rough leaves. The flowers are small and not very showy. Two common-as-dirt plants of the summit are the Ya upon Holly (/lex vomitoria) and Deciduous Holly (L decidua). Both are medium to large shrubs with grayish bark and dark green leaves. The Yaupon (shown below) holds its leaves throughout the year, while the Deciduous Holly (shown above) http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HTML 11/20/2000 Chapter IVA The View from the Top Page 4 of 4 lives up to its name and grows a new set every year. Hollies are dioecious, meaning that there are male and female plants. Both sexes have tiny white flowers in the spring, but only the females wear the bright red berries in the fall and winter. . f '~ ' .. ~... ./) ..... ~ .. ~...:: 7D~ .... · .~-, -~~ • ~hapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORAINAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4A.HIML 11/20/2000 Chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 1 of5 Chapter IVB. The View from the Top Some interesting small shrubs and vines fill the spaces under the trees and tangle in their canopies. Beneath the Mexican Buckeyes are some Drummond Wax-mallows (Malvaviscus arboreus). The flowers are a brilliant red with the five petals twisted together and the style and stamen column protruding. These make good home landscape plants, though it is wise to remember that under ideal conditions they can get to be much taller than the little guys seen here. On a lucky day you can see the intricate little flowers of Yellow Passionflower (Passiflora lutea) here too. These blossoms have a corona, a whorl of thread-like appendages between the petals and the stamens. The style has three wide-spreading branches. This slender vine has three-lobed leaves and climbs by means of tightly-twining tendrils. Virginia Creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) is easier to find. Its leaves and stems look a little like Poison Ivy, but remembering that Virginia Creeper has five or more leaflets per leaf and Poison Ivy only three will help you tell them apart. A member of the grape family (Vitaceae), Virginia Creeper has blue-black, grape-like berries that are (alas!) inedible. The fall color can be a very showy scarlet. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.HTML 11/20/2000 °Chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 2 of 5 Sharppod Morningglory, lpomoea cordatotriloba (lpomoea trichocarpa), is admired more for its flowers. A bright pinkish purple, they are easy to spot from July until frost. In addition to the woody species, the summit is home to a number of herbaceous plants. A few interesting things can be found close to the house and the edge of the mowed lawn area. Dwarf Dandelion (Krigia gracilis) is a lawn weed that few people mind. The little golden blossoms do look just like miniature Dandelions, but the plants are much less aggressive. ' ';'~. ~--·-,,:...; . '... . ... ....... . . _r. • .i..1 . «. ~~ • ~J., . f. (" • I; .,, ; ---. \ ~ Not so admired is Yellow Wood Sorrel (Oxalis dillenii and/or 0. stricta). The little yellow flowers are pretty enough, but the clover-like foliage can get to be scruffy-looking and the plant seeds itself prolifically. The little capsules actually explode, shooting hundreds of seeds as far as possible from the parent plant. No wonder it is so hard to get rid of. .. ~: ~ ~ ·-~\~.I . ' ) . {" ... . : I A little further out from the house one can find one of the local Groundsel or Ragwort species, Setrecio tampicatrus (Packera tampicana). Cheerful yellow blossoms accompany intricately parted and lobed leaves to make this spring find practically unmistakable. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.HTML 11120/2000 ·chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 3 of 5 Another can't-miss-on-the-identification plant is Sticky Bedstraw (Galium aparine). The long, floppy stems and whorled leaves cling to just about anything (especially socks!) by means of microscopic hooked hairs. Even the fruit are clingy. Botany students have discovered the fun of flinging bits of this at one another and have nicknamed it "Velcro Plant." Ofless recreational value but with more ornamental value is Dakota Vervain (Verbena bipinnaJijida). The flat clusters of blue-purple flowers are very showy. Luckily for its many fans, this plant grows throughout much of the state and is quite at home in the garden. This plant is often mistaken for a Phlox, but close inspection reveals that Verbena flowers are slightly zygomorphic, as opposed to actinomorphic in Phlox. Another Verbena found on the outcrop is Texas Vervain, Verbena officinalis subsp. halei (Verbena halei). Its flowers do not have pedicels and are arranged on an elongate axis; this type of inflorescence is called a spike (image not yet available). The open areas among the trees provide homes for a few more interesting herbs. One easily-overlooked plant is Knotweed Leaf Flower (Phyllanthus polygonoides). Its tiny unisexual flowers hang from the undersides of the stems. One would never guess that it is in the same family as the flamboyant Poinsettia. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.IITML 11/20/2000 Chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 4 of 5 A second member of the Poinsettia family (Euphorbiaceae) found here is Wedgeleaf Euphorbia (Euphorbia longicruris). This nondescript little plant has caused no small excitement among Texas botanists. This is the only location known for this plant east of Austin, Texas and represents a range extension of a hundred miles or more. (Image not yet available.) On the other hand, finding Nuttall Milkvetch (Astragalus nuttallianus) is no surprise at all. This species has several varieties--each region of the state features at least one. Milkvetches have pinnately compound leaves and no tendrils. This distinguishes them from true Vetches, which have the last leaflet of each leaf replaced by tendrils. (Image not yet available). Two last treats await the hiker willing to explore the summit thoroughly. Late spring can bring a show of Carolina Delphinium (Delphinium carolinianum). Most of the local populations of this species have a lot of variety of color in their flowers (blue, lavender, and white), but all the ones we've seen here are white or white tinged with lavender. A really splendid show is provided by Western Wallflower (Erysimum capita/um). Turning a corner and stumbling on a whole open area filled with these fragrant, waist-high, school-bus yellow flowers can be the high point of a trip to the outcrop. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.HTML 11/20/2000 ·chapter IVB. The View from the Top (cont'd) Page 5 of5 Whatever the season, a trip to the outcrop is sure to captivate, teach, and inspire. Having run out of superlatives, we pause to simply admire the view from the top. Species List For Outcrop INTRODUCTION http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/OUTCROP4B.HTML 11/20/2000 ---------,-~ ----------· -J r-------·J ~ .... · ~o-····· .... ··-·-.......... _. ........... J. '-'5 '-' I VJ. J.V SPECIES FROM GRIMES COUNTY OUTCROP c··-·-----·-------·----·----···--·--............ -....... ·-·· ·----·----····---HHHHOHHHH-OOOO•O-OH•HH•--·------··---""""""""""""""OO"""OOO""OO""OOO•OOOOOH 000•0000"">""-""""--·--·1 ("top" or "rim"= top edge of outcrop; "summit"= large, flat area with house; "side" or "slope"= sloping side of outcrop, where Agalinis navasotensis is found.) r ........................................................................................................................................ -.................. --............................................................................... _ ................................................ _______________ ..... _. ___ , .. _, __ .... _ ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... .. .. ........... , Gymnosperms Cupressaceae o Juniperus virgi11ia11a L. ---side, summit Magnoliopsida (Dicots) Acanthaceae Amaranthaceae o Amaranthus palmeri S. Wats. -~--roadside at base Anacardiaceae 0 B.hu~P.!:9-WQ£iJ:.qf':._iLY.'i!LiJ.flb§_fUfqrJI[f,'L$billD~rn ... :.:.: .. l?.iO.~.§\!.rn.rn_i!? o Rh~t!i_g/qf!m._k, :=-~.f1;1.Lri&bt!?id~.n~.m: .. rnr o Toxicodendron radictms L. 0 . Ktze. ---side Apiaceae o Bifora americana (DC.) Benth. & Hook. o Tori/is arvensis (Huds.) Link ---upper W slope Aquifoliaceae o !Lt:c,~d.f:'..fi.4.1ffL~Y.;iJt, =!?\!mmiJ o ftg,J_yp111J!9.r.:iPAiL .. :: .. :_~.v:m.m.iJ.. Aristolochiaceae http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11/20/2000 Asclepiadaceae o Asclepias oenotheroides Cham. & Schlect. ---base o Asclepias viridiflora Raf. ---upper side, mostly right Asteraceae o Ambrosia trifida L. var. texana Scheele o Amphiachyris dracunculoides DC. ---side o Aphanostephus skirrhobasis (DC.) Trel. ---side o Aster patens Ait. var. patentissimus (Lind.) T. & G. ---mid-ledge, side (white!) o Aster sericeus Vent. var. microphylla DC. ---side o (;h.qrflgpqpy_g__gsfl!J:oid__g$ Nutt,_~x DC..=_;;,jg~ o Croptilon rigidifolium (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith ---slope o Dyssodiopsis tagetoides (T. &G.) Rydb. ---upper slope 0 &:ng~bJ.!PIJtijqpiwrnL@:i_g_N1,1J1,_:::_[Qy.t_~L§id<::,_bll.§.~ o Erigeron strigosus Muhl. ex Willd. o Erigeron tenuis T. & G. o f;yq;~.Yfl.rnqRll.L.~.::.~.id<::,§1,1mmi.! o Gaillardia aestivalis (Walt.)Rock. var. aestivalis o Gaillardia amblyododn Gay o Gutierrezia sarothrae (Pursh) Britt. & Rusby o Gutierrezia texana(DC.) T. & G. o Heterotheca suba.xillaris (Lam.) Britt. & Rusby var. latifolia (Buck!.) Gandhi & Thomas ---side o f/J:!.!1f.t!QP@J2..lf.,L£rnh_i_Q,meus I . .J::kr. ---!Q~Y.<::r?.ic:!~ o Krigia gracilis (DC.) Shinners ---mowed lawn of summit o Liatris mucronata DC. o Lygodesmia texana (T. & G.) Greene ---side o Marsha/Lia caesf2_itosa DC. var. caespitosa o Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small (=Solidago rigida L.) ---top o Packera tampicana (DC.) Jeffrey (= Senecio tampicanus)--summit o Pyrrhopappus sp. ---(seen, not collected) o &J.Ji..b.ITklqJ.1irta _!-. ---!!P.l~er slo~ o Silphium radula Nutt. ---rim o Soli<lcl '0 s . canadensis ? ---to o Tetraneuris linearifolia (Hook.) Greene o Thelesperma ji.lifolium (Hook.)Gray ---midslope o Verbesina virginica L. ---rim in unmowed area Boraginaceae o Lithospermum incisum Lehm. o Heliotropium tenellum (Nutt.) Torr. ---side http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHL!ST.HTML ragt: ,t. Ul IV 11 /20/2000 Brassicaceae o Descurainia pinna/a (Walt.) Britt. o Q):J.i11111.m .. mpitq(J.!11.Ll.HQQKJ Gree_ne ---g1111mit o Lepic!iY!!l..l!i!.-gi!J.i .. rnm_k ... :::. .. ~NJ;. o Lepidium virginicum var. medium ---summit o Lesquerella densiflora (Gray) S. Wats. ---side o Lesquerella gracilis (Hook.) Wats. var. gracilis ---side Cactaceae o CQlJ'J21J.q111hCJ..1.r1i!i.J..QY! ien,1:i,\:($ .. ~Y.efilLJ?.1j!t.._c~i; RQ .. ~i:;...::.:.§.ige o Qpunfia s . ---side Campanulaceae o Triodanis perfoliata (L.) Nieuwl. var. perfoliata Capparidaceae o Pola11isia dodeca11dra (L.) DC. subsp. riogra11densis lltis ---lower side Caprifoliaceae o Lonicera sempervire11s L. ---on Junipers on side o _t_i]}_11niu111.nifldyJunLRfiL.:::rni_dsl Qpe_wi th Jµn[pe[ Caryophyllaceae o Arenaria patula Michx. var. patula ---side, summit 0 PrJT9.f.L\:".'.9..h!gid!g[l1j_fg _$_prr;;ng.:--side o Silene antirrhina L. Cistaceae o Helianthemum georgianum Chapm. Convolvulaceae o I omoea tric/1ocar a Ell. var. trichocar'Ja ---summit o lpomoea wrightii Gray o Convolvulus? ---summit http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML ragt:.) Ul IV 11 /20/2000 " Cornaceae o Camus drummondii C.A. Mc . ---summit Cucurbitaceae o Cucumis melo L. o Melothria or Jbervillea (not in flower) ---summit Cuscutaceae o Cuscuta pentagona Engelm. var. pubescens (Engelm.) Yuncker--side, summit Ebenaceae Euphorbiaceae o Argythamnia humilis (Engelm. & Gray) Muell. Arg. var. humilis o Argythamnia mercurialina (Nutt.) Muell. Arg. var. mercurialina ---rim of top o Croton monanthogynus Michx. ---side o P.u12lw.rh.irLbimf9r_f:,l!ge!m., .. ~-Qi:~y_::::JQ~'!:eL~i9.e o O:upf!gr_P.iq_mm!/qw. ... k .... :.:.: .... s.ide o Euphorbia dentata Michx. ---summit o *Euphorbia longicruris Scheele ---summit (county record; major range extension) o Euphorbia missurica Raf. ---side o Euphorbia nutans Lag. o £.hy.ll£1nibH§JlQfygQ11Pic!.f§Spreng,_:::§m:nmiJ o Euphorbia spathulata Lam.---summit o Tragia urticifolia Michx. (?) Fabaceae o Astra ralus crassicar'J11s Nutt. ---to of slo c o Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. austrinus (Sm.)Shr. & Wigg. o Astragalus nuttallianus DC. var. nuttallianus ---summit o C/Jamaecrista [asciculata CMichx.) Greene ---side o Qrlf~qgm:rn.l:'l_tJJLe.x.J?..\Jrlih:::JQ~Y.eL§\9~ o l).gfgqr;gmngq/q Spreng,_y<1J.:.pub?.§f?.11$.(Qrny))}~rne1:.>Y .. :.:: .. loY>'..C::.L .. ~.i4e o Desmodium paniculatum (L.) DC. var. paniculatum o l11cfigQ.&.rnn1fniq_WQtl, <::L..Y.-~L...JJ.1iniq!ff:::;;ide,g!mJ!ljJ o Lu12inYs .. ~:ub..fqrnQs11,~H99k, ... ::: ... s.i.9.e,Jn9.stly.l.9wer,Jop http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11/20/2000 • o Lupinus texensis Hook. o Mimosa strigillosa T. & G. ---base o Pediomelum rhombifolium (T. & G.) Rydb. ---base o Rhynchosia minima (L.) DC. var. minima ---rim, edge of mowed lawn o Vicia minutiflora Dietr. o Vicia ludoviciana Nutt. subsp. leavenworthii (T. & G.) Lassetter & Green Gentianaceae o Centaurium texense (Griseb.) Fern. ---side, on bare rock Hydrophyllaceae o Nama hispidum Gray ---lower side, base o Phacelia patuliflora (Engelm. & Gray) Gray var. patuliflora ---summit Krameriaceae Lamiaceae o Hedeoma drummondii Benth. o H~<f..<!..Qmg_rnv.1!..1:r;h_q11.ii.Orn.Y.-".~LE<!..V.?..n;.hqnii.. .. :.::!i.ic:!e.;; o Monarda citriodoraCerv. ex Lag. subsp. citriodora---upper W slope o Physostegia virginiana (L.) Benth. ssp. praemorsa (Shinners) Cantino ---top (fall) o &i./lirLcgJff!fil.l&m, ---top_CMD o Salvia lyrata L. o SC!!.!dlqr..!g __ cfrn1mn9ncfiL8.e.mh, o *Trichostema brachiatum L.---rim; first Texas record for TAMU; possible range extension o Warnockia scutellarioides En"elm. & Gra M. W. Tuner former( in Brazoria ---summit ui;i er sloru:_ Linaceae o Linwn berla11dieri Hook. var. berla11dieri ---side Loasaceae o Mentzelia oligosperma Sims. ---side, mostly lower Malvaceae o Callirhoe leiocar a Martin ---u http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000 Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis > o Mgfvaviscu.~:grboreu~ Cav. vai:,drununond.i.LIJ. & G.) SchJ;!!)'_.:-_--summit ed_g~ o Sida abutifolia Mill. Menispermaceae o Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC.--summit Moraceae o Morus rubra L Nyctaginaceae o Boerhavia diffusa L. ---summit o Mirabilis linearis (Pursh) Heimerl. (fruit with influence of M. albida) ---summit Onagraceae o Calylophus berlandieri Spach subsR. berlandieri ---side o Gaura parviflora Hook. o Gaura sujfulta Engelm. ex Gray subsp. sujfulta Oxalidaceae Passifloraceae Plantaginaceae o Plantago hookeriana Fisch. & Mey o Plantago rhodosperma Dene. ---summit Polygalaceae o Polvgala alba Nutt. ---lower left side Ranunculaceae o Anemone berlandieri Pritzel http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NAV-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11/20/2000 Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis .) o De lpJ1iJ.!.i tm!_f.{ll'Of i nia ~w1n W 'llL:.:.:_.le I eari !]gLQ.P..GL1i.ng_QIL summit o Ranunculusfascicularis Muhl. ---base Rubiaceae o Qgh!W!.PP£l!'.i!1?..l,,~..::...!il,IT.:l}l'.11lt o Galium virgatum Nutt 0 H?..dY.9!is.nigr.irn.n!I_(.k.i.\DU fQ§R., ... :.:.:J!.i.QG,§IJ.DJ:mi!. Rutaceae o f.Jg[rnJr.ifQl!r.ftq_1.,f>.®.W,Jr.if.qJiq_!fl~ar. 1119.l!i$...T... & G~:--su_ml)1it o Zanthoxylum sp. ---side Salicaceae 0 ,'igJix11.igrqMm:!ih, :::_5.Y .. §i..QG,PJ:G§.!J.t:DC:l.P..lyi .. r.L9rnini!gG. Sapindaceae o (/ngngd.i.g ... ~P<;.9..f.Q.~g~:r:i9J., ... ::.: ... §.ummitn.Qr.th .. r.im Sapotaceae o SJ4..?..rn,yy_lQ!.!.k!.!!!!ginQ,rn!!LMic;_br..,(=Bumelia lanuginosa (Michx.) Pers. ---summit Scrophulariaceae o !.!.gq/i11i,~J1fil?..!'.QP.f:udl£LLl':'.iJJJ!J_S...!ItC:lJLG2'.J2.r.i!\,_&.,AJ~L:::J>ast;,J.QR o Agalinis na vasotensis Dubrul.c & Cannc-Hillikcr ---side to top o (q§t.if1?..).fLin4ivi$..q E11g~[m,::.:J_g_~Lli9.~ ... _b~.l?G 0 E?..t1$..I?..1110ll_(Obq_(!!LN!JtL..::.::_fil..c!t:":. Ulmaceae o ('glj/,£.}q_?..YiggtqI'l".iU~:L::::>..ummit o Ce/tis reticulata Torr. ---summ it o Ulmus americana L. Valerianaceae o Valerianellajlorifera Shinners o Ygl?..rf.qn_iz.lfarqd.ii:zJg(k,}P_L!.fL VC\Lrqd.i.qJg.-.::.::S.,§i9~_nG_ll.LLQ.i.\.Q http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000 Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis .) Verbenaceae o Phyla nodiflora Greene o Y.~t:b..g_nqJ1iPi.tl!!ilti.fllf.ffN.lJJ.L:::_§.l.!Dm1it o Verbena officinlais L. subsp. halei (Small) Barber Violaceae o Hybanthus verticillatus (Ort.) Bail I. var. verticillatus --meadow on summit Vitaceae o Cissus incisa (Nutt.) Des Moul. ---side, in tree o Parthenocissus quinquefOlia (L.) Planch ---summit o bLis m_1~ta11gensisj3ucl<.l....::.:...§.ide Liliopsida (Monocots) Agavaceae o Manfreda sp. ---side (not observed flowering) Commelinaceae o Commelina erecta L. o Tradescantia hirsutiilora Bush ---midslopc? Cyperaceae o Carex cherokee11sis Schwein ---S. side near road o Carex microdonta Torr. & Hook. o Cyperus croceus Yahl. o Cyperus strigosus L. ---wet area on summit o Fuirena simplex Yahl. ---wet area on summit Liliaceae o A Ilium canadense L. o 4..!.U.Y.md.rnm111@4iU3&g!;";J .. _= .... S..,.-~.i<;!g_D~<.lLrnl!ct, ... ~.mnmLt o Nothoscord11111 bivalve CL.) Britt. 0 Yt_tfffLW_,__:::§.iQ~ o l.igg_ef.g_!IYd.l!H!JJJJJjj(Qrny)S... W <.lt§, ---siq~,_h_asG. http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA Y-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000 Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality for Agalinis navasotensis • Orchidaceae o S irantlies cemua L. L. C. Rich Poaceae o Andropogon gerardii Vitman var. gerardii ---midslope o Aristida oligantha Michx. o Bothriochloa ischaemum (L.) Keng. o Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr. var. curtipendula ---side o Bouteloua gracilis (Kunth in HBK.) Lag. ex Griffiths ---side o Bouteloua hirsuta Lag. ---lower side o Brachiaria texana (Buck!.) S. T. Blake ---roadside o Bouteloua rigidiseta (Steud.) A. S. Hitchc. var. rigidiseta o Brachiaria texana (Buck!.) S. T. Blake o Catapodium rigidum (L.) C. E. Hubb. ex Dony ---summit o {,~f11cli111__uncei:!11~M,_A,_(;.J!!Ji§.~..::.::.§i_ct~ o Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Beauv. ---side, mostly lower o Dichanthelium sp. o Digitaria bicornis (Lam.) Roem. & Schult. ---side o Digitaria cognata (Schult.) Pilger o Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. ---summit in lawn o Elymus virginicus L. ---rim? o Eragrostis secundiljlora Pres!. subsp. oxylepis (Torr.) S. D. Koch o Eragrostis sessilispica Buck!. o Eragrostis spectabilis (Pursh) Steud. ---side o Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) L. H. Dewey ---rim of slope o Muhlenbergia capillaris (Lam.) Trin. ---slope o Panicum capillare L. o Paspalumjloridanum Michx. var. glabratum Engelm ex Vasey o Paspalum langei (Fourn.) Nash o Paspalum pubiflorum Rupr. ex Fourn var. pubijlorum o Paspalum urvillei Steud. ---unmowed rim o Setaria leucopila (Scribn. & Merr.) K. Schum. o Setaria scheelei (Steud.) Hitchc. ---summit in shade (unusual in region.) o Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash ---side o Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth o Sporobolus cryptandrus (Torr.) Gray o Sporobolus ozarkanus Fern. o Tridensjlavus (L.) Hitchc. var.jlavus o Vulpia octojlora (Walt.) Rydb. prepared by Monique Reed and J. R. Manhart . Last updated February 19, 2000 Many thanks to Dr. Stephan L. Hatch of the Texas A&M Tracy Herbarium for help with identification of grasses. r-·······--······-······----···········-··-···--·-······--·-· --··--·-···---··-·--........................................ ···················-······················-···-···· ................ ·····-····--···················-·····-·· .. -· .. ·· . http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLIST.HTML 11 /20/2000 Taxa of Outcrop, Grimes Co.--type locality tor Aganms navasut1::11s1s • ...l Please send us yo ur comments, suggestions, and corrections ~-·······--••H-H••••••---•••HH-••0000 oooOOO•o••-••OOO•o••-••-••••••• ••••••••• ••••••H•-••••••••-•••••OoOHOoOooooOOOOHOOOO••OOOOOHHOOOHOOOHOOOOH•OOOOOO•o•oo••••••-••••••••••••-••••• 0rim~.i..C.QJJ.n.1Y_0.1!tc;:rnp!::IQD.J~..P.~g!:. r--·--mHOHHomo-OOOOOH•OO-•-•OOOO••--•HOOOOOHO->•OO•OHHHHuoooHHuuoH•O""••H•o••ooumo•o•OHO••-•mOOOHO • .............................. -................ ---1 http://www.csdl .tamu.edu/FLORA/NA V-OUTCROP/MHLJST.HTML 11 /20/2000 Lady· Bird. Jol111.501i. ,.Wildflower Center Southwest Recormnended Native Plant Species List Educating people about the environmental necessity, economic value, and natural beauty of native plants 4801 La Crosse Avenue Austin, Texas 78739-1702 (512) 292-4200 www.wildflower.org Range: States in which species can be planted. * Rare, endangered, or threatened in that state. Comments: Average plant height, bloom color and period, habitat (moisture and shade), and special features. Herbaceous plants are perennials unless noted. Botanical Name Common Name(s) Native Range Comments I Cacti and Succulents Agave deserli Century plant AZ 2-6 ft., yellow, June, dry, sun Agave neomexicana Century plant, NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, June-July, dry, sun New Mexico agave · Agave palmeri Palmer agave, AZ*NM 3-6 ft., yellow-green, June-Aug., dry, sun Blue century plant Agavepanyi Century plant, Parry agave AZ*NM 1-3 ft., yellow, June-Aug., dry, sun Dasylirion spp. Soto!, Desert pampas grass, AZ NM TX 1-3 ft., yellow, May-July, dry, sun to Desert spoon partial shade Echinocereus engelmannii Hedgehog cactus, AZ* 4-12 in., pink, Feb.-May, dry, sun, spiny, Strawberry cactus red fruit Echillocereus fendferi Strawberry cactus, AZ*NM To 1 ft., purple, May-June, dry, sun Fendler hedgehog Echinocereus pecinatus Rainbow hedgehog AZ*NM 1-3 ft., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun var. rigidissimus Ferocactus wislizeni Fishhook barrel cactus, AZ NM TX To 6 ft., orange-yellow, Aug.-Sept., dry, Southwestern barrel cactus sun, yellow fruit Opuntia chlorotica Pancake pear, AZ*NM 3-8 ft., yellow, May-June, dry, sun, Silver-dollar cactus fleshy, purplish fruit Op11ntia erinacea Grizzly, Hedgehog, or AZ* 6-24 in., rose to yellow, May-June, dry, Mohave prickly pear sun, spiny fruit Opuntia imbricata Tree cholla, AZ* NM OK* TX To 6 ft., purple-red, May-June, dry, sun Walkingstick cholla Opuntia macrorhiza Common prickly pear AZ* NM OK TX 6-10 in., yellow, May-July, dry, sun, reddish-purple fruit Opuntia phaeacantha Purple-fruited prickly pear AZ*NMTX 3-6 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, dry, sun to part shade Yucca arkansana Arkansas yucca, OKTX 1--6 ft., white to cream-green, May-~ct., Soft leaf yucca dry, sun to part shade Jl1cca baccata Blue yucca, Banana yucca, AZ* NM TX 1-3 ft., white-cream, Apr.-July, dry, sun Fleshy-fruited yucca Yucca brevifo/ia Joshua tree AZ* 15-40 ft., creamy-white, Mar.-May, dry, sun Snu th wc~t Recommended Native Plan t Species List 2001 Page l Prioted ,~n llc"·.:lcd l'21h."( ]Cactus continued. }/1cca elata Soaptree yucca, Palmilla AZ* NM TX 5-20 ft., white-cream, May-June, dry, sun Yitcca gla11ca Yucca, Soapweed AZ NM OK TX 3-6 ft., white-cream, June-Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun Yitcca schottii Hoary yucca, AZNM To 6 ft., white-cream, Apr.-Aug., dry, Mountain yucca sun 1· Ferns Adiantum capillus-veneris Southern maidenhair fem AZ NM OK TX 1 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial shade, ground cover Bot1ychium virginianum Rattlesnake fern NM OK TX 2-3 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, shade Cystopteris bulbifera Bladder fern AZ NM TX 2-4 ft., wet-mesic, shade Cystopteris fragilis Fragile fem AZ NM OK TX 10-12 in., wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial shade Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive fem, Bead fern OKTX 6-36 in., wet to wet-mesic, shade to partial sun Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon fem OKTX 4-6 ft., wet to wet-mesic, shade Osmunda regalis Royal fern OKTX 4-6 ft., wet to wet-rnesic, sun to partial shade Polystichum acrostichoides Christmas fern OKTX 1-3 ft., wet-mesic to rnesic, shade, evergreen ground cover Thelypteris norma/is Southern shield fern, TX 2 1/2-3 ft., wet-mesic, shade to Wood fem, River fern partial shade Woodwardia areolata Netted chain fem TX 1-2 ft., wet, shade, ground cover , Grass-like Juncus interior · Inland rush OKTX 1-2 ft., wet-rnesic to dry, sun Nolina texana Sacahuista, Basket grass, AZ*NM OK*TX 1-2 ft., white, dry, sun Texas beargrass Scirpus va/idus Great bulrush AZ NM OK TX 3-9 ft., wet, sun Typha latifolia Cattail AZ NM OK TX 4-8 ft., wet, sun :I Grasses Agropyron smithii Western wheatgrass AZ NM OK TX 1-2 1/2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun Agrostis exarata Spikebent, Spike red top AZ NM TX 1-3 ft., wet-mesic to rnesic, partial shade Agrostis scabra Ticklegrass, Fly-away grass AZ NM OK TX .2-3 112 ft., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Andropogon gerardii Big bluestem, Turkeyfoot AZ NM OK TX 3-8 ft., wet-mesic to rnesic-dry, sun, fall color Andropogon glomeratus Bushy bluestern OKTX 2-3 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, sun, fall color Andropogon hal/ii Sand bluestem AZ NM OK TX 3-5 ft., dry, sun Andropogon ternarius Splitbeard bluestem OKTX l 112-4 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial shade Aristida longiseta Red three awn AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun Aristida purpurea Purple three awn AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., mesic to dry, sun Bouteloua curtipendula Sideoats grama AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun Bouteloua eriopoda Black grama AZNMOK*TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun Bouteloua gracilis Bluegrama AZ NM OK TX l ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun South west Rerntnnh:nut!d Native Plant Species List 2001 -'\:., l..;1<.f\' Bird J,•lrnNlO \\'t),jfi,.;,,·1 \..<Oh·•· Page 2 P1 in tHl •.•n R"·.:~-d .. ·.f r1<!P..,'J' ~·c . , _.-:, rasscs cont111u12a Bouteloua hirsuta Hairy grama AZ NM OK TX 6-24 in., dry, sun Buch/oe dactyloides Buffalo grass AZ NM OK TX 3-12 in., mesic to dry, sun, soft, gray-green turf Calamagrostis canadensis Bluejoint grass AZNM 3-5 ft ., wet to mesic, sun Chasmanthium latifoliwn Inland sea oats, Wild oats, OKTX 2-4 ft., wet-mesic, sun to partial shade, River oats fall color Dantho11ia califomica California oatgrass AZNM 1-1 1/2 ft., wet-mesic, sun to partial shade Danthonia inlermedia Timber oatgrass AZNM 6-24 in., wet to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Deschampsia caespitosa Tufted hairgrass AZNM 2-3 ft., wet to wet-mesic, sun Distichlis spicata Seashore saltgrass TX Up to 3 ft., wet, sun var. spicala Distichlis stricta Inland saltgrass AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., wet, sun Elymus canadensis .Canada wild rye AZNMOKTX 2-4 ft., mesic to dry, sun to shade Eragrostis intermedia Plains love grass AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesis-dry to dry, sun Eragrostis spectabilis Purple love grass, AZ NM OK TX 8-18 in., mesic-dry to dry, sun Tumblegrass Erianthus giganleus Sugarcane plume grass TX 6-10 ft., wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial shade, fluffy, reddish-peach seed heads Hierochloe odorata Sweet grass AZNM 1-2 ft., wet to mesic, sun Hilaria belangeri Curly mesquite AZ NM TX 2-12 in., mesis-dry to dry, sun Hilaria mulica Tobosa grass AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., mesic to dry, sun Koeleria macrantha June grass AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun Leptochloa dubia Green sprangletop AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, sun Melica nitens Three-flower melic grass OKTX 2-4 fl, mesic to dry, sun Texas crowfoot - Muh/enbergia capillaris Gulf muhly, Hair grass OKTX I 1/2-3 ft., dry, sun, fall color Muhlenbergia lindheimeri Lindheimer's muhly TX 2-4 ft., wet to mesic, Sept-Dec., sun Muhlenbergia montana Mountain muhly AZ NM TX 1-2 1/2 ft., mesic-dry to dry, Sept., sun to partial shade Muhlenbergia porteri Bush muhly AZNM OKTX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, July-Sept., sun Muhlenbergia reverchonii Seep muhly OKTX l-3ft., mesic-dry to dry, July-Sept., sun Muhlenbergia rigida Purple muhly AZNMTX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, Aug.-Nov., sun, purple foliage Muhlenbergia wrightii Spikemuhly AZNM 6-24 in., mesic-dry to dry, sun Oryzopsis hymenoides Indian ricegrass AZ NM TX 1-2 ft., dry, sun · . Panicum obtusum Vine mesquite AZ NM OK TX 10-30 in., wet-mesic to dry, sun Panicum virgatum Switchgrass AZ NM OK TX 3-6 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun Phleum alpinum Alpine timothy AZNM 1 ft., wet to wet-mesic, sun Poa arachnifera Texas bluegrass OKTX 1-3 ft., Mar.-May, mesic-dry, sun Schizachyrium scoparium Little bluestem AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., mesic to dry, sun, fall color Sorghastnim nutans Indian grass AZ NM OK TX 3-8 ft., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun, fall color Southwest R cc\mrnH.'tH.led Native Plant Species List 2.001 \:. Lod\o Bi(d _l,'1ht\,fH\ \\.'ildil,•\\L'r c~mrr Page 3 Printed fH\ HC"~·.:lc-d P~1w1 ·,Gras~cs ~on tin ucd Spartina peclinata Prairie cordgrass, NM OK TX 5-6 ft., wet to mesic, sun Freshwater cordgrass Sporobolus airoides Alkali sacaton AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun Sporobo/us asper Tall dropseed AZ NM OK TX 2-4 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun Sporobo/us cryptandrus Sand dropseed AZNMOKTX 1-3 ft., dry, sun Sporobo/us flexuosus Mesa dropseed AZNMTX 1-3 ft., dry, Sept.-Nov., sun Stipa coma/a Needle-and-thread grass AZ NM OK* TX 2-4 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun Stipa speciosa Desert needlegrass, AZ 1-2 ft., dry, sun Spear grass Trichloris crinita Two-flowered trichloris AZ NM TX 2-4 ft., wet to mesic, Apr.-Sept, sun Tripsacum dactyloides Eastern gamagrass OKTX 2-3 ft., wet to mesic, sun to partial sun Trisetum spicalum Spike trisetum AZNM 6-24 in., wet to mesic, sun Shrubs Abutilon hypoleucum · Rio Grande abutilon TX 3-4 ft., yellow, Mar.-Oct., mesic, sun to partial shade Acacia angustissima Fern acacia, AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., creamy white, May-July, var. hirta White-ball acacia mesic-dry to dry, sun, leaflets sensitive Acacia constricla Whitethom, Mescat acacia AZNMTX 3-9 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic-dry, sun, yellow spines Acacia rigidula Black brush, Gavia TX 3-9 ft., whitish, mesic-dry, sun, Chaparro prieto, Catclaw white bark Acacia roemeriana Roemer acacia, Catclaw TX 3-5 ft., creamy white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun, cat claw-like prickles Acacia wrightii Catclaw, Wright acacia TX 3-6 ft., creamy white, Mar.-Apr., mesic- dry, sun, cat claw-like prickles Ageratina havanense Mistflower, Shrubby boneset TX 1-6 ft., pinkish-white, Oct.-Nov., dry, sun A/nus incana Speckled alder, NM 20-35 ft., deciduous, wet, sun Mountain alder Aloysia gratissima Bee brush, Whitebrush, NMTX Up to 9 ft., white-green, Mar.-Oct., sun, Privet lippia vanilla fragrant blooms Amelanchier utahensis Utah serviceberry AZ NM TX Up to 15 ft., white, Apr.-June, mesic-dry, sun, purple-black fiuit Amorpha fruticosa False indigo, Indigo bush NM OK TX 6-10 ft., purple, June, deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Anisacanthus quadrififus Flame acanthus, TX 2-4 ft., red-orange, June-Aug., mesic- var. wrightii Hummingbird bush dry, sun Anisacanthus thurberi Chuparosa, AZ NM TX 2-8 ft., orange-red, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, Desert honeysuckle white exfoliating bark Arctostaphylos pringlei Pink-bracted manzanita AZ 3-8 ft., rose, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun, dark red fruit Ascyrum hypericoides St. Andrew's cross OKTX 6-36 in., yellow, June-Sept., yellow, dry, sun Atrip/ex canescens Four-wing saltbush, AZ NM OK TX 2-7 ft., mesic-dry ·to dry, sun, dioecious Wingscale Atriplex confertifolia Spiny saltbush, Hop sage AZNMTX 2-3 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun, dioecious Shadscale saltbush Southw~~t R~eornmen ded Native Plant Species List 2001 !.';.' l.:h]~ 'Bird loirn">t1n V\'ildu. "\tr {...:tth·r Page -t Priru.~;J <.:11 H{~c,·.:kd P.1p~ r .'iShrubs continued Atriplex lentiformis Saltbush, Coastal quail bush AZ NM Up to I 0 ft., mesic-dry to dry, sun, silver foliage Baulrinia congesta Orchid tree, TX 6-12 ft., white-light pink, Mar.-May, Anacacho orchid tree mesic-dry to dry, sun, deciduous Bouvardia glaberrima Smooth bouvardia AZNM Up to 3 ft., red, dry, sun Bouvardia ternifo/ia Scarlet bouvardia, AZ NM TX 3-6 ft., red, May-Nov., dry, sun Trompetilla, Clavillo Bumelia lanuginosa Chittamwood, AZ NM OK TX Up to 45 ft., white, May-July, dry, sun to var. oblongifolia Gum elastic tree partial shade Cal/iandra eriophylla Fairy duster, Mesquitilla AZNMTX 10-36 in., red-purple, mesic to dry, sun Callicarpa americana American beautyberry, OKTX Up to 12 ft., blue, pink, red or white, French mulberry mesic to dry, sun, pink-violet fruit Castanea pumila Chinquapin OKTX Up to 30 ft., yellow, June, mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, fall color Ceanothus americanus New Jersey tea, Red root OKTX 2-3 ft., white, June-Aug., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to partial shade, sub-shrub Ceanothus fend/eri Fendler ceanothus, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., white, Apr.-Aug., mesic-dry, sun Buck brush Ceanothus greggii Desert ceanothus AZ NM TX. 3-12 ft., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun var. vestitus Ce/tis pa/Iida Desert hackberry, Granjeno AZ NM TX 9-18 ft., greenish-white, mesic to dry, sun, orange-red fruit Cephalanthus occidentalis Buttonbush OKTX 10-15 ft., white, July-Aug., deciduous, wet to wet-mesic, sun to partial sun, persistent nutlets Cercidium microphyl/11m Foothills palo verde, AZ Up to 18 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, Littleleaf palo verde deciduous, dry, sun, spiny, yellow-green twigs, often leafless Cercidium texanum Palo verde TX Up to 25 ft., yellow, mesic to dry, sun, yellow-green twigs, deciduous Cercocarpus montanus Mountain mahogany, AZ NM OK* TX Up to 12 ft., Apr.-June, dry, sun Silverleaf mountain mahogany Chamaebatiaria millefolium Fembush, Desert sweet, AZ 3-12 ft., white, July-Sept., dry, sun to Tansy bush partial shade Choisya dumosa Mexican orange, NMTX 3-6 ft., white, July-Sept., mesic to dry, StarleafMexican orange sun, aromatic Chrysactinia mexicana Damiani ta NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Apr.-Sept., mesic to dry, sun, evergreen, aromatic Chrysothamnus nauseosus Rabbit brush, Chamisa AZ OK* NM TX Up to 7 ft., yellow, Sept.-Oct, mesic to dry, sun, white felty twigs Colubrina texensis Texas snakewood, TX Up to 15 ft., greenish-white, Apr.-May, Hog plum dry, sun, persistent brown-black fruit Conda/ia hookeri Condalia, Brasil, Bluewood TX Up to 6 ft., dry, sun, red heartwo.od, thorns, dark blue fruit Cornus drummondii Rough-leaf dogwood OKTX Up to 15 ft., white, May-Aug., mesic-dry, sun, white fruit Cowania ericaefolia Heath cliffrose TX Up to 3 ft., white to yellow, dry, sun, evergreen, silvery fruit -South west RcconHn(·nded Native Plant Species List 2.001 Pa~c ':> Prinu!d \~II H<""""l'•:Jr.:d J-'.\i'c-1 .JShrubs continued Cowania mexicana Cliff rose AZ NM 4-10 ft., white, Apr.-July, evergreen, dry, var. stansburiana sun, feathery seed plumes, grayish- peeling bark Crossosoma bigelovii Crossosoma AZ Up to 6 ft ., white, Feb.-Apr., dry, sun Dal ea /ormosa Feather plume, Feather dalea AZNM OK*TX 1-3 ft., rose-yellow, June-Sept., dry, sun Dal ea /rotescens Black dalea NM OK TX 1-3 ft., purple, July-Oct., dry, sun Dalea greggii Indigo bush, Gregg dalea TX 3 ft., reddish-lavender to purple, Mar.- Aug., dry, sun, gray tomentose Dalea scoparia Broom dalea, Broom pea AZNMTX 1-4 ft., white-dark blue, Aug.-Sept., dry, sun Encelia farinosa Brittle bush AZ Up to 3 ft., orange-yellow, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, fragrant resin Ephedra nevadensis Mormon tea AZ Up to 5 ft., Apr., dry, sun Ephedra trifurca Ephedra, Joint fir AZNM TX Up to 6 ft., reddish-brown, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, dioecious, cones Ephedra viridis Mormon tea AZ To 3 ft., vivid green, dry, sun Ericameria laricifolia Larchleaf goldenweed, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., yellow, Oct.-Nov., dry sun Turpentine bush Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat AZ Up to 3 ft., white to pinkish, dry, sun, woolly under leaves, heath-like Erythrina jlabelliformis Western coral bean, AZNM 15-18 ft., bright red, dry, sun, spiny, Indian bean, Chilicote blooms before leaves Erythrina herbacea Coral bean TX Up to 25 ft., scarlet, Apr.-June, dry, sun, persistent foliage Euonymus americanus Strawberry bush, OKTX 6-12 ft., green, May-June, wet-mesic to Brook euonymus, mesic, shade to partial sun, fall color, Hearts-a-bustin red fruit Euonymus atropurpureus Wahoo, Burning bush OKTX 20-25 ft., deciduous, wet to mesic, partial shade to shade, fall color, persistent seeds· Eupatorium odoratum Blue mistflower, Crucita TX 3-6 ft., lilac to blue, Aug.-Sept., mesic, sun, fragrant Eurotia /anata Winterfat AZNM OK*.TX l-3 ft., white, Mar.-June, deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun Eysenhardtia texana Vara dulce, Kidneywood TX Up to 9 ft., white to pale yellow, Apr.- Sept., dry, sun, fragrant Fallugia paradoxa Apache plume AZNMTX 2-6 ft., white, May-Aug., deciduous, dry, sun, semi-evergreen, pink seed-plumes Fend/era ropicola False mock orange, AZNMTX Up to 6 ft., white, Mar.-May, dry, sun, Cliff fendler bush leathery Forestiera acuminata Swamp privet OK TX Up to 30 ft., greenish-yellow, wet-mesic, partial shade, deciduous, dark brown fruit Forestiera neomexicana Desert olive, Elbow-bush, AZ NM OKTX 4-9 ft., deciduous, dry, sun Forestiera Fouquieria splendens Ocotillo AZ NM TX 6-21 ft., red, Mar.-June, dry, sun, slender stems, mostly leafless, spines Southwest Recommended Native Plant Specie:. List 2.001 Page 6 ~~. Ladv HU\I J •. ,h1\~•·1i \\'iklih.l\\,·r (\·nh.T PdnH·d ,rn H. .. · .. ·~·rk·.I T'.;p.:1 ·.Shrubs continued Fraxinus greggii Littleleaf ash, Gregg ash, AZNMTX Up to 25 ft., dry, sun, spiny, nearly Escobilla evergreen, dark gray-black bark Gari)'a wrightii Wright's catclaw, AZNMTX 3-12 ft., May-Aug., dry, sun, dark Wright's silk tassel blue fruit Hamame/is vernalis Vernal witch hazel OKTX Up to 9 ft, yellow-red, Jan.-Apr., wet-mesic, sun to partial shade Hespera/oe.parvijlora Red yucca TX Up to 4 ft., rosy-red, Mar.-July, mesic- dry, sun Hibiscus cardiophyllus Heart-leaf hibiscus TX l-2 ft., crimson-rose/red, Mar.-Oct., dry, Tulipan del monte sun, tomentose, mainly herbaceous Hibiscus denudatus Rock hibiscus AZNMTX 1-2 ft., lavender-purple, Mar.-Oct, dry, sun Holodiscus dumosus Bush rockspirea, AZNMTX Up to 3 ft., white to pink, June-Sept., Cream bush, Ocean spray dry, sun ' /lex verticillata Winterberry, OKTX 3-10 ft., deciduous, wet to mesic-dry, Michigan holly, Black alder shade to partial shade, persistent red berries I/ex vomiloria Yaupon OK•TX 12-25 ft., white, Mar.-May, evergreen, wet to dry, sun to shade, persistent, red berries /tea virginica Sweetspire, Tassel-white OK•TX 6-8 ft., _white, May, deciduous, wet to mesic, partial sun, fall color, semi-evergreen Juniperus monosperma One-seed juniper AZNMOK•TX Up to 18 ft, dry, sun, evergreen, blue- black fruit Justica califomica Chuparosa AZ 4 ft, red, mesic-dry to dry, sun Lantana urticoides Trailing lantana, TX Up to 6 ft., yellow-oran~e-red, wet to Calico bush dry, sun, black fruit Larrea tridentata Creosote bush AZNMTX Up to 9 ft, yellow, Feb.-Aug., dry, sun, gray bark, creosote scent Leucophyllum f rutescens Cenizo, Texas sage, TX 6-8 ft., purple, year-round, dry, sun, Purple sage tomentose Lindera benwin Spicebush OKTX 3-12 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, partial shade, glossy red fiuit Lanicera albijlora White honeysuckle OKTX Up to 8 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, orange fruit, twining Lycium andersonii Anderson wolfberry AZNM 1-9 ft., purple-white, Jan.-May, dry, sun, spines, red fruit Mahonia f remontii Fremont barberry, AZNM 3-15 ft., yellow, May-July, mesic-dry, Holly grape sun, evergreen, blue-black fruit Mahonia haematocarpa Red barberry AZ NM TX 3-12 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, red fiuit Mahonia repens Creeping barberry, AZNMTX 1-3 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, evergreen, Oregon grape mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, purpl: fruit, winter color Mahonia trifolio/ata Agarito, Trifoliate barberry AZNMTX Up to IO ft., yellow, Feb.-Apr., dry, sun, red aromatic fruit, evergreen Southwest Recommended Native Plant Spc;>cies List 2001 Page 7 Pri11l\'\I 1•n Tt,·,·~d\·.I f'.tp .. ·i· ~JShruhs con tinu ed Malvaviscus arboreus Turk's-cap mallow, TX Up to 9 ft., red, year-round, wet-mesic, var. drummondii Texas wax mallow, sun to partial shade Mexican apple, Manzanilla Mimosa borealis Pink mimosa, NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., pink, Apr.-July, mesic-dry, Fragrant mimosa sun Myrica cerifera Wax myrtle, Candleberry OKTX 6-12 ft., evergreen, wet to dry, sun to Southern bayberry partial sun, whitish bark Parthenium incanum Mario la AZ NM TX 1-3 ft., white, June-Sept., dry, sun, aromatic Pilhecellobium flexicaule Texas ebony, Ebano TX Up to 30 ft., white-yellow, Apr.-July, part'ial shade, dark bark, red seeds Poliomintha incana · Mintbush AZ NM TX Up to 2 ft., lavender to white, Apr.-June, dry, sun Potenlilla fruticosa Potentilla, AZNM 3-4 ft., yellow, June-Sept, deciduous, Shrubby cinquefoil wet to dry, sun Prosopsis glandulosa Honey mesquite AZ NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., yellowish-white, Apr.-May, mesic-dry to dry, sun Prunus gracilis Oklahoma plum OKTX Up to 4 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic, sun to part shade, yellow-red fruit Prunus virginiana Chokecherry AZ NM OK TX 30-50 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous, mesic-dry, sun to shade, dark-purple fruit Psiloslrophe cooperi Paperflower, NMAZ Up to 2 ft., yellow paper-like, Apr.-Oct., Yellow paper daisy dry, sun, white stems Purshia lridenlala Antelope brush AZNM 2-10 ft., yellow, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun Quercus turbine/la Shrub live oak AZ NM TX Up to 15 ft., yellow-green catkins, mesic-dry, sun, evergreen, acorns Rhododendron canescens Piedmont azalea, OKTX 10-15 ft., white to pink, Feb.-May, Sweet azalea deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial shade Rhododendron oblongifolium Texas azalea OKTX 1-5 ft., reddish, Mar., mesic-dry, sun, deciduous, reddish brown stems Rims aromalica Fragrant sumac OKTX 6-12 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry, sun, fall color, persistent berries Rhus choriophylla Evergreen sumac AZ NM TX Up to 9 ft., white, July-Aug., dry, sun Rhus copallina Shining sumac, OKT'x 20-35 ft., deciduous, dry, sun, fall color, Flameleaf sumac, persistent red fruit Winged sumac Rhus glabra Smooth sumac AZ NM OK TX 10-20 ft., deciduous, dry, sun, fall color, persistent berries Rhus lanceolala Prairie flameleaf sumac, NM OK*TX Up to 30 ft., greenish-white, July-Aug., Lanceleaf sumac dry, sun Rhus microphylla Desert sumac, AZNM OK*TX Up to 15 ft., white, Mar.-May, dry, sun Littleleaf sumac, Correosa Rhus ova/a Sugar bush, Sugar sumac AZ 10-15 ft., light yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun, dark red, hairy fruit Rhus virens Evergreen sumac, TX Up to 12 ft., white, July-Sept., dry, sun to Tobacco sumac partial shade Sou thwe~c Recommended Native Plant Species Li.st 2.001 :\:. l..id,· l3ird Jt,lrn"tflU \Vildflflni.·r Center Page 8 PrimC"d ~m H"·"·~d\·,f J'.tfh.:1 jShrubs continued Ribes aureum Golden currant \ AZNM 3-6 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, orange berries Ribes cereum Wax currant, AZ NM OK* 3-6 ft., pink, Apr.-July, mesic-dry, sun to Western red currant, partial shade Squaw currant Ribes odoratum Buffalo currant, OKTX 6-12 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous, Golden currant mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, fall color, black berries Robinia neomexicana New Mexico locust, AZ NM TX Up to 24 ft., rose, Apr.-Aug., mesic, sun, Mescal bean flat pods Rosa arizonica Arizona wild rose AZNM Up to 3 ft., pink, May-July, mesic, sun, small curved prickles Rosa arkansana Prairie rose NM OK TX Up to 6 ft., pink, May-Aug., dry, sun var. suffulta Rosa carolina Carolina rose OKTX 1-3 ft., pink, May-June, deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to shade Rosa setigera Illinois rose OKTX 2-6 ft., deep pink, June-July, deciduous, var. tomenlosa mesic to dry, sun Rosa stellala Desert rose, Star rose AZNMTX 16-24 in., rose-purple, June-Sept., dry, sun Rubus occidentalis Black raspberry, OK 3-7 ft., whitish. Apr.-May, mesic-dry, Thimbleberry sun to partial shade, black aromatic berry Rubus parviflorus Western thirnbleberry AZNM 3-6 ft., white, June-July, mesic, sun to partial shade, unarmed, red berries Rubus slrigosus Red raspberry AZNM Up to 6 ft., white, May-July, mesic-dry to dry, sun Sabal minor Dwarf palmetto OK*TX 5-10 ft., white, Apr.-June, evergreen, wet to wet-mesic, shade to sun, black fruit Salvia greggii Autumn sage TX Up to 3 ft., red-purple, Mar.-May, dry, sun Salvia reg/a Royal sage, Mountain sage TX Up to 6 ft., red, June-Sept., dry, sun to partial shade Sambucus canadensis Elderberry, Common elder OKTX 10-12 ft., white, June-July, deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, shade to sun, bluish-black berries Sambucus mexicana Mexican elderberry AZNMTX l 0-20 ft., white to yellow, Mar.-Sept., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to partial shade, bluish-black berries Senna wislizenii Shrubby senna, AZNMTX 4-9 ft., yellow, May-July, dry, sun, dark Canyon senna branches Shepherdia argentea Silver buffaloberry AZNM 6-20 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun, yellow to red berries Sophora affinis Eve's necklace OKTX 6-30 ft., white to rosy-pink, Apr.-May, dry, sun, deciduous, black leathery "fruit Sophora secundiflora Mountain laurel, NMTX Up to 35 ft., violet, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, Mescal bean evergreen, attractive pod Sorbus dumosa Mountain ash AZNM 3-15 ft., white, June, dry, sun to partial shade South>vcsl Rci:ommendcd Native Planl Speci es List 2001 !.-! L.1d\ l\irJ J(•hn~,·n \VilJfltwer c~''"~' P age 9 Pri11kd ''n 1'-\'-•:u.·l~d P·Jpc-r ~Shrubs conti nued Symphoricmpos orbiculatus Coralberry, Indian currant OKTX 4-6 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, partial sun, coral-pink to purple berries Tecoma stans Yellow bells AZ NM TX Up to 20 ft., yellow, Apr.-Nov., dry, sun Vaccinium arboreum Sparkleberry, Farkleberry OKTX 12-15+ ft., white, Mar.-May, deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, partial sun, persistent, black berries, fall color Vauquelinia angustifolia Chisos rosewood, Guauyul TX Up to 30 ft., white, June-Aug., dry, sun. evergreen Vauquelinia californica Arizona rosewood AZ Up to 20 ft., white, June, dry, sun, evergreen Viburnum nudum Possumhaw viburnum TX Up to 20 ft., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic, sun to partial shade, blue fruit Viburnum prunifolium Black haw OKTX 20-35 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous, mesic to dry, sun, dark blue berries, fall color Viburnum rufidulum Rusty black haw OKTX Up to 40 ft., white, Mar.-May, mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial shade, deciduous, brown bark, blue-black fruit Jliguiera stenoloba Skeleton-leaf goldeneye NMTX Up to 4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., dry, sun Zinnia grandiflora Rocky Mountain zinnia, AZNMOKTX 2-1 Oin., yellow, July-Oct., dry, sun Yellow zinnia, Plains zinnia , Trees Abies concolor Western white fir AZNM 50-150 ft., evergreen, mesic-dry to dry, sun, whitish bark, silvery blue- green needles Acacia farnesiana Huisache, Sweet acacia AZ NM TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, Feb.-Mar., mesic- dry to dry, sun, fragrant Acer glabrum Rocky Mountain maple AZNM 20-25 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial shade, fall color Acer grandidentatum Bigtooth maple AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic, sun, red or yellow fall color Acer negundo Box elder AZNMOKTX Up to 75 ft., Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun Acerrubrum Red maple OKTX 60-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, shade to partial sun, fall color Aescu/us arguta White buckeye, OKTX 20-35 ft., yellow, Mar-Apr., dry, sun, Texas buckeye fruit Aesculus pavia var. pavia Red buckeye OKTX I 0-15+ ft., red, Mar.-May, deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, shade to sun Arbutus arizonica Arizona madrone AZNM 40-50 ft., white-pink, May, dry, sun, evergreen, exfoliating bark, dark orange fruit Arbutus xa/apensis Texas madrone NMTX Up to 30 ft., white-pink tinged, Feb.-Apr., dry, sun, evergreen, red bark . ,. Betula occidentalis Mountain birch, AZNM 20-30 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic, sun to Water birch partial shade, fall color Cwya cordiformis Bitternut, Swamp hickory OKTX Up to 100 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, wet- mesic, sun to partial shade, edible nuts So uthwe:-.t Re1:ornmendeJ Native Plant Species Li st 2L)0J :f' J.: .... h nirlf Johth;in ~:il{ifl,,,,q r ( .. :nh't' l)age 10 Prin11. . ._I <111 Htn ... ·lnl Porr<·r Carya illinoinensis Pecan OKTX Up to 150 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, wet- mesic, sun, deciduous, edible nut Caryaovata Shagbark hickory OKTX 75-100 ft., deciduous, mesic to mesic- dry, sun to partial shade, shaggy bark, edible nuts Carya texana Black hickory OKTX Up to 80 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial shade, dark bark, edible nuts Carya tomen/osa Mockernut hickory OKTX Up to 100 ft., yellow-green, Apr.-May, mesic to dry, sun, edible nuts Ce/tis laevigata Sugarberry, Hackberry, OKTX 60-80 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, Palo Blanco sun to partial sun, orange-red fruit Ce/tis occidentalis Hackberry, Sugarberry OKTX 60-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Ce/tis reticu/ata Netleaf hackberry AZNMOKTX Up to 30 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial sun Cercidium jloridum Blue palo vercle AZ 20-30 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, deciduous, dry, sun, blue-green bark, often leafless Cercis canadensis Redbud OKTX 15-30 ft., pink, Apr.-May, deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, shade to partial sun Chilopsis linearis Desert willow, AZNMTX 15-30 ft., pink, May-Sept., deciduous, Trumpet flower mesic-dry, sun Chionanthus virginicus Fringe tree, OK*TX 15-25 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous, Old man's beard wet to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Cotinus obovatus Smoke tree OKTX Up to 35 ft., green-yellow, Apr.-May, mesic-dry, sun, purple fruiting structures Crataegus marshal/ii Parsley hawthorn OKTX Up to 20 ft., white, May-June, mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, red edible fruit Crataegus mo/lis Downy hawthorn OK 35-50 ft., white, May-June, deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial sun, red fruit, thorns, horizontal branching Cupressus arizonica Arizona cypress AZNMTX Up to 90 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun, evergreen, cones Diospyros texana Texas or Mexican TX 40-100 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, rnesic to persimmon, Chapote dry, sun, deciduous, persistent orange-red fruit Diospyros virginiana Persimmon OKTX 40-70 ft., yellow, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to dry, sun, orange, edible fruit Ehretia anacua Anacua, Knock-away TX Up to 50 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, Sandpaper tree sun, semi-evergreen, yellow-orange, edible fruit Fraxinus americana Whiteash OKTX 75-120 ft., deciduous, rnesic to mesic- dry, sun to partial shade Fraxinus berlandieriana Mexican ash, Fresno NMTX Up to 30 ft., green, Apr.-May, mesic, sun, deciduous, dioecious Fraxinus cuspidata Flowering ash AZNMTX Up to 20 ft., white, Apr.-May, dry, sun, fragrant Fraxinus pensylvanica Green ash OKTX 50-75 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Southwest R ecommended Native Plant Species List 2001 p l.:-t.ly llird h~hn~1n \\·11dt)l.,, .. : r ci..'lH\.'T' Page 11 P1in1.·,l t~11 n.\ nd~·d T'."'~ r ~T . J recs cont1nucu Fraxinus texe11sis Texas ash TX Up to 50 ft., purplish, Mar., mesic-dry, sun, deciduous Fraxinus velutina Arizona ash, Velvet ash, AZ NM TX 40 ft., deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun, Desert ash fall color Gleditsia triacanthos Thomless common OKTX 50-75 ft., wet-mesic to dry, sun to var. inennis honeylocust partial sun flex decidua Possum haw OKTX 15-30 ft., white, Mar.-May, deciduous, wet to dry, partial sun, persistent, red berries Jug/ans major Arizona walnut AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Apr., mesic to dry, sun, deciduous, edible nuts Jug/ans microcarpa Texas walnut, River walnut, NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr., mesic to Little walnut dry, sun, deciduous Jug/ans nigra Black walnut OKTX 100-125 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun, edible nuts Juniperus ashei Ashe juniper NM OK TX Up to 30 ft., mesic-dry, sun, evergreen, blue-green fruit Juniperus deppeana Alligator juniper AZNMTX Up to 65 ft., Jan.-Mar., mesic-dry, sun, evergreen, reddish-brown fruit Juniperus osteosperma Utah juniper AZNM Up to 25 ft., dry, sun, evergreen, red- brown fruit Juniperus pinchotii Red-berry juniper NM OK TX Up to 25 ft., dry, sun, red fruit Juniperus scop11lorum Rocky Mountain juniper AZNM OK*TX Up to 50 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, blue fruit Juniperus virginiana Eastern red cedar OKTX 30-80 ft., evergreen, mesic-dry to dry, sun Leucaena retusa Goldenball leadtree TX Up to 25 ft., yellow, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun, brown fruit Liquidambar styraci.Jlua Sweet gum OKTX 60-75 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, fall color, persistent fruit Magnolia grandijlora Southern magnolia TX 50+ ft., white, May-June, evergreen, wet-mesic to mesic, partial shade to sun, red berries Magnolia virginiana Sweetbay, Swampbay TX 12-2o+ ft., white, May-June, deciduous, wet, partial shade, red fruits, semi- evergreen foliage Ma/us angustifolia Southern crabapple, TX Up to 25 ft., white to pink, May-June, Wild crabapple mesic, sun to part shade, pale green-yellow fruit, fragrant Ma/us ioensis Prairie crabapple OK 20-35 ft., white-pink, May-June, · deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun Nyssa sylvatica Black gum, Tupelo OKTX 30-60 ft., deciduous, wet to dry, partial var. sylvatica shade to sun, fall color Olneya tesola Ironwood, Tesota AZ 30 ft., rose-purple, Apr.-May, evergreen, dry, sun Ostrya virginiana Ironwood, Hophornbeam OKTX 30-50 ft., deciduous, mesic to mesic-dry, shade to partial shade Southwest Rei:ommen.ded Nati\'C Planl Species List 2001 ·!.~ 1..-:d\' Oir.:J J~-.hnio\ln \Vih.if!n·wt:r Ccnrer Page 12 I 1rin!1..•J \"•f1 R~C\dt-d P~1,er lTrecs continncd Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce AZNM 75-100 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to mesic, partial sun, blue-green needles Picea pzmgens Blue spruce, AZNM Up to 150 ft., reddish, Apr.-May, mesic Colorado spruce to dry, sun, chestnut-brown cone, silver-white to blue needles Pinus aristata Bristlecone pine AZ*NM Up to 50 ft., orange-red/purple, July, mesic to dry, sun, white lined needles with resin, violet to brown-red cone Pinus cembroides Mexican pinyon AZ NM TX Up to 50 ft., dry, sun, blue-green foliage, red-brown cones Pinus echinata Shortleaf pine OKTX 50-100 ft., evergreen, dry, sun to partial shade Pinus edulis Pinyon pine, AZ NM OK* TX 10-30 ft., evergreen, dry, sun to partial Colorado pinyon shade Pinus flexilis Limber pine AZNM 40-70 ft., red-purple, June, dry, sun, evergreen, light brown cone Pinus palustris Longleaf pine TX 80-l 00 ft., evergreen, dry, sun Pinus ponderosa Ponderosa pine AZNM OK*TX 60-100 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to dry, sun Pinus strobiformis Southwestern white pine AZ NM TX 40-70 ft., red-purple, June, dry, sun, blue-green foliage, evergreen Pinus taeda Loblolly pine OKTX 6o+ ft., evergreen. wet-mesic to mesic- dry, sun to partial shade Platanus occidentalis Sycamore, Plane-tree OKTX 75-100 ft., deciduous, wet to wet-mesic, sun to partial sun, persistent fruits Platanus wrightii Arizona sycamore, Alamo AZNM Up to 80 ft., green-red, Mar., mesic to dry, sun, persistent fruit, deciduous Populus deltoides Eastern cottonwood OKTX 100 ft., deciduous, wet to wet-mesic, sun Popu/us fremontii Western cottonwood AZ NM TX Up to 90 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic, sun, fall color Popu/us tremuloides Quaking aspen AZ NM OK TX 35-50 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic- dry, sun, fall color Prosopsis pubescens Tornillo, AZ NM TX Up to 30 ft., yellow, May-July, Screwbean mesquite deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to partial sun Prunus americana Wild plum NMOK 20-35 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous, mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial sun, red fruit Prunus angustifolia Chickasaw plum OKTX Up to 25 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, sun, red-brown twigs, deciduous, red/yellow fruit Pnmus mexicana Mexican plum OKTX 25-35 ft., white, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry to dry, sun, purple-red fruit, deciduous Prunus serotina Black cherry OKTX 50-60 ft., white, Apr.-May, deciduous, mesic to mesic-dry, sun to parti~l s,un, dark-red fruit Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir AZ NM TX 15-150 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, variable according to habitat Southwest Recommended Native Plant Species List 200_1 Page 13 ·~, 1 .. 1d\· Hin.I J••hm•JO \\'ildfl<'"\'T Cc.·n1t:r 11ri11t"d ,•n Tt,·,:~rl•.'l.I Pa_p ... ·J· 1Trces continued Ptelea trifoliata Wafer ash, OKTX Up to 25 ft., green-white, Mar.-July, Common hoptree dry to dry, sun Quercus alba White oak OKTX 80-100 ft., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun Quercus arizonica Arizona white oak AZ NM TX Up to 40 ft., yellow, dry, sun, evergreen or deciduous, acorn Quercus emoryi Emory oak, Blackjack oak AZNMTX Up to 60 ft., yellow, dry, sun, semi- evergreen, dark brown to black bark, acorn Quercus fa/ca/a Southern red oak, OKTX Up to 80 ft., reddish, Mar.-May, mesic- Spanish oak dry, sun, deciduous, orange-brown fruit Quercus fusiform is Escarpment live oak TX 20-40 ft., mesic-dry, sun, black bark, dull brown acorns Quercus gambelii Gambel's oak, AZNM OK*TX Up to 50 ft., brown, May, mesic-dry, sun, Rocky Mountain white oak deciduous, orange-brown fruit Quercus glaucoides Lacey oak TX 45 ft., Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, gray-green foliage, light brown acorn Quercus gravesii Graves' oak, Chisos red oak TX Up to 40 ft., red, dry, sun, light brown acorn Quercus grisea Gray oak, AZNMTX 10-65 ft., dry, sun, gray-green foliage, Mexican blue oak light brown acorn Quercus lyrata Overcup oak OKTX Up to 100 ft., yellow, Mar.-Apr.,wet- mesic, sun, covered chestnut brown acorn Quercus macrocarpa Bur oak OKTX 80-100 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, sun Quercus marilandica Blackjack oak TXOK Up to 60 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, deciduous, light brown acorn Quercus muhlenbergii Chinkapin oak, OKTX Up to 60 ft., yellow, dry, sun, deciduous, Chestnut oak brown fruit Quercus phellos Willow oak OKTX 6o+ ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial sun, fall color Quercus shumardii Shumard oak OKTX Up to 120 ft., brown-greenish red, Mar.- Apr., wet-mesic. to mesic, sun to part shade Quercus stel/ata Post oak OKTX Up to 75 ft., yellow, Mar.-May, mesic- dry, deciduous, red-brown acorns Quercus texana Texas red oak, Spanish oak TX Up to 35 ft., reddish-brown, Mar.-Apr., sun, red fall color, deciduous, reddish acorn Quercus virginiana Live oak, Coastal live oak, OK*TX 40-80 ft., evergreen, wet-mesic to dry, sun Southern live oak Rhamnus caroliniana Carolina buckthorn OKTX 12-15 ft., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to mesic, partial sun to shade, red berries, fall color Salix nigra Black willow OKTX Up to 125 ft., yellow catkin, Apr.-May, wet-mesic, sun, deciduous . Sapindus drummondii Soapberry NM OK TX Up to 50 ft, white, May-June, wet-mesic, sun, white-yellow or black fruit Sassafras albidum Sassafras OKTX 35-50 ft., yellow, Apr.-May, deciduous, wet to dry, sun, fall color Soudnve::;t RecommendeJ Native Plant Species List 2001 Page 1-1- :("· l.:i,.I} Tiinl ]<1irnst11\ \\:ildt!.-,..~; r (.; ... ·1111.:r r,;nr··~I {tH R\-C\\.·lu.I r.1r,·r ]Trees continued Taxodium disticlmm Bald cypress OK*TX 50-75 ft., deciduous, wet to mesic, sun to partial sun, fall color, buttressed trunk, exfoliating bark U/mus americana American elm OKTX Up to 120 ft., red to green, Feb.-Apr., wet-mesic, sun Ulmus crassifo/ia Cedar elm OKTX Up to 90 ft., red to green, July, mesic-dry to dry, red corky wings on twigs U/mus rubra Red elm, Slippery elm OKTX Up to 75 ft., yellow-red, Feb.-Apr., mesic to dry, sun Ungnadia speciosa Mexican buckeye NMTX To 30 ft., rose, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry to dry, sun, mottled gray-brown bark, red-brown fruit W ines Campsis radicans Trumpet creeper, OKTX Up to 30 ft., red-brown, July-Sept., aerial Trumpet vine roots, deciduous Celas/rus scandens American bittersweet OKTX Up to 30 ft., deciduous, mesic to dry, sun to shade, orange fruit Clematis ligusticifolia Clematis AZNM 2o+ ft., creamy-white, Mar.-Aug., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, silky seed plumes Clematis pitcheri Leather flower, OKTX To I 0 ft., purple-red, June-Aug., sun to Purple clematis partial shade Gelsemium sempervirens Yellow jessamine, TX 10-20 ft., yellow, Feb.-May, evergreen, Carolina jessaniine wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to shade Lonicera sempervirens Coral honeysuckle OKTX 3-20 ft., red-orange, Jul.-Aug., deciduous, wet-mesic to dry, partial shade to sun, red berries, climber or ground cover Maurandya anlirrhinijlora Snapdragon vine AZ NM TX 3+ ft., yellow-white, Feb.-Oct, dry, sun Parthenocissus inserta Woodbine NM OK TX 3-40 ft., May-July, mesic-dry, sun to partial shade, climber, blue-black berry ParJhenocissus quinquefolit Virginia creeper OKTX 3-40 ft., deciduous, wet-mesic to mesic- dry, shade to sun, black berries, fall color, climber or ground cover Vitis arizonica Arizona grape, Canyon grape AZ NM TX Up to 8 ft., mesic-dry, deciduous, edible black fruit Vitis riparia Riverbank grape NM OK TX Up to 35 ft., mesic-dry to dry, fragrant, purple-black edible fruit Vitis rotundifolia Muscadine grape OKTX Up to 100 ft., wet to mesic, shade, edible purple-black fruit, climber Wisteria macroslachya Kentucky Wisteria OK*TX Up to 30 ft., Mar.-July, white to purple, wet-mesic, partial shade Herbaceous (wildflowers) Abronia fragrans Sand verbena, AZ NM OK TX Up to 10 ft., white, Apr.-Sept., d_ry~ sun, Fragrant verbena, Snowball fragrant night blooming, annual Agoseris cuspidata Prairie dandelion NM OK TX Up to 6 in., yellow, Apr.-May, mesic-dry, sun, perennial Allium cernuum Nodding onion AZ MN OK TX 1-2 ft., pink, July-Aug., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Southwest RecommendeJ Nati\'e Plant Specie!i List 2001 Page 15 1,." I di..ly Rirtf ]t.'l'°"'-'Jl 'Vildil._1\\u· l.\•11tl r Print .. ·:! t'n Rt.n ·t:kd P;,~ r JHcrhaccous (wildflowers) continued Allium macropeta/11111 Desert onion AZ NM TX Up to 8 in., pink/reddish, Mar.-May, dry, sun, perennial Allium stellatum Prairie onion OK TX 1-2 ft., pink-lavender, July-Aug., mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Amblyolepis setigera Huisache daisy, TX 6-30 in., yellow, Mar.-May, wet-mesic to Honey daisy dry, sun, annual, fragrant Amsonia ciliata Blue funnel lily, Blue star OKTX 2-4 ft., blue, Mar.-May, mesic-dry to dry Anemone cy/indrica Thimbleweed AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white, May-July, mesic to dry, sun to partial shade Antennaria spp. Pussytoes, Everlasting AZ NM OK TX 2-12 in., white, May, mesic-dry to dry, sun, ground cover Aphanostephus skirrhobasis Lazy daisy OKTX 2-18 in., white, Apr.-July, dry, sun, annual Apocynum Spreading dogbane AZNMOKTX Up to 2 ft., pink/white, Apr.-July, dry, androsaemifolium sun to partial shade, dark green drooping foliage, fragrant Aquilegia caerulea Rocky Mountain columbine AZNM To 30 in., blue/white, July, mesic-dry, sun Aquilegia canadensis Columbine OKTX 1-2 ft., red & yellow, May-June, mesic to mesic-dry, partial shade to sun Aquilegia chrysantha Yellow columbine AZ NM TX To 3.5 ft., yellow, July-Aug., mesic-dry, sun Argemone albiflora White prickly poppy OKTX To 4 ft., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun, ssp. texana prickly, yellow latex, annual Arisaema triphyllum Jack-in-the-pulpit, OKTX 1-2 ft., green, May-June, wet-mesic, Indian turnip partial shade, red berries Arnica cordifolia Heartleaf arnica AZNM Up to 18 in., yellow, May-Aug., mesic- dry, sun to parital shade Arlemisia ludoviciana White sage, Prairie sage, AZNMOK TX 2-18 in., white, July-Sept., mesic-dry to Artemisia dry, gray foliage, perennial Asclepias asperu/a Antelope horns AZNMOKTX To 8 in., yellow/green/purple, Apr.-Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun, perennial Asclepias incarnata Swamp milkweed OK NM TX 2-4 ft., reddish-purple, June-Aug., wet to mesic, sun to partial sun, perennial Asclepias speciosa Showy milkweed AZ NM OK TX To 3 ft., purple-rose, May-Sept., mesic- dry, sun, tomentose, perennial Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly weed AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., orange, June-July, mesic-dry to dry, sun, perennial Aster bigelovii Plains aster, Tanfy aster AZNM 24-36 in., purple, Aug.-Nov., mesic-dry to dry, sun, annual or biennial Aster ericoides Heath aster, NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white, Sept.-Oct., mesic to White wreath aster dry, sun Aster oolentangiensis Sky blue aster OKTX 1-3 ft., lavender-blue, Sept., mesic to mesic-dry, sun Astragalus canadensis Milk vetch, OKTX 1-4 ft., green-white, June-July, dry; sun Canada milk vetch Bahia absinthifolia Bahia, Yerba raton AZ NM TX 2-14 in., yellow, Apr.-Sept., mesic-dry, sun Southwest Recomm.:nJed Native Plant Species List 2001 . Page 16 ~\:°, l ..;1dv P.1ri.I J •. •hm1.m \\'11,lfh~~~~·t (\ou·r Prfottd .. ~n n ... ·..:ydi.·ll Pap~·1 ~Herbaceous (,,·ilJflmvcrs) ·ontinucd Baileya multiradiata Desert marigold AZ NM TX Up to 20 in., yellow, Apr.-Sept., dry, sun, annual Baptisia alba White false indigo OK TX 2-5 ft., white, June-July, wet-mesic to dry, sun to _partial sun Baptisia leucophaea Cream false indigo, OK TX 1-3 ft., white, June, mesic to dry, sun to Plains wild indigo partial sun Berlandiera /yrata Chocolate flower AZ NM TX Up to 20 in., yellow/brown/white, Apr.- July, mesic-dry, sun Brodiaea pulchella Wild hyacinth AZ•NM 6-16 in., violet, Mar.-May, dry, sun Callirhoe digitata Finger poppy mallow OKTX 1-4 ft., white to purple-red, May-June, sun Callirhoe involucrata Purple poppy mallow, NM OK TX 6-24 in., magenta, May-July, mesic-dry Winecup to dry, sun Calochortus kennedyi Desert mariposa, AZ• 6-8 in., orange, Mar.-May, dry, sun Flame mariposa Calochortus nuttallii Sego lily, Mariposa lily AZ•NM 1.5 ft., white/lilac/yellow, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun Calylophus b~rlandieri Square-bud primrose, OK NM TX 1.5 ft., yellow, May-June, dry, sun, annual Sundrops or perennial Camassia sci/loides Wil~ hyacinth OKTX 1-2 ft., purple, Mar.-June, wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial sun Carex texensis Texas caric sedge OKTX 10-30 cm, Mar.-May, dry, sun Castilleja chromosa Desert paintbrush AZNM 4-16 in., red, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun Castilleja confusa Indian paintbrush AZNM 6-24 in., red-orange, June-Sept., moist to mesic, sun Castilleja indivisa Indian paintbrush OKTX 6-12 in., orange-red, Apr.-May, dry, sun, annual Castilleja integra Indian paintbrush AZ NM TX 6-12 in., cerise, Mar.-Sept., dry, sun, white stems Castilleja /inariaefolia Indian paintbrush AZNM 24-36 in., red, May-Sept., wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial shade Castilleja sessilijlora Downy painted cup AZ NM OK TX 6-12 in., yellow-purple, Mar-Sept., dry, sun, annual Centaurea americana Basket flower AZ NM OK TX Up to 6 fl, rose, Apr.-July, dry, sun, annual Chamaecrista fasciculata Partridge pea, OKTX 1-1 ft., yellow, July-Sept., mesic-dry to Sensitive plant dry, partial sun, annual Chrysopsis villosa Golden aster AZNMOKTX 6-20 in., yellow, June-Oct., dry, sun Claytonia virginica Spring beauty OKTX 4-12 in., white-pink, Jan.-May, wet- (narrow-leaved) mesic to mesic, partial shade to shade C/eome serru/ata Rocky Mountain beeplant AZ NM OK TX 2-5 ft., deep pink, mesic-dry, sun, annual Commelina dianthifolia Dayflower AZNM Up to 6 in., purple, July-Sept., dry, sun Cooperia pedunculata Rain lily TX Up to 8 in., white, Mar.-Aug., mesic to dry, sun Coreopsis grandiflora Coreopsis OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, May, dry, sun to partial shade, annual or perennial Southwest Rccornnwndcd Native Plant Species Lir;t Z001 f} Lad\' Bird .J,~!m'"'n \\'il.:H!~H'..::r t't•11kr Page 17 Printed m\ Rcc-,•..:l~<l l'.ifX:' JHerbaceuus (\vildflo-wers) con.tin ued Coreopsis lanceolata Lance-leaved coreopsis NM OK TX I 1/2-2 ft., yellow, July-Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial sun Coreopsis tinctoria Tickseed, Goldenwave, NM OK TX Up to 4 ft., red/purple/yellow, June-Aug., Plains coreopsis, Calliopsis wet-mesic to dry, annual Delphinium barbeyi Subalpine larkspur AZNM 24-36 in., purple, July-Aug., wet to wet-mesic, shade Delphinium carolinianum Blue larkspur OKTX Up to 3 ft., blue-violet, Apr.-June, mesic- dry, sun Delphinium parishii Desert larkspur, AZ 6-24 in., blue-lavender, Apr.-June, dry, Paleface delphinium sun Delphinium scaposum Barestem larkspur AZNM Up to 24 in., blue, Mar.-May, dry, sun Delphinium virescens Prairie larkspur AZ NM OK TX 1-4 ft., white with purple, June-July, mesic to dry, sun Desmodium canadense Tick-trefoil OK 2-6 ft., pink, June-Sept., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial sun Desmodium illinoense Illinois tick-trefoil OKTX Up to 3 ft., purple, June-Sept., dry, sun to partial shade Dithyrea wislizenii Spectacle pod NMTX Up to 18 in., white, Mar.-July, dry, sun to partial shade, annual Dyssodia tagetoides Marigold Dogweed AZ NM TX 18-36 in., yellow, Mar.-Dec., mesic-dry, annual Echinacea angustifo/ia Narrow-leaved NM OK TX I 1/2-3 ft., pink-lavender, June-Aug., purple coneflower mesic-dry to dry, sun &hinacea purpurea Purple coneflower OKTX 2-5 ft., purple, June-Sept., wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial sun Engelmannia pinnatijida Engelmann daisy NMOKTX Up to 3 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, dry, sun Epi/obium angustifolium Fireweed, Willow herb AZNM 3-8 ft., pink-lavender, June-Aug., wet- mesic to mesic-dry, sun Erigeron modes/us Prairie fleabane AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., white, May-Aug., dry, sun Erigeron speciosus Showy fleabane NMAZ 2-3 ft.; blue, June-Aug., wet-mesic to dry, sun Eriogonum inf/alum Desert trumpet AZ 1-2 ft., yellow-green, Mar.-Oct., dry, sun, annual Eriogonum racemosum Red root buckwheat AZNM· 6-12 in., white-pink, July-Oct., dry, sun Eriogonum wrightii Wright buckwheat AZ NM TX 24-36 in., white, July-Sept., dry, sun Erodium texanum Fillaree, Stork's bill AZ TX NM Up to I ft., purple-red, Mar.-Apr., dry, sun, annual Eryngium leavenworthii Leavenworth eryngo OKTX Up to 3 ft., purple, July-Sept., dry, sun, annual Eryngium yuccifolium Rattlesnake master, OKTX 4-6 ft., green-white, July-Aug., wet- Button snake-root mesic to mesic-dry, sun, unique flower heads Erysimum capitatum Western wallflower, AZ NM TX 1-2 ft., cream-white, Apr.-July, dry, sun, Prairie rocket biennial Eschscholzia mexicana Mexican gold poppy AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., orange/yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun, annual Southwest R~('ommcndC'd Nati\'C Plant Species List 2001 ·!'} L.:zdy n;rJ j\'hm\•ll \\-il:.ftltl\\,•I \ "1'1\h!r Page 18 P1in1c-<l l•n l~et:\d;:;.f P.::irc-r .. Herbaceous (wildflowers) c()ntinued Eupalorium coe/esti11111n Mist flower OK TX 1-3 ft., lavender-blue, Aug.-Oct., wet- mesic, sun to partial shade Eupatorium fistulosum Joe-pye weed OKTX 2-7 ft., pinkish-lavender, July-Sept., wet to wet-mesic, sun to partial shade Eupatorium greggii Palmleaf thoroughwort AZ NM TX Up to 4 ft., blue, Mar.-Oct., wet to mesic, sun Eupatorium rugosum White snakeroot OKTX 1-4 ft., white, Aug.-Oct., wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial shade Euphorbia corolla/a Flowering spurge OKTX 1-3 ft., white, June-Oct., mesic-dry, sun Euphorbia marginata Snow-on-the-mountain NM OK TX 1-3 ft., green/white, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun, annual Eusloma grandiflora Prairie gentian, OKTX 2-3 ft., purple/blue/white/yellow, June- Texas bluebell Sept., wet-mesic, annual Gaillardia arizonica Arizona blanket flower AZ 12-24 in., yellow, Feb.-July, dry, sun. annual Gaillardia pinnatifida Yellow gaillardia, AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow/reddish, Apr.-Sept., dry, Blanket flower sun Gaillardia pulchella Indian blanket, Firewheel AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow/purple-red, Apr.-June, dry, sun Gaura coccinea Scarlet gaura AZ NM OK TX 1-3 ft., white/pink aging to red, May- Aug., dry, sun Genliana parryi Parry gentian AZNM Up to 1 ft., blue, July-Sept., wet-mesic, sun Geum triflorum Prairie smoke, Purple avens NM 6-18 in., red, Apr.-May, wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial sun, persistent, pink seed plumes, ground cover Glycyrrhiza lepidota Wild licorice OKTX 2-3 ft., white, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Gutierrezia sarothrae Broom snakeweed, AZ NM OK TX 2-3 ft., yellow, June-Sept, dry, sun, Matchbrush subshrub Habranthus texanus Copper lily TX Up to 1 ft., orange-yellow, Aug.-Oct, wet, sun Hedyotis nigricans Bluets AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., white/pink/purple, Apr.-Nov., mesic-dry, sun Hedysarum boreale Northern sweetvetch AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., pink/purple, May, mesic-dry, sun He/enium autumnale Common sneezeweed OKTX 2-5 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., wet to wet-mesic, sun Helianthus annuus Common sunflower AZ OK NM TX 2-7 ft., yellow/red/purple, Aug.-Sept., dry, sun, annual Helianthus maximi/iani Maximilian sunflower NM OK TX 1-9 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., wet mesic-dry, sun Helianthus petiolaris Plains sunflower AZNMOKTX 2-6 ft., red-purple, July-Oct, dry, sun, annual Heliopsis helianthoides Ox-eye sunflower, NM OK TX 3-4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet-mesic to False sunflower mesic-dry, sun . Heuchera americana Alumroot OK 1 1/2-3 ft., green, May-Aug., mesic to mesic-dry, shade to sun, ground cover Heuchera sanguinea New Mexican coral bells AZNM Up to 2 ft., pink-red, July-Sept., wet- mesic to mesic, shade Sl1uthwest Rt:co mm endell Native Plant Species L ist 2001 ~!:' 1.:-tJt Bird )<.:huit.Hl \\:ildtl._.ut r \.:1.'•lh'I' Page 19 Pnnh:\t (lU n,·(,;\'t,;ki.1 T'.1r.~·r ~H.crbaccous (,vildflo~.vcrs) continued Heuchera versicolor Coral bells, Alumroot AZ NM TX 1-2 ft., pink, July-Oct., wet-mesic, shade Hibiscus coulteri Desert rose mallow, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., yellow-red tinge, Apr.-Aug., Coulter hibiscus dry, sun, seeds have long hairs Hieracium longipilum Hairy hawkweed OKTX 1-4 ft., orange, Apr.-May (Sept.), dry, sun Hymenopappus Old plainsman, TX 1-3 ft., rosy, Mar.-May, dry, sun, biennial, artemisiaefolius Woolly white white hairy Hymenoxys acaulis Stemless goldflower, AZ NM OK TX Up to l ft., yellow, May-June (Sept.), dry, Stemless rubber weed, sun Butte marigold Hymenoxys cooperi Cooper's goldflower AZ Up to 2 ft., yellow, May-July (Sept.-Oct.), dry, sun, biennial or perennial Hymenoxys scaposa Four-nerve daisy, NM OK TX Up to l ft., yellow, Mar.-Aug., mesic-dry, Yellow daisy, Bitterweed sun Ipomoea leptophylla Bush morning glory NM OK TX Up to 4 ft., lavender-pink/purple-red, May-July, dry, sun Ipomopsis aggregata Sky rocket, Scarlet gilia AZNM Up to 6 ft., red, July-Oct., dry, sun, ssp. aggregata biennial Ipomopsis longiflora White-flowered gilia AZNMOKTX Up to 2 ft., white, Mar.-Oct., dry, sun, annual Ipomopsis rubra Standing cypress OKTX 2-4+ ft., red, May-Oct., dry, sun to partial shade, biennial Ipomopsis thurberi Thurber's gilia AZNM 2-3 ft., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun, biennial or perennial Iris missouriensis Rocky mountain iris, AZNM 1-2 ft., purple, May-June, wet to wet-mesic, Western blue flag sun Iris shrevei Blue flag iris OK 1-3 ft., purple, May-July, wet to wet- mesic, sun to partial shade Iris virginica Southern blue flag QK•TX 3 ft., pale blue, Apr.-May, wet to wet- mesic, sun to partial sun Kallstroemia grandiflora Arizona poppy, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., orange, May-Nov., dry, sun, Summer poppy annual Kosteletskya virginica Seashore mallow TX 3-5 ft., pink, June-Oct., wet to wet-mesic, sun to partial sun lasthenia chrysostoma Goldfields AZ Up to 16 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun, var. gracilis annual Layia glandulosa Tidy tips AZNM 4-16 in., white, Mar.-June, dry, sun, annual Lepidium montanum Mountain peppergrass AZ NM TX 2-3 ft., white-cream, Mar.-Aug., dry, sun biennial or perennial Lespedeza capita/a Roundheaded bush clover OKTX 2-4 ft., white, July-Sept., mesic-dry to dry, sun Lesquerella fendleri Bladderpod AZ NM TX 1-15 in., yellow, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun Lesquere/la gordonii Gordon's bladderpod AZNMOKTX 6-24 in., yellow, Mar.-June, dry, s~ annual Lesquerella gracilis Cloth-of-gold, Bladderpod OKTX 12-24 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, sun, annual Liatris elegans Gayfeather OKTX Up to 4 ft., pink, Aug.-Oct., dry, sun Liatris mucronata Narrow-leaf gayfeather OKTX 2-3 ft., reddish-purple, Aug.-Dec., dry, sun Southwest Rco:ommcndcd Nati\'C Plant Specie:; List 2001 Page 20 !~~ l...J:d-,· Bird j..-.hn,.pn \\, Ui.1Hih\\;t C~·1\11·r l'rim~·d ···n Ket:\cl~d Pnpcr :!Herbaceous (vvildflrn:\'ers) C()ntinued liatris punctata Dotted blazing star, OKTX Up to 1 ft., purple, July-Aug., dry, sun Gayfeather liatris squarrosa Blazing star OK TX 10-24 in., purple, June-Sept., mesic to dry, sun lindheimera texana Texas star, Lindheimer daisy TX 6-12 in., yellow, reddish brown, Mar.- May, dry, sun, annual Linum neomexicanum Flax AZNM 12-24 in., yellow, June-Sept., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, part sun to shade, annual or biennial Linum perenne var. lewisii Blue flax AZ NM OK TX Up to 2 ft., blue, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun Linum rigidum Yellow flax NM OK TX Up to 20 in., yellow, May-Sept., dry, sun, annual Lithospermum canescens Hoary puccoon OKTX 1-2 ft., orange, yellow, Apr.-June, dry, sun, red dye from roots Lithospermum caroliniense Hairy puccoon, OKTX 1-3 ft., orange-yellow, Mar.-May, dry, Hispid gromwell sun Lithospermum incisum Fringed puccoon, AZ NM OK TX Up to 2 ft., yellow, Nov.-June, dry, sun Narrow-leaved puccoon Lobelia cardinalis Cardinal flower AZ* NM OK TX 1-6 ft., red, Aug.-Sept., wet to wet- mesic, sun to partial shade Lobelia siphilitica Great blue lobelia OKTX 2-3 ft., bluish-lavender, July-Oct., wet to mesic, partial sun Lobelia spicata Pale lobelia OKTX 1-2 ft., blue, June-July, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Lupinus argenleus Silvery lupine AZNM 12-24 in., purple, June-July, mesic-dry, sun Lupinus concinnus Annual lupine, AZNMTX 2-10 in., reddish-purple, Mar.-May, Bajada lupine mesic-dry, sun, annual Lupinus havardii Havard bluebonnet, TX Up to 2 ft., purple/blue/white, Mar.-May, Big Bend bluebonnet, dry, sun, annual Chisos bluebonnet Lupinus palmeri Palmer's lupine AZNM 12-24 in., blue, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun to part shade Lupinus subcamosus Texas bluebonnet TX 6-14 in., blue/white, Apr.-May, dry, annual Lupinus texensis Texas bluebonnet TX 6-14 in., blue-purple/white, Mar.-May, mesic-dry, sun, annual Lysimachia ci/iata Fringed loosestrife OKTX Up to 4 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet- mesic, part to full shade Machaeranthera Tahoka daisy, Tansy aster AZNMOKTX 6-15 in., white-violet/blue, May-June, tanacetifolia dry, sun, annual Marsha/lia caespilosa Barbara's buttons OKTX 6-24 in., white, Apr.-May, dry, sun var. caespitosa Marsilea macropoda Water clover TX Up to I 0 in., wet to mesic, sun to shade Melampodium leucanthum Blackfoot daisy, Rock daisy AZ NM OK TX 6-24 in., white, Mar.-Nov., dry, siln Mimu/us cardinalis Crimson monkey flower AZ 2-3 ft., red-orange, Apr.-Oct., wet-mesic, partial shade Mimulus guttatus Golden monkey flower AZNM 2-3 ft., yellow, Mar.-Aug., wet-mesic, sun to partial sun, annual or perennial Sou thwc:-t Rcconnncnded Native Plant Spc:c.ics List 2001 Page 21 ~ Lad\• Bird h'lhll"""':n \\'ilJfl,··,wr Cent a Prinred fill Rc\.)deJ P;tp\·f )Herbaceous (\\'ildflmvcrs) co n tinned Mimu/us primu/oides Primrose monkey flower AZ 2 in., yellow, June-Aug., wet to wet- mesic, sun to partial sun, ground cover Mirabilis mu/tijlora Wild four o'clock AZNM 1-2 ft., rose-purple, Apr.-Oct., dry, sun Mitchel/a repens Partridge beny OK TX 2 in., pinkish-white, Apr.-June, wet- mesic to mesic-dry, partial sun to shade, red berries, evergreen ground cover Monarda cilriodora Horsemint, Lemon NM OK TX 2-3 ft., white-pink/purple, Apr.-Oct., beebalm, Lemon mint mesic-dry to dry, sun, annual or biennial Monarda fistu/osa Wild bergamot, Horsemint, OKTX 2-5 ft., lavender, July-Aug., wet-mesic Beebalm to dry, sun to partial shade Monarde//a odoratissima Coyote mint, AZNM 1 ft., white to blue-purple, June-Aug., Mountain pennyroyal dry, partial sun, variable Nemophila phacelioides Baby blue eyes OKTX 6-12 in., blue-purple, Mar.-May, dry, sun, annual Nolina microcarpa Sacahuis~, Bear grass AZ*NM 4-5 ft., white, Mar.-July, dry, sun Nolina parryi Parry's nolina, AZ* 1 1/2-5 ft., white, Apr.-June, dry, sun, Bigelow nolina yucca-like Oenothera a/bicau/is Pale evening primrose AZ NM OK TX 1-2 ft., white fading to pink, Apr.-June, wet-mesic to dry, sun, flowers open in evening, annual Oenothera biennis Common evening primrose OKTX 2-4 ft., yellow, July-frost, wet-mesic to dry, sun, biennial Oenothera brachycarpa Evening primrose AZ NM TX 12-24 in., yellow fading to red, Mar.- var. wrighlii June, mesic-dry to dry, sun, flowers open in evening Oenothera caespitosa Gumbo evening primrose, AZNM To 1 ft., white fading to purple, June, Gumbo Lily dry, sun, flowers open in evening Oenothera deltoides Fragrant primrose, AZ 2-10 in., white fading to pink, Mar.-May, Desert evening primrose dry, sun, annual Oenothera jlava Shortfin evening primrose AZNM 6-12 in., yellow, Apr.-Aug., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Oenothera macrocarpa Missouri evening primrose OKTX 6-12 in., yellow fading to red, May Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun, flowers open in evening Oenothera primiveris Bottle evening primrose, AZ NM TX 6-12 in., yellow fading to red, Mar.-Apr., Yellow desert primrose mesic-dry to dry, sun, annual Oenothera rhombipetala Diamond-petal primrose, OKTX. 2-3 ft., yellow, June-Sept., dry, sun, Four-point evening primrose annual or biennial Oenothera speciosa Pink evening primrose OKTX l-2 ft., white fading to pink, Apr.-July, dry, sun, day flowering, annual Orbexilum peduncu/atum Sampson's snakeroot, TX Up to 2 ft., lilac, Apr.-May, wet-mesic- Bobsroot snakeroot mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Orthocarpus purpurascens Red owl's clover AZ 4-16 in., pink & purple, Mar.-May, dry, sun, annual .. Palafoxia callosa Small palafoxia OK*TX Up to 2 ft., brown-reddish purple, Aug.- Sept., mesic-dry, sun, annual Pee/is angustifolia Limoncillo, Fetid marigold AZ NM TX 8-10 in., yellow, July-Sept., dry, sun, annual Southwest Recommended Native Planr Species List 2001 Page 22 ~~:· l.:l\.h Birt.I _J,·,hn"4•h \\· iiJlf,hH·r Denk< PrinltJ "r& H,e,·\d l'd Papi.:r "H erbaceous (wildflm·vcrs) continued Pedicularis groenlandica Elephant heads AZNM Up to 2 ft., red-purple, July-Sept., mesic- dry to dry, sun Penslemon albidus White beardtongue NM OK TX 6-24 in., white to lavender, Apr.-June, dry, sun Penslemon alpinus Blue penstemon, NM 2-3 ft., blue-purple, July, mesic-dry to Alpine penstemon dry, sun Penslemon ambiguus Sand penstemon NM OK TX 2-3 ft., white/pink, May-Aug., dry, sun, shrub Penslemon angustifo/ius Whorled penstemon AZ NM OK Up to 1 ft., blue-Lilac to white, May-June, mesic-dry to dry, sun Pens/emon baccharifolius Rock penstemon TX 6-24 in., scarlet red, June-Sept., mesic to dry, sun to part shade Penstemon barbatus Red penstemon, NMTX Up to 6 ft., red/yellow, June-Sept., mesic Scarlet bugler to dry, sun , Penstemon bridgesii Bridge's penstemon, AZNM Up to 2 ft., red to scarlet, June-Aug., Mountain scarlet penstemon mesic-dry to dry, sun Penstemon cobaea Cobaea penstemon, OK*TX 2-3 ft., white or pale violet/purple, May- Wild foxglove June, dry, sun Pens lemon fendleri Fendler penstemon, AZNMOKTX 1-2 ft., lavender-violet, Apr.-Aug., mesic- Purple foxglove dry, sun Penstemon grandijlorus Large-flowered penstemon OKTX 2-3 ft., pink-lavender, May-June, mesic- dry to dry, sun Penstemon jamesii James' penstemon AZ NM TX 6-12 in., pale lavender, June, mesic-dry to dry, sun Penstemon murrayanus Red penstemon, OK*TX 24-36 in., red, Apr.-June, mesic-dry to Cupleaf beardtongue dry, sun to part shade Penstemon parryi Parry penstemon AZ Up to 4 ft., rose-magenta, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry to dry, sun Penstemon Desert beardtongue AZNM Up to 40 in., rose-purple, Mar.-June, dry, pseudospectabilis sun Penstemon thurberi Sand penstemon AZNM Up to 2 ft., blue-violet, May-June, dry, sun Petalostemum candidum White prairie clover OKTX 1-2 ft., white, July-Aug., mesic to mesic-dry, sun Petalostemum purpureum Purple prairie clover OKTX 1-2 ft., purple, July-Aug., mesic to dry, sun Phacelia congesta Blue curls AZ NM TX 12-24 in., blue or purple, Mar.-June, dry, sun to part shade, annual or biennial Phlox drummondii Drummond's phlox TX 2-18 in., red-purple, Mar.-Apr., mesic- dry, sun, annual Phlox nana Santa Fe phlox, AZ NM TX Up to 1 ft., purple to pink, Mar.-Nov., White-eyed phlox, dry, sun Canyon phlox Phlox pilosa Prairie phlox, Downy phlox OKTX 1-2 ft., pink-lavender, May-July,.mesic to dry, sun Physostegia digitalis Obedient plant TX Up to 6 ft., pale lavender-white, June- Aug., wet-mesic-dry, sun to part shade Physostegia intermedia Obedient plant OKTX 6-48 in., lavender, Apr.-June, wet-mesic, sun South"vc:;t R e:c()l\ltncndcd Nati\'e Plane Species List 2001 ·rage 2·3 ·t..! 1,-4\d)' 1lirJJc•hn,:..•n \Vildfhw~r L\·1'l1cr Prmr(.·J 1•r. l{Ci:\~h.·d P;!per :...Herbacc.ous (\vildflow~rs) con tinued Physostegia virginiana Obedient plant, OKTX 2-4 ft., lavender, Aug.-Sept., wet-mesic False dragonhead to mesic-dry, sun to partial shade Platystemon californicus Creamcups AZ Up to 12 in., yellow, Mar.-May, dry, annual Podophy/lum peltatum May apple OKTX 1-1 1/2 ft., white, May, wet-mesic, partial shade Polemonium foliosissimum Jacob's ladder AZNM 2-3 ft., white-cream, violet, blue, June- Aug., mesic-dry, sun Potentilla arguta White cinquefoil, AZNMOK 2-3 ft., cream, June-Sept., wet-mesic to Prairie cinquefoil, dry, sun Tall cinquefoil Potentilla simplex Common cinquefoil OKTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, mesic-dry to dry, sun to part shade Potentilla th11rberi Red cinquefoil AZNM 2-3 ft., red-purple, July-Oct., mesic to mesic-dry, shade Proboscidea louisianica Devil's claw, Unicom plant, TX Up to 3 ft., white/purple, June-Sept., Proboscis flower, wet-mesic, sun, annual Ram's horn Psilostrophe tagetina Woolly paperflower AZ NM TX 6-18 in., yellow, Mar.-Sept, mesic-dry, sun Pycnanthemum lenuifolium Slender mountain mint OKTX 2-3 ft., white, Aug.-Sept., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to partial sun Ranu.nculus cardiophyllus Buttercup AZNM 6-24 in., yellow, iune-Aug., wet-mesic, sun Ranunculus fascicularis Early buttercup, OKTX 6-li in., yellow, Feb.-May, wet to dry, Tufted buttercup sun to part shade Ranunculus macranthus Large buttercup AZ NM TX Up to 2 ft., yellow, Mar.-June, wet to mesic, sun to part shade Ratibida columnifera Prairie coneflower, AZNMOKTX l-3 ft., red-yellow, June-Aug., mesic- Long-headed coneflower,. dry to dry, sun Mexican hat Ratibida pinnata Gray-headed coneflower, OK 3-5 ft., yellow, July-Aug., wet-mesic to Yellow coneflower · mesic-dry, sun to partial sun Rhexia virginica Meadow beauty OKTX 1-2 ft., purplish-red, July-Sept., wet- mesic, partial sun Rudbeckia grandiflora Large coneflower OKTX Up to 3 ft., yellow, June-Aug., mesic to dry, sun Rudbeckia hirta Black-eyed Susan NM OK TX 1-2 ft., yellow, June-Aug., wet-mesic to dry, sun to partial shade Ruellia humi/is Wild petunia OKTX 2-3 ft., lavender to light blue, Apr.-Oct., wet-mesic, sun to part shade Ruellia nudiflora Wild petunia, Violet ruellia AZNMTX Up to 2 ft., purple-blue, Mar.-Nov., mesic-dry, sun Sabatia campestris Prairie rose gentian, OKTX 1-2 ft., green to yellow, Apr.-July, wet- Prairie sabatia, Meadow pink mesic to dry, sun, annual ' Salvia arizonica Arizona sage AZNMTX Up to 4 ft., blue, May-Nov., dry, sun Salvia azurea Blue sage TX 2-4 ft., blue, Sept.-Oct., dry, sun var. grandiflora Salvia co/umbariae Chia AZ 4-20 in., blue, Mar.-June, dry, sun, annual S0uthwc~t Recommended Native Plan t Species Lic;t WOl Page 2.4 ~!: Lad~· Bird J,°'Jrn11K'1n \\:ildfk• .. l'<r Center JHcrhaccous (wildflowers) continued Salvia farinacea Mealy blue sage NM TX Up to 3 ft., blue, Apr.-Nov., wet-mesic to dry, sun Salvia lyrata Cancer weed, Lyre-leaf sage OKTX 2-3 ft., violet-light blue, Dec.-May, mesic to dry, sun to part shade Schrankia uncinata Catclaw sensitive briar OKTX 2-3 ft., pink, Apr.-June, dry, sun Sedum nuttal/ianum Yellow stonecrop OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, Apr.-July, dry, sun, annual Senecio glabel/us Butterweed OKTX 6-18 in., yellow, Mar.-Apr., wet-mesic, sun, annual Senecio plattensis Prairie ragwort, OKTX 10-18 in., yellow, Mar.-Apr., mesic-dry, Prairie groundsel sun Senna lindheimeriana Lindheimer senna, AZ NM TX 3-6 ft., yellow-light brown, Aug.-Oct., Velvetleaf senna mesic to dry, sun Senna roemeriana Two-leaved senna NMTX 1-2 ft., yellow, Apr.-May (Aug.), mesic to dry, sun Sidalcea neomexicana Checker mallow, AZNM 3 ft., mauve, Apr.-June, wet to wet- Prairie mallow mesic, sun Si/ene laciniata Southern Indian pink, AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., scarlet, July-Oct, mesic-dry, Catchfly, Mexican campion shade Si/ene ste/lata Starry campion OKTX Up to 3 ft., white, May-July, wet-mesic var. scabrella to dry, sun to part shade Silphium integrifo/ium Rosinweed OK 2-6 ft., yellow, July-Sept, wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Silphium laciniatum Compass plant OKTX 3-12, yellow, July-Sept., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun Sisyrinchium campestre White-eyed grass, OKTX 8-15 in., blue, May-June, mesic to dry, Prairie blue-eyed grass sun So/idago canadensis Canada goldenrod AZ NM OK TX 2-4 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept, wet-mesic to dry, sun Solidago missouriensis Missouri goldenrod, AZ NM OK 8-24 in., yellow, Aug.-Sept, mesic to Prairie goldenrod dry, sun Solidago nemoralis Gray goldenrod, OKTX 6-20 in., yellow, Aug.-Oct., mesic-dry to Old-field goldenrod dry, sun So/idago speciosa Showy goldenrod OKTX 1-5 ft., yellow, Aug.-Sept., mesic to dry, sun to partial sun Sphaeralcea ambigua Desert mallow AZ 1-3 ft., orange, Mar.-May, dry, sun, shrubby Sphaeralcea coccinea Scarlet globe mallow AZNMOKTX 6-12 in., red, Apr.-Aug., dry, sun Sphaeralcea parvifolia Globe mallow AZNM 24-36 in., red-orange, May-July, dry, sun Spigelia marilandica Indian pink, Pinkroot OKTX 1-2 ft ., red, May-July, wet-mesic to mesic, partial shade Stachys coccinea Texas betony AZ NM TX Up to 3 ft., scarlet, Mar.-Oct., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to part shade, hairy Talinum aurantiacum Flame flower AZ NM TX 6-12 in., orange-red, June-Oct., dry; sun Tephrosia virginiana Goat's rue OKTX 1-2 ft., yellow/cream, Apr.-Juoe, dry, sun Teucrium laciniatum Dwarf germander, NM OK TX 4-6 in., white-cream/purple, May-Sept., Cutleaf germander dry, sun Southwest. RecommendeJ Native Plant Species List. 2001 J>age 2.5 :f.~ J :t~f~ nicd )tlht:'-l'!l \\:"jhltl"1'H r (.:...•nl\•r Print.··I <:n 1h·n·.:lnl P;1p...·r ~Herbaceous (wildflowers) continued Thalictrum dasycarpum Tall meadow rue AZ NM OK TX 3-5 ft., white, June-July, wet-mesic to mesic, shade to partial sun Thelesperma filifolium Thelespenna, Greenthread OKTX 2-3 ft., yellow, May-July, dry, sun, annual var. filifolium Thlaspi fendleri Wild candytuft, Penny cress AZNM 6-12 in., white to lavender, Apr.-May, dry, sun Tradescantia occidentalis Western spiderwort AZNMOKTX 6-24 in., blue-rose, Mar.-July, dry, sun Tradescantia ohioensis Ohio spiderwort OKTX 2-3 ft., blue, June-Aug., wet-mesic to dry, sun Trichachne californica Cottontop AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., white-purplish, Apr.-Sept, dry Verbena bipinnatiflda Prairie verbena, AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 ft., pink-purple, Mar.-Dec., wet- Dakota vervain mesic to mesic dry, sun Verbena canadensis Rose vervain, Sweet william OKTX 5-10 in., pink, Feb.-Jun., mesic-dry to dry, partial shade, annual or biennial, ground cover Verbena gooddingii Pink verbena, AZ 6-8 in., pink-purple, Apr.-June, mesic to Southwestern vervain dry, sun, ground cover Verbena stricta Hoary vervain NM OK TX Up to 6 ft., blue or purple, June-Sept., dry, sun, hairy Vernonia baldwinii Ironweed, Western ironweed OKTX 2-4 ft., purple, June-Aug., mesic-dry, sun Vernonia /indheimeri Woolly ironweed TX 1-30 in., purple, June-Aug., dry, sun, white hairy Viguiera deltoidea Shrubby goldeneye AZ 2 ft., yellow, Feb.-June & Sept.-Oct., dry, sun Viguiera den/ala Goldeneye AZ NM TX 3-6 ft., yellow, Oct., dry, sun Viguiera multijlora Showy goldeneye AZNM 3-4 ft., yellow, July-Sept., dry, sun Viola canadensis Canada violet AZ NM OK TX 8-16 in., white, May-July, wet-mesic to mesic, shade Viola missouriensis Missouri violet ·NM OK TX Up to 3 in., light blue, Mar.-May, wet- mesic, shade Viola pedata Birdsfoot violet OKTX 4-10 in., purple, May-June, mesic-dry to dry, sun to partial shade Viola pedatifida Prairie violet AZ NM OK TX Up to 3 in., violet, wet-mesic, shade Wedelia hispida Wede Ii a TX Up to 3 ft., orange-yellow, June-Nov., wet-mesic to mesic-dry, sun to part shade Xanthisma texanum Sleepy daisy OKTX 12-36 in., yellow, Apr.-Dec., mesic-dry to dry, sun to part shade Zauschneria latifolia Hummingbird trumpet AZNM 6-12 in., red, June-Aug., mesic-dry to dry, sun Zephyranthes drummondii Rain lily, Prairie lily NM OK TX Up to 1 ft., white/red, May-Sept., dry, sun, fragrant, night blooming Zizia aurea Golden alexanders OKTX 1-3 ft., yellow, May-June, wet-mesic to mesic, sun to partial shade So uthwc:-;t Rccomrnen<lcd Native Plant Species List 2001 Page 26 !:-) L:u:h: Hird J\1hn..;nn \Vifdff,·..,,~cr Ccnt<-r Pd1\i1•d ,•11 Hc ... ~d'-'J l'apC'r ' 1G1ossary Annual Plants whose life cycle, from seed to mature plant, producing flowers, fruits and seeds, is completed in a single growing season. After seeds are produced, the plant usually dies. Biennial Plants whose life cycle extends over two growing seasons. The seed germinates the first year, producing a seedling that usually remains short over the winter. During the second growing season, the seedling rapidly elongates, flowers, produces seeds, and dies. Deciduous Plants which shed their leaves annually. Endangered Plants in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of their range. Herbaceous Plants that lack woody tissues and therefore "die-back" at the end of the growing season. Mesic Moderate amount of soil moisture. Perennial Plants whose life cycle extends for an indefinite period beyond two growing seasons. These plants generally do not die after flowering. Threatened Plants likely to become endangered within the forseeable future. Snuthwest Recommended Native P lant Species List 2001 Page 27 Report on 2001 Liatris cymosa Search Lori Biederman August 28, 2001 I searched 12 known locations of Liatris pymosa and searched for new populations between August 7 and 28, 2001. Of these 12 locations, I found plants at 5. One of these sites is privately owned and will likely be developed soon. The other 2 sites are parks owned by the city of City of College Station and of these, one population (the arboretum) is probably being seriously set back by mowing. The Wood Creek population appears to be healthy. In addition, I found 15 new sites. In 2 cases I had difficulty deciding on what to call a population. It would be useful to haye a topographic map and a recent air photo to help make this determination. I have made preliminary judgements. There are 4 concentrations of plants in the Foxfire subdivision (New populations E-H). I list these as separate populations because the plants appear in pockets within a post oak woodland, which may not be suitable habitat. Conversely, there are 3 concentrations in the vicinity of Harris and Bradley Roads (New population L}, but they seem to be connected by suitable habitat (pasture and utility corridors) so I grouped them together as one population. The new locations can be broken down into four categories based on the threats to the site and the conservation possibilities. 1. Some sites are threatened by development; they are either for sale or are the next logical step for a growing subdivision. These sites include: Population A (Wood Creek Road}, B (Holleman Road), C (Hunter's Addition}, K (Rock/Green Prairie Roads}, M (Appomattox}, and N (Copperfield). 2. Some areas appear to be intentionally unmowed front yards or extra lots. I think it might be fruitful to contact the land owners. A variance from the weed law may be needed from the city for these areas. These areas include: Population H (Foxfire 4), J (Sebesta}, and L (Harris/Bradley #3) 3. Many plants are found in little habitat pockets that are not regularly mowed, such as road right-of-ways, utility easements, and creek beds. Many of these plants are in the Foxfire sub-division, which seems to have been developed by leaving as much of the existing vegetation as possible, unlike most subdivisions here, which everything is razed. Some of these areas may be candidates for greenway acquisition. Again, a variance from the weed law may be needed from the city for the private areas. These areas include: Population E (Foxfire 1), F (Foxfire 2), G (Foxfire 3), I (Technology Parkway), J (Sebesta), and L (Harris/Bradley #2). 4. One population (0) is public (owned by TAMU). 5. Two areas [Population D(Advance Hydrocarbon), and L (Harris Bradley #1)] are larger areas that do not appear to have an immediate threat (at least for the next year) as they are not for sale, nor are they in a growing subdivision. Although they are very disturbed, they might be good candidates for an easement or outright purchase. I also observed a few things about the plant on my journeys. They are tough: a few blooming in the turned up area in the road construction zone. I also observed a butterfly (possibly a fritillary) and a small skipper pollinating plants. I spent less than 20 hours searching for the plant and by no means was it systematic or widespread. I think that it would be a good idea we could organize a more systematic search next year. I found no plants at these documented locations: EOR# 1 Minter springs. Date: August 12, 2001. Found no plants, but there seems to be habitat around and some private areas (?) that I did not venture into. EOR# 2 Wellbom Date: August 12, 2001. I looked in the area mapped and up and down the RR ROW and found none. I also looked in promising areas in the RR ROW between College Station and Wellborn but found none (not a complete search). EOR# 7 Hwy 60 near Brazos County Border Date: August 13, 2001. None seen, and it is unlikely that there are some still present (highway widened since last sighting and no good habitat seen). EOR# 13 Hwy 30 2-3 miles south of college station. Date: August 13, 200 l. Found no plants, but there seems to be habitat around. EOR# 22 Jct of 6 and 2818 in Bryan. Date: August 13, 2001. Found no plants. Some habitat present, but it is unlikely. EOR# 25 White Creek Road Date: August 13, 2001. Some habitat present, but I did not see any plants. EOR# 26 Date: August 12, 2001. None seen, unlikely it is still present here. I found plants at these previously documentyd locations: EOR# 5 Navarro Road. Date: August 12, 2001. Location: Dot to be moved? A vacant lot at the NE comer of Wellborn (2154) and Navarro Rd. 0. 7 mi. S of the intersection of 2154 and 2818. Habitat notes: 30 plants in the middle of the lot and 11 additional plants at the edge of the ditch. Open, grass thin and some bare patches. A euphorb and Rudbeckia common. Looked in RR ROW (across street) and in other nearby fields and found none. Notes: Area is zoned C-1 and is up for sale. Lot is between new apartment buildings and major road It is likely the area will be developed soon. EOR# 11 Harvey Road Date: August 28, 2001 Location notes: West of the southbound feeder road to highway 6, near the intersection of 6 and Hwy 30, just north of where the off-ramp merges. Habitat notes: A few plants seen around a telephone pole in the ditch. I suspect they are able to live here because the area around the telephone pole is kept open, but is not mowed regularly. Post oak woodland to the west. Voucher? No EOR# 12 Barron Road :Dat.e: August 19, 2001. Location: No plants seen on the west side of Hwy 6. On the east side of Hwy 6, across from Barron Road, there are. Also found 7 plants in a low open area behind Christ Methodist Church and their adult education building. Habitat notes: 30 -40 plants scattered throughout an open area. Plants are short statured, possibly from mowing earlier in the season. Short grasses and enphorb abundant. johnson grass occasional. Rag weed Notes: It is unlikely that it is still present on the west side of the highway, deveklping & no good habitat remains. A Harley-Davidson dealership will be going in on the north end of field *EOR# 17 Anderson Arboretutn Date: August 7, 2001. Notes: No plants found in the graminetum (Row #4). 14 plants found in are of rows 1-3 (but since native population was there when rows were planted, do not know if they are the planted ones or not). City is mowing much of the area and I found plants right up to mowed area. *EOR# 19 Woodcreek Park Date: August 7, 2001. Location update: Wood Creek Parle is at the end of Shadowcrest Drive. Notes: Approximately 150 plants along developed and undeveloped nature trails and the creek bank. Plants in the open and along the edges of a post oak canopy. Plants also abundant in a utility ROW at the NE comer of the park (owned by Texas Digital) and there are 25-30 plants in the utility ROW at the SE corner of the park. I found one plant from Dr. Wilson's planted row# 6, and no plants in planted row #5 (mowed). See attached map. Previously undocumented populations: New Population # A Woodcreek Road Date: August 19, 2001. Location: In an open old field on the south side of Woodcreek Road; less than 0.1 miles east from the intersection of Wood Creek Drive and the feeder road to Hwy 6. Habitat notes: All 12 plants within 20 meters of the road Grass taller and thicker here than other Liatris cymosa locations. Little bluestem, a euphorb, and partridge pea occasional. Soil clayey with gravel. Voucher? Yes Notes: Area is up for sale (846..S878; 589~3109)and is in a very rapidly developing part of College Station . ., New Population# B Holleman. Date: August 12, 2001. Location: At the NW comer of Holleman and Wellborn roads; 0.7 mi. S. of2347 on Wellborn (2154). Habitat notes: 40-50 plants visible (through binoculars) very scattered throughout old field. More possibly behind trees. Grass layer thin and post oaks, shrubs, and little bluestern bunches occasional. Lots of car tracks and litter throughout. I searched the adjacent RR ROW and found none. Voucher? No Notes: It is private property that is not up for sale, but it will likely be developed soon as 2 new apartment complexes are adjacent. New Population# C Hunter's Addition Date: August 15, 2001. Location: On the southside of Elmo Weeden Road 0.4 miles east of its intersection with hwy 30 and FM 158 (where 30 bends). Habitat notes: Several hundred plants in a construction site of a new subdivision. Plants separated by new roads, in a disturbed field Site very open with some bare sandy loam soil, dry. A euphorb and Rudbeckia common; wild indigo andjohnson grass occasional. 10 plants are in the ditch. Voucher? Yes Notes: Area is a new subdivision, it will likely be developed before the end of the year. Talked to Developer Jerry Landers on August 17, 2001. He agreed to let us harvest plants in 30-60 days. New Population #D Advance Hydrocarbon. Date: August 19, 2001. Location: In a large open pasture on the southwest side of Rock Prairie Road 1 mile east from its intersection with the feeder road to Hwy 6. Across Rock Prairie Road from the Flying Ace Ranch. Habitat notes: Thousands of plants. Site is very disturbed and is an active cattle pasture. Open with shorter grasses, a euphorb and monarda abundant. Sesbania occasional. Voucher: No Notes: Advance Hydrocarbon Corp. Ritchey SWD 409-696-0944. RC Permit 10140. Judy Downs (College Station Greenways Coordinator) was interested in this area prior to knowing about the blazing star and wrote Mr. Ritchey to see if he was interested in this area. The area is part of the "Triangle Study" of College Station because it contains both the operating landfill (soon to be closed) and the old landfill. The foxfire populations (1-4) are within the same subdivision and are in close proximity, but are separated by post oak woodland. New Population #E Foxfire 1. Date: August 19, 2001. Location: At the southeast comer of Ferber Circle and Foxfire Drive; also on each side of the Foxfire Drive around the nearby culvert (south of Ferber Circle along Foxfire). Habitat notes: 60-80 plants. Overgrown ditches, areas lower/moister. Associated species include post oak scrubs, ruellia, western ragweed, and short to tall grasses. Voucher? Yes New Population #F Foxfire 2 Date: August 19, 2001. Location: Along a culvert on the north side of Foxfire Drive approximately 0 .1 miles west of the intersection of Foxfire and Frost Drive. Also along Frost Drive between Foxfire and Faulkner. Habitat notes: 10-15 plants on gentle slope to culvert. Open area in post oak woodland Soil has gravel in it. Associated species include Sesbania, Elymus, partridge pea, sparse little bluestem, western ragweed. 10-15 along Frost Drive. Voucher? No New Population #G Foxfire 3. Date: August 19, 2001. Location: In an unmowed comer between post oak woodland and the mowed ditch near the driveway of 1112 Finney circle. Habitat notes: Approximately 10 plants. Tall grass and forbs. Sandy/gravel substrate. Voucher?No A New Population #H Foxfire 4. Date: August 19, 2001. Location: In an empty lot between 1007 and 1003 Howe (west side of road). Also, in the ditch at the corner of Faulkner and Howe. Habitat notes: 50-100 plants (intentionally not mowed??). Open with a few trees, low grasses, rudbeckia, a yellow composite. 2 small post oaks are staked and caged Also, 15 plants in the eroding ditch. Gravelly clay. Voucher? Yes New Population #I Technology Parkway Date: August 19, 2001. Location: Plants on both sides of Technology Parkway (a new road), particularly 0.1 mile from the intersection of Technology parkway and the feeder road to Hwy 6. Plants also on the south side of the cul- de-sac. Habitat Notes: . On the north side there are several hundred plants in a small opening between the road and the creek bed Open field with a sparse cover of short to medium grasses, Euphorbia, partridge pea. Dry clay To the south side of the road there are 50 to 100 plants in a very disturbed lot that also has a large pile of soil stored on it. It probably was disturbed during construction of the road. Very little grass. There are 40 plants around the edge of the cul-de-sac between the mowed grass and the edge of the forest. These plants are short-statured (shaded or mowed?). Voucher? Yes Notes: This would be an excellent opportunity for conservation action because there is little that could be built there -need to find out who owns this. New Population #J. Sebesta Date: August 19, 2001. Location: In the unmowed front yard of 880 l Sandstone and in the ditch south of here. Also in the utility area at the T intersection of Sebesta and Sandstone. Habitat Notes: 50-100 plants. Areas open and disturbed with short grasses, a euphorb, and sparse johnson grass. Voucher? No New Population #K Rock/Green Prairie road Date: August 19, 2001. Location: at the southeast corner of the intersection of Rock Prairie and Greens Prairie Roads Habitat notes: 100-200 plants. Disturbed old pasture, dry gravelly soil. Shorter grasses, a euphorb, Baptisia occasional. Voucher? Yes Notes: For sale by owner (640 acres): 979-774-0208 or 979-776-1887. New Population #L Harris/Bradley Date: August 19, 2001. There are three areas ofLiatris concentration, but they seem to be connected by suitable habitat (pasture and utility corridors). College Station will probably annex this area soon. Location 1: An abandoned pasture (broken fence and abandoned trailer) on the Northeast side of Rock Prairie Road 0.2 miles NW from the landfill entry drive. Habitat notes: At least 100 plants. Short to medium height grass and abundant western ragweed, Monarda. Dry. Location 2: In the ditch on the southeast side of Bradley Road. Also the Utility ROW on the northwest side of the road Habitat notes: 10-20 plants. They are particularly concentrated along the fence row where it is not mowed Few seen in the old field to the southeast. Associated species include: disturbance grasses, a euphorb, western ragweed, monarda, asters, and cedars. Voucher? Yes Location 3: In the large front yard of 1834 Harris Lane. A few plants in the utility corridor to the southwest. Habitat notes: 30-50 plants in an unmowed front yard Short to medium disturbance grasses, partridge pea. New Population# M Appotornix Date: August 28, 2001 Location: In an open field behind the Evergreen Development office on the east side of Appomattox Rd; At the T of the intersection of Appomattox and Spring Creek. Habitat notes: Voucher? No Notes: Not currently being developed, but there are houses going in to the north. This subdivision is growing, so this area could be lost to houses. New Population #N Copperfield Date: August 28, 2001 Location: In a large open area on the southside of Canterbury Rd in the Copperfield Addition at the T intersection of Canterbury and Middlebury. Habitat notes: 100 plants in a large open area Voucher?No Notes: Not currently being developed, but there are houses going in to the southeast. This subdivision is growing, so this area could be lost to houses. New Population #0 Old TI building. Date: August 28, 2001 Location: In a small woodland opening at the north end of the old Texas Instruments (Tracy Herbarium) parking lot (T AMU property). Habitat notes: Five to 10 robust plants in an opening in a post oak woodland. Vegetation somewhat dense: little bluestem, Rudbeckia common. Euphorb, dewberry, western ragweed occasional, and holly bushes. Voucher? No Notes: T AMU property, would be a good candidate for transplanting rescued specimens.